Apiaceae Plants Research Articles

Heat shock factors in carrot: genome-wide identification, classification, and expression profiles response to abiotic stress.

Heat shock factors (HSFs) play key roles in the response to abiotic stress in eukaryotes. In this study, 35 DcHSFs were identified from carrot (Daucus carota L.) based on the carrot genome database. All 35 DcHSFs were divided into three classes (A, B, and C) according to the structure and phylogenetic relationships of four different plants, namely, Arabidopsis thaliana, Vitis vinifera, Brassica rapa, and Oryza sativa. Comparative analysis of algae, gymnosperms, and angiosperms indicated that the numbers of HSF transcription factors were related to the plant's evolution. The expression profiles of five DcHsf genes (DcHsf 01, DcHsf 02, DcHsf 09, DcHsf 10, and DcHsf 16), which selected from each subfamily (A, B, and C), were detected by quantitative real-time PCR under abiotic stresses (cold, heat, high salinity, and drought) in two carrot cultivars, D. carota L. cvs. Kurodagosun and Junchuanhong. The expression levels of DcHsfs were markedly increased by heat stress, except that of DcHsf 10, which was down regulated. The expression profiles of different DcHsfs in the same class also differed under various stress treatments. The expression profiles of these DcHsfs were also different in tissues of two carrot cultivars. This study is the first to identify and characterize the DcHSF family transcription factors in plants of Apiaceae using whole-genome analysis. The results of this study provide an in-depth understanding of the DcHSF family transcription factors' structure, function, and evolution in carrot.

A reappraisal of the Pleurotus eryngii complex – New species and taxonomic combinations based on the application of a polyphasic approach, and an identification key to Pleurotus taxa associated with Apiaceae plants

The Pleurotus eryngii species-complex comprises choice edible mushrooms growing on roots and lower stem residues of Apiaceae (umbellifers) plants. Material deriving from extensive sampling was studied by mating compatibility, morphological and ecological criteria, and through analysis of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and IGS1 rRNA sequences. Results revealed that P. eryngii sensu stricto forms a diverse and widely distributed aggregate composed of varieties elaeoselini, eryngii, ferulae, thapsiae, and tingitanus. Pleurotuseryngii subsp. tuoliensis comb. nov. is a phylogenetically sister group to the former growing only on various Ferula species in Asia. The existence of Pleurotusnebrodensis outside of Sicily (i.e., in Greece) is reported for the first time on the basis of molecular data, while P. nebrodensis subsp. fossulatus comb. nov. is a related Asiatic taxon associated with the same plant (Prangos ferulacea). Last, Pleurotusferulaginis sp. nov. grows on Ferulago campestris in northeast Italy, Slovenia and Hungary; it occupies a distinct phylogenetic position accompanied with significant differences in spore size and mating incompatibility versus other Pleurotus populations. Coevolution with umbellifers and host/substrate specificity seem to play key roles in speciation processes within this fungal group. An identification key to the nine Pleurotus taxa growing in association with Apiaceae plants is provided.

Aphis pulsatillicolaHolman, 1966 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) onPulsatilla grandisWender, 1831 is a new record for the Hungarian fauna

A survey of Pulsatilla grandis Wender revealed the presence of four aphid species colonizing Greater Pasque Flower in Hungary. Aphis pulsatillicola Holman, 1966 the monoecious Pulsatilla feeding aphid species is a new record for the Hungarian fauna. The development of Cavariella theobaldi Gilette Bragg, 1918 on the isolated silky seed head proves that the host alternating aphid species (primary hosts are Salix species and summer hosts are Umbelliferae plants) was able to develop from nymph to alatae on P. grandis. Winged forms develop in response to unsatisfactory quality of a host plant, while on suitable host apterae are produced. The polyphagous Aphis fabae Scopoli 1763 and Aphis gossypii Glover 1877 were able to overwinter and the progenies of fundatrices developed into wingless apterae on P. grandis.

