Ultrasonic Examination Research Articles

Factors associated with the elasticity of asymptomatic carotid plaques in hypertension Tibetan population.

Hypertension is a major risk factor for coronary, cerebrovascular, and the greatest cause of stroke. Half of stroke events are the result of cerebrovascular atherosclerosis, including carotid plaques. It is of major importance to detect which plaques are vulnerable, even though not yet ruptured. Due to the particularity of the Tibetan population, this study evaluated the elasticity of asymptomatic carotid plaques in Tibetan hypertension patients using shear wave elastography (SWE) and explored associated risk factors. A total of 91 Tibetan patients were divided into normotension, grade 1-2, and grade 3 hypertension groups based on the level of blood pressure. All subjects underwent common duplex ultrasonic examination and SWE evaluation for carotid plaques. Elasticity of carotid plaque was assessed by Young's modulus. The final analysis included 126 plaques as representative plaques according to Total Plaque Risk Score. The mean and maximum Young's modulus in the grade 3 hypertension group were smaller, and more plaques with irregularity surface compared with the other two groups (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed drinking butter tea (β = -0.220, p = 0.009; β = -0.240, p = 0.004, respectively) was the independent factor associated with mean and maximum Young's modulus. SWE is feasible for measurement of Young's modulus of carotid plaques. Plaques in the grade 3 hypertension group were more likely to become vulnerable ones. In hypertension Tibetan patients, drinking butter tea was an independent factor associated with mean and maximum Young's modulus of asymptomatic carotid plaque.

Effect of Anatomical and Physiological Factors on Ultrasonic Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System Score in Iraqi Women Presenting with Breast Lumps

BACKGROUND: Breast lumps are a common presentation that can be assess non-invasively using the ultrasonic examination. AIM: The study aimed to assess the effect of different anatomical and physiological factors on the outcome of ultrasonic scoring of breast lumps. METHODS: A total of 60 females presented with a breast lump on ultrasound assessment were randomly selected after their consent at the Clinic for Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Baghdad. The results were expressed according to the ultrasound breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) scoring. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the BI-RADS score with breast size, age, postmenopausal state, and personal or familial history of breast disease. Most cases (46.7%) scored BI-RADS II, followed by scores of III (21.6%), 4 (16.7%), and V (15%). The upper lateral quadrant of the breast was the most commonly affected sites. Marital status, parity, and breastfeeding didn’t have statistically significant influence on the sores. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonic BI-RADS scoring of breast lumps provides an initial reliable tool for the management of breast disease. Higher scores are associated with increasing breast size, age, postmenopausal state, and personal or familial history of breast disease. Several anatomical, physiological, hereditary, and environmental aspects influence such factors.

Symptomatic Gallstones in Young Patients Under the Age of 30 Years.

IntroductionGallstones are deposits of digestive fluid that is hardened into small pellets. Gallstones can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. The present study assessed the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients under the age of 30 years old with symptomatic gallstones.MethodologyA prospective, observational study was conducted at Surgical Unit-3, at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Pakistan, from July 2020 to July 2021. All patients suspected of having gallstone disease underwent ultrasonic examination. A diagnosis of gallstone disease was made if the gallbladder showed a hyperechoic mass casting a posterior acoustic shadow, with a change of position. All of the patients with gallstone disease were hospitalized. The patients were asked about their age, past history (with special emphasis on last pregnancy and years of oral contraceptive use, if any), socioeconomic status, and other demographic data. The patients were treated with a cholecystectomy, either laparoscopic or open. Postcholecystectomy complications, if any, were recorded.ResultsA total of 210 patients under the age of 30 years were included. The mean age of patients was 25 ± 3 years. The majority of the population were females, i.e., 170 (81%). Upon assessing the risk factors, it was found that 31.84% of the female patients had used oral contraceptives, 32.96% were pregnant at the time of presentation, 20.48% had diabetes mellitus, and 27.14% had a history of gallstones. Furthermore, it was found that about 114 (54.29%) patients were overweight with a body mass index (BMI) of 25-30 kg/m2. High triglyceride levels and high cholesterol levels were found in 108 (51.43%) and 115 (54.76%) of the patients, respectively, indicating a link between symptomatic gallstones and younger age.ConclusionOur study indicated that young people are prone to symptomatic gallstones. The rate of disease was considerably high among females and in patients with high cholesterol and triglyceride levels and abnormal body mass index. Further exploratory studies are needed to determine the cause of gallstones.

