Ultrasonic Irradiation Treatment Research Articles

An Efficacious Synthesis of Xanthenones and Chromenopyrimidinediones Catalyzed by Copper Chromite Nanoparticles and Preliminary Assessment of Their Bioactivity

An ultrasonic irradiation-assisted green approach was developed for the facile preparation of xanthenones and chromenopyrimidinediones using copper chromite nanoparticles (CuCr2O4 NPs) as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst. The desired products were formed by a one-pot three-component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, 3,4-methylenedioxyphenol, and C-H activated acidic compounds including dimedone and 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid. Various aromatic aldehydes extended the scope and generality of the presented route. Using water as green and nonvolatile solvent and ultrasonic irradiation as an innocuous energy resource, high yields of products within a short reaction time increase the current protocol’s economic and environmental superiority. Compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial inhibition against some selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The results showed that the growth of Gram-positive bacteria was highly inhibited by only compounds 5a, 5b, 6d, and 6e, while the rest of test compounds show moderate effects on microbial growth. All test compounds, aside compound 6d, did not display any remarkable growth inhibitory activity against the Gram-negative bacteria. Highlights The present study introduces a ground work for the application prospects of ultrasound-based novel, green, and sustainable method for the preparation of some xanthenone and chromenopyrimidinedione derivatives. Copper chromite nanoparticles have appeared as efficacious and reusable catalyst for ultrasonic irradiation treatment in the synthesis of the above-mentioned compounds. The present study establishes that several synthesized compounds show good antimicrobial effects against the standard Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes and Gram-negative bacterium Serratia marescens. Due to the best of our knowledge for these previously known compounds, this study is the first report of their promising antimicrobial activity.

Integrated phycoremediation and ultrasonic-irradiation treatment (iPUT) for the enhanced removal of pharmaceutical contaminants in wastewater

Ultrasonication using low frequencies of sound can increase cell organogenesis, which is beneficial for various industrial applications. This study demonstrates a novel approach of integrated phycoremediation and ultrasonication-irradiation treatment (iPUT) used for improving the degradation of sulfonamide antibiotics via a cumulative effect of combined treatments. Variable ultrasonication treatment (UT) (20 %-2 min to 40 %-10 min) was given to a model microalga, Chlamydomonas mexicana in two ways, 1) single ultrasonic treatment (SUT) and 2) multiple-intermittent ultrasonic treatments (IUT). The microalgal growth was slightly affected by SUT, while it significantly inhibited by IUT. The removal of sulfacetamide and sulfapyridine was significantly improved by >1.7-fold and >1.95-fold at 20 % of SUT and IUT treatment, respectively, compared to control. In the case of sulfamethazine, the SUT showed maximum removal (33.5 %) at 20 %, whereas IUT could achieve 27.5 % removal at the same ultrasonication conditions compared to 9.5 % removal in control. The IUT accelerated the degradation of sulfamethoxazole and sulfadimethoxine more than SUT showing a 9- fold and 12- fold increase in the removal of sulfamethoxazole and sulfadimethoxine with 20 % and 40 % treatments, respectively. The changes in microalgal cell morphology due to ultrasonication treatment were the main cause of enforced uptake and subsequent degradation of these ECs.

STUDI KADAR TANIN DAN INHIBISI OKSIDAN HASIL MASERASI BIJI PINANG WANGI DENGAN PERLAKUAN DAN TANPA PERLAKUAN ULTRASONIK

Areca nut from Padang Pariaman as an export commodity is rich in tannin content and its ability as an antioxidant is used as the object of this research. The extraction of fragrant betel nut seeds has been carried out using the usual kinetic maceration method and the kinetic maceration method with ultrasonic wave irradiation pretreatment. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of ultrasonic irradiation on the tannin content, total phenol and antioxidant inhibition of the ethanol extract of areca nut seeds. A total of 20 grams of areca nut powder in a mesh variation of 20, 40 and 70 was extracted in 200 ml of ethanol with a solvent variation of 65% and 80%. Using three treatments, namely maceration treatment without ultrasonic irradiation, maceration with 15 minutes of ultrasonic irradiation pretreatment and the third treatment with 30 minutes of ultrasonic irradiation. The solvent was evaporated in a rotary evaporator and then tested for tannin levels using Follin Denish and DPPH reagents to measure antioxidants. The results of the highest tannin content were obtained in the third treatment, namely maceration with ultrasonic irradiation treatment 30 minutes, areca nut powder size 40 mesh, ethanol solvent 80% obtained tannin content of 12.5%. Meanwhile, the highest antioxidant activity was obtained at 70 mesh size, 80% ethanol solvent and the same treatment, which was 81.78.

