Ultrasound-guided Central Venous Catheter Insertion Research Articles

Central Venous Catheter Cannulation in Pediatric Anesthesia and Intensive Care: A Prospective Observational Trial.

Currently, ultrasound-guided central venous catheter (CVC) insertion is recommended in pediatric patients. However, the clinical practice may vary. The primary aim of this study was the overall success rate and the first attempt success rate in ultrasound-guided CVC insertion versus anatomic-based CVC insertion in pediatric patients. The secondary aim was the incidence of associated complications and the procedural time. The physician could freely choose the cannulation method and venous approach. Data were collected for 10 months. Overall, 179 patients were assessed for eligibility and 107 patients were included. In almost half of the patients (48.6%), the percutaneous puncture was performed by real-time ultrasound navigation. In 51.4% of the patients, the puncture was performed by the landmark method. The overall success rate was 100% (n = 52) in the real-time ultrasound navigation group, 96.4% (n = 53) in the landmark insertion group, (p = 0.496). The first percutaneous puncture success rate was 57.7% (n = 30) in the real-time ultrasound navigation group and 45.5% (n = 25) in the landmark insertion group, (p = 0.460). The data show a higher overall success rate and the first success rate in the US-guided CVC insertion group, but the difference was not statistically significant.

Safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided central venous catheter insertion in critically ill children.

Objective: to evaluate safety and efficacy of ultrasound guided cvc insertion in picu of resource-limited, public-sector children hospital. Study Design: Prospective Observational study. Setting: National Institute of Child Health. Period: March 2020 to September 2020. Material & Methods: We prospectively conducted this study after the IRB approval. Parental consent was obtained. All procedures were done under aseptic precautions with central line insertion checklist according to guidelines of ultrasound guided CVC insertion. We use 8hz linear probe of ultrasound to localize internal jugular vein or femoral veins and needle insertion done under real-time us. The data was collected on structured proforma, including age, gender, weight, admitting diagnosis, size of CVC, success rate. Results: Out of 360,72 (20.20%) required CVC placement during study period of 06 months. The mean age was 7.0±3.53 years with range of (1-15 years). We categorized the patients into three groups 0.1-3 (infant & toddler group) 3-10 (school aged group) 10-15 (adolescent group%). Out of 72 cannulations, 68 (94.4%) were successful in 1st prick, while other 04 (5.6%) were in 2nd prick. Conclusion: Ultrasound guided CVC insertion is easy to perform, safe and highly effective in critically ill children.

Feasibility of Wire-in-Needle Technique for Ultrasound-Guided Central Venous Catheter Insertion in a Pediatric ICU.

ObjectiveFor further evaluating the feasibility and safety of wire-in-needle (WIN) technique application for ultrasound-guided central venous catheter (USG-CVC) insertion in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).MethodsWe prospectively monitored all patients who underwent central line insertion guided by ultrasound from March 2018 to March 2019. An independent nurse recorded the patient's age, gender, weight and BMI, diagnosis, indication for insertion, blood pressure state, insertion time, line size, number of pricks, and arterial punctures.ResultsA central line was inserted in 141 patients. The author applied the WIN technique in 16 patients, while in 125 patients, the central line was inserted via the traditional technique. The success rate was 100% for the WIN technique arm with zero arterial pricks, and the mean number of needle pricks was 1.1. For the traditional technique arm, the success rate was 90% with three arterial pricks. The mean number of needle pricks was 1.38. The insertion time was 86.25 seconds and 304 seconds for the WIN technique and the standard technique, respectively; this difference was statistically significant (p <0.001).ConclusionThe WIN technique is feasible and could provide a safe and relatively fast alternative technique for real-time USG-CVC insertion in the PICU. The WIN technique is feasible and not inferior to the standard short-axis technique. A good level of experience related to USG-CVC insertion provides a safe and rapid alternative technique for real-time USG-CVC insertion in the PICU.

