Ultrasonic Flowmeter Research Articles

An in situ inferior vena cava ligation-stenosis model to study thrombin generation rates with flow

BackgroundBlood flow-induced shear stress affects platelet participation in coagulation and thrombin generation. We aimed to develop an in vivo model to characterize thrombin generation rates under flow.MethodsAn in situ inferior vena cava (IVC) ligation-stenosis model was established using C57BL/6 mice. Wild type C57BL/6 mice were fed normal chow diet for two weeks before experiments. On the day of experiments, mice were anesthetized, followed by an incision through the abdominal skin to expose the IVC, which was then ligated (followed by reperfusion through a stenosis for up to 2 h). IVC blood flow rate was monitored using a Transonic ultrasound flow meter. In sham animals, the IVC was exposed following the same procedure, but no ligation was applied. Thrombin generation following IVC ligation was estimated by measuring mouse plasma prothrombin fragment 1–2 concentration. Mouse plasma factor Va concentration was measured using phospholipids and a modified prothrombinase assay. Blood vessel histomorphology, vascular wall ICAM-1, von Willebrand Factor, tissue factor, and PECAM-1 expression were measured using immunofluorescence microscopy.ResultsIVC blood flow rate increased immediately following ligation and stenosis formation. Sizable clots formed in mouse IVC following ligation and stenosis formation. Both plasma factor Va and prothrombin fragment 1–2 concentration reduced significantly following IVC ligation/stenosis, while no changes were observed with ICAM-1, von Willebrand Factor, tissue factor and PECAM-1 expression.ConclusionClot formation was successful. However, the prothrombin-thrombin conversion rate constant in vivo cannot be determined as local thrombin and FVa concentration (at the injury site) cannot be accurately measured. Modification to the animal model is needed to further the investigation.

Increased contribution of KCa channels to muscle contraction induced vascular and blood flow responses in sedentary and exercise trained ZFDM rats

In resistance arteries, endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH)-mediated vasodilatation is depressed in diabetes. We hypothesized that downregulation of KCa channel derived EDH reduces exercise-induced vasodilatation and blood flow redistribution in diabetes. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated vascular function in response to hindlimb muscle contraction, and the contribution of KCa channels in anaesthetised ZFDM, metabolic disease rats with type 2 diabetes. We also tested whether exercise training ameliorated the vascular response. Using in vivo microangiography, the hindlimb vasculature was visualized before and after rhythmic muscle contraction (0.5s tetanus every 3s, 20 times) evoked by sciatic nerve stimulation (40Hz). Femoral blood flow of the contracting hindlimb was simultaneously measured by an ultrasonic flowmeter. The contribution of KCa channels was investigated in the presence and absence of apamin and charybdotoxin. We found that vascular and blood flow responses to muscle contraction were significantly impaired at the level of small artery segments in ZFDM fa/fa rats compared to its lean control fa/+ rats. The contribution of KCa channels was also smaller in fa/fa than in fa/+ rats. Low-intensity exercise training for 12weeks in fa/fa rats demonstrated minor changes in the vascular and blood flow response to muscle contraction. However, the KCa-derived component in the response to muscle contraction was much greater in exercise trained than in sedentary fa/fa rats. These data suggest that exercise training increases the contribution of KCa channels among endothelium-dependent vasodilatory mechanisms to maintain vascular and blood flow responses to muscle contraction in this metabolic disease rat model. KEY POINTS: Microvascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes impairs blood flow redistribution during exercise and limits the performance of skeletal muscle and may cause early fatigability. Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH), which mediates vasodilatation in resistance arteries, is known to be depressed in animals with diabetes. Here, we report that low-intensity exercise training in ZFDM rats increased the KCa channel-derived component in the vasodilator responses to muscle contraction compared to that in sedentary rats, partly as a result of the increase in KCNN3 expression. These results suggest that low-intensity exercise training improves blood flow redistribution in contracting skeletal muscle in metabolic disease with diabetes via upregulation of EDH.