Effect of Ultrasonic Irradiation Treatment on the Composites of Polyaniline/Cadmium Sulfide

Effect of Ultrasonic Irradiation Treatment on the Composites of Polyaniline/Cadmium Sulfide

Zeolite RHO Synthesis Accelerated by Ultrasonic Irradiation Treatment

In recent years, there are increasing interest on applying ultrasonic irradiation for the synthesis of zeolite due to its advantages including remarkable shortened synthesis duration. In this project, the potential of ultrasonic irradiation treatment on the synthesis of zeolite RHO was investigated. Ultrasonic irradiation treatment time was varied from 30 to 120 minutes for the synthesis of zeolite RHO. The zeolite RHO solid samples were characterized with X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis. The application of ultrasonic irradiation treatment in this study has accelerated the synthesis of zeolite RHO where the synthesis duration has been significantly shortened to 2 days compared to 8 days required by conventional hydrothermal heating without ultrasonic irradiation treatment. Highly crystalline zeolite RHO crystals in truncated octahedron morphology were successfully formed.

Efficiency of crude oil ultrasonic irradiation treatment

Efficiency of crude oil ultrasonic irradiation treatment

Synthesis of small pore zeolite via ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal synthesis

Abstract Sonochemistry is the implementation of ultrasound wave to chemical reactions and processes. Remarkable progress has been achieved over the years on ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal synthesis in zeolites. Ultrasonic irradiation is gaining popularity among researchers due to its ability in enhancing the zeolite crystallization and shortening significantly zeolite synthesis duration. In this project, zeolite RHO were synthesized via ultrasonic irradiation and followed by hydrothermal synthesis. The effect of ultrasonic irradiation on the synthesis of zeolite RHO was investigated. The zeolite RHO samples were characterized with X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The application of ultrasonic irradiation treatment in current study has significantly shortened the synthesis duration of zeolite RHO from 7 days to 2 days compared to the conventional hydrothermal synthesis without ultrasonic irradiation treatment.

A one-step ultrasonic irradiation assisted strategy for the preparation of polymer-functionalized carbon quantum dots and their biological imaging

Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (FCNs) have gradually become the most promising alternative candidates to other traditional fluorescent nanomaterials for biological applications on account of their excellent fluorescence property and remarkable biocompatibility. Although many methods have reported on the preparation of FCNs, to date, no studies have reported the preparation of polymers of functionalized FCNs. A high-efficiency method was developed in this work to synthesize high-quality poly(ethylene oxide) (PEG)-functionalized FCNs from cigarette ash and thiol group-containing PEG via a facile one-pot ultrasonic irradiation treatment. A series of characterization techniques demonstrated the uniform nanoscale size, good fluorescence stability, high water dispersibility and remarkable biocompatibility of the generated FCNs. Furthermore, cell imaging was easily achieved at high resolution using the synthetic FCNs as probes, which validates their potential for bioimaging applications. In summary, an efficient one-pot strategy is reported for the first time on the preparation of PEG-functionalized FCNs with the assistance of ultrasonic irradiation. This method should be of great research interest for the fabrication of other polymer-functionalized FCNs with designable properties and functions.

Comparison between preparative methodologies of nanostructured carbon nitride and their use as selective photocatalysts in water suspension

Carbon nitride photocatalysts have been prepared by different methodologies, such as chemical ultrasonic irradiation (sonochemical treatment), hydrothermal and ball milling and thermoexfoliation, and have been used for the selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF) to form 2,5-furandicarboxyaldehyde (FDC) in water suspension both under UV and natural solar irradiation. The physico-chemical features of the photocatalysts have been studied by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and specific surface area measurements. The results indicate that exfoliation of carbon nitrides can increase the conversion of HMF and the selectivity to FDC. In particular, samples exfoliated by both thermal and acidic ultrasonic irradiation treatments showed the best photocatalytic performance.

