Ultra-low Dose Research Articles

MP35-17 GEL ROLLS SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASE RADIATION DOSE IN PRONE PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY (PCNL)

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP35-17 GEL ROLLS SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASE RADIATION DOSE IN PRONE PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY (PCNL) Kayvon Kiani, Eric Ballon-Landa, Xavier Glover, Brett Wiesen, and Mark Sawyer Kayvon KianiKayvon Kiani More articles by this author , Eric Ballon-LandaEric Ballon-Landa More articles by this author , Xavier GloverXavier Glover More articles by this author , Brett WiesenBrett Wiesen More articles by this author , and Mark SawyerMark Sawyer More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003269.17AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Prone percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has been associated with higher fluoroscopy doses than supine PCNL. As part of a QI project, the authors now routinely use an Artis Zeego Care+Clear™ (Siemens) floor-mounted robotic multiplanar fluoroscopy system (RMPFS) to perform ultra-low-dose (ULD) intraoperative CT scans (ICT) during treatment of large stones. Despite lower BMI (27.6 vs. 30.0) and the same protocol (5s BODY CARE), the ULD ICT dose area product (DAP) for the single prone PCNL case was 84% higher (1036 vs. 564 uGy*m2) than when performed supine (n=26). Because gel rolls were visible in coaxial imaging, we hypothesized that gel rolls directly increased radiation exposure. METHODS: Ex vivo experiments were performed with RMPFS 5 s BODY protocol coaxial imaging using a prone-positioned fluoroscopy phantom placed on a gel roll; placed on blankets of equal thickness; or directly on the table. Spins were also performed in the supine and modified supine positions; using a thin gel roll or rolled blanket. Reported DAP was compared for the groups. RESULTS: Mean DAP was 3.9 times higher when the phantom was prone on gel rolls than directly on the table; and 3.2 times higher than prone on blankets. Thus, total radiation dose increased by 287% when gel rolls were used for positioning. With blankets, the total radiation dose was 23% higher in the prone position. There was a modest 5.6% increase in DAP between prone and supine positioning. In the modified supine position the use of a thin gel roll increased the total radiation dose 3–8% compared to blankets. CONCLUSIONS: Our hypothesis was confirmed experimentally with a standardized protocol that gel rolls directly increase measured radiation dose. Surgeons should consider radiolucent materials for positioning to limit radiation exposure to patients and the surgical team. Following this observation, the authors have substituted rolled blankets for gel rolls for PCNL positioning. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e476 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Kayvon Kiani More articles by this author Eric Ballon-Landa More articles by this author Xavier Glover More articles by this author Brett Wiesen More articles by this author Mark Sawyer More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

P221 Using an ultra-low dose of superparamagnetic iron oxide for sentinel lymph node detection in breast cancer patients - the MAGSNOW feasibility study

P221 Using an ultra-low dose of superparamagnetic iron oxide for sentinel lymph node detection in breast cancer patients - the MAGSNOW feasibility study

V02-06 ULTRA-LOW DOSE FLUOROSCOPY DURING PCNL: HOW LOW CAN YOU GO?

