Ultrasound-Assisted Hydrodistillation Research Articles

Chemical profiling and spectroscopic studies of leaf volatile oil of Eucalyptus globulus from Botswana isolated by conventional hydrodistillation and ultrasound assisted hydrodistillation

Environmental factors have an influence on the chemistry and percentage recovery of volatile oils. Therefore, the chemical composition of Eucalyptus globulus (E. globulus) volatile oil from Botswana was determined. The volatile oil was isolated from the leaves of E. globulus plant by means of the conventional hydrodistillation and ultrasound assisted hydrodistillation at 50 W and 300 W. The extraction method that gave a better recovery of the volatile oil was ultrasound assisted hydrodistillation at 300 W with a yield of 2.50%. The volatile oil obtained by hydrodistillation and ultrasound assisted hydrodistillation at 50 W had comparable recovery yields of 2.24% and 2.20% respectively. Eucalyptol was identified as the major component in the oil. The amount of eucalyptol present in E. globulus volatile oil extracted by ultrasound assisted hydrodistillation (65%) show that the oil has a potential to be explored for therapeutic purposes.

GC-MS comparative chemical composition of essential oils and volatile compounds of eryngium planum l. using classical hydrodistillation, ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation and headspace solid-phase microextraction. Antimicrobial activity

GC-MS comparative chemical composition of essential oils and volatile compounds of eryngium planum l. using classical hydrodistillation, ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation and headspace solid-phase microextraction. Antimicrobial activity

Chemical constituents and in vitro biological activities of Mentha rotundifolia’s essential oils extracted by ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation compared to conventional hydrodistillation

Chemical constituents and in vitro biological activities of Mentha rotundifolia’s essential oils extracted by ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation compared to conventional hydrodistillation

Novel dual-function GC/MS aided ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation for the valorization of Citrus sinensis by-products: phytochemical analysis and anti-bacterial activities

A huge-amount of citrus by-products is being wasted every-year. There is a high-need to utilize these by-products with high-efficiency. This study focuses on the essential oil (EO) isolation from the zest of Citrus sinensis (CS) by-products, using a novel dual-function gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry optimized ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation-prototype (DF-GC/MS-HUS). The CS-EO was GC-analyzed by MS-detector (GC/MS) and optimized by flame-ionization detector (GC/FID). Ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation (HUS) had a dual-function in CS-EO isolation by utilizing an adequate-energy to break-open the oil-containing glands, and by functioning-as a dispersing-agent to emulsify the organic-phase. The most effective DF-GC/MS-HUS optimized-conditions were isolation under 38 °C and 10 min of 28.9 Hz sonication. The main-components of CS-EO were limonene, β-myrcene, and α-pinene (81.32%, 7.55%, and 4.20%) in prototype, compared to (60.23%, 5.33%, and 2.10%) in the conventional-method, respectively. The prototype CS-EO showed natural antibacterial-potentials, and inhibited the bio-film formation by Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and E. coli more-potent than the conventional-method. Compared to conventional-method, the prototype-method decreased the isolation-time by 83.3%, lowered energy-consumption, without carbon-dioxide production, by reducing isolation-temperatures by more-than half, which protected the thermolabile-components, and increased the quantity by 2514-folds, and improved the quality of CE-EO composition and its antibacterial-potentials. Therefore, the DF-GC/MS-HUS prototype method is considered a novel green-technique that minimized the energy-utilization with higher-efficiency.

Ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation for extraction of essential oil from clove buds – A step towards process improvement and sustainable outcome

Ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation was selected for the extraction of essential oil from clove buds. The essential oil yield, eugenol content, and total phenolic content (TPC) were considered the critical response parameters during the parametric study. The effect of various process parameters on the responses has been studied using a one-factor-at-a-time approach followed by optimization of processing conditions using Box-Behnken design (BBD). The proposed model has shown good prediction capability. For the highest essential oil yield (15.23%, w/w), the optimum conditions were achieved at 50 min extraction time, 15 g solid loading, 500 W heating mantle power, 40% amplitude, and 20:40 pulse interval. Under these conditions, the residual water has 101.21 mg GAE/g phenolic compounds and exhibited 85.68% antioxidant activity. The incorporation of sonication in hydrodistillation has substantially improved the process by shrinking the carbon footprint by 25%, reducing the utility consumption to ∼42%, and increasing the oil yield. The outcomes of the present study suggest that ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation can be considered a sustainable and greener option for hydrodistillation.