Effect ­­­­­of ultrasonic irradiation treatment on rheological behaviour of extra heavy crude oil: A solution method for transportation improvement

AbstractThe highly viscous property of heavy oil often causes problems in its transportation in pipelines. Mixing heavy oil with light oil as well as ultrasound treatment are viable solutions to this problem. In this study, extra heavy crude oil samples were first diluted with 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 mL/mL (0, 5, 10, and 15 vol%) of a light crude oil; then the mixture was irradiated by ultrasonic waves for 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min; finally the viscous shear functions of all mixtures was measured at different values of shear rate at different temperature levels. The results revealed that the minimum viscosity of the diluted extra heavy crude oil samples was obtained at 10 min of ultrasonic irradiation. Moreover, the viscosity reduction rate in relation to temperature decreases as temperature increases. In other words, the maximum viscosity reduction rate occurred at 0.05 mL/mL (5 vol%) of light crude oil. Using the experimental data, the parameters of common rheological models were obtained and a new modified Power Law model was presented to calculate the effect of shear rate and temperature simultaneously.

Reversible Control of Underwater Oil Wettability of a Titanium Dioxide Surface through Ultraviolet and Ultrasonic Irradiation

Abstract Ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyst surfaces exhibit excellent oil repellency and therefore an oil droplet cannot adhere to its surface in water even when tightly pressed to it. Ultrasonic irradiation treatment in water greatly decreases the degree of underwater oleophobicity, allowing the oil droplet to adhere to the surface in water. We demonstrate that UV and ultrasonic irradiation treatment can be used to reversibly change the underwater oil repellency of TiO2 surfaces.

Combination of interventional adenovirus-p53 introduction and ultrasonic irradiation in the treatment of liver cancer.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the combination of interventional adenovirus-p53 (Ad-p53) introduction and ultrasonic irradiation (CIAIUI) treatment for liver cancer, including evaluating the Ad-p53 transfection efficiency and the impact of the p53 gene on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloprotein 2 (MMP2) protein expression levels. Ad-p53 was arterially infused into the hepatic carcinoma via the interventional introduction of the hepatic tumor-bearing artery (IIHTBA) or the CIAIUI. Serum VEGF levels were determined by performing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; immunohistochemical analysis was used to identify the expression levels of intratumoral p53, MMP2 and VEGF; and western blot analysis was used to determine the impact of different Ad-p53 administration methods on the expression of wild-type p53. The wild-type p53 expression level was significantly higher in the p53-treated group compared with the control group, and the p53 expression level in the CIAIUI group was significantly higher compared with the non-irradiation group. The CIAIUI could significantly reduce the serum VEGF levels. The two delivery methods caused a reduction in the intratumoral VEGF and MMP2 expression levels, and the effects of CIAIUI were most obvious. Ad-p53 infusion via IIHTBA promoted the protein expression levels of p53, however, it inhibited the protein expression levels of MMP2 and VEGF, indirectly indicating that the gene may inhibit the growth of liver cancer. Therefore, CIAIUI therapy exhibited an overall improved therapeutic effect compared with the more simple IIHTBA therapy.

Enhancing the brightness of Si nanocrystal light-emitting devices with electro-excited surface plasmons

The use of electro-excited surface plasmons (SPs) in Ag nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) is shown to enhance the brightness of Si nanocrystal light-emitting devices (Si-NC LEDs). The Ag-NPs are prepared on the Si-NC thin film by ultrasonic irradiation and postannealing treatments. Electro-excited SPs on Ag-NPs are found, which are induced by electron impact on Ag-NPs and the front electrode Al layer during the charge injection process of LED. The electro-excited SPs enhance the electroluminescence of Si-NC, or LED brightness, via the SP field coupling to the exciton dipole moment of Si-NC. A maximal 5.2-fold brightness enhancement of Si-NC LED is achieved at the postannealing temperature of 200 °C. Remnant far-field radiations arising from electro-excited SPs are detected, which further supports the existence of such SPs.

