Ultrasound Treatment Group Research Articles

A Comparative Study of the Efficacy of Ultrasound Therapy against Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injection in Adhesive Capsulitis: A Randomised Open-label Study

Abstract Introduction: Adhesive capsulitis is idiopathic, progressive, painful, and restricted active and passive shoulder range of motion in patients with normal radiographs. Adhesive capsulitis can be effectively treated by ultrasound therapy, exercise, and intra-articular steroids. Objective: To see the efficacy of ultrasound therapy and intraarticular corticosteroid injection in adhesive capsulitis. And compare the efficacy of ultrasound therapy and intra-articular corticosteroid injection. Materials and Methods: Study Design: A comparative study. Setting: Tertiary care center. Time period:from October 2019 to September 2020. Participants: 80 patients who attended the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation department during the study period, met the inclusion criteria. Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to the intra-articular corticosteroid injection (Group A) and ultrasound therapy treatment (Group B). Main Outcome Measures: Parameters such as the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and range of motion with goniometry. The examination was performed at the 1st visit (0 week) and then 4th, 8th and 12th weeks. Results: At the end of the study, a statistically significant improvement was obtained in all clinical parameters: VAS (P < 0.001), SPADI (P < 0.001) and goniometry (P < 0.001) in both Group A (the intra-articular corticosteroid injection) and Group B (ultrasound therapy treatment). While in combination with therapeutic exercises, the greatest pain improvement was seen in the local corticosteroid injection group, the ultrasound therapy group also showed significant and comparable improvement. Conclusions: Both intra-articular corticosteroid injection and ultrasound therapy were effective in adhesive capsulitis treatment. Thus, ultrasound therapy can be an alternative treatment for adhesive capsulitis, particularly in patients who do not accept injections.

Regulation of Protein Flexibility and Promoting the Cod Protein Gel Formation Using Ultrasound Treatment.

In order to obtain a soft-textured protein gel suitable for the elderly, the cod protein gel was prepared by improving the protein flexibility under ultrasound treatment. It has been found that the increase in ultrasonic power, protein flexibility, particle size, ζ-potential, surface hydrophobicity, and α-helix content of preheated cod protein exhibited an increasing trend. The improvement of protein flexibility promoted uniformity and density of the gel network, water retention, and texture properties. The flexibility of preheated cod protein increased to 0.189, the water holding capacity of the gel reached up to 99.41%, and the hardness increased to 49.12 g, as the ultrasonic power level increased to 400 W. Protein flexibility was correlated well with the cohesiveness of the gel. The storage modulus (G') initially decreased and then increased during the heating-cooling process. The attractive forces forming between the flexible protein molecules during cooling in the ultrasound treatment groups promoted protein self-assembly aggregation and formed the cod protein gel. The gel obtained at 100-400 W could be categorized as Level 6─soft and bite-sized according to the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) framework, indicating that the cod protein gel has potential as an easy-to-swallow diet for the elderly.

Effects of ultrasound treatment on muscle structure, volatile compounds, and small molecule metabolites of salted Culter alburnus fish

This study investigated the effects of ultrasound treatment on the quality of salted Culter alburnus fish. The results showed that with the increasing ultrasound power, the structural degradation of muscle fibers was intensified, and the conformation of myofibrillar protein was significantly changed. The high-power ultrasound treatment group (300 W) had relatively higher thiobarbiturate reactive substance content (0.37 mg malondialdehyde eq/kg) and peroxidation value (0.63 mmol/kg). A total of 66 volatile compounds were identified with obvious differences among groups. The 200 W ultrasound group exhibited fewer fishy substances (Hexanal, 1-Pentene-3-ol, and 1-Octane-3-ol). Compared with control group, ultrasound groups (200, 300 W) contained more umami taste-related amino peptides such as γ-Glu-Met, γ-Glu-Ala, and Asn-pro. In the ultrasound treatment group, L-isoleucine and L-methionine, which may be used as flavor precursors, were significantly down-regulated, while carbohydrates and its metabolites were up-regulated. Amino acid, carbohydrate, and FA (fatty acyls) metabolism products in salted fish were enriched by ultrasound treatment, and those products might ultimately be related to the taste and flavor of salted fish.

