Ultrasound-assisted Extraction Of Polyphenols Research Articles

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols from lotus rhizome epidermis by alcohol/salt-based aqueous two-phase system: Optimization, extraction mechanism and antioxidant activities

In this study, ultrasonic-assisted (UA) alcohol/salt-based aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) method was constructed to extract lotus rhizome epidermis (LRE) polyphenols. The extraction conditions were optimized as salt concentration 26.75 %, ethanol concentration 25.45 %, ultrasonic power 487 W and liquid–solid ratio 35.33 mL/g by comparing response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) models. Then, l-dopa (2.35 ± 0.036 mg/g dw), gallocatechin (1.66 ± 0.0035 mg/g dw) and epigallocatechin (1.37 ± 0.0035 mg/g dw) were determined as major polyphenols in LRE by using UA-ATPS method. Moreover, study showed that ultrasound, van der Waals force, hydrogen bond and salting out could accelerate the mass transfer and extraction of polyphenols in LRE cells. The high-pressure cavity and collapse effect of ultrasound could also accelerate the extraction of polyphenols. In vitro antioxidant experiments showed that LRE polyphenols have good antioxidant ability. In sum, this study developed a green and efficient extraction method to enhance the profitability of LRE in food and medicine industries.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols from pine needles (Pinus elliottii): Comprehensive insights from RSM optimization, antioxidant activity, UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS analysis and kinetic model

Extracting polyphenolic bioactive compounds from Pinus elliottii needles, a forestry residue, promises economic and environmental benefits, however, relevant experimental data are lacking. Herein, a comprehensive investigation of the polyphenolic composition of pine needles (PNs) was carried out. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) was applied to extract the polyphenolic compounds of pine needles. The optimal conditions of extracts were determined by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The maximum total phenolic content (TPC) of 40.37 mg GAE/g PNs was achieved with solid–liquid ratio of 1:20, 60 % ethanol, and 350 W for 25 min at 45 °C. Polyphenolic extracts showed antioxidant activity in scavenging free radicals and reducing power (DPPH, IC50 41.05 μg/mL; FRAP 1.09 mM Fe2+/g PNs; ABTS, IC50 214.07 μg/mL). Furthermore, the second-order kinetic model was also constructed to describe the mechanism of the UAE process, with the extraction activation energy estimated at 12.26 kJ/mol. In addition, 37 compounds in PNs were first identified by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS, including flavonoids and phenolic acids. The results suggest that Ultrasound-Assisted is an effective method for the extraction of natural polyphenolic compounds from pine needles and this study could serve as a foundation for utilizing phenolics derived from PNs in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Ultrasound assisted extraction of polyphenols from Randia monantha: Optimization, characterization and antifungal activity

Randia monantha is an important source of high-value biological compounds (HVBC) due to its interesting content of phenolic compounds. However, the antifungal activity of HVBC in the extract remains unexplored. Thus, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is a technique respects the sample and achieves high yields. Then, to find the optimal UAE conditions for HVBC extraction, a Box-Behnken design was used. The variables included amplitude (40–60%), time (5–10 min), and ratio sample:solvent (1:10–1:30 g:mL. The response variables were yield, total phenolic content (TPC) and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonate) radical scavenging activity (ABTS+ RSA). Response surface methodology (RSM) revealed that 60% amplitude, 10 min, and 1:30 ratio, produced the extract with the highest yield (11.05 ± 0.23%), TPC (69.26 ± 1.15 mg Gallic Acid Equivalents/g dry sample) and ABTS+ RSA (219.64 ± 6.99 mg Trolox Equivalents /g dry sample). Optimal ethanolic extract evaluated against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Penicillium digitatum showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 17.65 and 20.51 mg/mL, respectively. The important antioxidant activity and phenolic content found in the extract are responsible for the inhibitory effect.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols from Chinese propolis

