Effects Of Ultraviolet Radiation Research Articles

Effect of ultraviolet radiation c treatment on preservation of Naematelia aurantialba in modified atmosphere packaging

Naematelia aurantialba, known for its health benefits but perishable due to high water content, has a limited market life. This study explored extending its shelf life using ultraviolet C radiation within modified atmosphere packaging. Ultraviolet C, typically used for sterilizing produce, has untapped potential for preserving Naematelia aurantialba. Samples underwent ultraviolet C with various intensities, then were stored at 2 ± 1 °C in packaging bags with 4081 mL/m2·d·atm oxygen transmission rate, with quality checks every seven days until day 42. Samples treated with 0.19 kJ/m² ultraviolet C radiation within the MAP system significantly slowed color and texture changes in N. aurantialba, maintaining cell integrity. This treatment also reduced the loss of aroma substances and significantly increased the total phenolic and flavonoid content in the N. aurantialba. Simultaneously, these samples demonstrated tester preference, highlighting the treatment's effectiveness in enhancing freshness and marketability.

Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation from Welding Activities on Ocular Tissues of Albino Rats

Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation from Welding Activities on Ocular Tissues of Albino Rats

TiO2-catalyzed photodegradation of methylene blue in a helical FEP tubing reactor: modeling and optimization using response surface methodology

A novel photocatalytic reactor was developed to degrade methylene blue in water using titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a catalyst and fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) tubing as a transmitter for ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The reactor was operated by continuously flowing the solution through narrow tubes that were exposed to UV radiation. The efficiency of the reactor was evaluated by comparing it to a previous study that used quartz glass tubing. The study also investigated the effects of flow rate, initial concentration, pH, TiO2 dose and UV radiation without a catalyst on the degradation of methylene blue. The results showed that the FEP tubing was a more efficient UV transmitter than quartz glass. The efficiency of the reactor was also affected by the flow rate and pH of the solution. The highest degradation efficiency was achieved at a flow rate of 10 mL/min and a pH of 7.0. The use of TiO2 as a catalyst also significantly improved the degradation efficiency, with an almost doubling of the degradation rate when compared to the case without a catalyst. This study demonstrates the potential of the FEP tubing-based photocatalytic reactor for the degradation of methylene blue in water. The reactor is easy to operate and can be scaled up for industrial applications.

Would Rutin be a Feasible Strategy for Environmental-Friendly Photoprotective Samples? A Review from Stability to Skin Permeability and Efficacy in Sunscreen Systems

Rutin, a flavonoid found in various plants, has gained attention for its potential applications in the cosmetic industry due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential photoprotective properties. Our review explored the use of rutin (rutoside, 3-O-rutinoside-quercetin) in cosmetics/dermocosmetics, focusing on its physicochemical properties and stability, cutaneous permeability, and efficacy in sunscreen systems, involving in vitro tests and the current state of clinical trials. Rutin’s ability to scavenge free radicals, prevent peroxidation, and reduce vascular fragility makes this flavonoid a promising ingredient for photoprotection. Studies have shown that rutin can enhance the sun protection factor (SPF) of sunscreen formulations, especially when combined with organic UV filters. The encapsulation of rutin in nanostructures has also been investigated to improve its applicability. Overall, rutin shows potential as a safe and effective ingredient in cosmetics/dermocosmetics, offering protection against the harmful effects of UV radiation and oxidative stress on the skin, as well as being a feasible strategy for developing environmentally friendly multifunctional sunscreens.

Portable Voltammetry: A Rapid and Efficient Technique for Determining UV Filters in Cosmetics: A Comparative Study with HPLC-PDA and HPLC-MS/MS.

This study addresses the widespread use of UV filters (UVFs) in cosmetic and solar products due to the negative effects of UV radiation, particularly in relation to melanoma risk. While these filters offer protection, their extensive application raises concerns about their environmental and health impacts. Organic UVFs, in particular, have been associated with endocrine disruption in aquatic species and coral reef damage. To mitigate these concerns, regulatory limits have been imposed on certain UVFs. Current analytical techniques for UVF determination, such as HPLC-PDA and HPLC-MS/MS, offer high accuracy but are expensive and lack on-site monitoring capabilities. In response, this research aims to develop a rapid and cost-effective method, utilizing voltammetry for organic UVF quantification in complex matrices like sunscreens. Additionally, HPLC-PDA and HPLC-MS/MS are employed for electrochemical methods and device validation. This approach not only addresses the need for efficient UVF analysis but also provides a basis for regulatory compliance and environmental stewardship in the cosmetics industry.

Obtaining Melanin-Synthesizing Strains of Bacillus thuringiensis and their Use for Biological Preparations.

A pivotal objective in crop production and plant protection lies in developing environmentally friendly insecticidal preparations and biostimulants. We employed Bacillus thuringiensis strains with varied insecticidal spectra and engineered melanogenic mutants. We demonstrated a significant increase in insecticidal activity in the isolated mutants. Meanwhile, there was no observable impact of the enhanced synthesis of water-soluble melanin on the nature and abundance of spore and crystal formation. This heightened efficacy can be attributed to the photoprotective qualities of the synthesized pigment, shielding spores and crystals against the detrimental effects of UV radiation and insolation. We demonstrated the high biological activity of water-soluble bacterial melanin through in vivo experiments involving multiple plant species. Our findings indicate that bacterial melanin is a potent phytostimulant. This preparation accelerates and amplifies plant growth and development processes, leading to a substantial increase in crop yield by 20-40%. The simultaneous synthesis of two biologically active substance, melanin and insecticidal toxins, ensures an elevated level of effectiveness in utilizing melaninogenic strains.

Changes in quality attributes of coconut water treated with UV-radiation and nisin during cold storage: Kinetics modelling and shelf-life prediction

Exploring the innovative combination of UV radiation and nisin treatment for enhancing the shelf life and quality of coconut water (CW) offers promising avenues for sustainable beverage processing. This study investigated the effects of UV radiation, nisin, and their combined treatments on the physical and microbiological attributes of coconut water during 20 days of refrigerated storage. The study also aimed to develop mathematical models for tracking changes in coconut water's quality parameters during refrigerated storage and determining its shelf life by integrating quality and microbial metrics. The results revealed that the cold storage period has significant impacts on the physical and microbiological characteristics of coconut water. The combination of UV radiation and nisin resulted in microbiologically stable coconut water, with populations remaining below 106 CFU/mL, for up to 20 days of cold storage. Moreover, a decline in pH over time, particularly in UV and nisin-treated samples, indicated increased acidity by only 15%. Colour analysis showed shifts towards darker and redder hues, accompanied by increases in a*-values. Conversely, b*-values increased in most samples, except for pasteurized coconut water. Additionally, a consistent decrease in antioxidant activity, total phenolic compound, and total flavonoid content was observed in the samples treated with the combination of UV radiation and nisin during storage period, with averages of 50%, 18%, and 20%, respectively. The zero-order model accurately represented most coconut water's properties, exhibiting R2 value of ≥0.85, and the derived reaction rate constants used to predict shelf life. Integration of UV and nisin treatment significantly extended the projected shelf life of coconut water compared to control (untreated CW sample) and individual treatments except thermal treatment, with shelf-life extensions of up to 19.5 days, highlighting the potential of this combination to enhance coconut water's shelf life while maintaining its safety.

Eco-Friendly Polyurethane Foams Enriched with Waste from the Food and Energy Industries

In recent years, there has been considerable focus on ensuring that energy is used in the most efficient manner possible. This is due to the fact that globally, over 70% of energy is generated from fossil fuels. Consequently, the matter of designing and utilizing materials that will negate energy losses within the construction industry is of paramount importance. Simultaneously, the necessity for a sustainable approach to the design and production of materials is strongly emphasized. This paper presents an innovative approach to the use of a combination of mineral and plant-based fillers in polyurethane foam technology as a thermal insulation material with the potential to be used in construction to reduce energy consumption. Polyurethane composites containing fly ash from biomass combustion and the addition of rice, sunflower, and buckwheat husks as plant fillers were proposed. The structure of the obtained materials was studied, and the most important physical properties were analyzed. These included apparent density, dimensional stability, water absorption, and the effects of UV radiation and water influence on the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen content. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the materials were investigated, including compressive strength and brittleness. Additionally, the foams were subjected to flammability tests using a cone calorimeter. Furthermore, additional parameters were determined, including the limiting oxygen index and the vertical and horizontal flammability tests. The results demonstrate the beneficial effects of combining mineral and vegetable fillers in polyurethane foam.

Flexible High‐Temperature Polymer Dielectrics Induced by Ultraviolet Radiation for High Efficient Energy Storage

AbstractPolymer‐based dielectrics with fast electrostatic energy storage and release, are crucial for advanced electronics and power systems. However, the deterioration of insulation performance and charge–discharge efficiency of polymer dielectrics at elevated temperatures and high electric fields hinder the applications of capacitors in harsh environments. Herein, a facile and scalable approach is reported to fabricating flexible high‐temperature polymer dielectrics for high‐efficiency energy storage by ultraviolet irradiation. The resultant dielectric films exhibit an augment of 493% in energy density and exceeding 800% in discharge efficiency at 200 °C (3.2 J cm−3 and over 90% discharge efficiency at 480 M V−1m for irradiated polyetherimide (PEI), 0.54 J cm−3, and below 10% discharge efficiency at 400 MV m−1 for pristine PEI) and excellent cycle performance. The injected space charge is found to be the dominant contributor to energy loss during the charge–discharge process. Free radicals introduced by ultraviolet irradiation can act as deep traps to capture injected charge and suppress space charge migration. This work clarifies the contribution of space charge to energy loss and demonstrates the effectiveness of ultraviolet irradiation in improving the capacitive performance of high‐temperature polymer dielectrics. These findings provide a novel paradigm for the rational design of high‐temperature polymer dielectrics for high‐efficiency energy storage.

Sun Exposure of Preschoolers, Parental Sun Protection Behavior, and Sun Protection Measures at Preschool in Bavaria-Comparison of Two Cross-Sectional Studies of 2010/11 and 2018/19.

Children's skin is particularly susceptible to the carcinogenic effects of ultraviolet radiation. Young children are dependent on sun protection measures taken by parents and other caregivers. The aim of the study is to evaluate parental sun protection behavior and sun protection measures at preschool at two points in time (2010/11 and 2018/19) in Bavaria and to test for a secular trend. Two cross-sectional surveys were carried out. For each survey, more than 4,000 parents of preschoolers completed a self-administered questionnaire about parental sun protection behavior and sun protection measures at preschool. To identify possible associations between parental sun protection behavior and sociodemographic characteristics, logistic regression analysis was carried out. In the survey of 2018/19, six out of eight sun protection measures are adequately applied by over two-thirds of the parents. Two out of eight sun protection measures are adequately applied by less than one-third of the parents. Those two measures are aligning sun protection to actual UV index and preschoolers wearing sunglasses. The comparison of the study population of the survey of 2010/11 and of 2018/19 shows an improvement in parental sun protection behavior for seven out of eight sun protection measures. In both surveys more than 80% of parents state that preschool staff ensures preschoolers wear sun hats and sunscreen outside on sunny days. Future campaigns should focus on the use of sunglasses and promote the UV index, as these sun protection measures are used very little.

Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on Properties of Ge2Sb2Te5 Phase Change Films.

With the expanding utilization of space technology, the stability of electronic components' performance in radiation environments has garnered significant attention. In this study, we prepared Ge2Sb2Te5 phase change films and memory units on silicon substrates to explore the influence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on their characteristics. The experimental findings revealed that UV irradiation at a power density of 450 mW/cm2 decreased the amorphous resistance and thermal stability of Ge2Sb2Te5 films, impeding their multistage storage performance. Nevertheless, the amorphous state could still undergo effective transformation into a crystalline state. Furthermore, UV irradiation triggered the photoelectric effect, narrowing the band gap and causing a redshift of the Raman peak in amorphous films. Remarkably, the surface properties of Ge2Sb2Te5 films remained unchanged under irradiation. The phase change memory device based on Ge2Sb2Te5 film retained its SET-RESET conversion capability at a pulse width of 100 ns post-UV irradiation, demonstrating resilience against UV radiation. This study offers the practical insights for the application of phase change memory in space radiation environments.

Revealing the Impact of Viscoelastic Characteristics on Performance Parameters of UV-Crosslinked Hotmelt Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives: Insights from Time-Temperature Superposition Analysis.

This study emphasizes the influential role of rheology in decoding the viscoelastic properties of pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) vital to predicting key application features such as shear, tack, and peel, depending on the flow characteristics of PSAs during bonding and debonding processes. By applying the principle of time-temperature superposition (TTS), we extend the scope of our frequency analysis, surpassing the technical constraints of the available apparatus. Our exploration aims to uncover the general correlations between PSAs' viscoelastic properties and their performance in end-use applications. Initially, the adhesive performance and viscoelastic properties of a UV-crosslinkable styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) model adhesive prior and subsequent to UV irradiation were examined. The subsequent crosslinking reaction increased cohesive strength and heat resistance, although tack and peel strength observed a substantial decline. We successfully demonstrated these effects by logging the viscoelastic properties, specifically the storage modulus G' at lower frequencies, which mirrors the shear strength at higher temperatures and the shift in the tan δ peak to represent each PSA's tack. These correlations were partially reflected in three commercial UV crosslinkable acrylic PSA products, although the effect of UV irradiation was less distinctive. This study also revealed the challenges in predicting tack and peel strength, which result from a complex interplay of bonding and debonding processes. Our findings reinforce the necessity for more sophisticated analysis techniques and models that can accurately predict the end-use performance of PSAs across different physical structures and chemical compositions. Further research is needed to develop these predictive models, which may reduce the need for labor-intensive testing under real-life conditions.

Ultraviolet irradiation benefits left ventricular hypertrophy and mitochondrial morphology of cardiomyocytes in hypertensive rats.

Insufficient exposure to sunlight increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Hypertensive left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy exacerbates the risks of myocardial ischemia, ventricular arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, and heart failure. This study aimed to determine the effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on LV hypertrophy and mitochondrial morphology. Eighteen 7-week-old Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl S) rats were categorized into three groups (n = 6 each) and fed sodium chloride (NaCl) diets, as follows: UV-irradiated [UVB+A (+), 8% NaCl], non-UV-irradiated [UV (-), 8% NaCl], and control [UV (-), 0.3% NaCl]. UV irradiation was administered at a low intensity of 100 mJ/cm2 for 6 days per week. Echocardiography and mitochondrial analyses were performed to evaluate LV hypertrophy and cardiomyocytes, and skin tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to assess the pathological abnormalities at 12 weeks of age. LV mass was significantly reduced in the UVB+A (+) and control groups compared to that in the UV (-) group. Mitochondrial structural abnormalities in cardiomyocytes were observed only in the UV (-) group, but not in the UVB+A (+) or control group. Pathological skin abnormalities were not observed in any of the three groups. These findings suggest the potential benefits of UV irradiation in hypertensive models.

Effect of UV radiation, temperature, acid, and basic solutions on the chemical stability of thiamine

Thiamine, a water-soluble vitamin termed vitamin B1, is found in several pharmaceutical and nutritional products. In this study, the standard aqueous solution of thiamine was exposed to a variety of circumstances, including UV radiation for 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 minutes, temperatures of 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 °C, and concentrations of 1%, 5%, and 10% hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. Its degradation is being examined with a UV spectrophotometer. Thiamine is UV-sensitive after 5 minutes, has a slight effect at temperatures up to 45 °C, and is unstable at different acid and basic concentrations. Such methods can be used to investigate the stress-induced degradation of thiamine.

