Ultrasonic Velocity Studies Research Articles

Studies on interactions of L-glutamic acid with L-arabinose/D-xylose in aqueous medium: Ultrasonic velocity and acoustic parameter studies supported by FTIR spectroscopic investigation

Glutamic acid is a non-essential amino acid, meaning that the body can synthesize it on its own, and it doesn’t necessarily need to be obtained from the diet. Using an ultrasonic interferometer, the ultrasonic velocity at 293.15 K and 298.15 K and at experimental pressure P = 101 kPa were determined in order to evaluate and comprehend the synergy between non-essential amino acid and saccharides (L-arabinose/D-xylose) in an aqueous system. There is a direct correlation between the weak and strong molecular interactions that occur between the solution’s constituents and the propagation of ultrasonic sound waves through the experimental solutions. Using the ultrasonic velocity data, isentropic compressibility (Ks) apparent molar isentropic compressibility (Ks,ϕ) and isothermal compressibility (KT) were calculated. In addition to these characteristics, acoustic impedance (Z), internal pressure (πi), relative association (RA), molar free volume (Vf), molar free length (Lf) and surface tension (γ) were deduced and analysed to advocates potent ion- solvent interactions. In order to gain understanding of Glu-Glu and Glu- L-arabinose/D-xylose interactions in aqueous medium, these parameters were interpreted. Ion-solvent interactions are stronger than ion-ion interactions due to the greater and positive values of Ks0. Strong contacts occur between the polar segments of L-arabinose/D-xylose and the zwitterionic groups of Glu, and these interactions become stronger as the concentration of L-arabinose/D-xylose increases, as indicated by positive values of Ks,ϕ,tr0. The water structure is reformed during the solvation and ion association processes of Glu. Furthermore, the spectroscopic investigation has been conducted using the FTIR technique in order to verify the results obtained from acoustic studies. Predominant ion-hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions prevail in the studied system is validated by FTIR study. Absorption band widening indicates that intermolecular hydrogen bonding predominates over intramolecular hydrogen bonding.

Cell by cell pilot study of ultrasonic velocity in honey: from immature sugar solution to cell capping

With a specific ultrasonic device adapted to small volumes analysis, we carried out a pilot study of cell by cell honey ultrasonic velocity in a beehive. In this context, we followed, cell by cell, the evolution of ultrasonic velocity in honey throughout its elaboration, from fresh liquid just deposited into cells, to the capping. The results, averaged over the whole honeycomb correlated rather well with moisture content (in the range 14–64%) even if, for the same moisture content, the values of velocities significantly varied suggesting differences in sugar composition. Concerning cell by cell analysis, data collected showed that ultrasonic velocity significantly differs from one cell to another, versus time and versus location in the honeycomb. These first results demonstrate that ultrasonic velocity measured cell by cell could be precious data if it would be correlated to other physicochemical parameters such as water activity. Our ultrasonic method is not, in its present form, directly applicable for real time non-destructive monitoring of the hive. Nevertheless, our first results prove that ultrasonic methods could be interesting for honey evaluation during the ripening process at the cell level, using volumes inferior to the millilitre and not in a macroscopic way.

A state-of-the-art theoretical method for estimating ultrasonic velocity in ionic liquid mixtures: An extension of McAllister's interaction model