Design of ultrasonic flowmeter for wet gas measurement

When an ultrasonic flowmeter (UFM) is applied in the measurement of wet gas, the ultrasonic signal attenuates and fluctuates strongly because of the liquid film and droplets in gas. It is hard to obtain the accurate time of flight (TOF) of ultrasound. Besides, the gas velocity distribution on a pipe cross section changes with different flow patterns, making it difficult to determine the measurement model. In order to solve these problems, a dual-channel UFM is specially designed and a measurement system is built. Then, a dynamic threshold method based on statistical average signal amplitude is proposed to obtain the TOF of ultrasound in wet gas. Combined with the classical void fraction model, the wet gas velocity measurement model for the dual-channel UFM is established based on a neural network. Finally, experiments are carried out on a DN50 wet gas device, where pressure is 0.1 MPa, gas superficial velocity is 5–20 m s−1 and liquid volume fraction is 0.2%–5%. The results show that the average relative error of gas velocity is 0.52% and the maximum relative uncertainty is 0.491%.

Measurement best practice: ‘To the standards and beyond!’

Ultrasonic flow measurement technology has been used in practical applications for more than 50 years, and for over 30 years in custody transfer oil and gas applications. To acquire optimal results, local regulatory, buyer–seller contracts and international standards are applied. One aspect, recalibration, is often specific to the local regulations within the country of use. In this paper, we will discuss the past, present and future of ultrasonic flowmeter diagnostics. Starting at the beginning, we will discuss the first patent on ultrasonic flow measurement in 1928, to the present condition-based monitoring (CBM) software tools automating data evaluation and providing users with audit trails. The purpose of the modern ultrasonic meter is both to provide high-accuracy flow measurement, and to monitor the health of the meter. Modern diagnostic features help identify any potential cause(s) of measurement deviations.

A novel differential time-of-flight algorithm for high-precision ultrasonic gas flow measurement

The use of ultrasonic gas flow meters has expanded in industrial and household fields owing to their unique advantages. The transit-time method is applied to measure the gas flow rate by determining the absolute time-of-flight (TOF). However, it is inevitable that there is a contradiction between long time scale and high time precision of absolute TOF. In this paper, a novel differential TOF (ΔT) algorithm is proposed for high-precision ultrasonic gas flow measurements. The experimental results proved that ΔT plays a decisive role in the actual flow rate calculation. Therefore, when the absolute TOF is obtained, furthermore, the high-precision ΔT is calculated by the cross-power spectrum method separately. The two echo signals are aligned and compared to obtain ΔT, instead of subtracting the absolute TOFs. Either of the two echo signals is the reference signal of each other, which also avoids the problem of finding reference signals. The results of the calibration experiment indicate that the algorithm improves the stability of zero flow drift under static conditions and the accuracy of the dynamic flow rates. The algorithm allows the adjustment of parameters to be applied to pipes of different diameters. The parameters of the algorithm can be adjusted for application to ultrasonic flow metering systems of different diameters.

Penempatan Posisi Transduser Ultrasonik Pada Penampang Pipa untuk Pengukuran Laju Aliran Fluida

Fluid flow rate measurement is important in industries, especially determining fluid flow rate. This process requires a good level of precision and accuracy because it refers to each volumetric's price or custody transfer processor. Many devices are used to measure flow rates, but from some devices, ultrasonic flowmeters are considered, which have more advantages than others. Ultrasonic flowmeters also have some problems, especially in installation, so this research aims to simulate the position of path configuration. The method refers to the weighting process of multi-path configuration and the simulation of track performance, which includes three-factor, hydrodynamic (H), orientation sensitivity (S) and orientation range (T). Each trajectory pattern is rotated 1ᴼ at each angle. In addition, there are also parameter functions that are used to image the profile. The test uses 7 path configurations, so an ideal form is obtained to be implemented. After multiplying weighting factors, the obtained value of hydrodynamic (H) for Area weighting method (1.002), the best value 1. Orientation sensitivity (S), with Area weighting method (0.019), the best result is 0. Meanwhile, with orientation range (T) 1%, with Area weighting method (163,2), the best value is 180.

Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Minipigs as a Robust Tool to Model Acute Kidney Injury: Technical Notes and Characteristics.