BEDA PENGARUH ECCENTRIC EXERCISE DAN PASSIVE STRETCHING PADA PENERAPAN ULTRASOUND TERHADAP PENURUNAN NYERI PENDERITA TENNIS ELBOW TIPE II DI KAMPUS JURUSAN FISIOTERAPI POLTEKKES MAKASSAR

Background : Tennis Elbow is a complaint of pain in the forearm which usually radiates to the dorsum of the hand due to inflammation or non-specific degeneration of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) muscle in the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. It is diagnosed clinically by the sensation of pain and tenderness over the lateral epicondyle of the humerus which is aggravated during dorsiflexion of the restricted wrist.Methods: This type of research is a quasi experiment with a ramdomized pre test-post test two group design. This study consisted of 2 sample groups, namely treatment group 1 which was given Eccentric Exercise and Ultrasound interventions and treatment group 2 which was given Passive Streaching and Ultrasound interventions. The sample of this study were students of the Makassar Health Ministry Polytechnic majoring in Physiotherapy who suffered from Type II Tennis Elbow with inclusion and exclusion criteria in sampling.Results: the mean value of tennis elbow in the First Treatment group (Ultrasound and Eccentric Exercise) is the value of P = 0.012 <0.05 where the pre test is 6.650 ± 1.046 and the post test is 4.150 ± 0.594 with an average difference of 4.49 ± 1.035 which means there is an increase the average Tennis Elbow is 4.49 after intervention (Ultrasound and Eccentric Exercise). The mean value of the Tennis Elbow pre test in the Treatment Two group (Ultrasound and Passive Stretching) had a value of P = 0.022 <0.05 and the pre test value was 4.180 ± 0.925 and the post test was 2.490 ± 1.080 with an average difference of 2.69 ± 1.178, which means that there was an average increase in Tennis Elbow by 2.69 after the intervention (Ultrasound and Passive Stretching). The results of the Mann-Withney test were p <0.05 which means that there was a significant difference in the mean between the first treatment group (Ultrasound and Eccentric Exercise) and the second treatment group (Ultrasound and Passive Stretching). This shows that Ultrasound and Eccentric Exercise are significantly more effective than Ultrasound and Passive Stretching in reducing VAS in Type II Tennis Elbow sufferers.Conclusion: Ultrasound Intervention and Eccentric Exercise have a more significant effect than Ultrasound and Passive Stretching on Reducing Pain in Patients with Type II Tennis Elbow.Keywords: Ultrasound, Eccentric Exercise, Passive Streaching, Type II Tennis Elbow.

Changes of Ca forms and chelate-soluble pectin in cherry tomatoes treated with ultrasound and calcium lactate

The physicochemical properties, polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase activity, calcium form, and structure of chelate-soluble pectin (CSP) in cherry tomatoes were studied. The total calcium and CSP contents for calcium with ultrasound assisted treatment (U + Ca) group were the highest at the end of storage. U + Ca improved the calcium content from 0.6486 g/kg to 07198 g/kg, and enhanced the permeation of Ca2+ into cell walls. Compared to control (CK), ultrasound (U) and calcium (Ca) groups, the fruit firmness of U + Ca group maintained at high level throughout the storage process. Soluble solids content of all groups had no significant difference at the end of storage. Titratable acidity of cherry tomatoes in U + Ca group was higher than that in CK and U groups at day 30. According to CSP structure analysis, its main configuration had no obvious change at the end of storage. Atomic force microscopy and weight average molecular mass analyses confirmed that U + Ca delayed the degradation of CSP. Our results indicated that U + Ca has application potential in maintaining the quality of cherry tomatoes during storage.

Therapeutic Ultrasound for Topical Corneal Delivery of Macromolecules.