The AIUM Practice Parameter for the Performance of an Ultrasound Examination of the Neonatal and Infant Spine.

The AIUM Practice Parameter for the Performance of an Ultrasound Examination of the Neonatal and Infant Spine.

Speckle Tracking Algorithm-Based Ultrasonic Cardiogram in Evaluation of the Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine Combined with Bundle Strategy on Patients with Severe Sepsis.

The research aimed to study the effect of dexmedetomidine combined with bundle strategy on the cardiac function of patients with severe sepsis through pyramid speckle tracking algorithm-based echocardiography, expected to provide reference for its clinical treatment. 98 patients with severe sepsis or septic shock admitted to the hospital were selected as the research subjects, and they were equally divided into experimental group (dexmedetomidine + bundle strategy) and control group (dexmedetomidine + routine nursing), with 49 in each. Ultrasonic cardiogram examination was performed on patients before and after treatment, and the pyramid-based speckle tracking (PST) algorithm was designed and used. The results showed that the running time of the PST algorithm (105.25 s) was less than that of the BM algorithm (336.41 s), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), and the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, left ventricular wall, and heart rate of the experimental group before treatment were not significantly different from those of the control group (P > 0.05). The ultrasound index results found that the ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) of the two groups of patients showed a downward trend over time (1–7 days), while the E/A ratio showed an upward trend, and the E/A ratio of the experimental group was significantly greater than the control group (P < 0.05). The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, left ventricular wall, and heart rate of the two groups of patients showed a downward trend over time (1–7 days), and the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, left ventricular wall, and heart rate of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The 28-day mechanical ventilation time (6.97 ± 3.11 days), intensive care unit (ICU) stay time (9.18 ± 2.86 days), and the 28-day mortality rate (15.31%) of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group (6.97 ± 3.11 days; 13.08 ± 2.53 days; 31.95%) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the PST algorithm can effectively improve the quality of echocardiography and assist physicians in clinical evaluation, and dexmedetomidine combined with bundle strategy can stabilize the heart rate and reduce myocardial oxygen consumption in severe sepsis, while effectively shortens the recovery time and improves the overall prognosis.

Evidence and assessment of parenchymal patterns of ultrasonography for breast cancer detection among Chinese women: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundScreening of breast cancer in asymptomatic women is important to evaluate for early diagnosis. In China ultrasound is a more frequently used method than mammography for the detection of breast cancer. The objectives of the study were to provide evidence and assessment of parenchymal patterns of ultrasonography for breast cancer detection among Chinese women.MethodsBreast ultrasound examinations including the parenchymatous pattern of cytopathological confirmed breast cancer (n = 541) and age-matched cytopathological not confirmed breast cancer (n = 849) women were retrospectively reviewed by seven sonographer physicians. According to compositions of ducts, the thickness of the breast, diameter of ducts, fat lobules, and fibro glandular tissues, the breast parenchymatous pattern was categorized into heterogeneous (high percentage of fatty tissues), ductal (the inner diameters of ducts > 50% of the thick mass of the breast), mixed (the inner diameters of ducts was 50% of the thick mass of the breast), and fibrous categories (a dense classification of the breast).ResultsHeterogeneous (p < 0.0001, OR = 3.972) and fibrous categories (p < 0.0001, OR = 2.702) were higher among women who have cytopathological confirmed breast cancer than those who have not cytopathological confirmed breast cancer. The heterogeneous category was high-risk ultrasonographic examination category followed by the fibrous category. Agreements between sonographer physicians for categories of ultrasonic examinations were fair to good (Cohen’s k = 0.591).ConclusionsBreast cancer risk in Chinese asymptomatic women differ according to the ultrasonographic breast parenchymal pattern.Level of Evidence: III.Technical efficacy stage: 2.