ObjectiveVeno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vv-ECMO) can save lives in severe respiratory distress, but this innovative approach has serious side-effects and is accompanied by higher rates of iatrogenic morbidity. Our aims were, first, to establish a large animal model of vv-ECMO to study the pathomechanism of complications within a clinically relevant time frame and, second, to investigate renal reactions to increase the likelihood of identifying novel targets and to improve clinical outcomes of vv-ECMO-induced acute kidney injury (AKI).MethodsAnesthetized Vietnamese miniature pigs were used. After cannulation of the right jugular and femoral veins, vv-ECMO was started and maintained for 24 hrs. In Group 1 (n = 6) ECMO was followed by a further 6-hr post-ECMO period, while (n = 6) cannulation was performed without ECMO in the control group, with observation maintained for 30 h. Systemic hemodynamics, blood gas values and hour diuresis were monitored. Renal artery flow (RAF) was measured in the post-ECMO period with an ultrasonic flowmeter. At the end of the experiments, renal tissue samples were taken for histology to measure myeloperoxidase (MPO) and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity and to examine mitochondrial function with high-resolution respirometry (HRR, Oroboros, Austria). Plasma and urine samples were collected every 6 hrs to determine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) concentrations.ResultsDuring the post-ECMO period, RAF dropped (96.3 ± 21 vs. 223.6 ± 32 ml/min) and, similarly, hour diuresis was significantly lower as compared to the control group (3.25 ± 0.4 ml/h/kg vs. 4.83 ± 0.6 ml/h/kg). Renal histology demonstrated significant structural damage characteristic of ischemic injury in the tubular system. In the vv-ECMO group NGAL levels, rose significantly in both urine (4.24 ± 0.25 vs. 2.57 ± 0.26 ng/ml) and plasma samples (4.67 ± 0.1 vs. 3.22 ± 0.2 ng/ml), while tissue XOR (5.88 ± 0.8 vs. 2.57 ± 0.2 pmol/min/mg protein) and MPO (11.93 ± 2.5 vs. 4.34 ± 0.6 mU/mg protein) activity was elevated. HRR showed renal mitochondrial dysfunction, including a significant drop in complex-I-dependent oxidative capacity (174.93 ± 12.7 vs. 249 ± 30.07 pmol/s/ml).ConclusionSignificantly decreased renal function with signs of structural damage and impaired mitochondrial function developed in the vv-ECMO group. The vv-ECMO-induced acute renal impairment in this 30-hr research protocol provides a good basis to study the pathomechanism, biomarker combinations or possible therapeutic possibilities for AKI.

Monitoring Approaches for New-Generation Energy Performance Certificates in Residential Buildings

In 2002, the Energy Performance of Building Directive (EPBD) introduced energy certification schemes to classify and compare building performances to support reaching energy efficiency targets by informing the different actors of the building sectors. However, since its implementation, the Energy Performance Certifications (EPCs) remained unexploited with limited impact on the energy savings targets. In this context, the EPC RECAST project aims at studying a new generation of EPCs with a focus on the residential sector. More in detail, the paper presents and frames a monitoring approach based on low-cost and non-invasive technology for real data collection in existing residential apartments/houses. The method is based on different levels of monitoring selected according to the typology of the building (e.g., detached house, apartment), services (e.g., centralized or local energy generation), and energy vectors (e.g., natural gas or electricity). Three different levels have been identified (named as: basic, medium, and advanced) and for each one, different plug and play monitoring sensor kits have been selected. Six representative pilot buildings have been identified and selected to verify the approach in general and, in particular, the sensors’ applicability and communication, the data reliability, and the monitoring platform. The presented work highlights, on the one hand, the general feasibility of the proposed monitoring approach; on the other, it highlights the difficulty of fully standardizing the sensors kits considering that each building/apartment has specific characteristics and constraints that have to be carefully analyzed. The use of the ultrasonic flow meters represents a good technical option for reducing the cost and the impact on the existing plant system; however, their installation must be verified considering that the logger needs to be powered and the sensors calibrated for collecting reliable data.

The Resulting Effect of Flow Pulsations on Calibration Constant of Acoustic Path in Ultrasonic Flowmeters.

The present paper compares, for the first time, the regimes of a pulsating turbulent flow in a smooth pipe in terms of 0.001 ≤ ω+ ≤ 0.0346 and 0.16 ≤ β ≤ 0.63 at Re ≈ 7000 with the uncertainty in estimating the flow rate by an ultrasonic flowmeter. It was revealed that the classification of pulsating flow regimes according to the dimensionless angular frequency ω+ does not have a direct relation with the K parameter equal to the ratio of the phase-average calibration constant in pulsating flow to the corresponding value in steady flow. The results of data processing showed that K depends on the relative amplitude of pulsations β and the position of the chord of the ultrasonic beam trajectory (L/R is distance L from the pipe center to the chord to the pipe radius R). In the coordinates β and L/R, there is a rather wide area where the uncertainty in flow rate estimation of pulsating flows should not exceed 0.5%. An increase in β or L/R leads to an increase in measurement uncertainty, which in the limiting case β, L/R → 1 can reach 5% or more. Favorable and unfavorable areas of the pipe section were identified when scanning pulsating flows and the effectiveness of using multi-path scanning schemes was estimated to reduce the resulting effect of flow pulsations on flow measurement uncertainty.