The melliferous plants of Apiaceae from Istanbul and their conservation importance

Melliferous means bearing any substance that is collected by bees to produce honey. Honey properties are different due to floral sources. The major objectives of this project (The Platform of Bees) are to identify the plant sources used for the production of wildflower honey in Istanbul (Turkey) area. The assessment of their conservation status is an important part of the modern concept and practices of sustainable use of plant resources and conservation of plant diversity. Based on field observation, it was established that wild melliferous plants of the family Apiaceae in Istanbul flora are represented by 24 taxa belonging 19 genera. They represent about %10 of melliferous species of Istanbul flora

Fruit anatomy of some Apiaceae plant species Aladağlar/ Turkey

Anatomical characters are very important to distinguish between closely related species and genera, especially in the family Apiaceae. Anatomy of Apiaceae fruits varies strongly, even among closely related species in the same genus. An ethnobotanical study was conducted between 2004 and 2005 in order to determine wild used plants in West part of Nigde-Aladaglar. According the data of this study’s, 3 plant species belong to Apiaceae family sold to different tea companies by local people. Anatomical characteristics of fruits of the Ferulago pachyloba, Prangos ferulacea, Prangos meliocarpoides have been studied. Ferulago pachyloba has winged dorsal ribs, equal to or shorter than seeds. Prangos ferulacea has five blocks of mesocarp, they are not separated by the exocarp and the vascular bundles usually surround each block. Prangos meliocarpoides has continuous mesocarp and not separated into blocks. Druse crystals do not exist in the endosperm of F. pachyloba, P. ferulacea, and P. meliocarpoides

Ethnobotanical studies of some Apiaceae plants in Kahramanmaras and a review of their phytochemical studies

Kahramanmaras is located in the South-East Anatolia Region of Turkey. It has a very rich flora, ca 2500 taxa 20% of which are endemic. This study is a master thesis which aims to identify the various folk usage of the plants in the Andirin (Kahramanmaras) district. As a result of this study, several ethnobotanical usages of 147 taxa, 10 of which are endemic, have been determined. Among them, 8 taxa (Apium nodiflorum (L.) Lag., Bunium paucifolium DC. var. junceum (Boiss.) Hedge & Lamond, Eryngium campestre L. var. virens Link., Ferula longipedunculata Pesmen, Ferulago cassia Boiss., Laser trilobum (L.) Borkh., Lecokia cretica (Lam.) DC., Smyrnium connatum Boiss & Kotschy) belong to Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family and are being used for medicinal purpose and food. Many phytochemical and biological activity studies of some of these species are exist. In the review part of this study the results of these studies were summarized

Fumigant toxicity of Carum copticum L. (Apiaceae) essential oil on Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) adults under greenhouse conditions

Greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most injurious pests of greenhouse crops and ornamental plants in worldwide, both outdoor and indoor. This insect, feeding on plant sap, producing honeydew and transmitting plant viruses, causes quantitative and qualitative damages in plants. For controlling this pest in greenhouse, plant essential oils are mentioned instead of chemical insecticidal. So, in this research, fumigant toxicity of Carum copticum L. (Fam.: Apiaceae) plant oil on mentioned adult pest was surveyed. Dry ground seeds were subjected to hydrodistillation using a modified Clevenger-type apparatus and the resulting oil contained Thymol (50.07%), Gama-Terpinene (23.99%), P-Cymene (22.9%), Myrcene (0.51%) and 1,8-Cineole (0.5%). All bioassay tests were conducted at 27 ± 2 °C, 65 ± 5 RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 h (light: dark). This research was performed with a completely random design with six treatments (five different concentrations of essential oils plus control). Each concentration includes of three replicates and each replicate consisted of 20 adult of pests. The results showed that aforementioned essential oil shows significant mortality of adults 24 h after exposure. The value LC50 of mentioned plant oil on T. vaporariorum was 1.03 μl L/L air. And mortality percentage shows higher sensitivity of T. vaporariorum against application of essential oil. The value LT50 estimated for T. vaporariorum in concentration of 1.03 μl L/L air was 7.18 h. Fumigant toxicity this essential oil has had an ordered relationship with the concentration and time exposure. The results of this research showed that mentioned plant oil had appropriate insecticidal effects on these greenhouse pests. The findings showed that C. copticum L. oil has high impact on the above-mentioned pests and it is suggested because of its high potential in fumigant toxicity and its use in integrated pest management programmes in greenhouses is mentioned.