McAllister’s Interaction Model has been extended to predict ultrasonic velocities in eight binary mixtures of ionic liquids and water at temperatures T = 288.15 K, 298.15 K, and 308.15 K.The ionic liquids chosen for the current study are [BMim][TfO], [BMpyr][TfO], [BMpy][TfO], [BMim][dca], [HMim][dca], [BMpyr][dca], [Mpy][MSO4], and [EEpy][ESO4]. The interactions considered in present cases have been investigated for a range of variations from three-body interactions to nine-body interactions. The experimental values of ultrasonic velocities for all the mixturesat temperatures T = 288.15 K, 298.15 K, and 308.15 Kare compared with the computed values. The differences between the experimental and theoretically predicted velocities are determined in terms of absolute percentage deviation. It is worth mentioning that McAllister’s Model of interactions has been extended, for consideration, from three-body interactions to nine-body interactions among constituent molecules of binary mixtures and applied for the prediction of ultrasonic velocities in binary mixtures of water and ionic liquids for the first time. The extended Huckel theory (EHT) is used to calculate the charge distributions in eight ionic liquids and water molecules to understand the active sites available for interactions on each constituting molecule of the binary mixtures under investigation. The results we obtained complemented our decision to extend McAllister’s interactions model (MAIM) to higher orders (four-body to nine-body interactions). The results obtained (using extended MAIM) report an excellent agreement with experimental velocity values for nine-body interactions for all the systems under study. It is also pointed out that McAllister’s assumption that the free energies of activation are the additive quantity for viscosity investigation in organic liquid mixtures is also valid in the case of ultrasonic velocity studies for ionic liquids and water mixtures. Considering McAllister’s conjecture that rather than a planar system of interactions among solvent-solute molecules, a three-dimensional approach to intermolecular interactions can be more appropriate, authors have confirmed the validity of McAlliter’s conjecture by successfully investigating three-dimensional multi-body (in the present case: 9-body) interactions in the binary mixtures of ionic liquids and water.

Static and dynamic behavior of cemented heat storage materials

Assessing the mechanical and thermal stability of heat storage media is vital in the design and wellbeing of sensible heat storage systems, which are typically designed below ground level or as part of the sub-structure of buildings with load bearing capabilities. Nevertheless, considering the importance that a mechanically sound heat storage media (especially at elevated temperatures) has on the efficiency and performance of heat storage systems, it has not been given adequate attention in past studies. On this basis, the mechanical performance of two commercial cemented heat storage materials at different curing periods, pressure and temperature is studied in this research. The influence of curing period on the mechanical strength of the materials was studied by performing unconfined compression tests, where as to study the effects of pressure and temperature on seismic velocities, and hence mechanical properties of the materials, laboratory tests on P- and S-wave velocities were performed. Ultrasonic wave velocity studies can be used to estimate many geomechanical properties of materials such as density, elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio etc., thus providing an accurate and reliable estimate of the mechanical properties of rocks and cemented materials. The results presented in this study show a considerable dependence of the mechanical behavior of the investigated materials on curing period, pressure and temperature, which when unaccounted for can result in the inaccurate planning and design of heat storage systems.

Ultrasonic Velocity, Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity Studies on Barium Oxide: Silicone Oil Nanofluids

In this study, we focused on the preparation and characterization of Barium oxide (BaO): Silicone oil nanofluids with the assistance of ultrasonication. The purpose was to investigate the potential impact of these nanofluids on solar radiation absorption. To achieve this, six different concentrations (ranging from 0.01 g to 0.06 g) of BaO: Silicone oil nanofluids were prepared. The nanofluids were subjected to various characterization techniques to evaluate their properties. Ultrasonic velocity measurements were conducted to assess the dispersion quality and stability of the nanofluids. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was utilized to examine any potential interactions between the nanoparticles and the fluid medium. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Visible) spectroscopy was employed to investigate the optical properties of the nanofluids, particularly their ability to absorb solar radiation. Additionally, electron microscopy analysis provided insights into the morphology and size distribution of the BaO nanoparticles. The results obtained from the UV-Visible analysis provided valuable information regarding the solar radiation absorption efficiency of the BaO: Silicone oil nanofluid systems. These findings contribute to our understanding of the potential application of these nanofluids in solar energy harvesting. Furthermore, the ultrasonic studies and FTIR analysis confirmed that there were no significant particle-fluid interactions, indicating the stability of the nanofluids. Thermal conductivity measurements were carried out to determine the heat transfer efficiency of the BaO: Silicone oil nanofluid system at different concentrations. The results revealed an optimal concentration that exhibited the highest heat transfer efficiency, suggesting the potential of these nanofluids for enhancing heat transfer processes. In conclusion, this study successfully prepared and characterized BaO: Silicone oil nanofluids. The analysis of their optical properties, stability, and thermal conductivity provides valuable insights into their potential application in solar radiation absorption and heat transfer systems. Further research can explore the practical implementation of these nanofluids in solar energy conversion and thermal management technologies.

An Ultrasonic Study to Explore Interactions between Fertilizer and Aqueous Saline Salt Solutions

The acoustic (obtained thorough ultrasonic [NDT] characterization), thermodynamic, and volumetric parameters help to forecast and understand the behavior of intermolecular interactions, strength, or weakness as well as the ilk of the liquid mixture. In this paper, an attempt is carried out to understand the structural or molecular alterations of fertilizer in saline soil salts which results from several solute–solvent, solvent–solvent, and ion–solvent interactions present in the systems to find a way to control the problem of salinity of the soil. Because of the above facts, the ultrasonic velocity (U) and density (ρ) measurements studies on fertilizer name as ammonium sulfate having the number of concentrations varying from 0.02 to 0.2 mol kg−1 in water also in 0.5 mol kg−1 aqueous soil salt solution at different temperatures. The various acoustical, thermo-dynamical, and volumetric parameters that can be calculated are adiabatic compressibility (β), acoustic impedance (Z), intermolecular free length (Lf), specific heat ratio (γ), non-linear parameter (B/A), isothermal compressibility (kT), Pseudo-Grüneisen parameter (Γ), and internal pressure (πi). Hence, the present study exposes the structural sense of the experimental liquid mixture and results have been described in the light of intermolecular interaction existing in between the fertilizer–water–saline salt solutions.

An Insight into the Molecular Interactions of Ranitidine Hydrochloride in Aqueous-Alcoholic Mixtures at Different Temperatures through Ultrasonic Velocity Study

An Insight into the Molecular Interactions of Ranitidine Hydrochloride in Aqueous-Alcoholic Mixtures at Different Temperatures through Ultrasonic Velocity Study

Investigation of intermolecular interactions of anionic surfactant SDS and rutin: A physico-chemical approach for pharmaceutical application

The thermodynamic, acoustic and 1H NMR studies between rutin trihydrate and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were carried out to investigate the flavonoid-surfactant interactions. Four different hydro-ethanolic concentrations (aqueous, 30% v/v, 70% v/v and absolute ethanol) at five different temperatures (20–40 °C with a difference of 5 °C) were selected for the study. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values were calculated using conductivity (κ) parameter to further compute the change in standard enthalpy (△Hom), standard entropy (△Som) and standard Gibbs free energy (△Gom) of micellization. Other thermo-acoustic parameters, i.e., apparent molar volume (ϕv) and apparent molar compressibility (ϕk) were calculated employing the density (ρ) and ultrasonic sound velocity (μ) studies. In addition to these, the relative viscosity (ηr) for all the concentrations was also determined to understand the flow properties. The introduction of surfactant into the system increased the diffusion properties of rutin trihydrate. The acoustic studies highlighted the existence of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions within the system. The intermolecular interactions between SDS and rutin trihydrate were also established from the chemical shifts observed for 1H NMR spectra in DMSO‑d6. The obtained parameters play a vital role in optimizing the thermo-physically stable concentration which might prove useful in formulation development.

Density, viscosity and ultrasonic velocity study: Binary mixtures of 3-bromoanisole and methanol at different temperatures

The values of density, viscosity and ultrasonic velocity at three different temperatures (303.15, 313.15 and 323.15 K) of the prepared binary mixture solutions with different compositions of 3-bromoanisole (3-BA) and methanol (MeOH) are experimentally determined and presented. Moreover, the excess values of molar volume, viscosity and ultrasonic velocity have been determined. These determined excess properties are fitted to the Redlich-Kister equation. Deviations from the linearity are found in the experimentally measured parameters with variation in mixture composition and are interpreted in terms of molecular interaction. Moreover, thermodynamic properties are evaluated to understand the dynamic behavior of the system.