Effectiveness of Implementing Simulation-based Education with Flipped Classroom in Ultrasound-guided Vascular Access

Purpose: Post-graduate trainees are expected to perform the clinical procedures of central venous catheter (CVC) insertion during their post-graduate year training (PGY). However, it is not one of the 81 minimal required clinical skills for medical graduates in Taiwan. Performing CVC insertion carries a certain level of risk of hemothorax, pneumothorax, and arterial puncture injuries. Studies have shown ultrasound-guided vascular access can minimize the number of punctures and the occurrence of complications. Therefore, it is somewhat important to utilize simulation-based education to introduce ultrasound-guided vascular access in general medicine training. Methods: This course used the flipped classroom model, included 18 PGY trainees during March 2020. Trainees were required to complete an online course and a written test before entering the practical session, which used the workshop model to deconstruct the four steps of ultrasound-guided vascular access. After completing the course, the trainee must finish the online written test and fill out a satisfaction survey. We used pair-t test to compare the pre-test and post-test to evaluate the effectiveness of this educational strategy. Results: The average trainees' satisfaction level towards the course is as high as 5.00. The mean test score improved from the pre-test, 52.2, to the post-test, 75.56, which is statistically significant. Especially the poke step after deliberate hand-on practice. Trainees have notably improved their learning effectiveness through high-fidelity simulation practices. Conclusions: Efficiency through simulation-based education for ultrasound-guided vascular access is excellent. The trainees can successfully perform ultrasound-guided central venous catheter insertion, and the level of improvement is also noticeable.

Immersive Video Modeling Versus Traditional Video Modeling for Teaching Central Venous Catheter Insertion to Medical Residents

Background Central Venous Catheter (CVC) placement is a common critical care procedure. Simulated practice has been shown to reduce its iatrogenic complications. Video modeling (VM) is an instructional adjunct that improves the quality and success of CVC insertion. Immersive VM can improve recall and skill translation, but its role in teaching medical procedures is not established.Research question/hypothesisWe hypothesized that, relative to traditional VM, immersive VM would decrease cognitive load and enhance ultrasound-guided CVC insertion skill acquisition.MethodsThirty-two resident physicians from four specialties were randomized into traditional (control) or immersive VM (intervention) groups for three CVC training sessions. Cognitive load was quantified via NASA Task Load Index (TLX). Mean (± standard deviations) values were compared using two-tailed t-tests. Skill acquisition was quantified by procedural time and the average 5-point [EM1] [TB2] entrustment score of three expert raters.ResultsOverall entrustment scores improved from the first (3.44±0.98) to the third (4.06±1.23; p<0.002) session but were not significantly different between the control and intervention groups. There were no significant differences between NASA TLX scores or procedural time.ConclusionWe found no significant difference in entrustment, cognitive load, or procedural time. Immersive VM was not found to be superior to traditional VM for teaching CVC insertion.

Novel Simulation Model That Realizes Arterial and Venous Blood Flow for Ultrasound-Guided Central Venous Catheter Insertion in Children.

Objective: We developed and validated a realistic simulation model for ultrasound-guided central venous catheter insertion in children that is easy to build and inexpensive and can automatically reproduce arterial and venous blood flow. Methods: The simulation model was constructed with a chicken breast, two DWP-385 water pumps, two types of tubes and a controller. An elastic rubber tourniquet and a silicone tube were connected to each water pump, which generated different continuous flows mimicking those of the pediatric internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein, respectively. Both tubes were inserted into a piece of chicken breast and connected to the controller. Then, we provided a simulation program of ultrasound-guided central venous catheter insertion using our novel model to resident emergency medicine physicians. We also collected data on their knowledge and confidence levels regarding the procedure before and after the simulation via questionnaires utilizing a 5-point Likert scale. Results: The flow patterns of the artery and vein were well demonstrated with our model. A total of 11 resident physicians were enrolled. The knowledge and confidence regarding the discrimination of arteries and veins were significantly improved after training with our simulation model (p-value < 0.01). The subjective similarity and usefulness of our model also scored high on the questionnaire (median: 4; interquartile range in both categories: 4–5). Conclusion: Our novel simulation model is useful and realistic for ultrasound-guided central venous catheter insertion training. Clinical impact: This controlled motor system can be applied to many simulation models of artery and vein circulation.