Bias error in measurement of complex flow regime with ultrasonic flowmeter

Abstract Ultrasonic flowmeters are widely used for flow measurement. We proposed a theoretical model to quantify the measurement error caused by the deviation of ultrasonic propagation trajectory in complex flow regimes. The three-dimensional ultrasonic propagation model is based on the assumption of ray acoustics. The results show that the trajectory offset of ultrasonic waves and velocity measurement errors in a three-dimensional non-uniform flow field is of the first order of the Mach number. Unlike gas flow, the Mach number of open channel flow is small, and the velocity measurement error of open channel ultrasonic flowmeter can be safely ignored.

Flow disturbance compensation calculated with flow simulations for ultrasonic clamp-on flowmeters with optimized path arrangement

Ultrasonic clamp-on flowmeters (USCF) are popular among measurement technologies due to the versatility of applications, increasing accuracy, and easy, non-intrusive mounting, with the sensors being mounted directly on the external surface of the pipe. In industrial applications, installation space is usually restricted and therefore, flowmeters must be mounted often directly downstream of flow disturbances (FD). A major issue of USCF is the long inlet run needed downstream of FD to achieve a measurement within the specified accuracy. A configuration of two V-paths is proposed, axially rotated 90° relative to each other, that compensates for the flow error introduced due to disturbed flow conditions, independent of the rotational position of the flowmeter. Flow disturbance compensation (FlowDC) is achieved, i.e., accurate measurements within the specification of 2% flow rate accuracy, when the flowmeter is mounted as close as 2 pipe diameters (D) downstream of a FD. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are employed to generate rotationally independent correction factors that compensate for the error introduced from disturbed inlet conditions. An automated simulation method is developed to generate correction factors for 90° bend, out-of-plane bend, expansion, and contraction, at mounting distances from 2D to 100D, several flow rates, and rotational positions 0°, 90°, 180°, 270°. This study would be practically impossible with non-automated simulations or solely with measurements. In-house experiments were performed with an industrial clamp-on device at selected distances from the FD with the aim of verifying the simulation results. An independent field-test is presented that showcases the value of FlowDC in USCF applications. The automated simulations have the capability to simulate further FDs on-demand, with the aim of creating a database for the needs of the respective application in industry.

Factors influencing the functional status of aortic valve in ovine models supported by continuous-flow left ventricular assist device.

ObjectivesAn acute animal experiment was performed to observe factors influencing the functional status of the aortic valve functional status after continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device (CF‐LVAD) implantation in an ovine model, and a physiologic predictive model was established.MethodsA CF‐LVAD model was established in Small Tail Han sheep. The initial heart rate (HR) was set to 60 beats/min, and grouping was performed at an interval of 20 beats/min. In all groups, the pump speed was started from 2000 rpm and was gradually increased by 50–100 rpm. A multi‐channel physiological recorder recorded the HR, aortic pressure, central venous pressure, and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP). A double‐channel ultrasonic flowmeter was used to obtain real‐time artificial vascular blood flow (ABF). A color Doppler ultrasound device was applied to assess the aortic valve functional status. Multivariate dichotomous logistic regression was used to screen significant variables for predicting the functional status of the aortic valve.ResultsObservational studies showed that ABF and the risk of aortic valve closure (AVC) were positively correlated with pump speed at the same HR. Meanwhile, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) was unaltered or slightly increased with increased pump speed. When the pump speed was constant, an increase in HR was associated with a decrease in the size of the aortic valve opening. This phenomenon was accompanied by an initial transient increase in the ABF and MAP, which subsequently decreased. Statistical analysis showed that the AVC was associated with increased pump speed (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.01–1.04, p = 0.001), decreased LVSP (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.91–0.98, p = 0.003), and decreased pulse pressure (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.68–0.96, p = 0.026). ABF or MAP was negatively associated with the risk of AVC (OR < 1). The prediction model of AVC after CF‐LVAD implantation exhibited good differentiation (AUC = 0.973, 95% CI = 0.978–0.995) and calibration performance (Hosmer–Lemeshow χ2 = 9.834, p = 0.277 > 0.05).ConclusionsThe pump speed, LVSP, ABF, MAP, and pulse pressure are significant predictors of the risk of AVC. Predictive models built from these predictors yielded good performance in differentiating aortic valve opening and closure after CF‐LVAD implantation.

