Ultrasonic Wave Assistance Research Articles

A bio-adsorbent of Fe-Mn oxides@SiO2 NPs from brown rice husk ash: ultrasonic-assisted synthesis and its application for cobalt removal from industrial wastewater

ABSTRACT In the present study, SiO2 NPs (nanoparticles) were designed and synthesised from brown rice husk ash with the assistance of ultrasonic waves. The synthesised SiO2 NPs with high purity were modified using Fe-Mn oxides. The adsorption ability of SiO2 NPs and Fe-Mn oxides@SiO2 hybrid nanomaterials has been investigated for cobalt removal from wastewater. The characteristics of prepared adsorbents were determined using different techniques of identification. The pseudo-second-order model could describe well the effect of contact time. The Langmuir model described the equilibrium manner of the process well, and one gram of Fe-Mn oxides@SiO2 could attract 284.24 mg of cobalt at saturation state. The thermodynamic parameters show the exothermic and spontaneity of the adsorption process. The electrostatic interaction, physical adsorption in meso-macropores, and complexation reaction are the involved mechanisms. The regeneration of prepared adsorbent was investigated at 4 adsorption/desorption cycles in the continuous process. Synthesised hybrid nanomaterial can remove 70.5% cobalt and reduce 61% COD of the actual effluent from the Petrochemical wastewater.

Green hairy basil seed mucilage biosorbent for dispersive solid phase extraction enrichment of tetracyclines in bovine milk samples followed by HPLC analysis

Unmodified hairy basil seed mucilage (Ocimum basilicum L.), with attractive features as structural functionality and adsorption capacity, was employed as a green biosorbent for dispersive solid phase extraction and enrichment of oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and doxycycline before quantitation by HPLC-UV for the first time. Hairy basil crushed seed increased the contacting surface area and was completely dispersed in the sample solution to extract tetracyclines under acidic condition with the assistance of ultrasonic waves. The analytes in the extraction phase were separated on a C18 column under isocratic condition with a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and trifluoroacetic acid. Influence of chemical and physical variables on the extraction efficiency of the developed method was investigated and optimized systematically. Under the optimal condition of all experimental parameters, good linear ranges were obtained at 15.0–500 μg L−1 for tetracyclines with determination coefficients more than 0.9994. Limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) ranged 5.0–7.0 and 15.0 μg L−1, respectively. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the proposed method at 100 and 300 μg L−1 for TCs were less than 13 % and 10 %, respectively with percentage TC recoveries from spiked standard ranging 83.1–109.9 %. This simple, reliable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly method was successfully applied for the analysis of tetracycline residues in milk. The greenness of the proposed method was assessed using the Analytical Eco-Scale and AGREE protocol.

Ring Opening Polymerization Used for the Production of VOC Free High-Performance Ecofriendly Novel PBZ/PDA/CeO2 Nanocomposites

This study analyzed the fabrication and characterization of polybenzoxazine/polydopamine/ceria as tertiary nanocomposites. To this end, a new benzoxazine monomer (MBZ) was fabricated based on the well-known Mannich reaction of naphthalene-1-amine, 2-tert-butylbenzene-1,4-diol and formaldehyde under ultrasonic-assisted process. Polydopamine (PDA) was used as dispersing polymer nanoparticles and surface modifier for CeO2 by in-situ polymerization of dopamine with the assistance of ultrasonic waves. Then, nanocomposites (NC)s were manufactured by in-situ route under thermal conditions. The FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectra confirmed the preparation of the designed MBZ monomer. The FE-SEM and TEM results showed the morphological aspects of prepared NCs and illustrated the distribution of CeO2 NPs in the polymer matrix. The XRD patterns of NCs showed the presence of crystalline phases of nanoscale CeO2 in an amorphous matrix. The TGA results reveal that the prepared NCs are classified as thermally stable materials.