Longitudinal trends using a point-of-care gelatin-based model for ultrasound-guided central venous catheter insertion

ABSTRACT Ultrasound (US)-guided central venous catheter (CVC) insertion is a procedure that carries the risk of significant complications. Simulation provides a safe learning atmosphere, but most CVC simulators are not available outside of simulation centers. To explore longitudinal trends in US-guided CVC insertion competency in internal medicine (IM) interns, we studied the use of a low-fidelity, gelatin-based, US-guided CVC insertion simulation model combined with a simulation curriculum. This prospective observational study of IM interns was performed over the course of one academic year. Interns (n = 56) underwent model-based, US-guided procedure simulation training program and a repeated training course prior to their intensive care unit (ICU) rotation. CVC insertion competency at different timepoints was recorded. Survey data about intern experience and attitudes were also collected. Out of the 56 interns initially trained, 40 were included in the final analysis. Across all outcomes, interns experienced skill atrophy between initial training and the beginning of their ICU month. However, by the end of the month, there was a significant improvement in competency as compared to initial procedural training, which then waned by the end of the intern year. Attitudes toward the model were generally positive and self-reported confidence improved throughout the course of the year and correlated with objective measures of competency. Over the course of their intern year, which included simulation training using a gelatin-based model, interns demonstrated consistent competency trends. The use of a gelatin-based CVC insertion simulation model warrants further study as an adjunctive aid to existing simulation training.

Routine chest X-ray following ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein catheterization in critically ill children: A prospective observational Study.

Recent studies in adults have shown that routine chest X-ray following ultrasound-guided central venous catheter insertion through the internal jugular vein is unnecessary due to a low rate of complications. To assess the usefulness of routine chest X-ray following ultrasound-guided central venous catheter insertion through the internal jugular veins in critically ill children. A prospective observational study was conducted at a pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary, university-affiliated pediatric medical center. All children under the age of 18 who underwent ultrasound-guided central venous catheter insertion through the right or left internal jugular vein between May 2018 and November 2019 were evaluated for eligibility. Procedures were prospectively documented, and chest X-ray was screened for pneumothorax, hemothorax, central venous catheter tip position, and resultant corrective interventions. Of 105 central venous catheter insertion attempts, 99 central venous catheters (94.3%) were inserted. All were located within the venous system. None were diagnosed with pneumo/hemothorax on chest X-ray. Twenty (20.2%; 95% CI 12.8%-29.5%) were defined as malpositioned by strict criteria; however, only one (1%) was judged significantly misplaced by the clinical team leading to its repositioning. In this critically ill pediatric cohort, all central venous catheters inserted under ultrasound guidance could have been used with safety prior to acquiring chest X-ray. Overall chest X-ray impacted patient management in only 1% of cases. Our results do not support delaying urgent central venous catheter use pending chest X-ray completion in critically ill children.

Centrally inserted central catheters in preterm neonates with weight below 1500 g by ultrasound-guided access to the brachio-cephalic vein.

Central venous access in critically ill newborns can be challenging. Ultrasound-guided brachio-cephalic vein catheterization is a relatively new procedure, recently introduced in several neonatal intensive care units. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and feasibility of such a technique in preterm babies. Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on ultrasound-guided central venous catheter insertion in preterm neonates. Neonatal intensive care unit. Critically ill preterm neonates with weight below 1500 g requiring a central access. Ultrasound-guided brachio-cephalic vein catheterization. Thirty centrally inserted catheters were placed in 30 neonates. The success rate of the procedure was 100%. No case of accidental arterial or pleural puncture was registered during the study period. The brachio-cephalic vein can be safely catheterized in preterm newborns requiring intensive care after appropriate training.

Ultrasound-guided central venous catheter insertion in pediatric patients

In pediatric patients, central venous catheterization (CVC) is necessary for administration of fluids, drugs, high concentration electrolytes, vasopressors or inotropic drugs, transfusion, intravenous nutrition, and dialysis. Using an anatomical landmark for the CVC insertion may have a low success rate in children due to the positional variation between the deep vein and the landmarks, the small size of body and blood vessels, low insertion frequency, and operator skill. In order to improve the success rate, ultrasound guided CVC insertion is recommended in critically ill children. It is also expected to reduce mechanical complications, which are more common with subclavian CVC insertion. However, the association between the insertion site and the infection or thrombosis is unclear. Since thrombosis is relatively common, further studies are needed on the association between the incidence rate and insertion sites. Key Words: Central Venous Catheters; Infections; Pediatrics; Thrombosis; Ultrasonography