Chemical constituents and biological activities of the seed essential oil from Michelia tonkinensis grown in Thanh Hoa province, Viet Nam

AbstractEssential oils (EOs) from the seed of Michelia tonkinensis were extracted in four ways hydrodistillation (HD), microwave‐assisted hydrodistillation (MHD), ultrasound‐assisted hydrodistillation (UHD) and enzyme‐assisted hydrodistillation (EHD). The chemical constituents of these EOs were analysed by gas chromatography (GC‐FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Phenylpropanoids were the main components in which safrole is the dominant constituent (82.98‐91.53%), followed by monoterpene hydrocarbons (5.26‐11.94%). In comparison with traditional hydrodistillation method (HD only), the EOs obtained from the MHD, UHD and EHD methods have the higher safrole contents (91.32%, 90.96% and 90.25%, respectively). The essential oils were also tested for their antioxidant, anti‐imflammatory, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. The HD essential oil sample showed inhibitory activity against 6/8 tested microorganisms, i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtillis, Candida albicans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The MHD and EHD exhibited the inhibitory activity against three strains E. coli, A. niger and F. oxysporum. The UHD inhibited E. coli and F. oxysporum.

β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex containing essential oil from wampee [Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels] fruit pericarp: Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antioxidant activity

The essential oil of wampee [Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels] fruit pericarp (WEO) has excellent biological activities. However, it is highly volatile and in poor solubility, limiting its application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This study aimed to synthesize the inclusion complex of WEO and β-cyclodextrin (WEO–β-CD-IC) to overcome its shortcomings. Prepared by using the freeze-drying method, the obtained inclusion complex was characterized by several analytical methods: FT-IR, SEM, TG-DSC, and XRD. Effects of three elements on the WEO extraction yield using the ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation (UAHD) method were also measured. The results of FT-IR and XRD demonstrated the encapsulation of WEO into β-CD. TG-DSC was used to probe the thermostability of WEO obviously improved and the water-solubility of WEO was distinctly enhanced by 14 times after complexing. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging ability of encapsulated WEO demonstrated that the antioxidant capacity was well preserved. These data support further development of making better use of wampee fruit peel essential oil.

Variability in chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Salvia majdae essential oil under various extraction techniques

ABSTRACT Salvia majdae (Lamiaceae) is an aromatic herb of pharmaceutical interest in Iran due to its several biological properties. In the present study, we studied the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of S. majdae essential oil (EO) by comparing several extraction methods, including hydrodistillation (HD), steam distillation (SD), ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation (UAHD), microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) and ohmic-assisted hydrodistillation (OAHD). The major EOs compounds obtained with all methods included linalool (39.4–45.7%) and camphor (30.9–34.3%). The highest EO yield was obtained using HD and MAHD, with 9 and 5% (w/w), respectively. The shortest extraction time (20 Min) was obtained using MAHD. The antibacterial activity of S. majdae EOs was evaluated by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method on a panel of Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens) and Gram-negative (Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Xanthomonas citri and Escherichia coli) bacteria. Notably, the EO obtained by HD demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity.

Kinetic modeling and optimization of musk willow (Salix aegyptiaca L.) essential oil extraction process of using ultrasound assisted hydrodistillation

Kinetic modeling and optimization of musk willow (Salix aegyptiaca L.) essential oil extraction process of using ultrasound assisted hydrodistillation

Antimicrobial and Larvicidal Activities of Different Ocimum Essential Oils Extracted by Ultrasound-Assisted Hydrodistillation.

Infectious diseases and their vectors have remained a concern for human population from their historical origin. Microbial pathogens have also emerged as a potent threat to the healthcare systems even in developed countries. Essential oils remain a less explored method for infectious disease control; besides, the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of essential oil production has emerged as promising source of bioactive volatiles over conventional methods. This study analyzed the possible use of UAE- Essential oils (EOs) from different species of Ocimum plants (Ocimum basilicum (OB), O. gratissimum (OG), O. tenuiflorum (OT), and O. canum (OC)) in the management of microbial pathogens and mosquito larval control. The antibacterial activity was estimated in terms of a disc diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentrations against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enteritidis. The larvicidal property was found using three important mosquito vectors and the LC50 value was determined. Furthermore, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties were estimated in terms of radical scavenging activities and the inhibition of lipoxygenase enzyme activity. The EOs exhibited significant DPPH radical scavenging (high in OG), hydrogen-peroxide scavenging (OB) and lipoxygenase inhibition (OB). The antibacterial activity was high in OB and OG (p < 0.05) and the larvicidal activity was of higher sensitivity against Aedis and Culex, whereas Armigeres was more resistant. However, no sign of toxicity in the Allium cepa model or non-targeted organism Guppy fishes was observed. Overall, the UAE extracted Ocimum essential oils were found to be effective against various human pathogenic microbial organisms, with OB and OG being highly active. Likewise, the EOs was also able to induce mortality in the larval forms of various mosquito vectors.

Simultaneous ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation of essential oil from aerial parts of the Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad and its antibacterial activity

Simultaneous ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation of essential oil from aerial parts of the <i>Satureja khuzistanica</i> Jamzad and its antibacterial activity

Effect of ultrasound‐assisted hydrodistillation on extraction kinetics, chemical composition, and antimicrobial activity of Citrus jambhiri peel essential oil

AbstractCitrus jambhiri processing generates 40% peel waste with considerable waste management constraints. Interestingly, these peels are a rich source of essential oil. Hence, in this study, the essential oil was extracted from fresh peels and peel powder (PP) of C. jambhiri using hydrodistillation (HD) and ultrasound‐assisted hydrodistillation (USHD). Kinetic study, physicochemical, antimicrobial, and chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from PP and fresh peel with albedo (FPA) and without albedo (FPWA) using HD and USHD was studied. The kinetic study was further experimentally validated using the first and second‐order kinetic model. The integrated equations were used to test the fitting of the model with obtained experimental data. Kinetics of oil extraction from PP using USHD showed that extraction process best fitted in second‐order kinetic model with a high coefficient of determination (R2 = .999), yield (3.63%) and extraction rate constant (K2 = 0.0306), showing that it validated the process thoroughly. The physicochemical properties of essential oils obtained from both extraction methods fall within an acceptable range. Specific gravity, acid value, and total phenolic content showed no significant difference between both extraction methods while others differed significantly. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity increased with ultrasound treatment. GC–MS analysis of different oil samples revealed that 10 compounds extracted from each extraction with the highest amount of d‐limonene (61.29%) were obtained from PP using USHD. USHD stands as a fast, efficient, and economical method for extracting essential oil and can be a potential source for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.Practical ApplicationCitrus jambhiri peels are discarded as waste material. Its comprehensive utilization is urgently needed. Essential oil from citrus peels is an important biologically active substance containing tens to hundreds of bioactive compounds with health‐promoting characteristics. Ultrasound‐assisted hydrodistillation is a promising extraction technique to enhance product quality and reduce production time and consumed energy. Application of the novel proposed methods combined with conventional or alternative to increase the extraction rate on an industrial scale could be recommended.

Alternative Extraction Methods of Essential Oil From the Flowers of Citrus aurantium L. Var Daidai Tanaka: Evaluation of Oil Quality and Sedative-Hypnotic Activity

The aim of this study was to analyze the content of hypnotic components in the essential oil from Citrus aurantium flowers (EDD), extracted by different methods, and to characterize its sedative-hypnotic effects. The sedative-hypnotic capacity of EDD was evaluated using pentobarbital-induced sleeping assays, locomotor activity tests and GABAA receptor antagonists. The results showed that EDD extracted by steam and water distillation (SWD), hydrodistillation (HD), and ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation (UHD) had as their main components linalool, linalyl acetate, and limonene, comprising more than 55% of the total peak area. Compared with EDD extracted by HD and UHD, the total content of linalool and linalyl acetate in EDD obtained by SWD was highest, whereas the content of limonene in EDD extracted by the 3 different methods was not different. Oral and intraperitoneal administration of EDD resulted in reduced sleep latency and increased sleep duration of mice, as well as reduced locomotor activity, which was proven by decreases in the total distance travelled, average velocity, number of activities, and central distance. Interestingly, intraperitoneal injection of EDD had better sedative and hypnotic effects than oral ingestion. In vitro assays using SH-SY5Y cells showed that EDD dose-dependently increased Cl− influx, which could be blocked by the GABAA receptor antagonists, picrotoxin, bicuculline, and flumazenil, suggesting that EDD promoted sedative-hypnotic activity by potentiating GABAA receptor-mediated Cl− current responses. Altogether, these results suggest that the important hypnotic-sedative activity of EDD appears to be due to the effects of limonene, and particularly the high contents of linalool and linalyl acetate, which were effectively extracted by SWD.

Ultrasound-Assisted Hydrodistillation of Essential Oil from Celery Seeds (Apium graveolens L.) and Its Biological and Aroma Profiles.

The aim of the research was to increase the efficiency of the hydrodistillation process and determine the volatile composition, biological activity, and aroma profile of essential oil from celery seeds (Apium graveolens L.). The essential oil was extracted from the plant material by ultrasonic hydrodistillation with higher efficiency when compared with classical hydrodistillation. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the impedimetric method for the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and yeast Candida vini as well as moulds Aspergillus niger and Penicillium expansum with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) (μL/mL) values: 30, 10, 20, 3, 30, 40, and 40, respectively. The oil possessed very weak 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant activity with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 81.6 g/L. Initial studies of the aroma profile indicated that the perception of the fragrance of the oil could be related to the sex of the panellists. According to women, the fragrance of celery seeds oil was intense herb-like. From the men’s point of view, it had a fresh, mossy, and mushroom scent.

Enhanced extraction of essential oil from Cinnamomum cassia bark by ultrasound assisted hydrodistillation

Cinnamon essential oil with many bioactivities is an important raw material for the production of various chemicals, and the conventional hydrodistillation (HD) for cinnamon oil extraction always require a longer extraction time. In this work, ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation extraction (UAHDE) technique was employed to enhance the extraction efficiency of essential oils from cinnamon barks. The parameters with significant effects on the essential oil extraction efficiency (ultrasound time, ultrasound power, extraction time, liquid–solid ratio) were optimized, and the proposed UAHDE was compared with the conventional HD extraction in terms of the extraction time, extraction yield, and physicochemical properties of extracted oils. Compared to the HD extraction, the UAHDE resulted in a shorter extraction time and a higher extraction yield. Using GC–MS analysis, the UAHDE provided more valuable essential oil with a high content of the vital trans-cinnamaldehyde compounds compared with the HD. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) confirmed the efficiency of ultrasound irradiation for cinnamon oil extraction. In addition, the analysis of electric consumption and CO2 emission shows that the UAHDE process is a more economic and environment-friendly approach. Thus, UAHDE is an efficient and green technology for the cinnamon essential oil extraction, which could improve the quantity and quality of cinnamon oils.

Optimization, chemical constituents and bioactivity of essential oil from Iberis amara seeds extracted by ultrasound-assisted hydro-distillation compared to conventional techniques

In this study, ultrasound-assisted hydro-distillation (UAHD) extraction of essential oil (EO) from Iberis amara seeds was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum recovery of EO was 0.42 ± 0.05% (v/w) using the optimal extraction parameters (extraction time of 240 min, ultrasonic power of 75 W and solvent-to-sample ratio of 6.7 mL/g). UAHD showed a significantly higher amount of EO compared to the traditional methods hydro-distillation (HD) (0.26 ± 0.07% (v/w)) and steam distillation (SD) (0.19 ± 0.04% (v/w)) (P < 0.05). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed that the seeds were crushed into tiny particles after UAHD, which is believed to facilitate secretion of EO. Subsequently, 28 kinds of compounds were identified by GC–MS for the EOs extracted by UAHD, HD and SD and with similar quantitative characters. The principal constituents were 4-Carvomenthenol (18.75 − 22.13%), Menthone (10.95 − 12.36%), Neodihydrocarveol (9.78 − 11.38%) and α-Curcumene (9.37 − 10.81%). Further study on bioactivity of EO samples was carried out. The oils obtained with the three techniques exerted slightly different but good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, cytotoxicity on human colon cancer cells, as well as antibacterial and anti-feedant effects against Pieris rapae larvea. In conclusion, this study suggests that UAHD is an excellent technology for EO extraction and may have industrial applications. In addition, Iberis amara seed extracts can become more available as a natural resource for food and pharmaceutical industries.

Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil isolated by HS-SPME and UAHD from fruits of bergamot

Bergamot essential oil (BEO), which is extracted from bergamot fruit peel, has many health benefits such as improving blood circulation and anticancer activity. In this paper, volatile components were obtained by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation (UAHD) from the fruits of bergamot (Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis (Noot.) Swingle). The oil yield of BEO from UAHD extraction was 0.48%, which is 118% higher than that of hydrodistillation (HD). The chemical compositions of the volatile components were analyzed using GC-MS. A total of 46 volatile compounds belonging to distinct chemical families were identified. The major components were identified as d-limonene (60.44%), γ-terpinene (20.28%). The biological activities, including antimicrobial activities and antioxidant activities of BEO were detected. The BEO exhibited activities against bacteria and fungi with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the range of 0.78–3.13 μL/mL and minimum bactericidal or fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) values in the range of 1.56–6.25 μL/mL. BEO showed strong activity against E. coli (MIC = 0.78 μL/mL, MBC = 1.56 μL/mL). BEO also showed substantial antioxidant activity based on ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay for reducing power, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay for radical scavenging activity, and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity.

Comparison of Volatile Compounds Profile and Antioxydant Activity of Allium sativum Essential Oils Extracted using Hydrodistillation, Ultrasound- Assisted and Sono-Hydrodistillation Processes

Abstract: Objective: This work aims to evaluate the impact of the use of ultrasound during essential oils extraction from garlic bulbs. Material and methods: The essential oils were extracted by Conventional Hydrodistillation method (HD), Ultrasound-Assisted hydro-distillation (US-HD) and Sono-hydrodistillation (SHD) and compared using yield profile, chemical composition and antioxidant activity. Results: Higher performances were obtained when the direct application of ultrasound were used. Indeed, SHD allowed a higher yield after only 30 min of extraction time against 70 min and 90 min for the US-HD and the HD respectively. Among the total identified compounds by GC/MS, Sulphur compounds were found to be the most abundant with qualitative similarities for the three processes. Essential oils showed a potential DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 0.96, 1.17 and 1.23 respectively for the three HD, US-HD and SHD processes. Conclusion: The use of ultrasound for the extraction of essential oil from garlic reduced extraction time without causing significant changes in volatile composition and antioxidant activity. Keywords: Garlic essential oil, GC-MS, Antioxidant activity, Hydrodistillation, Ultrasound.

Optimization of Extraction Yield of Algerian Mentha pulegium L. Essential Oil by Ultrasound-Assisted Hydrodistillation using Response Surface Methodology

Optimization of Extraction Yield of Algerian Mentha pulegium L. Essential Oil by Ultrasound-Assisted Hydrodistillation using Response Surface Methodology

Comparison of Four Extraction Methods for Essential Oil fromThymus daenensisSubsp.Lancifoliusand Chemical Analysis of Extracted Essential Oil

The air dried aerial parts of Thymus daenensis were subjected to extract the essential oil (EO) using hydrodistillation (HD), ohmic (O), ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation (UAHD) and ultrasound-assisted ohmic (UAO) extraction methods. The influence of applied different extraction methods on extraction parameters, microstructure of oil glands and chemical properties of extracted EO were investigated. Hydrodistillation and ultrasound-assisted ohmic extraction methods showed the longest and the shortest extraction onset time, and ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation and ohmic extraction methods showed the most and the least extraction efficiency (W/W), respectively. Moreover, hydrodistillation and ultrasound-assisted ohmic extraction produced the least and the most essential oils yield, respectively. According to obtained gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of extracted T. daenensis EO based on the method of extraction, quantitatively different, among 37 detected, compounds were observed. Extraction methods showed significant effects on different extraction parameters while ultrasound treatment had no significant effect except on extraction efficiency of hydrodistillation. Practical Application Among the novel extraction methods application of ultrasound and ohmic attracted lots of attentions due to a short time and enough extraction efficiency. Comparison the novel methods and their possible effects of chemical structure of extracted essential oil could provide useful information in the term of possibility of approach about other similar essential oil. Application of the novel proposed methods in combination of conventional or as alternative in order to increase the extraction rate in industrial scale could be recommended.