Impact of thrombophilia and waist circumference on the risk of venousthromboembolism

Abstract Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) represents a major health problem. In the general population, the absolute risk of any kind of VTE is 0.1%–0.2% per year, and it increases with age. VTE is an important and preventable cause of morbidity and mortality, with almost a third of survivors experiencing long term effects. Obesity is well-known risk factor of VTE. The extent of the effects of obesity on VTE depends not only on total body fat, but also on the distribution of adipose tissue (e.g., central obesity) and the interplay among risk factors for VTE, such as genetic mutations, and other risk factors. Thrombophilia, venous thromboembolism, obesity, waist circumference Purpose The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of waist circumference on the risk of venous thromboembolism Methodology The study involved 68 patients with VTE (33 females and 34 males, mean age 56.8 years ±15.3) and 84 patients without VTE (38 males and 46 females, 44.4 years±18.6). From 2015 to 2017, data have been collected from records of patients admitted to department of internal medicine. All subjects were recruited to the study during their stay in the hospital. The reasons for hospitalization were: acute event of DVT or PE for the main group, the absence of acute event or history of VTE for the control group. DVT was diagnosed by ultrasonic Doppler examination, and PE was confirmed by intravenous radiocontrast computed tomography. Anthropometric measures were performed with subjects wearing short-sleeved garments and no shoes; waist circumference was measured in centimeters at the umbilical line. For all patients genetic testing for inherited thrombophilia – Factor V Leiden G1691A, Prothrombin G20210A, MTHFR C677T polymorphism, PAI-1 (SERPIN1) 4G/5G polymorphism – was performed by real-time PCR technique. Results Factor V Leiden G1691A increase the risk of VTE in 2.11 (CI: 1.79–2.48), p=0.049, prothrombin G20210A in 3.21 (CI: 1.66–6.211), p=0.049. MTHFR C677T polymorphism, PAI-1 (SERPIN1) 4G/5G polymorphism also increase the risk of VTE, but it was no significant. Study have shown that waist circumference &amp;gt;80 cm increase the risk of VTE in 3.19 (CI: 1.35–7.58), p=0.019. Combination of inherited thrombophilia (Factor V Leiden G1691A, Prothrombin G20210A, MTHFR C677T polymorphism, PAI-1 (SERPIN1) 4G/5G polymorphism) and waist circumference &amp;gt;80 cm increase the risk of VTE in 3.51 (CI: 1.76–7.04), p&amp;lt;0.001. Conclusion Previous results of our work indicate influence of waist circumference &amp;gt;80 cm on the risk of VTE, especially risk of thrombosis is higher in patients with combination inherited thrombophilia and waist circumference &amp;gt;80 cm. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Dysfunction of the symphysis as one of the actual problems of modern obstetrics

Objective: To analyze the factors of the course and outcome of pregnancy in women with pubic joint dysfunction (DLS).Materials and Methods: Th e authors performed a retrospective analysis of the course of pregnancy and the outcome of childbirth in women with pubic joint dysfunction (DLS) observed in 2016 – 2019. As a result, data on the clinical course of pregnancy and childbirth in 75 women with DLS were obtained. All women underwent routine clinical and biochemical examinations, ultrasound diagnostics (US), dopplerometry (DPM), and cardiotocography (CTG). Th e analysis of all the above parameters was carried out according to the data of birth histories for 2016-2018. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the programs Statistica 10 and Microsoft Excel 2013.Results: Clinical manifestations, as well as changes in ultrasound data, became the main factor in deciding on the method of delivery. All patients with second-degree DLS delivered by elective Caesarean section at 39 – 40 weeks of gestation. Women with the fi rst degree of DLS had a vaginal birth. Ultrasound examination in the postpartum period did not reveal an increase in the diastasis of the pubic joint in any woman. All the postpartum women had no complications during the postpartum period.Conclusion: DLS is a serious complication, which can lead to serious consequences in some cases in the postpartum period. It may require surgical treatment and subsequent long-term rehabilitation. For early diagnostics of DLS, it may be advisable to conduct a mandatory ultrasonic examination of the pubic joint, which is the “gold standard” for the diagnosis of this pathology, to all patients during screening ultrasonic examination.