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023V02-06 ULTRA-LOW DOSE FLUOROSCOPY DURING PCNL: HOW LOW CAN YOU GO? Vance Gentry, Kanha Shete, Ala'a Farkouh, Alphie Rotinsulu, Matthew Buell, Rose Leu, Akin S. Amasyali, Matthew Wilson, Joel Pearson, and D. Duane Baldwin Vance GentryVance Gentry More articles by this author , Kanha SheteKanha Shete More articles by this author , Ala'a FarkouhAla'a Farkouh More articles by this author , Alphie RotinsuluAlphie Rotinsulu More articles by this author , Matthew BuellMatthew Buell More articles by this author , Rose LeuRose Leu More articles by this author , Akin S. AmasyaliAkin S. Amasyali More articles by this author , Matthew WilsonMatthew Wilson More articles by this author , Joel PearsonJoel Pearson More articles by this author , and D. Duane BaldwinD. Duane Baldwin More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003232.06AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Patients diagnosed with renal stones may be subjected to substantial doses of ionizing radiation during diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Physicians and other healthcare workers are also exposed to radiation during procedures, such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). This puts both patients and surgeons at the risk of developing radiation-related deleterious outcomes, like malignancies. The purpose of this video is to demonstrate tips and tricks that can be used to reduce radiation exposure during PCNL. METHODS: In this video, we demonstrate techniques to reduce radiation exposure to both patients and surgeons, in an 86-year-old female with a 2 cm renal pelvic and 8 mm lower pole stones who underwent PCNL at an academic center. These steps include planning for surgery, equipment set-up and calibration, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), use of multiple modalities to guide access into the renal pelvis, omitting fluoroscopy from various steps of the surgery, and a low dose CT for follow-up imaging. RESULTS: This video demonstrates a successful PCNL with a total fluoroscopy time of 5.6 seconds. Radiation reduction was achieved preoperatively by reviewing CT scans before surgery to plan access. Intraoperatively all of the following were employed: using a sterile ultrasound to map out a safe zone, relying on tactile feedback instead of fluoroscopy for retrograde glidewire placement into renal pelvis, use of endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS) for renal access, tract dilation, and sheath placement, appropriate use of lead shielding, using pulsed low-dose fluoroscopy, and using laser to guide percutaneous access into the renal pelvis. Post-operatively, ultra-low-dose 7.5 mAs CT scan was used to check for residual stones. CONCLUSIONS: This video has demonstrated many radiation-reducing techniques to both patient and surgeon, all of which can be easily incorporated into daily practice. By following these techniques, we effectively lowered radiation exposure to half the dose of a KUB. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e169 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Vance Gentry More articles by this author Kanha Shete More articles by this author Ala'a Farkouh More articles by this author Alphie Rotinsulu More articles by this author Matthew Buell More articles by this author Rose Leu More articles by this author Akin S. Amasyali More articles by this author Matthew Wilson More articles by this author Joel Pearson More articles by this author D. Duane Baldwin More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

High-Performance and Self-Powered X-Ray Detectors Made of Smooth Perovskite Microcrystalline Films with 100-μm Grains.

Perovskite single crystals and polycrystalline films have complementary merits and deficiencies in X-ray detection and imaging. Herein, we report preparation of dense and smooth perovskite microcrystalline films with both merits of single crystals and polycrystalline films through polycrystal-induced growth and hot-pressing treatment (HPT). Utilizing polycrystalline films as seeds, multi-inch-sized microcrystalline films can be in-situ grown on diverse substrates with maximum grain size reaching 100 μm, which endows the microcrystalline films with comparable carrier mobility-lifetime (μτ) product as single crystals. As a result, self-powered X-ray detectors with impressive sensitivity of 6.1 × 104 μC Gyair-1 cm-2 and low detection limit of 1.5 nGyair s-1 are achieved, leading to high-contrast X-ray imaging at an ultra-low dose rate of 67 nGyair s-1. Combining with the fast response speed (186 μs), this work may contribute to the development of perovskite-based low-dose X-ray imaging.

Ultralow-dose binary oncolytic/helper-dependent adenovirus promotes antitumor activity in preclinical and clinical studies.

We show that a binary oncolytic/helper-dependent adenovirus (CAdVEC) that both lyses tumor cells and locally expresses the proinflammatory cytokine IL-12 and PD-L1 blocking antibody has potent antitumor activity in humanized mouse models. On the basis of these preclinical studies, we treated four patients with a single intratumoral injection of an ultralow dose of CAdVEC (NCT03740256), representing a dose of oncolytic adenovirus more than 100-fold lower than used in previous trials. While CAdVEC caused no significant toxicities, it repolarized the tumor microenvironment with increased infiltration of CD8 T cells. A single administration of CAdVEC was associated with both locoregional and abscopal effects on metastases and, in combination with systemic administration of immune checkpoint antibodies, induced sustained antitumor responses, including one complete and two partial responses. Hence, in both preclinical and clinical studies, CAdVEC is safe and even at extremely low doses is sufficiently potent to induce significant tumor control through oncolysis and immune repolarization.

