Ultrasonic Conditions Research Articles

Coated Cotton Fabrics with Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Silica Nanoparticles for Improving Wound Healing.

Herein, we report the preparation of bifunctional silica nanoparticles by covalent attachment of both an anti-inflammatory drug (ibuprofen) and an antibiotic (levofloxacin or norfloxacin) through amide groups. We also describe the coating of cotton fabrics with silica nanoparticles containing both ibuprofen and norfloxacin moieties linked by amide groups by using a one-step coating procedure under ultrasonic conditions. The functionalized nanoparticles and cotton fabrics have been characterized using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The functionalized nanoparticles and textiles have been treated with model proteases for the in situ release of the drugs by the amide bond enzymatic cleavage. Topical dermal applications in medical bandages are expected, which favor wound healing.

Effect of ultrasonication on the quality of amla pulp (Emblica officinalis): Optimization and comparison with the thermal processing

Amla pulp was treated with ultrasonication technique under the different set of designed conditions in order to optimize the ultrasonic conditions. A two factor four level Taguchi design was adopted to study the effect of ultrasonic intensity (180 – 717 W/cm2) and treatment time (4 – 16 min) on the ascorbic acid, naringin, total phenolic content, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, browning index, polymethylesterase and polyphenol oxidase activity of amla pulp. The optimal conditions were determined as ultrasonic intensity, 359 W/cm2 and treatment time, 12 min on the basis of S/N ratio analysis. Optimized ultrasonicated pulp was compared with the thermally treated pulp (90 °C/ 5 s) to observe the effect on quality parameters. Enzymatic activity reduced to a lower level at optimal ultrasonic processing conditions. Total phenolic content increased after ultrasonication treatment. LCMS of the optimized sample depicted the presence of compounds like ascorbic acid, corilagin, gallic acid, kaempferol, chebulagic acid and many more. Thermal treatment showed lower retention of bioactives and there were notable losses in ascorbic acid and total phenolic content. Browning index was also higher than control and ultrasonicated pulp sample. Microstructure of ultrasonicated sample showed damage to cells but thermal treated sample exhibited major cell damage.

Ultrasonic testing and surface conditioning techniques for enhanced thermoplastic adhesive bonds

Ultrasonic testing and surface conditioning techniques for enhanced thermoplastic adhesive bonds

Effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on fermentation performance and quality of fermented hawthorn pulp by lactic acid bacteria

In order to explore the effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on the fermentation performance and quality characteristics of fermented hawthorn pulp. Five types of fermented hawthorn pulp were obtained using 0 W for 5 min, 300 W for 5 min, 360 W for 5 min, 420 W for 5 min, 540 W for 5 min. The fermentation performance and quality of fermented hawthorn pulp were characterized. The results indicated Low power ultrasound (360 W) could improve the fermentation performance and quality of FHP, and high power ultrasound (540 W) could reduce the fermentation performance and quality. Under the ultrasonic condition of 360 W for 5 min; the cell membrane of lactic acid bacteria produced repairable damage and the morphology did not change significantly, the consumption of reducing sugar, total acid, soluble solids, amino nitrogen, conductivity, and sensory quality of the fermented hawthorn pulp reached the highest. The fermentation performance and quality of fermented hawthorn pulp were improved by the optimum ultrasonic treatment, which could be used as an effective and alternative method for producing FHP with good flavor, high bioactivity and good quality.

Extraction of Phycocyanin and Chlorophyll from Spirulina by “Green Methods”