Ultrasound-guided Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheotomy: A fast and safe technique for airway management

Purpose: To describe a modified technique for percutaneous dilational tracheotomy (PDT) offering possible significant advantages over currently used procedures.&#x0D; Methods: An observational animal study using ultrasound for PDT was performed. After pre-incisional ultrasonic examination, and with continuing ultrasound guidance, the trachea was punctured with an 18-gauge introducer needle and a tracheal tube was inserted using the Seldinger technique and a Ciaglia single dilator. Setting: University Hospital animal laboratory center. Subjects: 11 pietrain pigs (weight 26–36 kg).&#x0D; Results: Successful tracheotomy was accomplished in all 11 pigs. The mean duration of the procedure was 20 seconds from skin penetration to guide wire placement. In one pig, the dorsal wall of the trachea was punctured.&#x0D; Conclusion: This novel procedure is a simple and effective technique for PDT tube placement.

Функціональний стан осі «гіпофіз — ​гонади» у жінок із синдромом полікістозних яєчників

Синдром полікістозних яєчників (СПКЯ) — найчастіша форма ендокринопатії, що зустрічається в 5–10 % жінок репродуктивного віку і становить до 80 % від усіх форм гіперандрогенії. Мета дослідження — вивчити функціональний стан осі «гіпофіз — гонади» у жінок із СПКЯ. Матеріал і методи. Під спостереженням амбулаторно в період з вересня 2015 до липня 2016 року обстежено 120 пацієнток фертильного віку із СПКЯ. Пацієнтки були розподілені на групу з первинним безпліддям (94 випадки) і групу хворих із вторинним безпліддям (26 випадків). Середній вік хворих становив 25,5 ± 4,3 року. Тривалість захворювання перебувала в межах від 7 місяців до 9 років. 20 здорових жінок відповідного віку становили групу контролю. Усім хворим виконувався комплекс досліджень, що містив загальноклінічні, біохімічні (глюкоза крові, тест толерантності до глюкози), гормональні, ультразвукове дослідження матки та яєчників (трансабдомінально і трансвагінально) на 14-й день циклу з фолікулометрією в динаміці, а також магнітно-резонансна томографія турецького сідла і анкетування пацієнтів. Результати. У групі пацієнток із первинним безпліддям відзначалося вірогідне зниження рівнів як гіпофізарних, так і оваріальних гормонів на тлі гіперандрогенії та гіперпролактинемії. Порівняно з групою контролю на 14-й день циклу були вірогідно знижені рівні лютеїнізуючого, фолікулостимулюючого гормонів, а також естрадіолу, прогестерону, тоді як показники вільного тестостерону, дегідроепіандростерону були підвищені. У другій групі пацієнток також було виявлено вірогідне зниження рівнів гіпофізарних гормонів на тлі гіпер­андрогенії і гіперпролактинемії, тоді як оваріальна функція перебувала в межах норми. Порівняно з групою контролю на 14-й день циклу були вірогідно знижені рівні лютеїнізуючого, фолікулостимулюючого гормонів, при цьому показники вільного тестостерону, дегідроепіандростерону й антимюллерова гормона були підвищені. Нейровізуалізація гіпофіза в пацієнток із СПКЯ виявила у багатьох випадках гіперплазію гіпофіза, а також синдром порожнього турецького сідла та мікроаденоми гіпофіза. Висновки. У групі пацієнток із первинним безпліддям відзначалося вірогідне зниження рівнів як гіпофізарних, так і оваріальних гормонів на тлі гіперандрогенії і гіперпролактинемії. У групі пацієнток із вторинним безпліддям також виявлено вірогідне зниження показників гіпофізарних гормонів на тлі гіперандрогенії і гіперпролактинемії, однак оваріальна функція перебувала в межах норми. В обох групах хворих відзначалася гіпогонадотропінемія, що поєднувалася з помірною гіперпролактинемією і гіперандрогенією.