Combined of ultrasound irradiation with high hydrostatic pressure (US/HHP) as a new method to improve immobilization of dextranase onto alginate gel

In this research work, dextranase was immobilized onto calcium alginate beads by the combination of ultrasonic irradiation and high hydrostatic pressure (US/HHP) treatments. Effects of US/HHP treatments on loading efficiency and immobilization yield of dextranase enzyme onto calcium alginate beads were investigated. Furthermore, the activities of immobilized enzymes prepared with and without US/HHP treatments and that prepared with ultrasonic irradiation (US) and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), as a function of pH, temperature, recyclability and enzyme kinetic parameters, were compared with that for free enzyme. The maximum loading efficiency and the immobilization yield were observed when the immobilized dextranase was prepared with US (40W at 25kHz for 15min) combined with HHP (400MPa for 15min), under which the loading efficiency and the immobilization yield increased by 88.92% and 80.86%, respectively, compared to immobilized enzymes prepared without US/HHP treatment. On the other hand, immobilized enzyme prepared with US/HHP treatment showed Vmax, KM, catalytic and specificity constants values higher than that for the immobilized enzyme prepared with HHP treatment, indicated that, this new US/HHP method improved the catalytic kinetics activity of immobilized dextranase at all the reaction conditions studied. Compared to immobilized enzyme prepared either with US or HHP, the immobilized enzymes prepared with US/HHP method exhibited a higher: pH optimum, optimal reaction temperature, thermal stability and recyclability, and lower activation energy, which, illustrating the effectiveness of the US/HHP method. These results indicated that, the combination of US and HHP treatments could be an effective method for improving the immobilization of enzymes in polymers.

Reaction Kinetics for Lead‐Free 0.94(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3–0.06LiNbO3 Ceramic Synthesis with Ultrasonic Irradiation

The effects of ultrasonic irradiation treatment at room temperature on the nonisothermal reaction kinetics for the formation of 0.94(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3‐0.06LiNbO3 (0.94KNN–0.06LN) lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics were studied. It was observed that sonication dramatically decreased the sizes of the starting material aggregates and enhanced the interaction between the individual reactants even at room temperature. Through quantitative analyses on the activation energies of the decomposition of the starting alkali carbonates and formation of the resulting perovskite phase, it was found that the activation energies decreased with increasing ultrasonic power. More interestingly, the activation barrier for the decomposition of the carbonates was reduced to below the critical value for the crystallization of the perovskite phase with the high irradiation power, so that the reaction of forming the perovskite phase was not rate‐limited by the decomposition of the carbonates. This finding highlights the significance of ultrasound utility in processing KNN‐based ceramics with reduced synthesis temperature and thus improved control of chemical stoichiometry.

A transendocardial delivery and intracardiac ultrasound irradiation treatment catheter

Objectives: This study introduces the structural design, working principles, performance testing and treatment effects of a newly developed ultrasonic irradiation delivery and treatment catheter system that integrates interventional catheterization technology.Background: Systemic administration method needs a high dose of gene and induces side effect of non-target organ delivery. Direct intramyocardial injection of a low-dose angiogenic gene followed by insonation treatment can enhance gene expression. So, a novel transendocardial gene delivery and intracardiac ultrasound irradiation strategy was tested.Methods: The medical interventional ultrasonic therapeutic apparatus is comprised of an ultrasonic irradiation catheter and a host. The ultrasonic irradiation catheter, which is equipped with an advance-and-retreat convenient miniature syringe needle and a miniature piezoelectric transducer on the tip, was used. Twelve dogs were divided into three groups: (1) EGFP and US (EGFP + US), (2) EGFP alone and (3) control group. In the EGFP + US group, EGFP plasmid DNA (500 µg) was injected and followed by intracardiac insonation. In the EGFP alone group, EGFP plasmid DNA (500 µg) was injected without insonation. In the control group, saline was injected.Results: The catheter can enter the heart through percutaneous intervention to realize intramyocardial injection, directly irradiate cardiac muscular tissues at close range and correctly control the ultrasonic irradiation energy delivered to cardiac muscular tissues. Compared with the EGFP gene group, an average sixfold enhancement in gene expression was achieved in the EGFP EGFP + US group (p < 0.05).Conclusions: The experimental results confirmed that the treatment catheter was safe and reliable, which can realize transendocardial intramyocardial gene injection in the left ventricular chamber, and the ultrasonic parameter can increase gene expression after intracardiac ultrasonic irradiation. The intracardiac ultrasound irradiation treatment catheter may be a useful delivery and therapy tool in the future.