Spectrum of invasive critical procedures performed by clinical fellows in the pediatric intensive care unit of a developing country

Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the frequency of invasive critical procedures (ICPs) performed by pediatric critical care medicine (PCCM) fellows during their training period.Design: This was a retrospective study.Setting: This was a multidisciplinary, closed 6-bed pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) staffed by four pediatric critical care physicians.Methods: We reviewed the electronic medical record and logbook of each fellow from January 2018 to December 2019. Two most commonly performed ICPs included in this study were endotracheal intubation and ultrasound-guided central venous catheter (USG-CVC) insertion. Demographic data and details of ICPs performed were collected on a structured data collection sheet. The primary outcome was the frequency of ICPs performed by clinical fellows during the training period and their success rate.Results: Of the total 1080, 352 ICPs were performed on 560 (51.8%) patients by four PCCM fellows during the 2-year period. Only two most commonly performed procedures, i.e., ET-intubation and UG-CVC insertion were included in this study. These ICPs comprised of endotracheal tube placement (52.85%, n = 186) and USG central venous line insertion (47.15%, n = 166). About 64.4% of patients were under 5 years, 56% were male, and 72% were admitted with cardiorespiratory failure. The frequency of endotracheal intubation was 23/fellow/year and USG-CVC insertion was 21/fellow/year and the success rate was >90%.Conclusion: Our clinical fellows performed adequate numbers of endotracheal intubation and USG-CVC insertion to achieve competency of procedural skills during their training period.

Pre- and post-review of a standardized ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization curriculum evaluating procedural skills acquisition and clinician confidence.

To evaluate novice and expert clinicians' procedural confidence utilizing a blended learning mixed fidelity simulation model when applying a standardized ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization curriculum. Simulation-based education and ultrasound-guided central venous catheter insertion aims to provide facility-wide efficiencies and improves patient safety through interdisciplinary collaboration. The objective of this quality improvement research was to evaluate both novice (<50) and expert (>50) clinicians' confidence across 100 ultrasound-guided central venous catheter insertion courses were performed at a mixture of teaching and non-teaching hospitals across 26 states within the United States between April 2015 and April 2016. A total of 1238 attendees completed a pre- and post-survey after attending a mixed method clinical simulation course. Attendees completed a 4-h online didactic education module followed by 4 h of hands-on clinical simulation stations (compliance/sterile technique, needling techniques, vascular ultrasound assessment, and experiential complication management). The use of a standardized evidence-based ultrasound-guided central venous catheter curriculum improved confidence and application to required clinical tasks and knowledge across all interdisciplinary specialties, regardless of level of experience. Both physician and non-physician groups resulted in statistically significant results in both procedural compliance (p < 0.001) and ultrasound skills (p < 0.001). The use of a standardized clinical simulation curriculum enhanced all aspects of ultrasound-guided central venous catheter insertion skills, knowledge, and improved confidence for all clinician types. Self-reported complications were reported at significantly higher rates than previously published evidence, demonstrating the need for ongoing procedural competencies. While there are growing benefits for the role of simulation-based programs, further evaluation is needed to explore its effectiveness in changing the quality of clinical outcomes within the healthcare setting.

Effect of ultrasound-guided central venous catheter insertion on the incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections and mechanical complications