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of a Novel Flow Conditioner for Accuracy Improvement of Ultrasonic Gas Flowmeters

The flow field is one of the key factors that affect the measuring accuracy of ultrasonic gas flowmeters. The present work demonstrates that the designed novel flow conditioner can enhance the measurement accuracy by homogenizing the velocity profile in the acoustic transmission area. The main objective of this study is to reduce the non-uniformity of flow on velocity distribution. To accomplish this objective, a combination of theoretical analysis and numerical simulations is implemented, and the results indicate that the 10:1 aspect ratio rectangular fluid channel is better applied in ultrasonic gas flowmeters. Thus, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model of novel flow conditioner based on the 10:1 fluid channel is simulated and validated by an experimental study. The results verify that the ultrasonic gas flowmeter composed of designed flow conditioner can reduce indication errors by up to 6&#x0025;; moreover, the repeatability of all the tested standard flow rates can meet the national standard and even be enhanced by 0.15&#x0025;.

Software for Calculating the Location Coordinates and Weighting Coefficients of Acoustic Paths of Ultrasonic Flow Meters

The article focuses on the development of software that allows you to calculate the location coordinates (x) and weighting coefficients (w) of acoustic paths of multipath chordal ultrasonic flow meters. The input data for the calculation are three (and in one case – four) parameters – the number of acoustic paths (N) ultrasonic flow meter, the type of numerical integration method, the internal diameter of the pipeline and degree (k) of weight function of Jacobi polynomial (if the Gauss-Jacobi numerical integration method was chosen). At the same time, the calculation is based on both table data (from mathematical directories) and on the analytical dependencies developed by the authors x = f(k) and w = f(k). The presence of such calculator software will simplify the work of developers, designers, scientists, and students who theoretically investigate the future influence of the geometric characteristics of ultrasonic flow meters on their metrological accuracy in various conditions of their operation.

Measurement of Fluid Flow with Different Velocity Profiles by New Built Ultrasonic Flowmeter

The paper describes the development of a non-invasive flowmeter for lower flow rates and its first tests. This gauge is physically based on the interaction of fluid flow with an ultrasonic signal that passes through the fluid from the transmitter to the receiver. Ultrasonic flowmeters are currently relatively commonly used gauges, whose advantages such as non-invasiveness (i.e. zero pressure losses) and the ability to seamlessly measure the flow rates of any (for example opaque) liquids, without contact with the liquid, are widely known. However, there are still parts of the ultrasonic flowmeter measurement chain that are undergoing research and development. It can be signal processing itself (mainly), its design solution, measurement for different flow cases (measurement in a flow field with a uniform velocity profile, in a flow field with an axisymmetric velocity profile, in a flow field with a general velocity profile), validation of the applied signal processing approaches, evaluation of uncertainties. The flowmeter itself, which development is described in the paper, will be used for trouble-free measurement in air engineering, but also serves as a training device for building a more complex ultrasonic gauge. Therefore, this flowmeter contains more signal transmitters and receivers than it is usual and all transmitter-receiver combinations are captured during the measurement. This gauge is called ultrasonic tomograph and its principle is also outlined in the paper. Here, so far, without a reconstructed vector field.

A NUMERICAL STUDY ON DETERMINATION OF TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTOR OF TEMPERATURE SENSOR MOUNTED ON ULTRASONIC FLOWMETER

A NUMERICAL STUDY ON DETERMINATION OF TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTOR OF TEMPERATURE SENSOR MOUNTED ON ULTRASONIC FLOWMETER

Measurement of large gas turbine cooling air flowrate for power generation using the heater method.