IntroductionPropolis is a beneficial bioactive food with rich polyphenols content. Nowadays, an increasing interest is attracted to the extraction of polyphenols from raw propolis. This study utilized the novel ultrasound-assisted approach for polyphenol extraction from Chinese propolis, aiming to improve its extraction yield and reveal the relevant mechanisms via extraction kinetic study as well as the compositional and structural analysis.MethodsThe optimum ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions were optimized according to the total phenolic content and total flavonoids content. Compositional and structural analysis were conducted using high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).Results and discussionThe optimum ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions were as follows: ratio of liquid to solid, 60:1; ultrasound power, 135 W; ultrasound duration, 20 min. Under the optimum conditions, the antioxidant activities of the extract were increased by 95.55% and 64.46% by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging ability assay and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging ability assay, respectively, compared to those obtained by traditional maceration. The second-order kinetics model was employed to study the extraction process; it was found that ultrasound significantly accelerated the extraction of propolis and increased the maximum extraction volume of phenolic compounds. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of polyphenol compositions showed that ultrasound did not change the polyphenol types in the extract but it significantly improved the contents of various flavonoids and phenolic acids such as galangin, chrysin, pinocembrin, pinobanksin and isoferulic acid. Likewise, the FT-IR analysis indicated that the types of functional groups were similar in the two extracts. The SEM analysis revealed that the ultrasound-assisted extraction enhanced the contact areas between propolis and ethanol by breaking down the propolis particles and eroding the propolis surface.

The Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Mexican Firecracker (Hamelia patens Jacq.): Evaluation of Bioactivities and Identification of Phytochemicals by HPLC-ESI-MS.

The objective of the present work was to optimize the extraction of phytochemicals from Hamelia patens Jacq. by ultrasound-assisted extraction. Taguchi L9 orthogonal array was used to evaluate the factors solid/liquid ratio (1:8, 1:12, and 1:16), extraction time (10, 20, and 30 min), and ethanol concentration (0, 35, and 70%). Total polyphenols were the response variable. Chromatographic fractionation using Amberlite XAD-16 was carried out and the total polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins were quantified. The redox potential, the reduction of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and the lipid oxidation inhibition were determined. Anti-bacterial activity was evaluated. The phytochemicals were identified by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Optimal extraction conditions were a solid/liquid ratio of 1:16, ethanol of 35%, and 10 min of ultrasound-assisted extraction. Maximum polyphenol content in the crude extract was 1689.976 ± 86.430 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g of dried plant material. The purified fraction showed a total polyphenols content of 3552.84 ± 7.25 mg of GAE, flavonoids 1316.17 ± 0.27 mg of catechin equivalents, and condensed tannins 1694.87 ± 22.21 mg of procyanidin B1 equivalents, all per 100 g of purified fraction. Its redox potential was 553.93 ± 1.22 mV, reducing 63.08 ± 0.42% of DPPH radical and inhibiting 77.78 ± 2.78% of lipid oxidation. The polyphenols demonstrated antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Enterococcus faecalis. The HPLC-ESI-MS analysis revealed the presence of coumarins, hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavonoids.

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Olive Pomace: Scale Up from Laboratory to Pilot Scenario

Power ultrasound application has been proven to intensify the extraction of biocompounds from plant materials. In this work, the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of polyphenols from olive pomace (OP) has been studied at three different scales: laboratory (batch, 400 W, 0 barg), medium (continuous, 1000 W, 1.0 barg), and pilot (continuous, 2000 W, 1.0 barg) taking into consideration the influence of technological parameters: extraction time (s), solvent to solid ratio (mL/g), mixture pH, and acoustic parameters: amplitude (µm), intensity (W/cm2), and applied energy (Wh). A central composite design was used to optimize the UAE at laboratory scale (0.2 kg). The optimal conditions were: time: 490 s; ratio: 2.1 mL H2O/g OP; pH: 5.6 at an acoustic amplitude of 46 µm for a maximum extraction yield of 3.6 g GAE/L of extract. At medium scale (2.2 kg) the UAE was carried out using amplitudes from 41 to 57 µm. The effect of the pressure (1.0 barg) on the UAE was positive, in terms of higher extraction yield (2.9 g GAE/L) and faster extraction rates compared to the non-pressurized UAE (2.5 g GAE/L), however, the extraction yield was lower than the one observed at laboratory scale. At pilot scale (120 kg), the UAE involved different ultrasound constellations (booster + sonotrode) to deliver the ultrasound energy at different acoustic intensities from 23 to 57 W/cm2. The acoustic intensity (W/cm2) exerts an important effect on the extraction yield, and should be tailored to each process scale. The highest yield obtained at pilot-scale was 3.0 g GAE/L, and it was 58% higher than the one observed in the conventional extraction without ultrasound assistance (stirring and heating). In all tests, regardless of the scale, higher yields were observed between 80 and 85 °C. The application of this technology at the industrial scale to evaluate if the improvement of the extraction caused by the application of ultrasound could is still important when other operations like centrifugation, ultrafiltration, and reverse osmosis are included in the system and to evaluate its techno-economic feasibility.