BackgroundCentral venous catheters (CVCs) are necessary for critically ill patients, including those with hematological malignancies. However, CVC insertion is associated with inevitable risks for various adverse events. Whether ultrasound guidance decreases the risk of catheter-related infection remains unclear.MethodsWe observed 395 consecutive CVC insertions between April 2009 and January 2013 in our hematological oncology unit. Because the routine use of ultrasound guidance upon CVC insertion was adopted based on our hospital guidelines implemented after 2012, the research period was divided into before December 2011 (early term) and after January 2012 (late term).ResultsUnderlying diseases included hematological malignancies and immunological disorders. In total, 235 and 160 cases were included in the early- and late term groups, respectively. The median insertion duration was 26 days (range, 2–126 days) and 18 days (range, 2–104 days) in the early- and late term groups, respectively. The internal jugular, subclavian, and femoral veins were the sites of 22.6, 40.2, and 25.7% of the insertions in the early term group and 32.3, 16.9, and 25.4% of the insertions in the late term group, respectively. The frequency of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) was 1.98/1000 catheter days and 2.17/1000 catheter days in the early- and late term groups, respectively. In the subgroup analysis, the detected causative pathogens of CRBSI did not differ between the two term groups; gram-positive cocci, gram-positive bacilli, and gram-negative bacilli were the causative pathogens in 68.9, 11.5, and 14.8% of the cases in the early term group and in 68.2, 11.4, and 18.2% of the cases in the late term group, respectively. In the multivariate analysis to determine the risk of CRBSI, only age was detected as an independent contributing factor; the indwelling catheter duration was detected as a marginal factor. A significant reduction in mechanical complications was associated with the use of ultrasound guidance.ConclusionsUltrasound-guided CVC insertion did not decrease the incidence of CRBSI. The only identified risk factor for CRBSI was age in our cohort. However, we found that the introduction of ultrasound-guided insertion triggered an overall change in safety management with or without the physicians’ intent.

Recommendations on the Use of Ultrasound Guidance for Central and Peripheral Vascular Access in Adults: A Position Statement of the Society of Hospital Medicine.

Recommendations on the Use of Ultrasound Guidance for Central and Peripheral Vascular Access in Adults: A Position Statement of the Society of Hospital Medicine.

Ultrasound-guided central venous vascular access-novel needle navigation technology compared with conventional method: A randomized study.

Central venous catheter insertion is a common procedure in the intensive care setting. However, complications persist despite real-time ultrasound guidance. Recent innovation in needle navigation technology using guided positioning system enables the clinician to visualize the needle's real-time position and trajectory as it approaches the target. We hypothesized that the guided positioning system would improve performance time in central venous catheter insertion. A prospective randomized study was conducted in a single-center adult intensive care unit. In total, 100 patients were randomized into two groups. These patients underwent internal jugular vein central venous catheter cannulation with ultrasound guidance (short-axis scan, out-of-plane needling approach) in which one group adopted conventional method, while the other group was aided with the guided positioning system. Outcomes were measured by procedural efficacy (success rate, number of attempts, time to successful cannulation), complications, level of operators' experience, and their satisfaction. All patients had successful cannulation on the first attempt except for one case in the conventional group. The median performance time for the guided positioning system method was longer (25.5 vs 15.5 s; p = 0.01). And 86% of the operators had more than 3-year experience in anesthesia. One post-insertion hematoma occurred in the conventional group. Only 88% of the operators using the guided positioning system method were satisfied compared to 100% in the conventional group. Ultrasound-guided central venous catheter insertion via internal jugular vein was a safe procedure in both conventional and guided positioning system methods. The guided positioning system did not confer additional benefit but was associated with slower performance time and lower satisfaction level among the experienced operators.

Sonography-Assisted Seldinger Wire Technique

Context: In Changhua Christian Hospital (CCH), the urology division is a branch of the surgical department. The urology residents in this division are, on average, off duty for 10 days/month; surgical residents from other divisions usually lack training to practice urology. Therefore, attending urology doctors or visiting urology staff members in CCH branches must be on call during off-duty periods in case a patient is indicated for suprapubic cystostomy. Aims: This study aims to promote a safe and efficient approach to train rotating residents to perform suprapubic catheterization. Subjects and Methods: On the basis of ultrasound-guided central venous catheter insertion, we designed training sessions for suprapubic cystostomy for rotating surgical residents during their urology course. Participants and Methods: From 2016 to 2018, senior residents or attending doctors of urology evaluated the clinical skills of rotating residents by using the direct observation of procedural skills tool before and after the training course. Statistical Analysis Used: Mann–Whitney U-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The trainees were separated into different groups according to their sex, year of residency, and previous urology training in the postgraduate year (PGY). All groups had significant gain scores. Our multiple linear regression analysis revealed a relationship between previous urology training in the PGY and gain scores and between overall pretest score and gain scores. Conclusions: Real-time ultrasound-guided catheterization with a Seldinger wire is a safe and efficient approach to train rotating residents to perform suprapubic catheterization.