Know Your Sunscreen

Ultraviolet(UV) radiation from the sun has significant adverse effects on the skin, including sunburns, premature aging (photoaging), tanning, and many skin cancers. Sunscreens protect from harmful UV radiation. This article delves into the fundamentals of solar radiation, focusing on the UV spectrum, its effect on the skin, various types of sunscreens, and their mechanism of action to offer protection from harmful rays. UV exposure depends on factors like geographic location, altitude, time of day, season, and surface reflectivity. Sunscreen efficacy is measured by the Sun Protection Factor (SPF), which indicates how well a sunscreen can protect against UVB-induced sunburn. SPF ratings of 15, 30, and 50+ correspond to 93%, 96%, and 98% UVB blockage, respectively. In contrast, UVA protection lacks a standardized measure, with various in vitro and in vivo indices used globally. Sunscreens are categorized as organic (chemical) or inorganic (physical), each with distinct mechanisms and properties. Proper application of sunscreen, involving adequate coverage and reapplication, maximizes its protective benefits, significantly reducing the risk of UV-induced skin damage and cancers. Despite minor side effects like potential allergies, the advantages of sunscreen use, including prevention of sunburn, tanning, premature aging, and skin cancers, far outweigh the drawbacks. UV radiation from the sun poses significant risks to skin health. Understanding the nature and effects of UV radiation is crucial in appreciating the importance of protective measures such as sunscreen. The role of sunscreens in providing comprehensive protection cannot be overstated.

Assessment of the effectiveness of atmospheric plasma on the removal of selected pharmaceuticals from water

Plasma, next to solids, liquids and gases, is considered the fourth state of matter, occurring in the ground state or in the excited state, having a neutral charge. Its scope of application is wide and constantly expanding. The conducted research aimed to determine the impact of atmospheric plasma for removing selected pharmaceuticals: diclofenac (DFC), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), trimethoprim (TMP), carbamazepine (CBZ) and caffeine (CAF) from water on a laboratory scale. The concentration of the tested pharmaceuticals was 20 mg/L. The analyzed samples were exposed to a continuous stream of cold plasma. The contact time of the sample with the plasma stream ranged from seconds to minutes - depending on the tested pharmaceutical. By examining the degree of reduction of selected pharmaceutical substances before and after the atmospheric plasma treatment process, the samples were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The removal efficiency of individual pharmaceuticals reached up to 98 %. The conducted research confirms the great application potential of using atmospheric plasma as a tool for the elimination of individual pharmaceutical compounds. Cold plasma can be used as a potential tool in water purification and wastewater treatment. Based on the effects of free radical oxidation, UV radiation and pyrolysis, we can eliminate dangerous micropollutants in a more economical and effective way.

Synergistic Effects of Atomic Oxygen and UV Radiation on Carbon/Carbon Plates at Different Attitude Positions

Synergistic Effects of Atomic Oxygen and UV Radiation on Carbon/Carbon Plates at Different Attitude Positions

Clinical Applications of Sunscreens and Formulation Advancements.

Sunscreens cover the big market ratio in terms of cosmetic applications, but the therapeutic necessity of sunscreen still needs to be uncovered in the clinical context. Clinically, sunscreens are being employed more often nowadays as a result of the rising consequences of skin malignancies and the photodamaging effects of UV radiation. Sunscreens are essential to prevent aging by shielding the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Over the recent decades, there has been a significant evolution in the usage of sunscreens as photo protectants. The demand for sunscreen formulations will inevitably rise as more people become aware of the protection that sunscreens provide against tanning, photoaging, non-melanoma skin cancers, premalignant skin lesions, and skin melanomas. The novel contemporary formulation techniques are also beneficial in enhancing the product's aesthetic look and quality. Recently, regulatory agencies have also started paying attention to the regulation of the clinical application, efficacy, and safety parameters related to sunscreen. This review underlines the pathophysiological response of UV exposure with the therapeutic applications of sunscreen in various dermatological conditions and the recent formulation advancements in the development of sunscreen.