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Maritime Pine Residues with Deep Eutectic Solvents.

Deep eutectic solvents represent an important alternative in the field of green solvents due to their low volatility, non-toxicity, and low synthesis cost. In the present investigation, we propose the production of enriched polyphenolic extracts from maritime pine forest residues via an ultrasound-assisted approach. A Box-Behnken experimental design with a response surface methodology was used with six variables to be optimized: solid-to-solvent ratio, water percentage, temperature and time of extraction, amplitude, and catalyst concentration. The mixture of levulinic and formic acids achieved the highest extraction yield of polyphenols from pine needle and bark biomass. In addition, the solid-to-solvent ratio was found to be the only influential variable in the extraction (p-value: 0.0000). The optimal conditions were established as: 0.1 g of sample in 10 mL of LA:FA (70:30%, v/v) with 0% water and 0 M H2SO4 heated to 30 °C and extracted during 40 min with an ultrasound amplitude of 80% at 37 kHz. The bioactive properties of polyphenol-enriched extracts have been proven with significant antioxidant (45.90 ± 2.10 and 66.96 ± 2.75 mg Trolox equivalents/g dw) and antimicrobial activities. The possibility to recycle and reuse the solvent was also demonstrated; levulinic acid was successfully recovered from the extracts and reused in novel extractions on pine residues. This research shows an important alternative to obtaining polyphenol-enriched extracts from forest residues that are commonly discarded without any clear application, thus opening an important window toward the valorization of such residues.

Impact of Sample Pretreatment and Extraction Methods on the Bioactive Compounds of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Leaves.

To find the most optimal green valorization process of food by-products, sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaves (SBLs) were freeze-dried and ground with/without liquid nitrogen (LN), as a simple sample pretreatment method, before ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of polyphenols. First, the water activity, proximate composition, amino acid (AA) and fatty acid (FA) profiles, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity of dried and fresh SBLs were evaluated. Then, conventional extraction (CE) and UAE of polyphenols from SBLs using water/EtOH:water 14:6 (v/v) as extracting solvents were performed to determine the individual and combined effects of the sample preparation method and UAE. In all the freeze-dried samples, the specific activity of PPO decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05). Freeze-drying significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) the fiber and essential FA contents of SBLs. The FA profile of SBLs revealed that they are rich sources of oleic, linoleic, and α-linolenic acids. Although freeze-drying changed the contents of most AAs insignificantly, lysine increased significantly from 7.06 ± 0.46% to 8.32 ± 0.38%. The aqueous UAE of the freeze-dried samples without LN pretreatment yielded the most optimal total phenolic content (TPC) (69.44 ± 0.15 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry matter (mg GAE/g DM)) and excellent antioxidant activities. Thus, combining freeze-drying with the aqueous UAE method could be proposed as a sustainable strategy for extracting bioactive compounds from food by-products.

Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Carthamus tinctorius Seeds: Optimization of Process Variables

Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Carthamus tinctorius Seeds: Optimization of Process Variables

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from the Mushroom of Cantharelles cibarius and Its Antioxidant Activity

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from the Mushroom of Cantharelles cibarius and Its Antioxidant Activity

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Cordyceps cicadae polyphenols: Optimization, LC-MS characterization, antioxidant and DNA damage protection activity evaluation

In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols from C. cicadae was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized conditions were determined as extraction time of 39 min, liquid-to-solid ratio of 1:29 g/mL, extraction temperature of 69 °C and ethanol concentration of 55% with a yield of 21.9 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight. Four resins were used for polyphenol purification. D101 resin had the highest ratio of adsorption and was further applied in polyphenol purification test. A total of 19 different phenolic compounds were identified by LC-MS, including 12 phenolic acids and 7 organic acids. In addition, C. cicadae polyphenols displayed higher antioxidant activity in vitro and anti-aging activity of C. elegans in vivo . Lastly, C. cicadae polyphenols showed the potential to protect DNA from oxidative damage. Overall, our results suggest that polyphenols from C. cicadae may be considered as novel sources of anti-oxidation, anti-aging and recommended as reagents to protect DNA from oxidative damage in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Application of enzyme and ultrasound assisted extraction of polyphenols from avocado (Persea americana Mill.) peel as natural antioxidants [pdf

Application of enzyme and ultrasound assisted extraction of polyphenols from avocado (Persea americana Mill.) peel as natural antioxidants [pdf

Application of enzyme and ultrasound assisted extraction of polyphenols from avocado (Persea americana Mill.) peel as natural antioxidants

Application of enzyme and ultrasound assisted extraction of polyphenols from avocado (Persea americana Mill.) peel as natural antioxidants

Effect of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Apple Peels in Water CO2 Systems

Effect of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Apple Peels in Water CO2 Systems

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols from avocado residues: Modeling and optimization using response surface methodology and artificial neural networks

Seed and peel avocado (Persea Americana) are agro-industrial residues whose structure presents an important quantity of source of polyphenolic components which can be obtained by various extraction methods. Response surface methodology (RSM) and the artificial neural network (ANN) were used to model and optimize the conditions of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) (25 W/L) with respect to temperature (40 - 60 °C), concentration of ethanol/water (30% - 60%) and extraction time (40 - 80 min) in obtaining phenolic from avocado residues. RSM and ANN allowed finding an optimal phenolic content for seeds (145.170 - 146.569 mg GAE/g; 49 °C, 41.2% and 65.5 - 65.1 min) and peels (124.050 - 125.187 mg GAE/g; 50.9 °C, 49.5% and 61.8 min). The models estimated between predicted and experimental values were significant (p < 0.05), presenting a high correlation (R2> 0.9907) and a low root mean square error for the prediction of phenolics (RMSE < 0.9437 mg GAE/g). The results of this study allow the design of efficient, economic and ecologically friendly extraction procedures in the industry for obtaining bioactive metabolites from avocado residues.

Optimization of ultrasound assisted extraction of polyphenols from Meghalayan cherry fruit (Prunus nepalensis) using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) approach

In this work, polyphenols have been recovered from Meghalayan cherry using ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE). The RSM and ANN were used to analyse the effect of solvent concentration (40–80%), solvent-solid ratio (10–30 ml/g), extraction time (15–45 min) and amplitude (20–40%) on yield and total phenol content (TPC) of fruit extract. The yield (41.30%), TPC (117.80 mgGAE/g), DPPH (85.11 ± 0.40%) and FRAP (0.92 ± 0.46 mg AAE/g) of Meghalayan cherry extracts were obtained under optimal extraction conditions (solvent concentration (58%); solvent-solid ratio (26 ml/g); time (31 min); amplitude (28%)). Results indicated that RSM and ANN could be effectively applied to describe the experimental data, but ANN showed better prediction accuracy as compared to RSM due to higher R2 and lesser MSE. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of polyphenols and Liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy quadrupole time-of-flight (LC-MS-Q-TOF) identified sixteen polyphenols compounds, out of which ten were proposed for the first time in Meghalayan cherry fruit. Scanning electron microscopy showed that ultrasound processing caused disruptions in the cell wall of fruit powder which leads to higher extraction of polyphenolic compounds. Thus, the extract obtained from UAE has higher antioxidant activity and would be used in pharmaceuticals and food products as a source of bioactive compounds. Furthermore, ANN found to be an efficient tool for predicting extraction efficiency of Meghalayan cherry polyphenols.