Surveying the Literature

Surveying the Literature

Evaluation of a Low-Cost, High-Fidelity Animal Model to Train Graduate Advanced Practice Nursing Students in the Performance of Ultrasound-Guided Central Line Catheter Insertion

Ultrasound-guided central venous catheter insertion (UGCVC) is a commonly performed procedure taught through simulation. The aims of the study were to examine the utilization of an animal model and compare it with two currently used Blue Phantom central line models to determine whether an animal model provides good or better simulated conditions for the performance of UGCVC insertion. Using a randomized cross-over study, 46 advanced practice nursing students were assessed using a task-specific performance tool in their performance of UGCVC insertion on both the animal model and the Blue Phantom models. The number of insertion attempts and time to performance was recorded. A preprocedure survey was used to ascertain their presimulation workshop experience, followed by a postprocedure survey. A cost comparison was completed as a secondary outcome. A comparison was conducted on the performance scores and the postsurvey results between the animal model and the Blue Phantom models. The number of venous access attempts was not significantly different when comparing the three models. A cost comparison showed the total cost of each animal model was US $15.66 as compared with the approximate cost for the Blue Phantom IJ model of US $1500.00 and the Gen I model of US $2700.00. Current Blue Phantom models lack the ability to fully perform all the necessary steps critical to the performance of UGCVC insertion. At a total cost of US $15.66 per model, this study showed that training with an alternative economical model was comparable with more expensive mannequin simulators. The results of this study may serve to guide clinicians and educators who are seeking alternative simulation models to provide skill acquisition.

Is Routine Chest X-Ray After Ultrasound-Guided Central Venous Catheter Insertion Choosing Wisely?: A Population-Based Retrospective Study of 6,875 Patients

A routine chest radiograph (CXR) is recommended as a screening test after central venous catheter (CVC) insertion. The goal of this study was to assess the value of a routine postprocedural CXR in the era of ultrasound-guided CVC insertion. This population-based retrospective cohort study was performed to review the records of all adult patients who had a CVC inserted in the operating room in a tertiary institution between July 1, 2008, and December 31, 2015. We determined the incidence of pneumothorax and catheter misplacement after ultrasound-guided CVC insertion. A logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the potential risk factors associated with these complications, and a cost analysis was conducted to evaluate the economic impact. Of 18,274 patients who had a CVC inserted, 6,875 patients were included. The overall incidence of pneumothorax and catheter misplacement was 0.33%(95%CI, 0.22-0.5) (23 patients) and 1.91%(95%CI, 1.61-2.26) (131 patients), respectively. The site of catheterization was the major determinant of pneumothorax and catheter misplacement; left subclavian vein catheterization was the site at a higher risk for pneumothorax (OR, 6.69 [95%CI, 2.45-18.28]; P< .001), and catheterization sites other than the right internal jugular vein were at a higher risk for catheter misplacement. Expenditures on routine postprocedural CXR were US $105,000 to $183,000 per year at our institution. This study found that pneumothorax and catheter misplacement after ultrasound-guided CVC insertion were rare, and the costs of a postprocedural CXR were exceedingly high. We concluded that a routine postprocedural CXR is unnecessary and not a wise choice in our setting.

초음파 유도하 중심정맥 카테터를 이용한 두경부 농양의 배농 1예

Deep neck infection is an infectious disease that involves in several parts of the neck spaces. It can be accompanied by severe complications such as airway obstruction, deep vein thrombosis and sepsis. Therefore, proper management at initial step is essential for morbidity of patients. Surgical treatment is indispensable in the case of large amount of abscess formation, no response to antibiotic treatment, or poor clinical progression despite of empirical antibiotics therapy. However, a surgical approach can cause not only the injury of carotid artery, jugular vein, cranial nerve, esophagus, salivary gland but also scar formation of skin. We report a case of a 36-year-old female patient successfully treated deep neck infection with ultrasound-guided central venous catheter insertion without scar. (J Clinical Otolaryngol 2017;28:292-296)