Застосування принципу мультипараметричного ультразвуку для діагностики неалкогольної жирової хвороби печінки в пацієнтів із цукровим діабетом 2-го типу

Метою дослідження є оцінка застосування мультипараметричного ультразвуку (мп-УЗ) для діагностики неалкогольної жирової хвороби печінки (НАЖХП) у пацієнтів із цукровим діабетом 2-го типу (ЦД2). Матеріали й методи. Дослідження проводилось на базі Київського міського клінічного ендокринологічного центру у 2015–2017 рр. Під спостереженням перебувало 105 хворих на ЦД2. Хворим проводилось одномоментне ультразвукове дослідження органів черевної порожнини на приладі Soneus P7 (Ultrasign, Україна), що включало В-режим, допплерографію й допплерометрію, зсувнохвильову та компресійну еластографію (еластометрію), стеатографію (стеатометрію). Результати. У 105 пацієнтів із НАЖХП і ЦД2 було проведено кількісне визначення стеатогепатозу, жорсткості паренхіми печінки, гепаторенального індексу. Висновки. Застосування мп-УЗ для діагностики НАЖХП у пацієнтів з ЦД2 є сучасним і комплексним методом діагностики НАЖХП, дозволяє кількісно визначити ступінь жирового гепатозу за допомогою вимірювання коефіцієнта затухання, жорсткість паренхіми печінки, стан органів черевної порожнини.

Incidence and Risk Factors of Lower-Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis After Thrombolysis Among Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke.

BackgroundDeep vein thrombosis (DVT) is common among patients with stroke. However, the incidence of DVT in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with thrombolytic therapy and the risk factors associated with this condition are unknown.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors of DVT after thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Settings and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent ultrasonic examination after intravenous thrombolysis between April 2017 and December 2019 at the stroke center of the First Hospital of Jilin University, China. Color duplex ultrasound was used to diagnosis DVT in all patients within 72 h after intravenous thrombolysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for DVT.ResultsOverall, 474 patients were included in the study. Of these, 75 (15.8%) developed DVT (95% confidence interval 12.5–19.1). Older age was the risk factor that most significantly affected the development of DVT (p = 0.001). Compared to patients younger than 60 years old, those aged 60–69 years and ≥70 years had a higher risk of DVT, at rates of 2.201 (95% CI: 1.033–4.689; p < 0.05) and 4.241 (95% CI: 2.016–8.922; p < 0.001) times higher, respectively. Patients with higher triglyceride levels (odds ratio 0.545, 95% CI: 0.372–0.799, p = 0.002) and longer activated partial thromboplastin time (OR 0.927, 95% CI: 0.862–0.996, p = 0.040) were less likely to have DVT.ConclusionDVT is a common complication among patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis after acute ischemic stroke. Advanced age may increase the occurrence of DVT to some extent. For these patients, safe antiplatelet therapy should be explored and implemented as soon as possible.

Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and carotid atherosclerosis in Chinese adults

Background and aimsThe role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in carotid atherosclerosis remains inconsistent and sometimes controversial. We aimed to determine whether H. pylori infection is associated with carotid atherosclerotic plaques in a large number of Chinese adults. MethodsWe recruited 108,210 Chinese adults who participated in a standard medical screening with both carotid ultrasonic examination and 13C-urea breath test for H.pylori infection from two Chinese cohorts. A total of 93,915 adults were included in the analysis after excluding participants with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and carotid plaques at baseline. Hazard ratio (HR) for developing carotid plaques by H. pylori infection was analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard model, with sociodemographic and clinical factors adjusted. Findings across cohorts were pooled by meta-analyses. Results11,208 (13.13%) participants occurred carotid plaques at a median follow-up of 20 months in the MN cohort, while 1279 (14.95%) participants occurred carotid plaques at a median follow-up of 24 months in the MJ cohort. Compare with participants without H. pylori infection, participants with H. pylori infection were more likely to occur carotid plaques. After adjusting for age, sex, annual personal income, body mass index, blood pressure, blood glucose, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, the HR was 1.04 (95%CI: 1.01–1.08). After further adjusting for education level, marital status, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, physical activity, and family history of CVD, the HR changed minimally. Additional sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results. Significant interactions of age, sex, blood pressure, blood glucose, or chronic inflammation were not observed in this research. ConclusionsH. pylori infection was associated with carotid plaque onset in a large number of Chinese adults without previous CVD. These data suggested that the prevention of H. pylori infection may reduce the burden of carotid atherosclerosis.