Systemic allergic dermatitis caused by Apiaceae root vegetables

Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to root vegetables of the Umbelliferae plant family (Apiaceae) is well known. Delayed-type hypersensitivity is rarely reported. To report the first case of systemic contact dermatitis caused by root vegetables and some chemical implications. Prick and patch testing were performed with fresh vegetables and selected allergens, and this was followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS analysis of the falcarinol syringe. The patient was contact-sensitive to celeriac, parsnip, and carrot, but tested negative to falcarinol. Subsequent analysis showed that the syringe contained falcarinol. The non-occupational sensitization resulting from both direct and systemic contact with Apiaceae root vegetables was apparently not caused by falcarinol.

Morphological and molecular characterisation of Periconia pseudobyssoides sp. nov. and closely related P. byssoides

Anamorphic ascomycetes of the genus Periconia, occurring on invasive Heracleum sosnowskyi and on other native Apiaceae plants were examined during this study. On the basis of morphological, cultural characteristics and ITS sequences a new species of Periconia closely related to Periconia byssoides, is described and illustrated. The new species Periconia pseudobyssoides, collected on dead stalks of Heracleum sosnowskyi, is characterized by producing brownish verruculose mycelium on malt-extract agar, and differs from P. byssoides and other known Periconia species by producing reddish-brown, macronematous conidiophores with numerous percurrent proliferations, often verruculose at the apex immediately below the conidial head, verrucose ovoid conidiogenous cells arising directly from the swollen apical cell cut off by a septum from the stipe apex, and spherical, reddish-brown, characteristically ornamented verrucose conidia. Detailed description and illustration of morphological characters, cultural characteristics and ITS sequences barcoding are also provided for P. byssoides.

Inhibitory effect of imperatorin and isoimperatorin on activity of cytochrome P450 enzyme in human and rat liver microsomes

Imperatorin (IM) and isoimperatorin (ISOIM) are major active components of common herbal medicines from Umbelliferae plants, and widely used in clinic. This article studies the inhibitory effect of IM and ISOIM on the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme, and assesses their potential drug-drug interaction. IM and ISOIM were incubated separately with human or rat liver microsomes for 30 min, with phenacetin, bupropion, tolbutamide, S-mephenytoin, dextromethorphan and midazolam as probe substrates. Metabolites of the CYP probe substrates were determined by LC-MS/MS, and IC50 values were calculated to assess the inhibitory effect of the two drugs on human CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A4 enzymes, as well as on rat CYP1A2, 2B6, 2D2 and 3A1/2, and grade their inhibitory intensity. In human liver microsomes, IM and ISOIM showed different inhibitory effects on all of the six CYP isoenzymes. They were strong inhibitors for 1A2 and 2B6. The IC50 values were 0.05 and 0.20 micromol x L(-1) for 1A2, and 0.18 and 1.07 micromol x L(-1) for 2B6, respectively. They also showed moderate inhibitory effect on 2C19, and weak effect on 2C9, 2D6 and 3A4. In rat liver microsomes, IM and ISOIM were identified as moderate inhibitors for 1A2, with IC50 values of 1.95 and 2.98 micromol x L(-1). They were moderate and weak inhibitors for 2B6, with IC50 values of 6.22 and 21.71 micromol x L(-1), respectively. They also had weaker inhibitory effect on 2D2 and 3A1/2. The results indicated that IM and ISOIM had extensive inhibitory effects on human CYP enzymes. They are strong inhibitors of CYP1 A2 and 2B6 enzymes. However, it is worth noting the interaction arising from the inhibitory effect of CYP enzymes in clinic.

Mutagenicity Effect of Centella Asiatica In Aqueous Extract Via Ames Test

Centella asiatica L. or locally known as Pegaga nyonya is a weekly aromatic smelling herb that belongs to a genus of the plant family Apiaceae (Umbelliferare). It has been used widely in folk medicine for hundreds of years to treat a wide range of illness. In this study, the mutagenic potential of C. asiatica aerial parts (leaves and stems) and roots in aqueous extracts were determined using the Ames test. The method involved was pre-incubation on Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100 bacterial strains in the presence and absence of metabolic activator S9 system. The extracts were evaluated using two-fold value of the number of revertant's colony in negative control plate as cut-off point, to determine the mutagenicity effects. The results showed that all aqueous extracts of the aerial parts and roots of C.asiatica were non mutagenic because it shown no significance difference (p<0.05) when compared to negative control towards TA98 and TA100 strain with and without S9 metabolic activation for all concentration studied. In conclusion, C. asiatica aerial parts and roots aqueous extract were non mutagenic on both S.typhimurium strains and can be used as part of traditional medicine.