Properties of ZnO Rod-Like Structures Due to Collapse of Bubble Implosion Process

In this work, a chemically grown ZnO rod – like structure is produced via precipitation and post – sonication treatment based on the hydrolysis of zinc iodide (ZnI2) and diethanolamine (DEA). ZnO rod – like structures with aspect ratio of 3 to 4(diameter of 235 nm and 800 nm in length) was observed from the TEM micrograph.The as-synthesized ZnO wurtzite structure was compared to sample without ultrasonic irradiation treatment to study the effect of bubble implosion on the formation of the particle. In contrast to particles treated with ultrasonic irradiation, micron sized and agglomerated particles were observed in sample without the treatment. The mechanism related to acoustic cavitations and the formation of rod – like structure is explained. The XRD results show polycrystalline structure on both samples. The optical property of ZnO was evaluated using room temperature UV - Visible absorption spectroscopy. The result showed an absorption peak at 381 nm in wavelength.

Sonochemical synthesis of β-Co(OH)2 hexagonal nanoplates and their electrochemical capacitive behaviors

β-Co(OH)2 hexagonal nanoplates with an average diameter of 500nm and a thickness of about 60nm have been successfully synthesized via a fast efficient ultrasonic irradiation route in a very simple system composed only of water, cobalt nitrate and ammonium hydroxide. The structure and morphological characterizations of the obtained samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of the ultrasonic power and time on the formation of the unique hexagonal nanoplates were also tentatively discussed. Electrochemical properties were further evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge tests. A maximum specific capacitance value of 531Fg−1 at 0.5A g−1 could be achieved in 6moll−1 KOH for the resulted β-Co(OH)2 hexagonal nanoplates, compared to 165Fg−1 for the block-like β-Co(OH)2 obtained without the ultrasonic irradiation treatment, showing the morphological effects on the capacitive performance. In addition, the β-Co(OH)2 nanoplates can offer a good specific capacitance retention of about 90% after 1000cycles, suggesting its potential application in supercapacitors.

Effects of Ultrasonic and Physical-Rays Treatment on the Molecular Structures of Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid)

Molecule structures of poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) were modified by ultrasonic, UV and 60Co γ-rays irradiation treatments, which might be used to prepare the polymer with low molecular weight. When 10 g/l γ-PGA solution was sonicated 60 times (400W, working time 3 s and interval 4 s) or that of 20 g/l solution was irradiated from 2 kGy to 10 kGy, the long-chain molecules were broken into smaller fragments. But, as the same solution of 10 g/l was irradiated by UV rays for 10 min, the molecular aggregates were observed in the solution so that the molecular weight distribution of γ-PGA became narrower compared with the control through the analysis of SDS-PAGE. These results would have a reference of the modification of γ-PGA molecules and the production of low molecular weight γ-PGA.

Enhanced decomposition of (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) acetic acid by combined ultrasonic and oxidative treatment

Combined ultrasonic (US) irradiation and sodium peroxodisulfate (Na2S2O8) treatment has been investigated for promotion of both decomposition of (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) acetic acid (MCPA) and mineralization of organic residues. This treatment is expected to accelerate both reactions, because the US cavitation effect promotes the production of radicals, such as SO4−· and OH·, by the decomposition of Na2S2O8 and water. In this study, decomposition experiments were performed on 100 ppm MCPA aqueous solutions in a sonoreactor at reaction temperatures of 298–333 K with US irradiation alone, Na2S2O8 treatment alone, and the combination of US and Na2S2O8 treatment. It was found that the combined treatment achieved a higher MCPA decomposition rate and total organic carbon (TOC) removal ratio than either treatment alone. The decomposition ratios of both MCPA and TOC increased with reaction temperature, and especially steep increases were observed at 333 K due to a significant promotion of thermal decomposition of Na2S2O8. The production of radical species was also promoted by the combined treatment. These results suggest that the higher MCPA decomposition rate and TOC removal ratio are due to the increased formation of sulfate and hydroxyl radicals via thermal and US decomposition of Na2S2O8.