Study of Ultrasonic Velocity, Density, Viscosity and Derived Acoustic Parameters of L-arginine at Different Temperature

Study of Ultrasonic Velocity, Density, Viscosity and Derived Acoustic Parameters of L-arginine at Different Temperature

Thermodynamics and acoustic effects of quercetin on micellization and interaction behaviour of CTAB in different hydroethanol solvent systems

Abstract Flavonoids amongst the class of secondary metabolites possess numerous health benefits, are known for its use in pharmaceutical industry. Quercetin, a flavonoid has more prominent medical advantages however its utilization is constrained because of various instability and insolubility issues and therefore, taken into consideration for studying its physico-chemical properties. In view of that, the thermodynamic and thermoacoustic properties of quercetin were examined in presence of cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at different hydroethanolic concentrations and temperatures. The conductivity studies were used to calculate change in enthalpy (∆H o m ), change in entropy (∆S o m ) and change in Gibbs free Energy (∆G o m ) of micellization. The interactions between quercetin and CTAB were found to be endothermic, entropically controlled and spontaneous. Further, ultrasonic sound velocity and density studies were carried out and utilized for the calculation of thermoacoustic parameters i.e. apparent molar volume and apparent molar compressibility. Thermoacoustic properties revealed that at higher surfactant concentration, hydrophobic interactions are dominant. The results suggested that the flavonoid-surfactant interactions in hydroethanolic solutions is more favourable as compared with aqueous solution. Overall, the data is favourable for the framework to be used for detailing advancement, drug development, drug industry, pharmaceutical industry, medical administration and formulation development studies.

Ultrasonic Velocity and Isentropic Compressibility Studies of Monoalkylammonium Salts in Binary Mixtures of Acetonitrile and N,N-Dimethylacetamide at Variable Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure

Ultrasonic velocities and densities of alkyl substituted ammonium perchlorates-RNH3ClO4, where R is methyl (Me), ethyl (Et),n-propyl (Pr),n-butyl (Bu),n-hexyl (Hx) and n-octyl (Oc), have been measured in the concentration range 0.03–0.28 mol·kg−1 in binary mixtures of acetonitrile (AN) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) containing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mol% DMA at temperatures 298–328 K in 10 K intervals, using an Anton Paar density and sound velocity meter (DSA 5000 M). The experimental data of ultrasonic velocities and densities have been used for calculating isentropic compressibilities ( $$K_{{S}}$$ ) and apparent molal isentropic compressibilities ( $$K_{{{S,}\phi }}$$ ). Limiting apparent molal isentropic compressibilities ( $$K_{{{S,}\phi }}^{{\text{o}}}$$ ) for all the electrolytes have been evaluated from $$K_{{{S,}\phi }}$$ against m1/2 plots and split into contributions of individual ion ( $$K_{{{S,}\phi , \pm }}^{{\text{o}}}$$ ). The variation of $$K_{{{S,}\phi , \pm }}^{{\text{o}}}$$ values with solvent composition shows preferential solvation of alkylammonium ( $${\text{RNH}}_{3}^{ + }$$ ) ions by DMA in the AN rich region and by AN in the DMA rich region. The extent of solvation of the alkylammonium ions, at all studied temperatures, was found to increase with decreasing alkyl chain length; that is $${\text{OcNH}}_{3}^{ + }$$ < $${\text{HxNH}}_{3}^{ + }$$ < $${\text{BuNH}}_{3}^{ + }$$ < $${\text{PrNH}}_{3}^{ + }$$ < $${\text{EtNH}}_{3}^{ + }$$ < $${\text{MeNH}}_{3}^{ + }$$ . $$K_{{{S,}\phi , \pm }}^{{\text{o}}}$$ values for all $${\text{RNH}}_{3}^{ + }$$ ions increase with increasing temperature, indicating a decrease in the solvation of the ions with increasing temperature.

Study of ultrasonic wave velocity in organic binary mixture liquids of methyl propyl ketone and bezaldehyde (MPK+C6H5CHO) at 308.15K

Study of ultrasonic wave velocity in organic binary mixture liquids of methyl propyl ketone and bezaldehyde (MPK+C6H5CHO) at 308.15K

Study of ultrasonic wave velocity in the binary mixture liquids of carbon tetra chloride and propyl ethyl ketone (CCk+PEK)] at the temperature 308.15K

Study of ultrasonic wave velocity in the binary mixture liquids of carbon tetra chloride and propyl ethyl ketone (CCk+PEK)] at the temperature 308.15K

Viscosity, Miscibility Studies and Mechanical Properties of Pullulan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Blends at 30 ºC and 40 ºC