Ultrasonic examination in the acute abdomen

This is a prospective study of 92 cases , 60 female 32 male presented with different acute abdominal conditions, evaluation of their ultrasonographic examinations had done and its accuracy rate in general was 92.3 percent. this rate reached 100 percent in certain cases as liver abscess, ovarian cyst while it is 95 percent in the diagnosis of calculus cholecystitis and 81.8 percent in the complications of appendicitis . being non invasive , safe and rapid this aid established in the investigation of certain acute abdominal disorders and nowadays routinely used in certain condition.

Dynamic evaluation of the contractile function of lumbodorsal muscles during locust pose in yoga by real-time ultrasound

Background and PurposeChronic low back pain (CLBP), which has a close relationship with lumbar muscle degeneration, can be effectively treated by exercise therapy, and yoga has been widely accepted by clinicians and patients with CLBP. The purpose of this study was to observe the changes in the thickness of lumbodorsal muscles that occur during locust pose in yoga and how these changes occur. From the changes in muscle thickness that occur in the locust pose, the contractile function of lumbodorsal muscles can be evaluated.MethodsFifty-two healthy volunteers (from May 2019 to August 2019, age from 28 to 68 years, 23 males and 29 females (age: 40 ± 8 years; weight: 68.3 ± 5.2 kg; height: 170.2 ± 13.1 cm) were recruited, and lumbodorsal muscle, including the multifidus, longissimus, iliocostalis, and quadratus lumborum, ultrasonic examinations were carried out in the relaxed and contracted states. The changes in the thickness of the lumbodorsal muscles in the relaxed and contracted states were dynamically observed by real-time ultrasound when subjects were performing the locust yoga pose. Then, the thicknesses of the muscles during the two states were measured to calculate the ratio of contraction of each muscle and determine the statistical significance of the change in thickness of each muscle.ResultsThe mean thickness of the left multifidus in the relaxed state was 1.32 ± 0.27 cm (95 % CI: 1.24 ~ 1.39), that in the contracted state was 1.60 ± 0.30 cm (95 % CI: 1.52 ~ 1.69) (obviously different between the relaxed and contracted states, P < 0.001), and those in the corresponding right side were 1.37 ± 0.31 cm (95 % CI: 1.29 ~ 2.46) and 1.68 ± 0.38 cm (95 % CI: 1.58 ~ 1.79) (P < 0.001), respectively. The mean thickness of the left quadratus lumborum in the relaxed state was 1.38 ± 0.32 cm (95 % CI: 1.29 ~ 1.47), that in the contracted state was 1.62 ± 0.40 cm (95 % CI: 1.50 ~ 1.73) (P = 0.001), and those in the corresponding right side were 1.30 ± 0.32 cm (95 % CI: 1.21 ~ 1.39) and 1.55 ± 0.41 cm (95 % CI: 1.44 ~ 1.67) (P = 0.001), respectively. The mean thickness of the left longissimus in the relaxed was 2.33 ± 0.51 cm (95 % CI: 2.19 ~ 2.47), that in the contracted state was 3.20 ± 0.61 cm (95 % CI: 3.03 ~ 3.37) (P < 0.001), and those in the corresponding right side were 2.34 ± 0.49 cm (95 % CI 2.20 ~ 2.48) and 3.26 ± 0.68 cm (95 % CI 3.07 ~ 3.45) (P < 0.001), respectively. The mean thickness of the left iliocostalis in the relaxed state was 1.88 ± 0.41 cm (95 % CI: 1.76 ~ 1.99), that in the contracted state was 2.34 ± 0.49 cm (95 % CI: 2.00 ~ 2.47) (P < 0.001), and those in the corresponding right side were 1.98 ± 0.40 cm (95 % CI: 1.87 ~ 2.09) and 2.44 ± 0.56 cm (95 % CI: 2.29 ~ 2.60) (P < 0.001), respectively. The mean contracted state/resting state (C/R) of the longissimus was 1.39 ± 0.14 on the left and 1.40 ± 0.16 on the right. The multifidus and iliocostalis had the second highest C/R. The mean C/R of the multifidus was 1.23 ± 0.12 on the left and 1.24 ± 0.15 on the right, and the mean C/R of the iliocostalis was 1.25 ± 0.12 on the left and 1.24 ± 0.14 on the right. The quadratus lumborum had the lowest C/R, and the mean C/R of the quadratus lumborum was 1.17 ± 0.10 on the left and 1.19 ± 0.11 on the right.ConclusionsUltrasound can be used to dynamically assess the contractile function of the lumbar muscle in the locust pose of yoga, the C/R ratio can be used to indicate the ability of a muscle to contract, and dynamic ultrasound can guide lumbar exercise and feedback the exercise results. The establishment of this model allowed data regarding the contraction state of the lumbar muscle to be obtained in a normal population, and based on this, future studies can further explore and evaluate the contraction state of the lumbar muscle after yoga exercise in CLBP patients, the effect exercise on lumbar instability and on a patient population after lumbar operation.

