Ultraviolet B-induced Photoaging Research Articles

Persicaria senticosa extract mitigates ultraviolet B-induced photoaging by suppressing the mitogen-activated protein kinase/activator protein 1/matrix metalloproteinase 1 pathway in human keratinocytes and hairless mice

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has been identified as a key trigger for skin photoaging, characterized by the overproduction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), along with the accelerated decomposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, ultimately contributing to the development of wrinkles. Persicaria senticosa (PS) extracts are recognized for their antioxidative properties and their importance in skin health. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of studies investigating the potential of PS in protecting the skin against photoaging. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of PS extracts in preventing photoaging and elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in using immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and hairless mice. The major bioactive constituents of PS were identified as p-coumaric acid, isoquercitrin, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, and quercetin. Aqueous extracts of PS exhibited the ability to mitigate UVB-induced cellular damage and diminished ROS generation in HaCaT cells. Moreover, treatment with PS effectively attenuated the upregulated expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and collagen degradation induced by UVB exposure. The property of PS to counteract photoaging was related to its capacity to inhibit the UVB-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and suppress the subsequent activation of activator protein 1 (AP-1) signaling pathways. Moreover, in hairless mice exposed to UVB radiation, the application of PS significantly alleviated the development of skin wrinkles, diminished epidermal thickening, and mitigated collagen degradation. Notably, PS treatment resulted in the downregulation of the UVB-activated MAPK/AP-1/MMP-1 pathway in mouse skin tissues. These findings suggest that PS has the potential to serve as a therapeutic agent for treating photoaging, holding promises in both cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical applications.

Preparation of Multifunctional Seaweed Polysaccharides Derivatives Composite Hydrogel to Protect Ultraviolet B-Induced Photoaging In Vitro and In Vivo.

Seaweed polysaccharides can be used for protective skin photoaging which is caused by long-term exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB). In this study, a multifunctional composite hydrogel (FACP5) is prepared using sulfated galactofucan polysaccharides, alginate oligosaccharides as active ingredients, and polyacrylonitrile modified κ-Carrageenan as substrate. The properties of FACP5 show that it has good water retention, spreadability, and adhesion. The antiphotoaging activity is evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiments demonstrate that the components of FACP5 exhibit good biocompatibility, antioxidant, and anti-tyrosinase activities, and could reduce the cell death rate induced by UVB. In vivo experiments demonstrate that, compared with the mice skin in model group, the skin water content treated with FACP5 increases by 29.80%; the thicknesses of epidermis and dermis decrease by 53.56% and 43.98%, respectively; the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase increase by 1.59 and 0.72 times, respectively; the contents of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α decrease by 19.21% and 17.85%, respectively; hydroxyproline content increases by 32.42%; the expression level of matrix metalloproteinase-3 downregulates by 42.80%. These results indicate that FACP5 has skin barrier repairing, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and inhibiting collagen degradation activies, FACP5 can be used as a skin protection remedy for photoaging.

Synergistic Effect of Madecassoside and Rosmarinic Acid Against Ultraviolet B-Induced Photoaging in Human Skin Fibroblasts

Synergistic Effect of Madecassoside and Rosmarinic Acid Against Ultraviolet B-Induced Photoaging in Human Skin Fibroblasts

Protective Effect of Orbitides from Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) against Ultraviolet B-induced Photoaging in Zebrafish.

Excessive ultraviolet (UV) exposure is the primary environmental factor that contributes to skin aging. Orbitides have been considered as important functional components in linseed, and they are complex and multiple. In this study, linseed orbitides (LOs) were divided into oxidized linseed orbitides (OLOs) and reduced linseed orbitides (RLOs) and used to investigate protection against ultraviolet B-induced photoaging in zebrafish. First, the results of the zebrafish embryo acute toxicity test showed that the OLOs had obvious embryo toxicity compared with RLOs. And RLOs had better effect in ultraviolet B-treated zebrafish, which may significantly reduce the reactive oxygen species levels and inhibit the degradation of collagen. Besides, we also found that RLOs could effectively inhibit the oxidation of proteins and lipids and regulate the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, neutrophil recruitment to the dorsal and caudal fin regions was observed in UVB-treated zebrafish, and RLOs effectively alleviated this migration. In conclusion, RLOs have strong photoprotective effects and potential to be used as antiphotoaging ingredients.