The miscibility studies of pullulan and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blends by reduced viscosity measurements, refractometry, mechanical properties and SEM analysis. Viscometric measurements at 30 and 40 ºC were taken using Ubbelohde viscometer. Ultrasonic interferometric was used to measure the ultrasonic velocities of different blend compositions. Refractive indices of blend solutions with different compositions were measured directly with an Abbe′s refractometer with thermostat containing water circulated at 30 and 40 ºC. The mechanical properties, refractive index, ultrasonic velocity and density studies showed that there is an increase of all these with PVA content in the blends. But SEM studies have given an indication of immiscibility in the blend system. Overall, pullulan/PVA blends have shown good physical and mechanical properties particularly for 90/10 composition.

A Comparative Study of Experimental and Theoretical Ultrasonic Velocity of Binary Liquid Mixtures Using Mathematical Methods

A Comparative Study of Experimental and Theoretical Ultrasonic Velocity of Binary Liquid Mixtures Using Mathematical Methods

Ultrasonic Velocity and Heat Transfer Measurement of Binary Fluid (Diethyl Amine + Tetra Hydro Furan) and Hybrid CuO Nanofluid (CuO + Diethyl Amine + Tetra Hydro Furan)

Diethylamine (DEA)+Tetrahydrofuran (THF) Binary fluids and CuO+Diethylamine+Tetrahydrofuran Hybrid CuO nanofluids of various concentrations are prepared using ultrasonic assisted methods. Ultrasonic velocity, thermal conductivity and viscosity values of binary fluids and hybrid CuO nanofluids are measured at temperatures ranging from 298 K to 318 K. Ultrasonic velocity can be used to calculate several acoustic parameters like Adiabatic compressibility (β), Inter molecular free length (Lf), Acoustical impedance (Z) which is very useful in the study of molecular interactions in the binary base fluids and hybrid CuO nanofluids. From the ultrasonic velocity studies the weak interaction present in the binary base fluids and hybrid nanofluids is confirmed. Our experimental result shows that thermal conductivity and viscosity values increases with the addition of CuO nanoparticle. The Brownian movement of the particle and inter particle forces between the molecules is responsible for the changes in thermal conductivity and viscosity.

The Study of Ultrasonic Velocity and Acoustical Parameters of the System Containing Aqueous Solution of Sodium Salt of 4-Amino Salicylic Acid at Different Temperatures

The Study of Ultrasonic Velocity and Acoustical Parameters of the System Containing Aqueous Solution of Sodium Salt of 4-Amino Salicylic Acid at Different Temperatures

Ultrasonic and magnetic investigations of the molecular interactions in zinc doped magnetite Nanofluids

Water-based magnetite nanofluids of various Zn-doping concentrations have been synthesized through co-precipitation method. The structural and morphological studies are done using X-Ray Diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy technique. Magnetic studies reveal that, all the samples possess superparamagnetic nature and the sample with dopant concentration x=0.2 shows maximum magnetization. Also, the particle size distribution is calculated for all the samples from M-H curves by fitting with Langevin function and is found to be in agreement with the values calculated from XRD and TEM. The Ultrasonic velocity studies shows that the sample with doping concentration x=0.2 shows higher inter-particle interaction. The measured ultrasonic velocity values of the undoped magnetite nanofluids at various temperatures are found to fit in the Urick model. Acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility, acoustic impedance, mean-free path, Rao's constant and Wada constant are derived and analysed, which again confirms the maximum interparticle interaction shown by Zn0.2Fe1.8O4 sample. The temperature effect on acoustical parameters is explained with open and closed packed structure of water. Also, the acoustical studies are made by applying various magnetic fields and the changes observed are attributed to the formation of clusters in the samples. In addition to that, the attenuation coefficient of ultrasonic wave propagating through all the samples is measured with and without applying magnetic field and is compared with value obtained using stoke's theory.

Evaluation of Theoretical Velocities and Comparative Study of Ultrasonic Velocities in Binary Liquid Mixtures of Ethyl Lactate with Branched Alkanols at Different Temperatures

Evaluation of Theoretical Velocities and Comparative Study of Ultrasonic Velocities in Binary Liquid Mixtures of Ethyl Lactate with Branched Alkanols at Different Temperatures