Diagnostic value of different color ultrasound diagnostic method in endometrial lesions

BACKGROUNDEndometrial lesions include endometrial cancer and inferior fibroids. Among them, endometrial cancer as a malignant tumor seriously endangers the life and health of patients. Ultrasonography is an important means of diagnosing female reproductive system diseases, and it is of critical value for the early diagnosis of endometrial cancer. However, different ultrasound inspection programs have achieved different results. It is of great significance to choose a suitable inspection program.AIMTo explore the diagnostic efficacy of different ultrasonic examination methods in clinical endometrial lesions.METHODSThe 140 patients with endometrial lesions who were treated in our hospital from April 2018 to October 2019 were used as the research subjects. All patients underwent transvaginal color ultrasound and transabdominal color ultrasound. We compared the diagnostic coincidence and image display effects of the two different examination methods, and the endometrial thickness, blood flow, uterine effusion and resistance index of different diseases were observed by transvaginal color ultrasound.RESULTSThe diagnostic coincidence rate of all types of diseases of transvaginal color ultrasound was significantly higher than that of transabdominal color ultrasound (P = 0.001, 0.005, 0.001 and 0.001). In addition, the excellent and good rate of image display of transvaginal color ultrasound was higher than that of transabdominal color ultrasound (P = 0.001). There were significant differences in endometrial thickness in patients with different types of endometrial lesions through the transvaginal color examination (P = 0.001). The incidence rate of uterine effusion in patients with endometrial carcinoma was significantly higher than that in patients with other types of endometrial lesions (P = 0.001), and the rate of the blood flow was the highest (P = 0.001). The comparison of blood flow resistance index indicated that the blood flow resistance index in endometrial cancer patients was the lowest, which shows that the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001).CONCLUSIONThe overall diagnostic efficacy of transvaginal color ultrasound in the clinical diagnosis of endometrial lesions is better than that of transabdominal color ultrasound, which held higher diagnostic coincidence rate and image display effect. There were significant differences in the thickness of the endometrium and the blood flow in different types of lesions.

Performance comparison of phased array transducers for inspection of dissimilar welds on nuclear reactor components

Trimetallic weld joint of steam generator is crucial and most critical component of Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR). Ultrasonic examination of trimetallic welds are more challenging due to the coarse anisotropic grain structure of the weld metal and the mismatch of the acoustic impedance at the weld metal interface, which contributes to increase scattering, sound beam deviation and distortion, reflection and refraction of the incident sound field. This paper presents a comparative study on phased array ultrasonic examination of dissimilar weld joints (P91 – Alloy 800) using linear array (LA) and dual matrix array (DMA) transducer. Prior to the experimental investigations, wave propagation through the dissimilar weld joint and the defect sensitivity is understood by carrying out simulation based on ray-tracing and semi-analytical methods. Weld joint sample with artificial defect such as lack of side wall fusion was fabricated and studied using both transducer of Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT).