Enhancing oxidative stability of sunflower oil with sesame (Sesamum Indicum) coat ultrasonic extract rich in polyphenols

Addition of antioxidants to oils is essential to retard its oxidation. Nowadays, due to safety concerns, there is a significant demand for replacing synthetic antioxidants with natural ones. Sesame seed coat is a waste product of sesame processing. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols from sesame coat was investigated. The highest yield of polyphenols was 7.23 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry nonroasted sesame coat. It was obtained with aqueous ethanol (80%) at a material:solvent ratio of 1:20 (wt/vol) using an ultrasound intensity of 30% of the maximal output power (300 W) for 40 min. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the dried extract revealed the presence of sesamin and sesamolin at 65.967 and 38.737 mg/g, respectively. Catechin, p-coumaric acid, and chlorogenic acid were the most abundant polyphenols in the extract. The addition of sesame coat extract enhanced the oxidative stability of sunflower oil (423% increase). Practical applications Oxidative rancidity is a quality problem of refined vegetable oils. The extraction of polyphenols as a natural source of antioxidants from dried sesame coat using ultrasound was studied. Findings indicate that sesame coat extract improved oxidative stability of sunflower oil. Antioxidant efficacy of the extract was greater than that of synthetic antioxidant BHT.

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols From Crude Pollen.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the extraction efficiency of polyphenols from crude pollen by an ultrasonic process. Prior to the polyphenols extraction, the crude pollen was defatted. The extraction from defatted pollen was carried out by varying four extraction parameters: ultrasonic amplitude (20%, 60% and 100%), solid/liquid ratio (10 g/L, 20 g/L and 30 g/L), temperature (35, 50 and 65 °C) and time (10, 20 and 30 min). The extracts were analyzed in terms of extraction yield (%), total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavones content (TFC). The extracted oil was analyzed in terms of fatty acids composition; myristic acid (159.1 µg × g−1) and cis-14-pentadecenoic acid (106.6 µg·g−1) were found in the highest amount in the pollen oil. The optimum conditions of extraction were determined and were, as follows: 100% amplitude of ultrasonic treatment, 30 g/L solid/liquid ratio, 40.85 °C and 14.30 min, which led to the extraction of 366.1 mg GAE/L of TPC and 592.2 mg QE/g of TFC, and also to an extraction yield of 1.92%.

Intensification of polyphenols extraction from orange peels using infrared as a novel and energy saving pretreatment.

This study aims to evaluate the impact of a nonconventional pretreatment technique "infrareds free solvent" on the intensification of polyphenols extraction from orange peels. Orange peels were pretreated with infrared heating using a ceramic infrared transmitter from 5 to 25min at 50°C. After the addition of the solvent on the pretreated peels, ultrasound treatment was applied on the mixture using an ultrasound generator connected to a titanium ultrasound probe, from 5 to 30min, at 50°C. Results showed that the application of ultrasounds on untreated peels enhanced the extraction of polyphenols by 62.5% compared to the conventional solid-liquid extraction. Twentyminutes of infrared pretreatment improved the extraction of polyphenols by 47% with solid-liquid extraction, and 112% with ultrasounds after 30min compared to solid-liquid extraction from untreated peels. Different combinations of infrared pretreatment and ultrasound assisted extraction were then applied on orange peels. The most advantageous combination in terms of energy consumption and polyphenols extraction has been found for a 20min infrared pretreatment time and 5min ultrasound assisted extraction of polyphenols. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Orange peels are valuable sources of natural antioxidants such as polyphenols. Ultrasound-assisted extraction can improve the extraction of polyphenols compared to conventional solid-liquid extraction. To intensify the extraction process, infrared heating can be used as a simple, low cost, and energy saving method. The combined effect of "infrareds free solvent" and ultrasounds allowed the extraction of the highest yields of polyphenols with a high antiradical capacity and a low energy consumption in comparison to conventional extraction.

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Evaluation of its Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Evaluation of its Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties