Abstract
Soybean-derived isoflavones have been investigated for their preventative effects against UV-induced symptoms of skin damage including wrinkle formation and inflammation. Haematococcus pluvialis is a freshwater species of Chlorophyta that contains high concentrations of the natural carotenoid pigment astaxanthin. Astaxanthin is known to be involved in retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signaling and previously been associated with the inhibition of activator protein (AP)-1 dependent transcription. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that a combination of soy extract (SE) and Haematococcus extract (HE) may prevent UVB-induced photoaging through specific signaling pathways, as measured by UVB-induced wrinkling on hairless mice skin and expression changes in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). The 1:2 ratio of SE and HE mixture (SHM) showed the optimal benefit in vivo. SHM was found to inhibit wrinkle formation via the downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 mRNA and protein expression. SHM also inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and the transactivation of AP-1 which plays an important role in regulating MMP expression. These results highlight the potential for SHM to be developed as a therapeutic agent to prevent UVB-induced skin wrinkling.
Highlights
As life expectancy in a society increases, more individuals choose to invest in improving their appearance and reverse the signs of aging [1]
We found that the oral administration of SE and HE mixture (SHM) reduced UVB-induced wrinkle formation and prevented UVB-induced collagen degradation in the hairless mice
Primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were cultured for 48 h, and the cells were incubated in serum-free Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM) for 24 h, before treatment with various concentrations of SHM (2.5, 5, 10 μg/mL) for 1 h, followed by UVB (0.02 J/cm2) irradiation
Summary
As life expectancy in a society increases, more individuals choose to invest in improving their appearance and reverse the signs of aging [1]. MMP-1 plays an important role in the initiation of UVB-induced wrinkle formation through ECM degradation. We investigated the effects of soy-derived isoflavonoids UV-induced skin damage and the specific molecular targets involved. Based on the previous studies, we hypothesized that soy isoflavones can effectively improve UVB-induced photoaging through specific molecular mechanisms. Oral Administration of SHM Reduces UVB-Induced Skin Wrinkling in Hairless Mice. CCeellllss wweerree pprreettrreeaatteedd wwiitthh SSHHMM aatt tthhee iinnddiiccaatteedd ccoonncceennttrraattiioonnss ffoorr 11 hh,, aanndd tthheenn ffuurrtthheerr ttrreeaatteedd wwiitthh 00..0022. It was observed that SHM exhibits an anti-wrinkle effect by suppressing UVB-induced MMP-1 protein expression and MMP-1 gene transcription in HDFs. The MMP-1 suppression was associated with a reduction in UVB-induced AP-1 expression, a major transcription factor of MMP-1, activity and the MAPK signaling pathway. Further studies are ongoing to determine the precise molecular target responsible
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