Effectiveness of Ultraviolet Radiation and Disinfectant Wipes in Reducing the Microbial Contamination of Mobile Phones in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background As mobile phones act as a potential source of microbial contamination, particularly in a hospital environment, the effectiveness of two most debated interventions namely ultraviolet radiation and disinfectant wipes in reducing the microbial contamination of mobile phones is compared. Objective To screen the mobile phones of healthcare personnel for the presence of microorganisms and to compare the effectiveness of ultraviolet radiation and disinfectant wipes in reducing microbial contamination. Methods and materials Pre-intervention and post-intervention swabs were collected before and after the use of each intervention respectively using 56 samples and cultured for growth in nutrient agar. Agar plates are subjected to quantitative analysis using bacterial colony count to reflect the efficacy of the specific intervention used. The data collected was entered in Microsoft Excel (Microsoft® Corp., Redmond, WA, USA) and analysis was done using standard statistical packages. Results While comparing the pre-intervention bacterial load with the post-intervention load, post-intervention bacterial contamination in terms of colony-forming units/CFU has drastically reduced after both interventions, which is validated by statistical significance. However, it was observed participants using disinfectant wipes as intervention had 2.07 times higher chance of having a low bacterial load which wasn't statistically significant. Conclusion Our study shows that with the use of any intervention from the above-mentioned interventions, bacterial loador bacterial contamination can be reduced significantly, thuspointing out that both ultraviolet radiation and disinfectant wipes are effective in reducing contamination of mobile phones. It was also found that male doctors have more bacterial load than females, which can be minimized by effectively changing behavioral habits.

Effectiveness of using hydrophobic silica aerogel and grape seed extract in creating a sunscreen formula

Abstract Wearing sunscreen products protects human skin from the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation from the sun. An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of utilizing hydrophobic silica aerogel and grape seed extract as additional raw materials in creating a sunscreen formula. This study aims to evaluate the acceptability of the sunscreen formulation in terms of determining its sun protection factor using UV-vis spectrophotometry, ability to remain on the surface using water resistance testing, and shelf life using a stability chamber. The methodology begins with obtaining a modified hydrophobic silica aerogel classified as cosmetic grade. The sunscreen formulation has a combination of 2 wt. % of hydrophobic silica aerogel, 3 wt.% of grape seed oil, and other ingredients using thermal procedures. The results demonstrated that the addition of hydrophobic silica aerogel and grape seed extract in sunscreen formulation exhibits satisfactory UV protection attaining an SPF value of 28.17073 which indicates a medium sun protection factor according to the standardized category of SPF values. On the contrary, the sunscreen without the active ingredients has an SPF value of 4.762. Additionally, both sunscreen’s water resistance was assessed by testing a total of 60 minutes in both tap water and salt water. The findings showed that both samples of sunscreens in tap water were more resistant compared to saltwater. Furthermore, the sunscreen with hydrophobic silica aerogel and grape seed extract stayed intact and did not dissolve in tap water after a 40-minute exposure time, but it did gradually disintegrate after 20 minutes in salt water since salt water has a higher density than tap water. In stability testing of both sunscreen formulations, the results revealed that the moisture content of the sunscreen formulation with hydrophobic silica aerogel and grape seed extract does not exceed 10% which indicates a low presence of oil. Hence, it proves its stability under the controlled conditions of 40°C and 75% relative humidity examined over one (1) month since it had a high moisture content of 78.98% obtained using the gravimetric method. For the sunscreen without these ingredients, the total moisture content under the same conditions and method is 29.07%. Thus, it indicates a high presence of oil and does not attain the standard moisture content for sunscreens. Overall, the evaluated performance of adding the hydrophobic silica aerogel and grape seed extract to the sunscreen formulation ensures its efficacy regarding its SPF, water resistance, and shelf life.