In large gas turbines, the cooling air flow rate is an important parameter for analyzing the temperature and efficiency of the stators and the blades, so measurement is desired. However, ultrasonic flowmeters are difficult to use because the temperature of the measuring section usually exceeds 300°C, while insertion-type flowmeters are difficult to apply because they require modifications to the piping for installation and cause a pressure drop. In this study, an attempt was made to apply the heater method to the measurement of cooling flow rates. In this method, an annular heater is attached to the outside of the pipe and the temperature distribution along the pipe axis is measured using thermocouples. The temperature distribution is affected by the flow velocity of the fluid in the pipe. The flow velocity can therefore be analyzed from the temperature distribution in the pipe. Measurements were conducted for two kinds of cooling air pipe at an advanced combined cycle power plant. In one, cooling air is extracted from the 13th stage of a compressor and supplied to the 2nd stators of the gas turbine; in the other, cooling air is extracted from the 9th stage of the compressor and supplied to the 3rd stators of the gas turbine. As a result, it was clarified that the cooling air flowrate had a positive dependence on atmospheric temperature at the plant. The dependence was also compared to that of a tit 1,600 degrees centigrade-class combined cycle power plant, with a power output of 700 MW.

A Survey on High Reynolds Number Pipe Flow for High Accurate Flowrate Measurement Using Ultrasonic Flowmeter

A Survey on High Reynolds Number Pipe Flow for High Accurate Flowrate Measurement Using Ultrasonic Flowmeter

Measurement of Pipe and Fluid Properties With a Matrix Array-Based Ultrasonic Clamp-On Flow Meter.

Current ultrasonic clamp-on flow meters consist of a pair of single-element transducers that are carefully positioned before use. This positioning process consists of manually finding the distance between the transducer elements, along the pipe axis, for which maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is achieved. This distance depends on the sound speed, thickness, and diameter of the pipe and on the sound speed of the liquid. However, these parameters are either known with low accuracy or completely unknown during positioning, making it a manual and troublesome process. Furthermore, even when sensor positioning is done properly, uncertainty about the mentioned parameters, and therefore on the path of the acoustic beams, limits the final accuracy of flow measurements. In this research, we address these issues using an ultrasonic clamp-on flow meter consisting of two matrix arrays, which enables the measurement of pipe and liquid parameters by the flow meter itself. Automatic parameter extraction, combined with the beam-steering capabilities of transducer arrays, yields a sensor capable of compensating for pipe imperfections. Three parameter extraction procedures are presented. In contrast to similar literature, the procedures proposed here do not require that the medium be submerged nor do they require a priori information about it. First, axial Lamb waves are excited along the pipe wall and recorded with one of the arrays. A dispersion curve-fitting algorithm is used to extract bulk sound speeds and wall thickness of the pipe from the measured dispersion curves. Second, circumferential Lamb waves are excited, measured, and corrected for dispersion to extract the pipe diameter. Third, pulse-echo measurements provide the sound speed of the liquid. The effectiveness of the first two procedures has been evaluated using simulated and measured data of stainless steel and aluminum pipes, and the feasibility of the third procedure has been evaluated using simulated data.

Multipath Flow Metering of High-Velocity Gas Using Ultrasonic Phased-Arrays

In this work we combine a multipath ultrasonic gas flow meter (UFM) with an ultrasonic air-coupled phased-array. This allows complementing the advantages of a multipath UFM, i.e. higher accuracy and more robustness to irregular flow, with the extended velocity measuring range due to sound drift compensation via a phased-array. We created a 3D-printed flow meter consisting of an <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8 \times 8\,\,\lambda /2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> phased-array for transmission and 14 individual receivers for seven upstream and seven downstream sound paths. Measurements were conducted in a test rig with a maximum gas flow rates of 8.3 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> (107 ms <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> ). A differential pressure nozzle was used as reference sensor. Three configurations were compared: Parallel sound paths with a single transmitter; parallel sound paths with the phased-array as transmitter; and fan-shaped sound paths with the phased-array as transmitter. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and deviation of measured flow were used as comparison criteria. In addition, we measured the optimum steering angles of the phased-array required to compensate the sound drift effect. Using the phased-array with the sound drift effect compensation enabled and disabled, the SNR increases by 10.6 dB and 4.95 dB, respectively, compared to the single transmitter setup at 83 m s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> . Furthermore, the phased-array with compensation active, extends the velocity measuring range by 29%, from 83 ms <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> to 107 m s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> , while maintaining a similar standard deviation of the flow measured. Besides demonstrating that a phased-array in a gas flow meter significantly extends the measurement range, our setup qualifies as versatile research platform for designing future high-velocity gas flow meters.