Phycocyanin is a pigment–protein complex from the group of phycobiliproteins obtained from Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis), with possibilities for various applications in food and pharmaceutical technologies. It is a natural colorant for food and cosmetic products. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasonic and microwave extraction conditions on antioxidant activity (AOA), chlorophyll content, and the content and purity index of phycocyanin in aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis). For this purpose, ultrasonic extraction with water or ethanol was performed at 20 °C, 30 °C, and 40 °C for 1, 2, and 3 h at an ultrasonic frequency of 36 kHz, 40 kHz, and 45 kHz. Microwave water extraction was performed for 60 s, 120 s, and 180 s. For each of the obtained samples, three parallel measurements of antioxidant activity were made by DPPH and FRAP methods, and chlorophyll content and phycocyanin yield and purity index were determined spectrophotometrically. Ultrasonic extraction resulted in a higher yield and purity index of phycocyanin compared to microwave extraction. The highest yield of 14.88 mg g−1 with a purity index of 1.60 was achieved at a temperature of 40 °C for one hour and an ultrasonic wave frequency of 40 kHz. A relatively low yield of 4.21 mg g−1, but with a purity index of 2.67, was obtained at a temperature of 30 °C, a time of two hours, and an ultrasonic frequency of 40 kHz. Chlorophyll b content at 20 °C, for two hours and ultrasonic frequency 40 kHz was 1.400 mg g−1. The study proposes ultrasonic extraction as a green method to obtain phycocyanin of varying purity index that may be used for food, cosmetic, or biomedical purposes.

Green formation of Ag NPs in ultrasonic condition and treatment of lupus nephritis by following the TGF-β1 signaling pathway in mice

This study demonstrated the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Allium jesdianum leaves extract under mild procedure as a reducer-stabilizer agent in the presence of ultrasonic irradiation. Various techniques like UV–Vis, FE-SEM, EDS-elemental mapping, FT-IR, TEM, XRD and ICP-OES were applied to characterize the obtained nanoparticles. The TEM results shown that the produced Ag NPs were well-dispersed as spherical shaped with average sizes ranging from 20 to 30 nm. UV–Vis data for Ag NPs were appearing in 465 nm. Novelty of the surface engineered nanocomposite was demonstrated by assaying its catalytic performance in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) as a toxic water pollutant organic dye by NaBH4 under mild condition. The prepared catalyst was successfully reused up to 8 times in the reactions without significant loss in activity. In animal experiment, a lupus nephritis mouse model was established by pristane to confirm the Ag NPs/A. jesdianum nanocomposite interventional efficacy by regulating the signaling pathway of TGF-β1. The histopathological slides were taken from the kidney for investigating the sign of lupus nephritis. The concentrations of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-6 were analyzed in kidney and serum by ELISA kits. The VEGF, TGF-β1, and Mn-SOD mRNA expression was assessed in the kidney to prove the treatment of lupus nephritis by Ag NPs/A. jesdianum nanocomposite by following the TGF-β1 signaling pathway in mice. Ag NPs/A. jesdianum nanocomposite reduced the urinary protein, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-6 elevation in kidney and serum. In addition, Ag NPs/A. jesdianum nanocomposite decreased the ALB, TP, TG, BUN, TC, and SCr in mice with nephritis. Ag NPs/A. jesdianum nanocomposite prevented the dsDNA antibodies positive rate. Ag NPs/A. jesdianum nanocomposite downregulated the VEGF and TGF-β1 mRNA expression in the lupus nephritis mice kidneys.

Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles mediated by extract of Curcuma longa under ultrasonic condition: Investigation of its application for reduction of dye pollutants and repairing the articular cartilage in an animal model of osteoarthritis of the knee

For environmental remediation, it is crucial to find effective heterogeneous catalysts that can remove organic contaminants or convert them into chemicals that are safe and even valuable. Here, we present the synthesis of a green gold-based catalyst using an extract of Curcuma longa (Au NPs@C. longa) under ultrasonic condition. This nanocatalyst demonstrated good performance for reduction of organic dyes including methyl orange, methylene blue, and 4-nitrophenol. FE-SEM in conjunction with EDS, TEM, and UV–visible spectroscopy were used to evaluate the produced nanocatalyst. The Au NPs@C. longa should show great promise for wastewater treatment since it has the advantages of good activity, good kinetics and suitable stability for dye reduction. In the orthopedic experiments, the efficacy of Au NPs@C. longa on chondrogenesis was assessed by the primary cultured chondrocytes. Western blot, PCR, and histological assays were done to follow the underlying mechanisms. We evaluated the functional recovery after Au NPs@C. longa transplantation by an osteoarthritis articular cartilage injury model in knee. In immunological section, the Au NPs@C. longa reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, MMPs, and p-p65 expression. This may be caused by adjusting cellular redox homeostasis related to the Nrf2. The data indicated the positive efficacy of Au NPs@C. longa on stimulating chondrogenesisin vitro. It was revealed that the Au NPs@C. longa application speeded up the injury-induced dysfunction recovery after 21 days. The Au NPs@C. longa application suppressed the abnormal fibrosis and angiogenesis at the injury site.

