Ultra-wideband Power Divider Research Articles

An ultra-wideband triple-polarization reconfigurable Vivaldi array antenna

This paper proposes an ultra-wideband (UWB) polarization reconfigurable array antenna (PRAA) which realizes linear polarization (LP), right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) and left-hand circular polarization (LHCP). The proposed UWB PRAA comprises a cross-orthogonal Vivaldi array antenna and a reconfigurable feeding network which is constructed by UWB phase shifters and power dividers. Polarized reconfiguration of the PRAA is achieved by controlling the on–off state of the PIN diodes on the reconfigurable feeding network. The proposed UWB PRAA has an LP operating bandwidth of 1.95–12.55 GHz with a maximum gain of 17 dBi, and the operating bandwidth of both LHCP and RHCP is 2.8–12.6 GHz with a maximum gain of 17.5 dBi. The relative bandwidth of the triple-polarized reconfiguration array antenna is 127 %. The measurement results show good agreement with simulation, which indicates the proposed antenna is a good candidate for advanced UWB and multi-polarization requirement systems.

Design of a Novel Microstrip Ultra-Wideband Power Divider for WLAN and Sub-6 GHz 5G Applications

Design of a Novel Microstrip Ultra-Wideband Power Divider for WLAN and Sub-6 GHz 5G Applications

Design of UWB Filtering Impedance Transformers and Power Dividers Using Stepped-Impedance Resonators

This study presents a novel design of ultra-wideband (UWB) impedance transformers and power dividers with filtering capabilities. Based on the UWB impedance matching network, the UWB filtering impedance transformers are designed, and the UWB filtering power dividers are achieved by impedance transforming one port of one or more impedance transformers. The transformers consist of a multi-mode stepped-impedance resonator (SIR) and defected ground structures (DGSs). The SIR is tightly coupled to two ports of different impedance levels via the unsymmetrical two-sided coupled lines and DGSs. In addition, two transformers that convert impedance from 50 Ω to 100 Ω are connected to form a UWB power divider with filtering function. The 25 Ω port of an impedance transformer with a 50 Ω to 25 Ω conversion is impedance matched to two 50 Ω ports connected in parallel, resulting in another power divider with filtering function. Thus, two prototype UWB impedance transformers from 50 Ω to 100 Ω and from 50 Ω to 25 Ω are designed and their corresponding power dividers are also designed and fabricated. The simulated and measured results are consistent, demonstrating good features, such as return loss greater than 10 dB and insertion loss less than 4.5 dB in the passband, UWB filtering capacity with out-of-band rejection greater than 20 dB, and compact size smaller than 1.2λ × 2.1λ (λ is the wavelength of the central frequency).

An ultra‐wideband out‐of‐phase power divider based on odd‐mode spoof surface plasmon polariton

In this article, a feasible design of an ultra-wideband power divider (PD) based on spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) is proposed. A quasi T-junction transmission structure is composed of the sub-wavelength corrugated grooves drilled on the up metal layer, realizing the wideband and low loss for the propagation of the odd-mode SSPP wave. The consistency of the dispersion curves between the H-shaped and the U-shaped unit cells under the same dimension parameters ensures the smooth transition at the bifurcation point and out-of-phase property further. The odd-mode SSPP is effectively excited by using the microstrip-to-slotline convertor. Some design details like gradient corrugations and stepped slotlines are employed to achieve high-coupling efficiency from the input electromagnetic energy. The simulated and measured results show that the proposed PD achieves 180° ± 5° phase difference over an ultra-wideband from 3.3 to 9.8 GHz (a relative bandwidth of 99.24%) with high-transmission efficiency. The ultra-wideband out-of-phase property of this design has potential applications in the differential feed network.

An Ultrawideband and Dual-Beam Scanning Array Antenna Charactered by Coding Method

We report an ultrawideband array antenna charactered by coding method. The Vivaldi antenna is chosen as radiating element and the array antenna is fed by a 1 to 8 ultrawideband power divider network. The desired coding states are realized by position reverse of the feeding ports and the power divider network is matched by loading three optimized stepped circuited stubs. A prototype was fabricated and measured and the results show the working bandwidth is approximately 85.7% (from 4 to 10 GHz). More importantly, accurate dual-beam frequency scanning feature is demonstrated and the scanning angle ranges from 21° to 54° (–21° to –54°) when the frequency changes from 4 to 9 GHz. Also, the 3 dB gain bandwidth is ultrawide, from 4 to 10 GHz. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones. Such an ultrawideband array antenna is expected to have potential applications in near future.

Wideband slow phase loaded inductor‐composite right/left‐handed transmission line for compact UWB power divider

AbstractThis article introduces analysis of the new configuration; inductor loaded left‐handed composite right‐/left‐handed transmission line ((L‐CRLH TL). Compared to conventional CRLH and dual CRLH, this configuration has the advantage of very slow phase (almost constant) and nonlinear propagation coefficient which enables it to be very effective in designing compact size and ultra‐wideband (UWB) microwave components. The theoretical and circuit model of the L‐CRLH TL is discussed. As an application, a compact UWB (3.1‐10.6 GHz) L‐CRLH power divider is designed using only one L‐CRLH cell with size of 2.7 × 8.6 mm2 whereas the whole power divider photoprint is 12.14 × 18.83 mm2. The size is 58.5% smaller compared to the conventional narrow band T‐junction power divider designed at the mid frequency. The results reveal good insertion losses (3.2 ± 0.2 dB for both S21 and S31), and good return losses (better than 10 dB within the passband).

Compact ultra-wideband bandpass-response power divider with high-frequency selectivity

AbstractThe ultra-wideband bandpass-response power divider with high-frequency selectivity is presented in this paper. This power divider consists of an impedance transformer, a filter network, and two isolation resistors. In order to realize the ultra-wideband filtering performance, parallel coupling lines and parallel open-circuit branches are applied to the second impedance converter. A resistor is added to the ends of the coupling lines to achieve good isolation and output return loss. The equivalent-circuit method is employed to analyze the presented power divider. The power divider, working at 3.45–8.29 GHz, is designed and fabricated. Two transmission zeros are generated at 2.8 and 9 GHz, respectively, and the out-of-band suppression is >13 dB. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulation ones.

TDR Discontinuity Study Using Gaussian Modulated Ultra Short Pulse in UWB Microwave/mm-Wave Circuits

The time-domain reflectometry technique can characterize both the position and the nature of any discontinuity in the circuits, but as far as complex circuits are concerned, the technique faces limitations. In this letter, separation, position extraction, and nature of multiple close discontinuities in ultra wide-band (UWB) Microwave/mm-wave circuits are investigated and improved using a new technique based on Gaussian modulated ultra short pulse and a useful new algorithm. It is shown that this technique can improve the discontinuities separation, by at least 70%. Also, through the simulation and measurement results of a designed complex UWB power divider and analyzing the reflected signal, ability to this technique (by using a new algorithm) in discontinuity analysis, extraction of reflection positions and separation of discontinuities, with an error less than 4%, is verified. Furthermore, designers can analyze the reflection coefficient from individual discontinuities and reflections in complex Microwave/mm-wave circuits to improve the total circuits’ results.

UWB Filtering Power Divider with Two Narrow Notch-bands and Wide Stop-band

AbstractA compact filtering ultra-wideband (UWB) microstrip power divider (PD) with two sharply rejected notch-bands and wide stopband is analyzed and designed in this paper. The proposed UWB PD is based on a conventional Wilkinson power divider, while two stub loaded resonators (SLRs) are coupled into two symmetrical output ports to achieve a bandpass filtering response. The simplified composite right/left-handed (SCRLH) resonators are employed to generate the dual notched bands. Defected ground structure (DGS) is introduced to improve the passband performance. Good insertion/return losses, isolation and notch-band rejection are achieved as demonstrated in both simulation and experiment.

Balanced UWB power divider with one narrow notch‐band

A compact and simple differential ultra wideband (UWB) equal power divider (PD) with one narrow notch-band is presented. The proposed PD is based on slotline resonators and balanced stepped-impedance microstrip-to-slotline transition structures. A wide differential-mode (DM) impedance bandwidth covering from 1.8 to 11.5 GHz can be achieved. Besides, independent common-mode (CM) responses with a larger bandwidth and higher suppression can be obtained. It is noted that the DM passbands are independent from the CM responses, which significantly simplify the design procedure. In addition, a narrow and sharp DM notched band from 5.8 to 5.9 GHz is generated by adding one pair of quarter-wavelength short-circuited stubs next to the microstrip line symmetrically. In order to illustrate the effectiveness of the design, a prototype is fabricated and measured. A good agreement between the simulated and measured results is observed. To the best of authors' knowledge, the proposed balanced UWB PD is the first ever reported.

Compact UWB Power Divider, Analysis and Design

In this paper, two ultra-wide band power dividers are introduced. Compact equal power divider is considered firstly where an extended transmission lines and double open stubs are used in order to increase the bandwidth. Secondly, an unequal UWB power divider is introduced where multi-stage impedance is used. The proposed power dividers are fabricated and measured. The overall sizes of the proposed power dividers are 11.37 × 17.87 mm2 for the equal one and 12.13 × 29.03 mm2 for the unequal power divider. The simulated results are compared with the measured results and good agreement is obtained.

Ultra-Wideband Power Divider with a Controllable Notched Band

ABSTRACTIn this article, an ultra-wideband Wilkinson power divider with a controllable notched band has been presented based on the multi-section Wilkinson structure. Analyzed by the even–odd mode method, a triple-stub loaded resonator is embedded in the power divider to introduce a notched band for which the center frequency can be easily adjusted by only one structural parameter. The simulated and measured results show that the return losses of the proposed power divider are better than 10 dB, and its isolation characteristics are larger than 18 dB from 0.1 to 8 GHz regardless of the notched band.

Design of an Ultra-Wideband Power Divider with Good In-Band Performance and Sharp Roll-Off Skirt

ABSTRACTIn this article, a novel ultra-wideband power divider is presented. To achieve ultra-wideband performance and a sharp roll-off skirt, the parallel coupled lines and a short-circuited line are introduced on each side of the coupled three-line microstrip structure. Through even- and odd-mode analysis, the analytical design equations for this proposed power divider are obtained. A prototype power divider is designed and fabricated to demonstrate the performance of the proposed power divider. The simulated and measured results show that the proposed power divider has achieved the predicted features within the specified 3.1–10.6-GHz ultra-wideband range.

A NEW PRINTED MICROSTRIP UWB POWER DIVIDER WITH NOTCHED BAND

In this paper, a new printed ultra-wideband (UWB) power divider with notched band using square ring multiple-mode resonator (SRMMR) is presented. The characteristics of the proposed SRMMR are investigated by using even- and odd-mode analysis. Then, the initial UWB performance is achieved by introducing SRMMR to the basic Wilkinson power divider. Finally, a pair of parallel coupled lines is embedded into the SRMMR to achieve a desired notched band inside the UWB passband. The central frequency and the bandwidth of the notched band can be easily controlled by the electrical length and coupling coefficient of the coupled lines. To validate the design concept, a novel printed UWB power divider with notched band centered at frequencies of 5.8 GHz is designed and measured. The simulated and measured results indicate that it has a low insertion loss and good return loss performance at all the three ports, and a high isolation between the two output ports across the UWB bandwidth from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz with a small size of 0.46λg × 0.69λg ,w hereλg is the guided wavelength at 6.85 GHz.

Extremely compact ultra‐wideband power divider using hybrid slotline/microstrip‐line transition

A novel extremely compact ultra-wideband (UWB) power divider using hybrid slotline/microstrip-line transition is proposed, designed, and implemented. The even- and odd-mode equivalent-circuit method is applied to the proposed power divider. Measured results show that excellent impedance matching at the input/output ports, amplitude and phase balance, and the isolation between the two output ports are observed within the UWB band. The UWB power divider has a simple structure and good performance.

Design of an ultra-wideband power divider with harmonics suppression

The design of an ultrawideband (UWB) power divider with harmonics suppression is presented. With the proposed approach, the size of the quarter-wavelength transmission line can be reduced and the high order harmonics can be suppressed. The design equations are deduced by transmission line theory. A prototype power divider operated at UWB band is designed and fabricated. Experimental results show good performance of the proposed design. In addition, a stop-band with rejection level more than 20 dB is from 17.3 to 24.5 GHz. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 25:299–304, 2015.

Ultrawideband notch‐band power divider with bandpass response using defect microstrip structure

AbstractA novel ultrawideband (UWB) notch‐band power divider with bandpass response has been presented. The short‐circuited coupled lines and open/short‐circuited slotline are introduced to construct this power divider. A resistor, R, is located across the slotline to improve the isolation between the output ports. The defected microstrip structure has been embedded to the UWB power divider and the notch band within the UWB passband is implemented. The central frequency and bandwidth of the notch band can be controlled by tuning the structural parameters. The presented power divider has been developed and measured. The measured notch band is located at 5.9 GHz with an attenuation of around 22 dB. The measured results show reasonable agreement with the predicted ones. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:711–715, 2014

Ultra‐wideband power divider using three parallel‐coupled lines and one shunt stub

An ultra-wideband power divider with out-of-band filtering and DC blocking functions is presented. The divider consists of three parallel-coupled lines, a short-circuited shunt stub and a resistor. The divider was implemented in a two-layer printed circuit board with a high dielectric constant. The measurements show a minimum insertion loss of −0.4 dB in the middle band and a rejection of −17 to −18 dBc at 1.5 and 11.5 GHz, respectively.

Compact UWB power divider with tunable notch‐band based on dual‐mode SIR

ABSTRACTAn ultra‐wideband (UWB) power divider (PD) with an electronically tunable notch‐band based on single dual‐mode stepped‐impedance resonator (SIR) is investigated in this article. The proposed UWB PD is based on conventional Wilkinson PD, while two folded shunt quarter‐wavelength short‐circuited stubs are adding to two symmetrical output ports. The dual‐mode SIR with a varactor diode and dc bias is studied and used to generate desired tunable notched band. The predicted results are compared with measured data and good agreement is reported. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2709–2712, 2013

UWB power divider with one narrow notch-band and wide stop-band

A compact ultrawideband (UWB) microstrip power divider (PD) with one sharply rejected notch-band and wide stopband is analyzed and designed in this article.The proposed UWB PD is based on conventional Wilkinson PD, while interdigital hairpin resonators are introduced in two symmetrical output ports to widen passband. The stepped impedance resonator is studied and used to generate one desired notched band. Defected ground structure is introduced to improved stopband performance. Theoretical and simulated results are presented, which are in good agreement with the measured results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:597–600, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27365