PurposeThe objective of this study was to utilize therapeutic ultrasound in enhancing delivery of topical macromolecules into the cornea.MethodsRabbit corneas were dissected and placed in a diffusion cell with a small ultra-red fluorescent protein (smURFP; molecular weight of 32,000 Da) as a macromolecule solution. The corneas were treated with continuous ultrasound application at frequencies of 400 or 600 kHz and intensities of 0.8 to 1.0 W/cm2 for 5 minutes, or sham-treated. Fluorescence imaging of the cornea sections was used to observe the delivery of macromolecules into individual epithelial cells. Spectrophotometric analysis at smURFP maximal absorbance of 640 nm was done to determine the presence of macromolecules in the receiver compartment. Safety of ultrasound application was studied through histology analysis.ResultsUltrasound-treated corneas showed smURFP delivery into epithelial cells by fluorescence in the cytoplasm, whereas sham-treated corneas lacked any appreciable fluorescence in the individual cells. The sham group showed 0% of subcellular penetration, whereas the 400 kHz ultrasound-treated group and 600 kHz ultrasound-treated group showed 31% and 57% of subcellular penetration, respectively. Spectrophotometry measurements indicated negligible presence of smURFP macromolecules in the receiver compartment solution in both the sham and ultrasound treatment groups, and these macromolecules did not cross the entire depth of the cornea. Histological studies showed no significant corneal damage due to ultrasound application.ConclusionsTherapeutic ultrasound application was shown to increase the delivery of smURFP macromolecules into the cornea.Translational RelevanceOur study offers a clinical potential for a minimally invasive macromolecular treatment of corneal diseases.

Effect of Ultrasound Therapy on Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors, CD31 and Functional Recovery After Facial Nerve Injury.

Functional recovery is provided by some neurotrophic factors released from the near vicinity of the injury site. Ultrasound treatment is known to increase neurotrophic factor expression. This study was aimed at determining the effect of ultrasound treatment on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), its receptors and new vessel formation after facial nerve injury. Sixty-four Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (group 1), sham (group 2), facial-facial coaptation (group 3), and facial-facial coaptation and ultrasound treatment (group 4). Animals in each group were evaluated on the 14th and 28th days. Immunohistochemical staining and electrophysiological and gene-level evaluations were performed for the expression of VEGF and its receptors. When the results were evaluated, it was determined that VEGF, VEGFR1 (VEGF receptor 1), VEGFR2 (VEGF receptor 2) and CD31 levels were significantly higher in groups 3 and 4 compared with the control and sham groups. The increase in these values was more prominent after 28 d of ultrasound treatment than all groups. Electrophysiological results revealed similar evident functional improvement in group 4 with decreased latency and increased amplitudes compared with group 3. Our findings suggest that ultrasound treatment might promote injured facial nerve regeneration by stimulating release of VEGF and its receptors and may result in functional improvement.

Application of efficient pre‐treatment by physical fields for improving the taste and flavor of processed chicken enzymatic hydrolysate

In the condiment industry, people usually use enzymatic hydrolyzate to improve the umami of the product, and there are few reports on the umami intensity of the enzymatic hydrolysate. To explore the differences in taste and flavor of the samples pretreated with different physical fields, the chicken was pretreated by ultrasound (US, 600 W, 30 min), infrared radiation (IR, 90°C, 30 min), and radio frequency (RF, 120 mm, 30 min), respectively, and followed by a two-step enzymatic hydrolysis. Results revealed that the chicken enzymatic hydrolyzate after RF pretreatment (120 mm, 30 min) had the best overall taste and stronger umami. The sample treated with 90°C IR has a richer flavor, while there were no significant changes in taste of the 600 W ultrasound treatment group compared with the “control.” Therefore, RF pretreatment (120 mm, 30 min) is more suitable for industrial to produce low cost and high umami chicken enzymatic hydrolyzates. Practical applications In the condiment food industry, people usually use umami-rich enzymatic hydrolysates to improve the umami taste of products. The 120 mm plate spacing radio frequency pretreatment proposed in this study for 30 min before enzymolysis can significantly improve the taste characteristics of the chicken enzymolysate, significantly enhance its saltness and umami, and make the overall taste more harmonious. It provides a certain theoretical basis for the industrial production of low-cost umami-enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis products.

Differences in the Effects of Maitland Technique and Muligan Technique on Pain Changes and Functional Walking in People with Osteoarthritis Knee

Osteoarthritis is an articular cartilage degeneration disease, which generally causes pain when bending the knee, limited knee flexion movement, pain when walking for a long time, difficulty performing prayer movements to sit between two prostrate and unable to perform activities up and down stairs. This study is a quasi experimental study with randomized pre test-post test two group design, aiming to find out the difference in effectiveness between the combination of Ultrasound, Maitland Technique, Theraband exercise and combination of Ultrasound, Muligan Technique, Theraband exercise. Against changes in pain and functional walking in people with osteoarthritis knee, carried out at Poli Physiotherapy Hospital Makassar City, the sample is a knee osteoarthritis patient with a sample number of 14 people divided randomly into 2 groups, namely the treatment group I given ultrasound, theraband exercise and Maitland technique and treatment group II are given ultrasound, theraband exercise and muligan technique. Based on hypothesis testing using the paired sample t test obtained a value of p = 0.000 (p<0.05) in the treatment groups 1 and 2, which means that a combination of Ultrasound, Maitland Technique, Theraband exercise and a combination of Ultrasound, Muligan Technique, Theraband exercise can produce significant pain and functional walking changes. The combination of Ultrasound, Maitland Technique, and Theraband exercise is no more effective than the combination of Ultrasound, Muligan Technique, Theraband exercise against pain changes and functional walking in people with osteoarthritis knee.

Convolutional Neural Network Optimization Algorithm-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Analysis of Chronic Pain Caused by the Myofascial Trigger Point

This study was to explore the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology processed by convolutional neural network (CNN) optimization algorithms in the clinical research of patients with chronic pain caused by myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). Firstly, referring to the traditional iterative algorithm, this study iterated the convolution network and data consistency layer as a whole for several times, which increased the fitting ability of the data consistency layer and network. When it was applied to magnetic resonance examination, it could be concluded that the effect of its reconstruction method was better than the traditional convolution neural network without the data consistency layer. The image edge was clear, and the restoration effect of details was better. 100 patients with chronic neck pain caused by MTrP were collected and divided into an ultrasound treatment group and a local anesthetic drug injection group, with 50 cases in each group. In addition, 50 healthy volunteers were selected. After clinical treatment, the results showed that, after 3 weeks of treatment, the visual analog score (VAS) and the pain rating index (PRI) of the injection group were 3.16 ± 1.14 points and 4.92 ± 1.26 points, respectively; the present pain intensity (PPI) score was 2.06 ± 0.85 points, and the number of pain days per month was 7.73 ± 1.15. After 1 month of treatment, the VSA and PRI of the injection group were 1.24 ± 0.89 and 1.31 ± 0.97, respectively; the PPI score was 1.34 ± 0.65, and the number of pain days per month was 5.34 ± 0.98. In addition, there were 38 cases reaching the level of clinical cure, accounting for 76%. Therefore, all indicators in the injection group were better than those in the ultrasound treatment group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). The results of MRI examination showed that compared with the healthy control group, patients with chronic pain caused by the myofascial trigger point had reduced axial kurtosis (AK), mean kurtosis (MK), and radial kurtosis (RK) in multiple brain areas such as the right parahippocampal gyrus and the right medial prefrontal cortex. In short, chronic pain caused by the trigger point of the myofascial membrane would affect the microstructure of the gray matter of the patient’s brain. In clinical treatment, the efficacy of local anesthetic injection was better than ultrasound therapy.

Preliminary study on the efficacy of ultrasound therapy in the rat model of sepsis

To investigate the possible mechanism of ultrasound therapy in the rat model of sepsis. Seventy-eight male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into Sham group (n = 12), septic model group (n = 22), ultrasound treatment group (n = 22), methyllycaconitine citrate (MLA) combined with ultrasound treatment group (n = 22). In the Sham group, only the abdomen was opened, the cecum was found to be free, without cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). In the septic model group, CLP was used to replicate the septic rat model. After operation, each group of rats were subcutaneously injected with preheated 37 centigrade normal saline. The rats in the ultrasound treatment group were treated with ultrasound [Philips IU22 L9-3 ultrasound instrument and 9 MHz probe were used to break the sequence in the spleen area once every 6 seconds, with 1 second for each time, the mechanical index (MI) was 0.72, and the treatment time was 10 minutes]. In the MLA combined with ultrasound treatment group, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) specific blocker MLA 4 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally 30 minutes before operation, and ultrasound treatment was performed 2 hours after operation. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL-1β, IL-6) in serum of each group were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 24 hours after operation. The 10-day survival rate of each group was recorded, and the symptoms of each group were evaluated by clinical disease score (CDS). The histopathological changes of lung and colon were observed under light microscope. Compared with the Sham group, the 10-day survival rate of rats in the septic model group was decreased significantly [40% (4/10) vs. 100% (6/6)], the CDS was (10.73±2.19 vs. 6.17±0.58) and the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were increased significantly at 24 hours after operation [TNF-α (ng/L): 42.00±8.92 vs. 13.16±3.19, IL-6 (ng/L): 129.37±25.04 vs. 63.99±12.92, IL-1β (ng/L): 254.98±67.27 vs. 76.83±25.39, all P < 0.01]. Compared with the septic model group, the survival rate in the ultrasound treatment group was improved [70% (7/10) vs. 40% (4/10)], but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). The CDS (7.64±2.68 vs. 10.73±2.19) and the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were significantly reduced at 24 hours after operation [TNF-α (ng/L): 16.93±6.02 vs. 42.00±8.92, IL-6 (ng/L): 73.65±24.38 vs. 129.37±25.04, IL-1β (ng/L): 111.86±14.08 vs. 254.98±67.27, all P < 0.01]. Compared with the ultrasound treatment group, the survival rate in the MLA combined with ultrasound treatment group was reduced [60% (6/10) vs. 70% (7/10)], but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). CDS was significantly increased (9.55±2.72 vs. 7.64±2.68), and the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were significantly increased at 24 hours after operation [TNF-α (ng/L): 34.61±7.89 vs. 16.93±6.02, IL-6 (ng/L): 112.92±10.42 vs. 73.65±24.38, IL-1β (ng/L): 212.57±32.16 vs. 111.86±14.08, all P < 0.01]. Microscopically, in the septic model group, the alveolar septum was thickened, a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated, normal pulmonary reticular structure disappeared, and pulmonary interstitium showed obvious hemorrhage and edema, meanwhile, the structure of colonic villi was obviously abnormal, with cells were edema and inflammatory cell infiltration, and the arrangement was disordered, so that the subepithelial space and the top of it fell off. After ultrasound treatment, the thickness of the alveolar interval in rats was similar to that in Sham group, without obvious inflammatory cell infiltration, and the pulmonary reticular structure was relatively intact. At the same time, the morphology of colonic villi was basically normal and orderly, the edema of cell was not obvious, and subcutaneous space and tip fall off were not obvious. After being antagonized by MLA, the rat lung tissue showed thickened alveolar septum, inflammatory cell infiltration, incomplete pulmonary network structure, hemorrhage and edema in the interstitium. The villi structure of the colon was faintly visible, with obvious cell edema and inflammatory cell infiltration, and the arrangement was abnormal. Ultrasound treatment improves the prognosis of septic rats, MLA can reverse the anti-inflammatory effect of ultrasound therapy by antagonizing α7nAChR, suggesting that the protective mechanism of ultrasound in sepsis may be related to activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway mediated by α7nAChR.

Predictive Diagnosis of Neurological Function in Patients with Atherosclerotic Cerebral Arterial Stenosis by Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound Imaging Information Technology

Objective: The purpose of this experiment is to observe the clinical effect of transcranial ultrasound thrombolytic adjuvant therapy, and to provide clinical results for transcranial ultrasound thrombolytic therapy for atherosclerotic cerebral arterial stenosis. in accordance with. Methods: Collected in the Department of Neurology, Brain Hospital of our hospital within 24 hours after the onset from October 2012 to April 2014, DSA and/or MRA, CTA examination confirmed the existence of middle cerebral artery stenosis and evidence of cerebral atherosclerosis, 100 patients with narrow middle cerebral artery as the diagnostic criteria for cerebral infarction. Results: The positive rates of microemboli in the ultrasound thrombolysis group at 7 days and 14 days were 17.00% and 6.00% significantly lower than those in the drug treatment group at 67.00% and 8.30% (P &lt; 0.05); the 7 days and 14 days of ultrasound thrombolysis treatment group Serum high-sensitivity (P &lt; 0.05), and serum C-reactive protein levels in the ultrasound thrombolytic treatment group were significantly lower than those in the drug treatment group (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Transcranial ultrasound thrombolytic adjuvant drug treatment can significantly promote the recovery of neurological function.

A randomized clinical study of the treatment of white lesions of the vulva with a fractional ultrapulsed CO2 laser.

White lesions of the vulva are a common vulvar disease of unclear etiology. Although a variety of treatments have been used to treat the disease in clinical practice, there is currently a lack of effective radical therapies. This study aimed to compare the feasibility and effectiveness of fractional ultrapulsed CO2 laser with that of high-intensity focused ultrasound in the treatment of white lesions of the vulva. A total of 60 patients with pruritus vulvae who were treated at the Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Diseases in our hospital between December, 2017, and December 2018 were enrolled in this study. The possibility of malignant lesions of the vulva was ruled out by histopathological diagnosis following colposcopic biopsy. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: a laser treatment group (group L, n=30) and a focused ultrasound treatment group (group U, n=30). The patients were monitored for changes in signs and symptoms during and after treatment, and the treatment outcomes of the two groups were compared. The local symptoms of pruritus were alleviated by both the fractional ultrapulsed CO2 laser and high-intensity focused ultrasound. The patients in group L had no significant adverse reactions during the operation and needed no special postoperative treatment. The total effective rate in group L was 96.7%. In group U, five patients felt mild burning during the operation, painful blisters arose on the skin of the ablated area, and long-lasting local edema was observed. Seven patients had subcutaneous nodules. The total effective rate in group U was 90.0%. Fractional ultrapulsed CO2 laser is a minimally invasive, effective, and safe treatment for white lesions of the vulva. It causes few complications and does not affect the daily and working life of patients. Therefore, it should be widely applied in clinical practice.

SCIDOT-23. LOW INTENSITY PULSED ULTRASOUND ENHANCES BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER OPENING AND IMPROVES RESPONSE TO IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR GLIOBLASTOMA

Abstract The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a significant obstruction to the delivery of treatments for glioblastoma. Previous studies have demonstrated the use of Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPU) in combination with microbubbles as a safe and therapeutic method for temporary BBB disruption to enhance chemotherapeutic delivery to the tumor and surrounding brain parenchyma. Glioblastoma has minimal T cell infiltration. In this work, we investigated if LIPU sonications (1 MHz, 0.3 MPa, 120 s duration) could enhance T cell delivery to the tumor microenvironment and enhance immunotherapy. NSG mice with established EGFRvIII+U87 tumors were treated intravenously with bioluminescent labeled epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) expressing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells with and without ultrasound BBB disruption. Combining systemic CAR T cell administration with ultrasound BBB disruption, resulted in a significant increase in CAR T cell delivery to the mouse CNS after 12 (p&lt;0.005) and 24 hours (p&lt;0.001) associated with enhanced median survival. In a second murine model of C57BL/6 mice bearing intracerebrally implanted GL261 gliomas, mice treated with anti-PD-1 and ultrasound BBB disruption survived 58 days relative to 39 days of mice treated with only anti-PD-1. Long-term survivors in the anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-1+ ultrasound treatment groups all remained alive after contralateral hemisphere rechallenge with GL261 glioma cells. LIPU-induced BBB disruption increases the delivery of immune therapeutics to the tumor microenvironment with an associated increase in survival and is an emerging technique for enhancing novel therapies to the clinic.

Therapeutic ultrasound-induced insulin release in vivo

We have previously shown that therapeutic ultrasound is capable of stimulating insulin release from pancreatic beta cells, non-invasively, safely and effectively. The aim of this work is to conduct preliminary animal studies to evaluate the feasibility of controlled insulin release in vivo using therapeutic ultrasound. Wild type hIAPP + / + white FVB mice were randomly assigned to either the ultrasound treatment group or the sham group. Mice in the ultrasound treatment group received one five-minute treatment of continuous 1 MHz ultrasound at 1 W/cm2 . Blood samples were collected via tail nick immediately prior to ultrasound application and immediately after ultrasound application. The pancreas was excised for histological analysis using H&E staining. No gross damage—including any burns on the skin—in the treatment area were observed and there was no evidence of skin burning or internal damage of the abdominal organs, especially the pancreas, found during necropsy. As measured by ELISA, the experimental group treated with ultrasound exhibited an increase of 0.43 ng/ml in blood insulin concentration compared to a 0.60 ng/ml decrease in the control group after 5 min (p < 0.01). Our preliminary results show promise in the translational potential of therapeutic ultrasound in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. We expect that our approach, with careful selection of ultrasound parameters, may provide a safe, controlled and targeted stimulation of insulin release from the pancreatic beta cells.

Influence of ultrasound and osmotic dehydration pretreatments on drying and quality properties of persimmon fruit

In this study, the effect of the ultrasound and osmotic dehydration pretreatments before the convective drying of the persimmon fruit was assessed via their drying behavior and quality properties. Ultrasound-assisted osmotic dehydration (30 °C, 45 °Brix) was performed at 35 kHz for 10, 20, and 30 min. Afterward, samples were placed first in 45 then in 70 °Brix sucrose solutions; the solutions were next shaken at 100 rpm. The control group without ultrasound treatment dehydrated osmotically. The samples were dried in a tray drier at a temperature of 60 °C and an air velocity of 1.5 m/s. Ultrasound-assisted osmotic drying treatments increased water loss and sugar gain; moreover, the osmotic dehydration time was shorter than in the untreated group. The ultrasound-assisted osmotic dehydration demonstrated a significantly decreased drying time, increased drying rates, and a 21% increase in effective water diffusivity by 30 min. The ultrasound pretreated osmotic dehydration prior to hot air-drying decreased the total required drying time. The ultrasound-assisted osmotic dehydration affected the rehydration rate and total phenolic content significantly and there was no significant difference between the color change (ΔE, ΔC, and Hue°) of the ultrasound treatment (30 min) group and the untreated group.

Mitigation of Articular Cartilage Degeneration and Subchondral Bone Sclerosis in Osteoarthritis Progression Using Low-Intensity Ultrasound Stimulation

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-intensity ultrasound on articular cartilage and subchondral bone alterations in joints under normal and functional disuse conditions during osteoarthritis (OA) progression. Total of thirty 5-mo-old female Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 5/group): age-matched group, OA group, OA + ultrasound (US) group, hindlimb suspension (HLS) group, HLS + OA group and HLS + OA + US group. The surgical anterior cruciate ligament was used to induce OA in the right knee joints. After 2 wk of OA induction, low-intensity ultrasound generated with a 3-MHz transducer with 20% pulse duty cycle and 30 mW/cm2 acoustic intensity was delivered to the right knee joints for 20 min a day, 5 d a week for a total of 6 wk. Then, the right tibias were harvested for micro-computed tomography, histologic and mechanical analysis. Micro-computed tomography results indicated that the thickness and sulfated glycosaminoglycan content of cartilage decreased, but the thickness of the subchondral cortical bone plate and the formation of subchondral trabecular bone increased in the OA group under the normal joint use condition. Furthermore, histologic results revealed that chondrocyte density and arrangement in cartilage corrupted and the underlying subchondral bone increased during OA progression. These changes were accompanied by reductions in mechanical parameters in OA cartilage. However, fewer OA symptoms were observed in the HLS + OA group under the joint disuse condition. The cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone sclerosis were alleviated in the US treatment group, especially under normal joint use condition. In conclusion, low-intensity ultrasound could improve cartilage degeneration and subchondral sclerosis during OA progression. Also, it could provide a promising strategy for future clinical treatment for OA patients.