Macroporous flowerlike Bi2O2CO3-CuBi2O4 nanoheterojunction photocatalyst for high concentrated malachite green degradation: Influence of nanocomposite composition and sonication approach

In this work, the novel CuBi2O4 surface-sensitized bismuth subcarbonate as flowerlike sun-light dual-nanoheterojuncted photocatalysts, in different weight ratios of CuBi2O4 to Bi2O2CO3, were prepared via the facile hydrothermal technique with the assistance of ultrasonic waves. Structural characterization, surface morphology, and optical properties of nanophotocatalysts were investigated with XRD, FESEM, TEM, BET-BJH, DRS, and PL analyses. The results represented the highest degradation percentage (91.6 %) for 200 mg/L malachite green over Bi2O2CO3-CuBi2O4 (1:1)-SH nanocomposite under 180 min sunlight irradiation due to two light absorption edges and separation of the charge carriers promoted owing to the heterojunction formation and the specific flowerlike morphology. It has a meso/macroporous structure with 12.4 m2/g surface area, Vmeso= 0.085 cm3/g and Vmacro = 0.039 cm3/g in which facilitates the intra-diffusion and adsorption of malachite green macromolecules Furthermore, the selected nanophotocatalyst stability, reaction mechanism, and kinetic evaluation were examined.

Fabrication of air‐conditioning tussah silk with capric–stearic eutectic mixture for effective energy storage and thermal‐regulatory applications

AbstractUnder the urgent demand of effective energy‐storage and thermal‐regulatory textile fabrics, the air‐conditioning tussah silk as a new arrival is endowed with this excellent property by coupling with the phase change material of capric acid–stearic acid eutectic mixture. In addition, the facile pad‐dry‐cure technique used with the assistance of ultrasonic waves efficiently avoided the problems of the sophisticated process and low efficiency in traditional post‐finishing methods with phase change microcapsules. With optimal preparation conditions, the resultant tussah silk exhibited a superior thermal reliability and thermoregulatory character along with a phase enthalpy of 31.80 J g−1 at a phase change temperature of 24.01 °C. Meanwhile, the tested air permeability, mechanical properties and washing fastness showed its favorable thermal and wear comfort. Benefitting from these admirable merits, this air‐conditioning tussah silk with tunable heat storage and release performance could automatically respond to external temperature stimuli, finally contributing to practical application in intelligent protective garments. The intelligent bidirectional temperature‐adjusting property corresponding to the efficient management of human skin temperature is beneficial for constructing a comfortable microclimate for the human body. In brief, our study provides a novel heat‐storage and temperature‐regulating textile with tussah silk as well as unique natural advantages by means of a simple preparation method. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.

EFFECT OF SOLVENT IN COMBINATION WITH ULTRASONIC WAVE ASSISTANCE ON TRITERPENOID EXTRACTION FROM RED LINGZHI MUSHROOM (Ganodermalucidum)

Triterpenoid is one of the compounds that contribute tored lingzhi mushroom's major significant therapeutic activities (G. lucidum). Triterpenoids have anti-allergic, anti-cancer, anti-tumor, and anti-aging effects, enhance oxygen utilization, free radical scavenging, lowerblood pressure, inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis, and enhance liver function and blood pressure, inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis, and improve liver functionetc. The beneficial effects of triterpenoids in Ganoderma lucidum on human health have generated interest in developing methods for extracting them from the fruit bodies of G. lucidum. This article presents the effect of solvent in combination with ultrasonic wave assistance in triterpenoid extraction ability from red lingzhi mushroom. Before carrying out triterpenoid extraction; Red lingzhi mushroom was ground 2mm in size. Four parameters of the extraction process, including the ethanol concentration, ratio (v:w) between ethanol solvent and mushroom, extraction time, , extraction temperature, ultrasonic time and ultrasonic intensity were determined. The extraction without ultrasonic waves for 180 minutes was used as a control. The total triterpenoid content was collected during the extraction process. The results showed that red lingzhi mushroom was extracted by ethanol solvent at a concentration of 85%, the ratio between ethanol solvent and mushroom was 3:1 (v:w), ultrasound intensity was 58 W/cm2, frequency was 20 kHz), extracting temperature was 55°C, removing time was 5 min had total triterpenoid content 3.06 times higher than the control.

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of zeaxanthin from Lycium barbarum L. with composite solvent containing ionic liquid: Experimental and theoretical research

Zeaxanthin is the main active ingredient of Lycium barbarum L. The current extraction methods of zeaxanthin are not only tedious and time-consuming but also environmentally unfriendly. Therefore, in the present study, an efficient simultaneous extraction and saponification method for extracting zeaxanthin from L. barbarum was established by using the composite solvent composed of ionic liquid (IL), ethanol, and inorganic base with the assistance of ultrasonic waves. The yield of zeaxanthin was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The optimal ionic liquid, [Hmim][OAc], was selected by combining experimental research with quantum chemical calculation. The extraction mechanism was investigated by quantum chemical calculations combined with density functional theory (DFT), atoms in molecules (AIM) and reduced density gradient (RDG) analyses, and the hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions between zeaxanthin and ILs were the main driving forces for ionic liquid extraction. The extraction conditions were optimized using single-factor and response surface methodology as follows: KOH concentration of 6.3%, ionic liquids concentration of 0.09 g/mL, ultrasonic treatment time of 39 min, solid-liquid ratio of 1:40, and the ultrasonic power of 420 W. Compared with the traditional extraction method, the newly established method improved the extraction yield by 23.08% and shortened the extracting time by 90%. Meanwhile, high purity of zeaxanthin could be easily recovered from the ILs solution.

Synthesis of flexible BaTiO3 nanofibers for efficient vibration-driven piezocatalysis

The development of high-performance catalysts for applications in advanced oxidation processes to degrade organic pollutants can contribute significantly to environmental protection. However, current nanoparticle-based catalysts are energy consuming, hazardous, and unrecyclable, therefore the development of clean energy-driven and reusable catalysts with high performance remains challenging. Herein, flexible barium titanate (BTO) nanofibers were fabricated via a combination of electrospinning and sol-gel methods. The large surface area, interconnected porous structure, good piezoresponse, and relatively high piezoelectric coefficient endow the resultant BTO nanofibers membranes with good piezocatalytic degradation performance toward organic contaminants. With the assistance of ultrasonic waves, the membranes could degrade 96% of organic dyes within 60 min, with a reaction rate of 0.0537 min−1. The radical detection and trapping experiments proved that superoxide radicals and holes played vital roles in piezocatalytic reaction process. Furthermore, the flexible BTO nanofibrous membranes with a tensile strength of 2.2 MPa exhibited good reusability over five cycles, without the tedious recycling operations needed for micro/nanoparticle-based catalysts. The successful fabrication of BTO nanofibrous membranes would provide a route for the fabrication of clean energy-driven and high-performance catalysts for wastewater treatment.

Dye solubilization ability of plant derived surfactant from Sapindus rarak DC. extracted with the assistance of ultrasonic waves

The study focused on the extraction and characterization of the natural surfactant, saponin, from lerak (Sapindus rarak DC.) and investigation of its ability to solubilize reactive dyes. Extraction by green ultrasound-assisted extraction showed that the highest saponin yield of 27.87 mg saponin/100 mg feed was achieved. The value was obtained at temperatures of 30 °C, with solvent to solute ratio of 10 mL/g, after 40 min of extraction. This yield was approximately twice that obtained from maceration-based extraction. Compared to maceration extraction (ME), UAE results showed improved extraction time, lower temperature, and lesser requirement for solvents. The study of the surfactant characteristics of saponin extracts also confirmed that the extracted saponin from lerak pericarp was an oleanane triterpenoid saponin. Both the extract and pure saponin were classified as hydrophilic saponin with HLB value of 16.8 and 18.7, respectively. Lerak pericarp extract has Critical Micelle Concentration of 0.19% wt. The solubilization of lerak pericarp extract to synthetic dyes expressed as molar solubilization power were 0.251 mM/mM and 0.239 mM/mM for Red Remazol dye and Blue TQ Remazol dye, respectively.

A Comparative Study on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn Joints Formed by TLP Soldering With/Without the Assistance of Ultrasonic Waves

In this study, the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn intermetallic joints, formed by the transient liquid phase (TLP) soldering process with and without the assistance of ultrasonic waves (USWs), were compared. After the application of USWs in the TLP soldering process, Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds (IMCs) exhibited a novel noninterfacial growth pattern in the molten solder interlayer. The resulting Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn joints consisted of refined equiaxed IMC grains with average sizes of 3 and 2.3 µm, respectively. The Cu6Sn5 grains in the ultrasonically soldered intermetallic joints demonstrated uniform mechanical properties with elastic modulus and hardness values of 123.0 and 5.98 GPa, respectively, while those of Cu3Sn grains were 133.9 and 5.08 GPa, respectively. The shear strengths of ultrasonically soldered Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn joints were measured to be 60 and 65 MPa, respectively, higher than that for reflow-soldered intermetallic joints. Ultrasonically soldered Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn joints both exhibited a combination of transgranular and intergranular fractures during shear testing.

Piezo-Catalytic Effect on the Enhancement of the Ultra-High Degradation Activity in the Dark by Single- and Few-Layers MoS2 Nanoflowers.

Single- and few-layer MoS2 nanoflowers are first discovered to have a piezo-catalyst effect, exhibiting an ultra-high degradation activity in the dark by introducing external mechanical strains. The degradation ratio of the Rhodamine-B dye solution reaches 93% within 60 s under ultrasonic-wave assistance in the dark.

Electrochemical characterization of nano V, Ti doped MnO2 in primary lithium manganese dioxide batteries with high rate

The nano-sized [Formula: see text]-MnO2 precursor is synthesized using a room temperature, liquid-phase reaction route with the assistance of ultrasonic waves. The MnO2 precursor as an electrode material in lithium manganese dioxide primary batteries displays a low capacity of 140[Formula: see text]mAh[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] (45.5% for the theoretical capacity of MnO[Formula: see text] at 20[Formula: see text]mA[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text]. Therefore, the doped MnO2 with cationic V or/and Ti are prepared at high temperature. After the heat treatment, the [Formula: see text] phase precursor powder gradually converts into the [Formula: see text]-MnO2 and exhibits a higher specific surface area with a larger pore volume and pore size, providing significantly more electrochemically active sites for the redox reaction. The doped MnO2 matrix has advantage of the ideal lattice parameters and the higher conductivity, resulting in an enhancement of the Li[Formula: see text] diffusion kinetics in the tunnel structure. Especially for co-doped MnO2 with V and Ti, the modified material shows an outstanding electrochemical capacity of 190[Formula: see text]mAh[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] (61.7% for the theoretical capacity) at 20[Formula: see text]mA[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] and 169[Formula: see text]mAh[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] for a higher power output of 100[Formula: see text]mA[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text].

Surface modification of titanium hydride with epoxy resin by ultrasonic wave-assisted ball milling

Surface modification of titanium hydride (TiH2) with epoxy resin was carried out by ultrasonic wave-assisted ball milling. The product was characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The sedimentation test was conducted to investigate the compatibility of TiH2 nanoparticles with epoxy resin. The results show that epoxy resin is grafted on the nanoparticles’ surface after the ultrasonic wave-assisted ball milling process, which improves the compatibility of TiH2 nanoparticles with epoxy resin. The different results of ultrasonic wave irradiation, ball milling (without ultrasonic wave assistance) and ultrasonic wave-assisted ball milling indicate that the coupling effect of ultrasonic wave and mechanical force plays an important role in the grafting process. In addition, the anticorrosion property of epoxy resin coating containing modified nanoparticles was investigated.

One-step synthesis of zinc ferrite nanoparticles by ultrasonic wave-assisted ball milling technology

Abstract Well-crystallized zinc ferrite nanoparticles with mean size of 20 nm were synthesized at low temperature (≤100 °C) by ultrasound wave-assisted aqueous solution ball-milling technique without subsequent calcination. ZnCO3·2Zn (OH)2·H2O were used as the raw material and iron milling balls with diameter of 1.0–1.5 mm were used. As a comparison, aqueous solution ball milling without ultrasonic wave assistance was also investigated. The results showed that, this technique is simple, environmentally friendly and energy-saving for nanocrystal synthesis.

One-step synthesis of manganese ferrite nanoparticles by ultrasonic wave-assisted ball milling technology

Well-crystallized manganese ferrite nanoparticles with mean size of 20 nm were synthesized at low temperature (≤100 °C) by ultrasound wave-assisted solid–liquid reaction ball milling technique without subsequent calcination. MnO2 were used as the raw material and iron milling balls with diameter of 1.0–1.5 mm were used. As a comparison, solid–liquid reaction ball milling without ultrasonic wave assistance and the effects of different milling balls were also investigated. The results showed that, this technique is simple, environmentally friendly and energy-saving for nanocrystal synthesis.

One-step synthesis of nickel ferrite nanoparticles by ultrasonic wave-assisted ball milling technology

In this present paper, using NiCO3⋅2Ni(OH)2⋅4H2O as raw material and small iron milling balls (ϕ=1.0–1.5mm) as the supply of Fe source, well-ordered ellipsoidal nickel ferrite particles were directly synthesized at low temperature of ≤100°C in 20h, without the need of calcination, via ultrasonic-assisted solid–liquid reaction ball milling technique. The results showed that ultrasonic wave assistance enables the intermediate product (Fe2Ni2(OH)8CO3⋅2H2O), produced using NiCO3⋅2Ni(OH)2⋅4H2O as raw material, to react with Fe more easily, by which NiFe2O4 is one-step synthesized. Finally, compared with conventional process, this milling technique is simple and environment friendly for obtained function ferrite nanopowders.

The Separating of Inner Mongolian Oil Sand with Ultrasound

We applied the oil sand cleansing agent sodium silicate (YSFL) in oil sand separation. This article mainly discusses the ultrasonic wave assistance function in the oil sand separation application. We analyzed the ultrasonic wave assistance function oil sand separation condition through experiments. Preliminary results indicated that under the supersonic function, cleansing agent and oil sand ratio 0.8:1, 60°C ultrasonic vibration for 13 min, and its oil extraction rate may achieve 94%. Compared with agitation, the results of the research proved that the supersonic wave action not only greatly enhanced the extraction of the oil sand rate but also reduced the cost.

Microstructure and Fracture Behavior of Ceramic Particle Reinforced Composite Bond with the Assistance of Ultrasonic Waves

Composite materials (55 vol.% SiCp/A356) were brazed by filling with a Zn-based alloy with the assistance of ultrasonic waves. 37 vol.% SiC particles composite bonds were produced and their structural features as well as mechanical properties were obtained. The crack initiation and propagation behavior of the composite bonds were examined using in situ SEM and SEM fractographic observations. The shear strength of the brazed bonds containing ~37 vol.% SiC particles was 37% higher than the 55%SiCp/A356 composites and 48% higher than the un-reinforced bond. There are two mechanisms of crack initiation in metal matrix composite. In the first cracks may initiate at in the eutectic phase in the composite bond. In the second cracks may also initiate due to cracking of the particles.

One‐Step Synthesis of Zn to Single‐Phase Nanocrystalline ZnO by Solid–Liquid Reaction Ball Milling Assisted by Ultrasonic Wave

Single‐phase ZnO nanoparticles were successfully prepared by solid–liquid reaction ball milling assisted by ultrasonic wave. The samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. By the comparison of the as‐milled products with and without the help of ultrasonic wave, it is found that ultrasonic wave is a key factor promoting the transformation from Zn(OH)2 to ZnO. Based on hot‐spot theory, the formation mechanism of the single‐phase ZnO nanoparticles under ultrasonic wave assistance is determined.

Ultrasound-Assisted Nanocasting Fabrication of Ordered Mesoporous MnO2 and Co3O4 with High Surface Areas and Polycrystalline Walls

Highly ordered mesoporous MnO2 and Co3O4 are prepared by adopting an SBA-16-based nanocasting strategy under ultrasonic irradiation and characterized by means of numerous techniques. It is shown that the as-fabricated manganese and cobalt oxides possess well-ordered mesoporous architectures with polycrystalline pore walls. With the assistance of ultrasonic waves, the metal precursors can readily diffuse from the bulk solution to the inner pores of the silica template. The repeated four-step fabrication process, filling → filtration → washing → calcination, is beneficial for preventing the formation of manganese or cobalt oxide nanoparticles on the external surfaces of the template and facilitating more metal precursors to fill the mesopore channels of the template. After removal of the silica template by a 2 mol/L NaOH aqueous solution, the as-received highly ordered mesoporous MnO2 and Co3O4 exhibit a surface area of up to 266 and 313 m2/g, respectively, which is about 2−3 times higher than that reported in the literature. The mesoporous MnO2 and Co3O4 samples are more readily reduced at low temperatures and show much better catalytic performance for toluene complete oxidation than their bulk counterparts. The excellent performance of the mesoporous materials is ascribed to their ordered mesoporous structure, better reducibility, and high surface area.