Diseases of herbs from Apiaceae family

The largest participation in causing the disease of herbal plants have fungi. Studies on their occurrence on plants of the family Apiaceae are conducted in the Lublin region since 2001. The observations of plant healthiness are carried out directly on the plantations. Plants with symptoms of disease are studied in the laboratory. Identification of the fungi is performed based on etiological symptoms and on the base of fungal cultures isolated from plants. Among the many species of fungi obtained from diseased plants to the particularly harmful belong: Septoria carvi, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. dematium, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Passalora puncta (Cercosporidium punctum) and Erysiphe umbelliferarum .

Cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity and an effect on CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 of Mutellina purpurea L. extracts

Mutellina purpurea is an aromatic Apiaceae plant known as Alpine lovage. Its polar extracts consist of phenolic acids, tannins and flavonoids. The cytotoxic effect of methanolic and aqueous extracts from M. purpurea was studied on the most frequently used cell lines: HeLa and BHK-21. Taking into account that the natural products are often used with other medicines there is a risk of reciprocal interaction on the metabolic level. Thus, the influence of M. purpurea extracts was investigated on the activity of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, which are the most important P450 isoenzymes from the pharmacological and toxicological points of view. Additionally, because M. purpurea contains phenolic compounds, the antioxidative properties of this plant extracts were also studied and compared.

Insecticidal and Acetylcholine Esterase Inhibition Activity of Apiaceae Plant Essential Oils and Their Constituents against Adults of German Cockroach (Blattella germanica)

We evaluated the insecticidal and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibition activity of 11 Apiaceae plant essential oils and their constituents in adult male and female Blattella germanica. Of the 11 Apiaceae plant essential oils tested, dill (Anethum graveolens), carvi (Carum carvi), and cumin (Cuminum cyminum) demonstrated >90% fumigant toxicity against adult male German cockroaches at a concentration of 5 mg/filter paper. In a contact toxicity test, dill (Anethum graveolens), carvi (Carum carvi), cumin (Cuminum cyminum), and ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) produced strong insecticidal activity against adult male and female German cockroaches. Among the test compounds, (S)-(+)-carvone, 1,8-cineole, trans-dihydrocarvone, cuminaldehyde, trans-anethole, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene demonstrated strong fumigant toxicity against adult male and female B. germanica. In a contact toxicity test, carveol, cuminaldehyde, (S)-(+)-carvone, trans-anethole, thymol, and p-cymene showed strong contact toxicity against adult male and female B. germanica. IC(50) values of α-pinene, carvacrol, and dihydrocarvone against female AChE were 0.28, 0.17, and 0.78 mg/mL, respectively. The toxicity of the blends of constituents identified in 4 active oils indicated that carvone, cuminaldehyde, and thymol were major contributors to the fumigant activity or contact toxicity of the artificial blend.

Chemotypification of Astrantia major L. (Apiaceae): Essential‐Oil and Lignan Profiles of Fruits

The fruit essential oils of two populations of Astrantia major L. (Apiaceae, subfamily Saniculoideae) were analyzed in detail by GC and GC/MS analyses. Seventy-six constituents identified accounted for 92.7-94.0% of the oils. The two oils differed significantly: the wild-growing population from Serbia contained zingiberene (47.9%), β-bisabolene (9.7%), and β-sesquiphellandrene (7.9%), while the one from Poland (botanical gardens) was sesquiterpene-poor with the major contributors oleic acid (38.6%), nonacosane (15.4%), and linoleic acid (5.1%). Motivated by the unresolved taxonomical relations between the Saniculoideae and Apioideae subfamilies, we performed multivariate statistical analyses on the compositional data of these A. major samples, and additional 14 Saniculoideae and 31 Apioideae taxa. This allowed us to assess the chemotaxonomical usefulness of such chemical data in differentiating taxa from these two Apiaceae subfamilies and to corroborate the existence of at least two A. major chemotypes. Diethyl ether extracts of the two samples of A. major fruits yielded seven diaryltetrahydrofurofurano lignans. Except for eudesmin that has been found for the first time in a Saniculoideae taxon, all other lignans (magnolin, epimagnolins A and B, epieudesmin, yangambin, and epiyangambin) are new for the entire plant family Apiaceae. The lignan profiles also supported the existence of two separate A. major chemotypes.

THE MORPHOLOGY OF HETEROGENEITY OF SEEDS OF VEGETABLE UMBELLIFERAE CROPS CAUSED BY PLACE OF DEVELOPMENT ON THE PARENTAL PLANT

Study of morphological parameters of seeds is of interest for the enhancement of quality of produced seeds vegetable Umbelliferae plants. Indicators of the linear dimensions of the embryo, endosperm, seed, and the degree of variability can be used for additional performance of a lot of seeds. Knowledge of morphology of heterogeneity of seeds should be taken into account in their growing, sorting, storage and presowing refinement.

Characterization of Celery mosaic virus Isolated from Some Apiaceae Plants

Characterization of Celery mosaic virus Isolated from Some Apiaceae Plants

Effect of NP and foliar spray on growth and chemical compositions of some medicinal Apiaceae plants grow in arid regions in Egypt

Abstract Arid regions in Egypt are characterized by poor nutrients such as macro and microele-ments and unfavorable environmental conditions which negatively affect growth and productivity of medicinal and aromatic plants including anise ( Pimpinella anisum L.), coriander ( Coriandrum sativum L.) and sweet fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare var. Dolce) plants. Thus, the main objective of the present investigation was to study the effect of different levels of NP fertilizers, trace elements and their interactions on the morpho-logical and biochemical contents of these three plants under arid regions conditions. The effects of NP and trace elements on the growth (height, leaf number, branch num-ber, umbel number, fresh weight, dry weight and fruit yield per plant) was measured and quantitative analysis of essential oils, fixed oil, total carbohydrates, soluble sugars and nutrient content of anise, coriander and sweet fennel were performed. The most effective rate was N3P3 x trace elements interaction, resulting in a positive increase in vegetative growth characters. The highest values of vegetative growth characters were 53.4, 45.9, 10.3, 33.5, 36.8, 11.8 and 7.9, respectively for anise; 83.0, 69.3, 9.8, 29.0, 34.0, 17.5 and 14.4, respectively for coriander; 89.8, 32.6, 7.8, 22.9, 257.8, 99.1 and 27.8, respectively for sweet fennel. As well as N3P3 x trace elements led to higher biochemical contents than the control. The increases were 0.9, 0.3 and 0.9% in essen-tial oil; 5.4, 4.4 and 3.7% in fixed oil, 9, 7.9 and 8.2% in total carbohydrates; 2.4, 2.8 and 1.6% in soluble sugars; 5.0, 7.5 and 14.4% in crude protein; 0.8, 2.0 and 2.3% in nitrogen; 1.5, 0.6 and 0.4% in phosphorous; 1.3, 1.2 and 1.7% in potassium for anise, coriander and sweet fennel, respectively.

Umbellifers as potential keystone species in restoration projects

We studied visitation rates to four common European umbellifers: &lt;i&gt;Angelica sylvestris&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Anthriscus sylvestris&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Daucus carota&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Heracleum sphondylium&lt;/i&gt;. Our observations and literature data confi rm that a single plant species from the family Apiaceae may be visited by over a hundred insect taxa from taxonomically diverse groups. Here we suggest that in the light of pollination shortage faced by many endangered plant species, co-planting of relevant native Apiaceae plants, especially in Europe, should be taken into consideration in many restoration projects to provide, via umbelliferean magnet species, appropriate pollination service for focus plant taxa.

Schizomyia botellus n.sp. – a new bud galling species from Apiaceae in Israel

In a recent paper (Dorchin &amp; Freidberg 2011) we reviewed the cecidomyiid fauna of the plant family Apiaceae in Israel. For one of the species that was described in that paper, we failed to provide details about the holotype depository, which we now provide in this note in order to make the species name available. We hereby describe the new species Schizomyia botellus Dorchin &amp; Freidberg, by reference to its full description in the above mentioned publication. Details of the holotype are as follows: ♂, Israel, Mishor Paran, 17.iii.1995, N. Dorchin, reared from Deverra triradiata gall, deposited in the national collection of insects, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (TAUI). Details about the paratypes, biology and distribution of the new species are found in Dorchin &amp; Freidberg 2011.