Protective effects of Evodiae Fructus extract against ultraviolet-induced MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression in human dermal fibroblasts

Evodiae Fructus (EF) has been used as a traditional medicine for abdominal pain, headache, bleeding, and menorrhea in Asian countries. However, the effect of EF extract (EFE) on ultraviolet (UV)B-induced photoaging remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)−1 and MMP-3 expression in primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). In HDFs, the expression of MMP-1, MMP-3 and pro-collagenA2 were analyzed using western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The phosphorylation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activator protein (AP)−1 were assessed using western blotting. Results showed that EFE reduced UVB-induced MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression, and this effect was mediated by the inhibition of MAPK/NF-κB and AP-1 activation. Moreover, EFE prevented UVB-induced inhibition of collagen synthesis. Taken together, these results suggest that EFE may have a preventive potential against photoaging.

Echinochrome A Protects against Ultraviolet B-induced Photoaging by Lowering Collagen Degradation and Inflammatory Cell Infiltration in Hairless Mice.

Echinochrome A (Ech A, 7-ethyl-2,3,5,6,8-pentahydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) has been known to exhibit anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. However, no study has been carried out on the efficacy of Ech A against skin photoaging; this process is largely mediated by oxidative stress. Six-week-old male SKH-1 hairless mice (n = 36) were divided into five groups. Except for a group that were not treated (n = 4), all mice underwent ultraviolet-B (UVB) exposure for 8 weeks while applying phosphate-buffered saline or Ech A through intraperitoneal injection. UVB impaired skin barrier function, showing increased transepidermal water loss and decreased stratum corneum hydration. UVB induced dermal collagen degeneration and mast cell infiltration. Ech A injection was found to significantly lower transepidermal water loss while attenuating tissue inflammatory changes and collagen degeneration compared to the control. Furthermore, Ech A was found to decrease the relative expression of matrix metalloproteinase, tryptase, and chymase. Taken together, these results suggest that Ech A protects against UVB-induced photoaging in both functional and histologic aspects, causing a lowering of collagen degradation and inflammatory cell infiltration.

Inhibitory effect of Mojaban (Sargassum fulvellum) extract on ultraviolet B-induced photoaging in hairless mouse skin

Inhibitory effect of Mojaban (Sargassum fulvellum) extract on ultraviolet B-induced photoaging in hairless mouse skin

Protective effects of polymethoxyflavone-rich cold-pressed orange peel oil against ultraviolet B-induced photoaging on mouse skin

Abstract The protective effects of the topical application of orange peel cold-pressed oil (CPO), a rich polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) source, on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin injury were studied. Depilated KM mice were irradiated by UVB at one minimal erythemal dose every day and the treated groups were smeared with CPO before radiation. After two weeks we found that CPO helped to maintain the dermal structure and enhanced serum levels and skin tissue expression of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. In serum CPO lowered interleukin-6/-1β and tumor necrosis factor α levels; in skin it decreased the levels of type III collagen and H2O2 but increased hydroxyproline and type I collagen. Moreover, the skin expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2/9 was downregulated, whereas the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1/2 was upregulated. The above effects followed a dose-dependent manner. Liquid chromatography analysis of irradiated skin tissue showed partial decomposition of PMFs into 5-hydroxy-PMFs.

Areca nut procyanidins prevent ultraviolet light B-induced photoaging via suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinases in mouse skin

Chronic exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) light induces photoaging in human skin. Our previous results have shown that areca nut procyanidins (ANPs) have antioxidant capacity and possess potential anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of ANPs on UVB-induced photoaging. In the present study, dorsal skin of CD-1 mice was exposed to UVB at a minimal erythema dose (130 mJ/cm2) throughout a 3-week period. The effects of ANPs and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenolic constituent of green tea, on UVB-induced photoaging were compared. The results show that oral administration of ANP prevented UVB-induced photoaging, indicated by epidermal thickness and collagen disorientation, and inhibited UVB-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), such as MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP1. The protective potential of ANP on UVB-induced photodamage was comparable to that of EGCG. These data suggest that ANP could be useful as a dietary supplement to attenuate solar UVB-induced premature skin aging.