THE COMPARISON OF INTERVENTION OF ULTRASOUND AND MUSCLE ENERGY TECHNIQUE WITH ULTRASOUND AND MCKENZIE EXERCISE INTERVENTION ON INCREASING FUNCTIONAL ABILITY IN NON-SPECIFIC LOW BACK PAIN

This study aims to compare ultrasound interventions and muscle energy techniques more effective than ultrasound and McKenzie exercise in improving functional ability in non-specific low back pain cases. The test used is a modified oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire to measure functional pain. Using experimental design with pre-test and post-test group design involved a sample of 32 people divided into 2 groups. Group 1 with ultrasound treatment and muscle energy technique and group 2 with ultrasound treatment and Mckenzie exercise. Hypothesis test results using the independent sample t-test obtained results p = 0,000 with a mean difference in group 1 22,85 (SB 4,348) while group 2 obtained a mean difference of 12,86 (SB 2,797). These results showed that there was a significant difference in the reduction of significant non-specific LBP functional pain between the treatment groups of the muscle energy technique and the McKenzie exercise treatment group.Keywords: non-specific low back pain, modified oswestry low back pain, disability questionnaire, ultrasound, muscle energy technique, mckenzie exercise

Low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound increases cardiac parasympathetic neural activity and decreases clinic hypertension in elderly hypertensive subjects with type 2 diabetes

BackgroundThe aims of the present study were to determine the effects of an ultrasound irradiation on clinic hypertension and the heart rate variability in elderly hypertensive subjects with type 2 diabetes. MethodsWe examined the effects of ultrasound (800 kHz, 25 mW/cm2) applied to the forearm for 10 min on the autonomic nerve activity and the difference between BP at home and at a clinic visit in Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. ResultsIn 108 subjects who displayed systolic BP (SBP) >140 mm Hg at a clinic visit, 75 subjects (69%) had a mean SBP <135 mm Hg at home and 33 subjects (31%) had a mean SBP >135 mm Hg at home in the morning for 14 days. SBP, pulse rate, and pulse pressure in the ultrasound treatment group were significantly lower than the baseline values in these hypertensive subjects with type 2 diabetes, and lower than those of placebo controls independently of SBP at home. In 31 subjects who displayed systolic BP >140 mm Hg at a clinic, standard deviation of all RR intervals and the root mean square of successive differences were significantly higher in the ultrasound treatment group than the baseline values in these hypertensive subjects with type 2 diabetes, and lower than those of placebo controls. ConclusionsThe ultrasound treatment increases the cardiac parasympathetic neural activity and decreases the differences between SBP at home and at a clinic visit in elderly hypertensive subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Accelerates Traumatic Vertebral Fracture Healing by Coupling Proliferation of Type H Microvessels.

Patients with traumatic vertebral fractures often have major associated postoperative morbidities such as healing failure and kyphosis. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (US) has been found to promote bone fracture healing. The objectives of our study were to determine whether low-intensity pulsed US could promote traumatic vertebral fracture healing and to explore its inner mechanisms. A rat model of traumatic vertebral fracture was created and treated with low-intensity pulsed US after surgery. At 4 weeks after surgery, radiographic, micro-computed tomography, and 3-dimensional reconstruction were used to assess the radiologic healing status; a histologic analysis was performed to evaluate the pathologic process and relationship between osteogenesis and type H microvessels. Well-remodeled trabecular meshworks were found in the low-intensity pulsed US treatment group compared to the control group. Micro-computed tomography and 3-dimensional reconstruction revealed more and thicker trabeculae after low-intensity pulsed US treatment. Abundant chondrocytes, a newly formed bone marrow cavity, trabeculae, and microvessels were formed at the fracture sites. More osterix-positive osteoblasts were circling the newly formed bone meshwork and were situated at the interface of chondrocytes in the low-intensity pulsed US treatment group. Type H microvessels were spreading around the newly formed trabecula, bone marrow cavity, osteoblasts, and interface of chondrocytes, with a larger mean vascular density in the low-intensity pulsed US group. Low-intensity pulsed US could accelerate traumatic vertebral fracture healing by temporally and spatially increasing chondrogenesis and osteoblast-induced osteogenesis coupled with angiogenesis of type H microvessels in a rat model of traumatic vertebral fracture.