The role of high-resolution ultrasonic examination in the analysis of the structure and causes of complications after cosmetological thread implantation into the face and neck soft tissues

Objective The goal is to optimize the diagnosis of complications after thread implantation using high-resolution ultrasound (US).Material and Methods The study design included the formation of twelve sample comparison groups. Inclusion criteria for the group: women without evident somatic pathology after cosmetic implantation in various periods after the procedure. The difference between the groups was in the chemical composition of the material (L-lactic acid, polydiaxanone, copolymer of L-actide with ԑ-caprolactone, polypropylene, polyester fiber in a silicone sheath, metal), complaints (the presence of amyctic, the presence of overcorrection, the absence of complaints), the period of time after implantation (up to 6 months, from 6 to 12 months, more than a year). Then ultrasound was performed, 33 qualitative and 7 quantitative indicators were analyzed. The study involved 93 women aged 29 to 65 years after the thread implantation. The circulation period varied from 3 days to 20 years.Results An analysis of the relationship between quantitative and qualitative features revealed statistically significant connections between the presence of an acoustic shadow and threads of polylactic acid and polypropylene, the presence of reverberation, and the metal – gold (p &lt; 0.0001). Relationships were established between polyester fibers in a silicone sheath with complaints of inflammation, the presence of edema during examination, perifocal edema around the thread during ultrasound (p &lt; 0.0001). The difference was also found between the diameter of the thread in the group of patients examined up to 6 months and the group in the period 6–12 months after implantation (p &lt; 0.0001), as well as the group up to 6 months and more than a year (p = 0.0033).Conclusion The presence of an acoustic shadow, a thread diameter of more than 1 mm are ultrasound signs of fibrotic changes around the thread. The characteristic echographic signs of inflammation around the thread will be a zone of reduced echoicity, corresponding to perifocal edema. Hypercorrection is a consequence of fibrotic changes development around the thread.

Hypertension treatment status and ultrasonic cardiography findings in temporary housing residents after the Kumamoto earthquake: a cross-sectional study

Background: We aimed to investigate and report the relationship between hypertension treatment status and cardiac functions among temporary housing residents after the Kumamoto earthquake. Material and methods: Ultrasonic cardiography examinations were conducted for 56 residents at temporary housing complexes in Minami Aso village in Kumamoto Prefecture in December 2016. The subjects were divided into the following three groups according to the incidence of hypertension and the antihypertensive treatment status: normal (without hypertension), treated, and untreated. Subsequently, their cardiac functions were compared. Results: Age and BMI were found to be positive predictors for hypertension. Moreover, age, LAVI, and LVMI tended to be higher in the untreated group than in the treated group. Moderate or severe mitral regurgitation was significantly more common in the untreated group than in the treated group. Conclusions: Controlling blood pressure may help to prevent new cardiac diseases (e.g., valve regurgitation) among survivors after a major disaster. In addition, for survivors who are severely affected by psychological stress, improving the mental stress support system may be an effective measure to reduce health problems.

The Value of Prenatal Systematic Ultrasonic Examination of Fetal Structural Abnormality in Diagnosing Fetal Structural Abnormality

In order to explore the value of prenatal systematic ultrasound examination of fetal structural abnormality in the diagnosis of fetal structural abnormality, this paper retrospectively analyzed 200 cases of fetal abnormality referrals from December 2017 to December 2019 in the prenatal systematic ultrasound examination of the designated hospital in this study of pregnant women. By sorting, summarizing and summarizing the actual conditions of the systematic ultrasound examination of each prenatal fetal abnormal section, this study calculated, recorded and analyzed the detection rate, missed diagnosis rate, sensitivity, and specificity of the systematic ultrasound examination of structural abnormality, and then discussed the value of prenatal systematic ultrasound in the diagnosis of fetal structural abnormality. The results showed that, 185 cases were detected out of 200 fetal abnormality with the detection rate of 92.5%; missed diagnosis rate is 7.3%; detection sensitivity is 87.43%; and specificity is 76.58%. Among them, the detection rate of malformations of different diseases from high to low is cardiovascular system (97.54%), nervous system (93.16%), respiratory system (90.62%), facial system (87.54%), and urinary system (85.47%). Therefore, the prenatal systematic ultrasound fetal structural abnormality examination for pregnant women can achieve good diagnostic results, can provide pregnant women with fetal structural abnormality the opportunity to terminate pregnancy early, and effectively reduce the birth of structural abnormal fetuses and the burden of family and society, having important clinical significance and reducing.