Protective effect of sulfated polysaccharides from a Celluclast-assisted extract of Hizikia fusiforme against ultraviolet B-induced photoaging in vitro in human keratinocytes and in vivo in zebrafish

Our previous study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of sulfated polysaccharides from a Celluclast-assisted extract of Hizikia fusiforme (HFPS). The results indicate that HFPS possesses potent antioxidant activity and suggest the potential use of HFPS to combat photoaging. In this study, we investigated the ultraviolet (UV) protective effect of HFPS in vitro in keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and in vivo in zebrafish. The results indicate that HFPS significantly reduced the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improved the viability of UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. In addition, HFPS remarkably decreased apoptosis formation in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner. The in vivo test results also demonstrate that HFPS significantly reduced intracellular ROS levels, cell death, NO production, and lipid peroxidation levels in UVB-irradiated zebrafish in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that HFPS possesses strong in vitro and in vivo UV-protective effects, making it a potential ingredient in the cosmeceutical industry.

Alleviation of Ultraviolet B-Induced Photoaging by 7-MEGATM 500 in Hairless Mouse Skin

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 7-MEGA™ 500 on the improvement of skin aging in an UVB-induced photo-aging model of hairless mice. The dorsal skin of hairless mice was exposed to UVB three times a week for 12 weeks to induce skin wrinkle. After inducing the wrinkle, 7-MEGA™ 500 was orally administered once a day for 4 weeks. Skin thickness, skin barrier function, and wrinkle indicators were improved by treatment with 7-MEGA™ 500. Both gene and protein expression levels of MMP-3 and c-Jun in skin were significantly decreased by 7-MEGA™ 500. Therefore, the intake of 7-MEGA™ 500 is thought to have a positive effect on the improvement of skin aging, although further studies are needed.

Protective Effects of C24 Ceramide From the Seeds of Brassica napus L. Against Ultraviolet B-Induced Photoaging in Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces skin photoaging, which is associated with the elevation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and the decrease of collagen. Brassica napus plays a well-known role in the treatment of canola oil through their anti-oxidative and DNA protective properties. However, their skin protective activity toward UVB-induced damage remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of C24 ceramide from B. napus on UVB-irradiated normal human dermal fibroblasts. Our results show that C24 ceramide enhanced NHDFs cell migration. The UVB-induced increase in MMP-1 and decrease in type I procollagen were ameliorated by C24 ceramide treatment. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that C24 ceramide from B. napus could reduce UVB-induced photoaging.

Protective effect of the Rubus chingii Hu. fruit extract on ultraviolet B-induced photoaging via suppression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in vitro

Rubus chingii Hu. is an important traditional Chinese medicine with a beneficial effect on the kidney. Traditional Chinese medicine theory believes that supporting the kidney has a key role in anti-aging. To the best of our knowledge, the anti-photoaging activity of Rubus chingii Hu. has not been investigated. We investigated the anti-photoaging effects and the underlying mechanism of the ethyl acetate fraction of Rubus chingii Hu. fruit ethanol extract (E-EA) in UVB-induced human fibroblasts (HFF-1). Our results show that E-EA (10-40 ?g/mL) displayed preventive and therapeutic effects on UVB-induced cytotoxicity in HFF-1 cells. E-EA also presented significant anti-photoaging properties in UVB-induced HFF-1 cells by decreasing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibiting matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP-1) production and promoting type-I procollagen production via suppression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. These results suggested that E-EA might be a promising anti-photoaging agent to protect the skin from UVB damage, with a potential application in cosmetics.