Piezoelectric Effect Promoted Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Ability of ZnIn2S4 Photoanode with Highly Exposed Active (110) Facets

AbstractIt is important to design high performance photoelectrode materials in the process of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Herein, ZnIn2S4 nanomaterial with highly exposed active (110) facets were prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. Meanwhile, piezoelectric polarization was used to induce the generation of built‐in electric field, which can suppress the compounding of photogenerated charge carriers caused by structural defects at the semiconductor surface. By controlling the crystal facet structure, ZnIn2S4 with a highly exposed active (110) facet shows a better photoelectrochemical water splitting performance under ultrasound, and its photocurrent density increases with the increase of ultrasound frequency, reaching a maximum value of 0.36 mA/cm2 at 1.23 VRHE, which is 2.8 times higher than that without ultrasound. It can be concluded that the (110) facet of ZnIn2S4 can induce a larger internal piezoelectric potential which allows rapid electron transer at the ZnIn2S4 surface, under ultrasonic conditions. And the highly exposed (110) facet also provides more reactive sites, leading to further enhanced catalytic activity. Such nanomaterial with highly exposed active facets will provide inspiration for the construction of photoelectrode systems with high photoelectrochemical water splitting efficiency.

Investigation of the Flow Stress Model for Cr4Mo4V Bearing Steel under Ultrasonic Vibration Conditions

To investigate the mechanisms behind the effect of ultrasonic vibration on the plastic deformation of materials, the flow stress model of Cr4Mo4V was established according to the dislocation dynamics and thermal activation theory, which considers the effect of dislocation density evolution on plastic deformation under ultrasonic vibration conditions. The effect of amplitude and strain rate on the flow stress was analyzed by fitting the stress-strain data obtained from an ultrasonic vibration-assisted tensile (UVAT) single-factor test. To investigate the influence of strain rate and vibration duration on the acoustic effect, comparative tests with and without vibration were performed for various strain rates. The results showed that the flow stress decreased significantly in the tensile test with ultrasound compared to the test without ultrasound, and the degree of reduction increased with increasing amplitude. In addition, the nonlinear relationship between the acoustic softening effect and the strain rate was analyzed. The result demonstrates that the dislocation density absorbs the ultrasonic vibration energy, which results in slip and proliferation. Macroscopically, due to a greater susceptibility to plastic deformation, the dislocation density shows residual hardening at the end of the ultrasound. Finally, the average absolute relative error (AARE) between predicted flow stresses and experimental results under three ultrasonic conditions using the developed model were 4.49%, 1.27%, and 5.64%, which proved the validity of the model.

A novel CeO2/CuO-supported Fe3O4 sonocatalyst nanoparticle for highly efficient degradation of methylene blue dye

In this study, Fe3O4-CeO2/CuO nanocatalysts were successfully synthesized, characterized with advanced analysis techniques, and their catalytic performance on MB dye degradation was investigated with a series of experimental parameters. The characterizations of SEM, TEM, and XRD analyses were applied to reveal the physicochemical structure of the Fe3O4-CeO2/CuO hybrid sonocatalyst. TEM analyses showed that Fe3O4-CeO2/CuO hybrid sonocatalyst was found to be quite homogeneous and its average particle size was 2.9 nm. The crystallinity, surface and content analysis of the Fe3O4-CeO2/CuO hybrid catalyst was clarified by XRD, and SEM-EDS analyses. GC-MS analysis was performed to detect the by-products constituted after the dye degradation using Fe3O4-CeO2/CuO hybrid catalyst. The degradation experimental results revealed that hydroxyl radicals (•OH) produced were proved to be effective species in the degradation process due to the presence of Fe3O4-CeO2/CuO hybrid catalyst. The MB degradation reached 93 % in 120 min under common conditions of 4.5 pH, 2 mM H2O2 concentration, 1.0 mg/L catalyst concentration, and 20 mg.L-1 dye concentration. To test the effectiveness of the Fe3O4-CeO2/CuO hybrid catalyst, many trials with, without a catalyst and using different scavengers were carried out. The scavenger experiment results revealed that the hydroxyl radicals play a prominent role degradation of MB under ultrasonic conditions with Fe3O4/CeO2/CuO catalyst. As a result, our findings showed that Fe3O4-CeO2/CuO hybrid catalyst has great potential for treating MB in wastewater.