Protective Effects of Euphrasia officinalis Extract against Ultraviolet B-Induced Photoaging in Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces skin photoaging, which is associated with the elevation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the impairment of collagen. The Euphrasia species play a well-known role in the treatment of certain eye disorders through their anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. However, their protective activity toward UVB-induced damage remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of Euphrasia officinalis (95% ethanol extract) on UVB-irradiated photoaging in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). Our results show that Euphrasia officinalis extract exhibited obvious reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, enhanced NHDF cell migration, and reduced UVB-induced apoptosis. The UVB-induced increases in MMP-1 and MMP-3 and decrease in type I procollagen were ameliorated by Euphrasia officinalis treatment, which worked by suppressing the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1) signaling pathways. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that Euphrasia officinalis ethanol extract could reduce UVB-induced photoaging by alleviating oxidative stress, proinflammatory activity, and cell apoptosis.

Resveratrol protects HaCaT cells from ultraviolet B-induced photoaging via upregulation of HSP27 and modulation of mitochondrial caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway

The skin is the outermost protective barrier between the internal and external environment in humans. Chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major cause of photoaging. Evidence suggests that resveratrol suppresses UVB-induced photoaging. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of resveratrol against UVB-induced photoaging in HaCaT cells and to determine the underlying mechanisms. Apoptosis of normal or HSP27-overexpressing HaCaT cells in the presence of UVB was analyzed by flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expression levels were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. Resveratrol inhibited UVB-induced apoptosis by upregulating the expression of HSP27, reducing the production of proapoptotic proteins such as p65, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3, and promoting the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. However, UVB irradiation on HaCaT cells pretreated with resveratrol led to the upregulation of Bax, downregulation of Bcl-2, and promotion of p65 and caspase-3 activation after silencing of HSP27 gene. These findings suggest that the inhibition of HSP27 expression can partially reverse the anti-apoptotic effect of resveratrol and confirm that resveratrol can regulate HSP27 and thus control p65 and caspase-3 activation. In summary, resveratrol plays a role in photoprotection by upregulating HSP27 expression, increasing Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and inhibiting caspase-3 activity and p65 expression.

Rapamycin Protects Skin Fibroblasts from Ultraviolet B-Induced Photoaging by Suppressing the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species

Background/Aims: Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation alters multiple molecular pathways in the skin, thereby inducing skin photoaging. Murine dermal fibroblasts (MDFs) were subjected to a series of 4 sub-cytotoxic UVB doses (120 mJ/cm²), resulting in changes in cell shape, DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, extracellular matrix variations, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and alterations in major intracellular antioxidant and cellular autophagy levels. Rapamycin (RAPA) is a new macrolide immunosuppressive agent that is primarily used in oncology, cardiology, and transplantation medicine and has been found to extend the lifespan of genetically heterogeneous mice. Several studies have shown that RAPA may have anti-aging effects in cells and organisms. Thus, in this study, we explored the effects and mechanisms of RAPA against the photoaging process using a well-established cellular photoaging model. Methods: We developed a stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) model through repeated exposure of MDFs to ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. The cells were cultured in the absence or presence of RAPA for 48 h. Senescent phenotypes were assessed by examining cell viability, cell morphology, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) expression, cell cycle progression, intracellular ROS production, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) synthesis and degradation, extracellular matrix (ECM) component protein expression, alterations in major intracellular antioxidant levels, and the cellular autophagy level. Results: Compared with the UVB group, pretreatment with RAPA (5 µM) significantly decreased the staining intensity and percentage of SA-β-gal-positive cells and preserved the elongated cell shape. Moreover, cells pretreated with RAPA showed inhibition of the reduction in the type I collagen content by blocking the UVB-induced upregulation of MMP expression. RAPA also decreased photoaging cell cycle arrest and downregulated p53 and p21 expression. RAPA application significantly attenuated irradiation-induced ROS release by modulating intracellular antioxidants and increasing the autophagy level. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that RAPA elicited oxidative damage in vitro by reducing ROS accumulation in photoaged fibroblasts. The anti-aging effect can be attributed to the maintenance of normal antioxidant and cellular autophagy levels. However, determination of the definitive mechanism requires further study.

A Combination of Soybean and Haematococcus Extract Alleviates Ultraviolet B-Induced Photoaging.

Soybean-derived isoflavones have been investigated for their preventative effects against UV-induced symptoms of skin damage including wrinkle formation and inflammation. Haematococcus pluvialis is a freshwater species of Chlorophyta that contains high concentrations of the natural carotenoid pigment astaxanthin. Astaxanthin is known to be involved in retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signaling and previously been associated with the inhibition of activator protein (AP)-1 dependent transcription. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that a combination of soy extract (SE) and Haematococcus extract (HE) may prevent UVB-induced photoaging through specific signaling pathways, as measured by UVB-induced wrinkling on hairless mice skin and expression changes in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). The 1:2 ratio of SE and HE mixture (SHM) showed the optimal benefit in vivo. SHM was found to inhibit wrinkle formation via the downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 mRNA and protein expression. SHM also inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and the transactivation of AP-1 which plays an important role in regulating MMP expression. These results highlight the potential for SHM to be developed as a therapeutic agent to prevent UVB-induced skin wrinkling.

Topical application of spent coffee ground extracts protects skin from ultraviolet B-induced photoaging in hairless mice.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of spent coffee ground (SCG) on ultraviolet (UV) B-induced photoaging in hairless mice. The oil fraction (OSCG) and ethanol extract (ESCG) of SCG were prepared from SCG. OSCG contained a much higher level of caffeine (547.32 ± 1.68 μg mg(-1)) when compared to the sum of its chlorogenic acid derivatives (∼119 μg mg(-1)), and pyrazines were the major aromatic compounds in OSCG. OSCG effectively inhibited the UVB-induced increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species in HaCaT cells. Topical application of OSCG or ESCG significantly reduced the UVB-induced wrinkle formation in mice dorsal skin. The combined application of OSCG and ESCG (OEH) led to a decrease in the wrinkle area by over 35% when compared with the UVB-treated control (UVBC). Epidermal thickness was also reduced by 40%. This result was connected to the significant reduction in transdermal water loss (27%) and erythema formation (48%) that result from UVB irradiation. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) and antibody-based histological analyses showed that OSCG and ESCG effectively suppressed the UVB-induced decrease in collagen content. The level of type 1 collagen (COL1) in the OEH group was enhanced by around 40% compared with the UVB control group (UVBC). This was attributed to the down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2, 9, and 13), which are known to be responsible for collagen destruction. Our results indicate that topical treatment with OSCG/ESCG protects mouse skin from UVB-induced photoaging by down-regulating MMPs; therefore, suggesting the potential of SCG extracts as a topical anti-photoaging agent.

Integrated skin, liver, and serum metabolomics on the influence of green tea in ultraviolet B-induced photoaging mice model

Integrated skin, liver, and serum metabolomics on the influence of green tea in ultraviolet B-induced photoaging mice model

Spent coffee ground extract suppresses ultraviolet B-induced photoaging in hairless mice

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of spent coffee ground (SCG) ethanol extract on UVB-induced skin aging in hairless mice. An ethanol extract of SCG (ESCG) was prepared using the residue remaining after extraction of oil from roasted SCG. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the content of caffeine (41.58±0.54μg/mg) was higher than that of chlorogenic acid isomers (~9.17μg/mg) in ESCG. ESCG significantly decreased the UVB-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species in HaCaT cells. UVB-induced wrinkle formation in mice dorsal skin was effectively reduced by ESCG administration; high dose of ESCG (5g/L) caused the reduction of wrinkle area by 30% compared with UVB-treated control (UVBC). This result correlated with the ESCG-mediated decrease in epidermis thickness (25%). In addition, ESCG administration significantly reduced transdermal water loss (20%) and erythema formation (35%) derived from UVB exposure. Collagen type I (COL-1) level in dorsal skin was effectively recovered by ESCG administration. These results were supported by down-regulation of collagen-degrading matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and 9 (MMP9) expressions. Our results indicate that ESCG protects mouse skin from UVB-induced photoaging by suppressing the expression of matrix metalloproteinases. Our study suggests that ESCG may be anti-photoaging agent.