Ultrasonic degassing of molten magnesium and its alloys by cavitation

This paper describes ultrasonic degassing (USD) in commercial pure magnesium (CP-Mg), AZ31 and AZ61 Mg alloy. In this study, the efficiency of degassing under different ultrasonic parameters is evaluated by porosity volume and computer tomography (CT), and the mechanism of USD is further discussed. The results indicate that ultrasonic power, processing time and melt temperature strongly affect the degassing efficiency. Under suitable ultrasonic conditions, USD is an efficient method to reduce porosity formation in CP-Mg and its alloys.

Ultrasound assisted efficient separation of lithium from brine with a composite polyether sulfone-ionic liquid membrane.

Green, selective and efficient extraction of lithium as one of the most important components for energy storages with ultrasound-assisted membrane separation of lithium from brine, which contains alkali metal chlorides, is conducted using a composite membrane. The composite membrane is formed by sealing a supported ionic liquid membrane (consisting of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([RMIM][PF6]) + TBP) with a polyethersulfone (PES) membrane and a PVC thin film membrane. The aim of the study is to optimize the separation process for the selective extraction of lithium from alkali metals. Various parameters, including membrane composition, feed concentration, and ultrasonic conditions, are adjusted to identify the best operating conditions. The results reveal that a membrane containing xIL = 0.5 of [MOIM][PF6] exhibits higher selectivity compared to other membranes studied. The flux of lithium initially increases with shorter sonication times, but it decreases as the duration of ultrasonic irradiation is prolonged. The optimal frequency for the ultrasonic treatment, which matches the bulk modulus of the membrane, is approximately 250 kHz. Higher frequencies result in higher flux and selectivity in lithium separation; besides, optimizing the amplitude and pulse cycle of the ultrasound at 75% leads to increased flux. Moreover, higher flux and selectivity (percentage of lithium with respect to the all of the ion flux) are achieved when separating lithium from alkali metal chlorides at higher feed concentrations, ranging from 250 ppm to 1000 ppm. The selectivity is influenced by the hydrophobicity, which depends on the behavior of the ionic liquid membrane. The process is promising for the future of the lithium mining from brine.

RSM optimization of Friedel-Crafts C-acylation of para-fluorophenol over the catalysis of phosphomolybdic acid encapsulated in MIL-53 (Fe) metal organic frameworks.

In this research, a heterogeneous acid catalyst was synthesized by room temperature encapsulation of phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) in the pores of the MIL-53 (Fe) metal organic framework (MOF) under ultrasonic conditions. Then the catalytic activity of PMA@MIL-53 (Fe) was investigated in Friedel-Crafts C-acylation of para-fluorophenol, and this procedure was optimized using response surface methodology based on central composite design (RSM-CCD). The impact of critical reaction parameters including reaction duration, catalyst dosage, and PMA amount in the catalyst was optimized, leading to the formation of the target product in excellent yield at a short reaction time.

Shrimp oil nanoemulsions prepared by microfluidization and ultrasonication: characteristics and stability.

Shrimp oil (SO) nanoemulsions stabilized by fish myofibrillar protein, considered as functional foods, were prepared via microfluidization and ultrasonication. The study explored varying microfluidization (pressure and cycles) and ultrasonication (amplitude and sonication time) conditions that influenced emulsion properties and stability. Ultrasonicated emulsions exhibited superior emulsifying properties, adsorbed protein content, thermal stability, and centrifugal stability than microfluidized emulsions (p < 0.05). Microfluidization at 6.89 and 13.79 MPa with 2 or 4 cycles yielded larger droplets (536 to 638 nm) (p < 0.05), while ultrasonication at 40% and 50% amplitude for 5, 10 and 15 min produced smaller droplets (426 to 494 nm) (p < 0.05). Optimal conditions were obtained for microfluidization (13.79 MPa, 2 cycles) and ultrasonication (50% amplitude, 10 min). Ultrasonicated emulsions had generally smaller d32 and d43, lower polydispersity and higher ζ-potential than their microfluidized counterparts. Microstructural analysis and CLSM images confirmed their superior stability during storage. SO nanoemulsions could be applied as functional food.

Experimental analysis of the effect of ultrasonic vibration on porosity suppression in narrow gap laser welding

Abstract The welding process has a wide range of applications in aerospace, military manufacturing, machinery, and other fields, and with the continuous improvement of welding technology requirements, the inhibition of porosity in the welding process is also increasing. This study, through the narrow gap laser welding characteristics and porosity formation mechanism of the depth of analysis, for the existing narrow gap laser welding method exists in the side wall of the weld fusion is poor porosity, poor uniformity of organizational properties and other issues, proposed ultrasonic-based welding method to achieve effective inhibition of porosity. The experimental analysis of ultrasonic vibration on the formation of porosity is carried out based on narrow-gap laser welding. The peak sound pressure of narrow gap welding increases when the ultrasonic current amplitude changes from 24A to 32A. Under different ultrasonic vibration conditions, the number of welds without applied ultrasound was as high as 95, while the number of porosities gradually decreased to 48 with the increase of applied ultrasound amplitude from 12% to 37%. Furthermore, as the ultrasonic amplitude increased, the residual height decreased by 0.45 ml. In addition, at fixed ultrasonic amplitude, with the increase of laser power, the porosity increased from 0.89% to 2.21%, and the average diameter of the porosity increased from 0.29 mm to 0.43 mm. The porosity for the porosity diameter of less than 200 μm was reduced to 0.020%. The percentage of stomata with a diameter greater than or equal to 200μm increased to 2.098%. This study analyzes the inhibition effect of ultrasonic vibration on porosity to a certain extent. Moreover, the inhibition effect of ultrasonic vibration in narrow gap laser welding is significant and the smaller the laser power under the same amplitude, the better the inhibition effect, which provides a valuable reference for the research of the narrow gap laser welding process.

Ultrasonic extraction conditions using response surface methodology: total phenolic content of bee pollen

Bee pollen plays a significant role in bee nutrition, bee population sustainability, pollination processes, and its health and nutritional benefits for humans. It contains protein, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, offering valuable nutritional properties. The total phenolic content (TPC) is an important parameter in determining the nutritional and health value of pollen. The presence of high levels of phenolic compounds in pollen enhances their health benefits and can provide protective effects against diseases by combating oxidative stress. In the study, ultrasonic extraction conditions for pollen were optimized using the Response Surface Method to maximize TPC. The experimental study was designed according to Box-Behnken design: 30–70% ethanol ratio, 5–15 min of extraction time, and 10–20% ultrasonic amplitude modulation (AM). The TPC of the obtained extracts were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure. The optimal extraction conditions were predicted as 60.012% ethanol ratio, 11.054 min, and 19.160% AM for reaching 9.572 mg/GAE g extract.

Composite heterojunction of BiFeO3 and CdS: A photocathode for promoting efficient decomposition of water using piezoelectric photoelectrocatalysis

BiFeO3 has excellent potential as a narrow band gap semiconductor and piezoelectric material for photoelectrochemical decomposition of water (PEC) applications. However, because of its susceptibility to impurities and oxygen vacancy defects during preparation and its high complexation rate of photogenerated carriers, relevant applications are greatly limited. In this paper, BiFeO3/CdS heterojunction films were prepared on FTO conductive glass by a very simple and feasible sol-gel and chemical bath method to improve the efficiency of the photoelectrochemical decomposition of water. It was shown based on a series of PEC tests. The photocurrent density of the pure BiFeO3 thin film photocathode reached −85 μA/cm2 after giving ultrasonic stress conditions. Furthermore, the BiFeO3/CdS heterojunction photocathode achieved a photocurrent density of about −230 μA/cm2 at 0 V vs. RHE under the synergistic effect of piezoelectric polarization and the built-in electric field built in the heterostructure. In summary, semiconductor modification approaches using the construction of suitable heterojunction structures can effectively promote the separation and transfer of carriers between interfaces. The use of piezoelectric polarization and the search for appropriate energy level-matched semiconductors to construct heterojunctions can synergistically improve the efficiency of piezoelectric photocatalysis.

Using ultrasound to increase copper and nickel dissolution and prevent passivation using concentrated ionic fluid.

This paper uses targeted ultrasound on a surface undergoing anodic dissolution. The aim of these experiments was to etch metals that would normally passivate. The study was carried out in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as these are technologically useful for metal processing but suffer the disadvantages of being viscous and hence have slow mass transport which results in metal passivation. Linear sweep voltammetry showed a linear current-voltage response at potentials anodic (more positive) of the oxidation potential under sonication. Passivation was observed in silent conditions. It was also shown that the dissolution current was roughly 14 times larger under sonication. High speed imaging showed asymmetric bubble collapse leading to enhanced removal of material from the surface with etch rates as high as 3.8 μm.min–1 under ultrasonic conditions.

Enhancement of γ-Aminobutyric Acid and the Characteristics of Nutrition and Function in White Quinoa through Ultrasound Stress at the Pre-Germination Stage.

The global production of quinoa has been increasing in recent years. In plant-based foods, ultrasound stress has received increasing attention, owing to its ability to enhance the production of primary and secondary metabolites. We studied the effects of ultrasonic stress at the pre-germination stage on the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation and characteristics of nutrition and function in quinoa. The results showed that ultrasonic conditions of 100 W for 4 min promoted an increase in GABA content by 9.15-fold, to 162.47 ± 6.69 mg/100 g·DW, compared to that of untreated quinoa, through promoting a 10.2% and 71.9% increase in the water absorption and glutamate decarboxylase activity of quinoa, respectively. Meanwhile, compared to untreated quinoa, ultrasonic stress at the pre-germination stage enhanced the total phenolic, total flavonoid, and total saponin contents of quinoa by 10.2%, 33.6%, and 90.7%, to 3.29 mg GA/g·DW, 104.0 mg RE/100 g·DW, and 7.13 mg/g, respectively, without decreasing its basic nutritional quality. Ultrasonic stress caused fissures on the surface of quinoa starch particles. Additionally, germination under ultrasonic stress increased the n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by 14.4%. Furthermore, ultrasonic stress at the pre-germination stage promoted the scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl radicals and inhibitions of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase by 14.4%, 14.9%, 24.6%, and 20.0% in vitro, compared to untreated quinoa. The results indicated that the quinoa sprouted via ultrasonic stress could represent a promising method through which to develop nutritionally balanced whole grains rich in GABA, with hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities, which could provide theoretical support for the development of functional whole-grain foods based on quinoa.

Preparation and characterization of γ-AlOOH/Fe3O4 for the highly effective removal of Congo red from wastewater

Due to the highly toxic and non-degradable nature of Congo red (CR) in wastewater, how to effectively separate CR from an aqueous solution remains a major challenge in the field of wastewater treatment. Consequently, an γ-AlOOH/Fe3O4 composite was prepared using the sol-gel method under ultrasonic stirring conditions. The structural and surface properties of the magnetic γ-AlOOH/Fe3O4 composite were analyzed in detail using a range of physical and chemical characterization methods. It was shown that the γ-AlOOH/Fe3O4 composite possessed the advantages of its layered structure, high porosity, and positively charged surface, all of which were conducive to improving the adsorption capacity of CR. During our CR adsorption experiments, the maximum adsorption amount reached 1350.11 mg g−1. Simultaneously, the whole adsorption process was more consistent with the pseudo-second order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption activation energy and thermodynamic data prove that the adsorption process was chemisorption, spontaneous, and endothermic. In addition, the γ-AlOOH/Fe3O4 composite can be easily separated from treated-wastewater upon the application of an external magnetic field and its excellent reproducibility increases its practical application value. Therefore, the γ-AlOOH/Fe3O4 composite synthesized in this study has a wide range of practical applications.