Lentiviral vectors for inducible, transactivator-free advanced therapy medicinal products: Application to CAR-T cells

Controlling transgene expression through an externally administered inductor is envisioned as a potent strategy to improve safety and efficacy of gene therapy approaches. Generally, inducible ON systems require a chimeric transcription factor (transactivator) that becomes activated by an inductor, which is not optimal for clinical translation due to their toxicity. We generated previously the first all-in-one, transactivator-free, doxycycline (Dox)-responsive (Lent-On-Plus or LOP) lentiviral vectors (LVs) able to control transgene expression in human stem cells. Here, we have generated new versions of the LOP LVs and have analyzed their applicability for the generation of inducible advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) with special focus on primary human Tcells. We have shown that, contrary to all other cell types analyzed, an Is2 insulator must be inserted into the 3' long terminal repeat of the LOP LVs in order to control transgene expression in human primary Tcells. Importantly, inducible primary Tcells generated by the LOPIs2 LVs are responsive to ultralow doses of Dox and have no changes in phenotype or function compared with untransduced Tcells. We validated the LOPIs2 system by generating inducible CAR-T cells that selectively kill CD19+ cells in the presence of Dox. In summary, we describe here the first transactivator-free, all-one-one system capable of generating Dox-inducible ATMPs.

Effects of ionizing radiation exposure during pregnancy.

To review the effects of ionizing radiation to the conceptus and the relationship to the timing of the exposure during pregnancy. To consider strategies that would mitigate potential harms associated with exposure to ionizing radiation during pregnancy. Data reported in the peer-reviewed literature on entrance KERMA received from specific radiological examinations were combined with published results from experiment or Monte Carlo modeling of tissue and organ doses per entrance KERMA to estimate total doses that could be received from specific procedures. Data reported in the peer-reviewed literature on dose mitigation strategies, best practices for shielding, consent, counseling and emerging technologies were reviewed. For procedures utilizing ionizing radiation for which the conceptus is not included in the primary radiation beam, typical doses are well below the threshold for causing tissue reactions and the risk of induction of childhood cancer is low. For procedures that include the conceptus in the primary radiation field, longer fluoroscopic interventional procedures or multiphase/multiple exposures potentially could approach or exceed thresholds for tissue reactions and the risk of cancer induction must be weighed against the expected risk/benefit of performing (or not) the imaging examination. Gonadal shielding is no longer considered best practice. Emerging technologies such as whole-body DWI/MRI, dual-energy CT and ultralow dose studies are gaining importance for overall dose reduction strategies. The ALARA principle, considering potential benefits and risks should be followed with respect to the use of ionizing radiation. Nevertheless, as Wieseler et al. (2010) state, "no examination should be withheld when an important clinical diagnosis is under consideration." Best practices require updates on current available technologies and guidelines.

Unveiling the Intrinsic Structure and Intragrain Defects of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites by Ultralow Dose Transmission Electron Microscopy.

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a powerful tool for unveiling the structural, compositional, and electronic properties of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) at the atomic to micrometer length scales. However, the structural and compositional instability of OIHPs under electron beam radiation results in misunderstandings of the microscopic structure-property-performance relationship in OIHP devices. Here, ultralow dose TEM is utilized to identify the mechanism of the electron-beam-induced changes in OHIPs and clarify the cumulative electron dose thresholds (critical dose) of different commercially interesting state-of-the-art OIHPs, including methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3 ), formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3 ), FA0.83 Cs0.17 PbI3 , FA0.15 Cs0.85 PbI3 , and MAPb0.5 Sn0.5 I3 . The critical dose is related to the composition of the OIHPs, with FA0.15 Cs0.85 PbI3 having the highest critical dose of ≈84 e Å-2 and FA0.83 Cs0.17 PbI3 having the lowest critical dose of ≈4.2 e Å-2 . The electron beam irradiation results in the formation of a superstructure with ordered I and FA vacancies along <110>c , as identified from the three major crystal axes in cubic FAPbI3 , <100>c , <110>c , and <111>c . The intragrain planar defects in FAPbI3 are stable, while an obvious modification is observed in FA0.83 Cs0.17 PbI3 under continuous electron beam exposure. This information can serve as a guide for ensuring a reliable understanding of the microstructure of OIHP optoelectronic devices by TEM.

Safety and efficacy of an ultra low dose fluoroscopic protocol for chronic total occlusion recanalization.

Chronic total occlusion (CTO) revascularization is a major source of radiation for both patients and physicians. Therefore, efforts to minimize radiation during CTOpercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are highly encouraged. To evaluate the impact of an Ultra Low fluoroscopic Dose Protocol (ULDP), based on 3.75 frames per second for the fluoroscopy and 7.5 frames per second for the cine acquisition, during CTO PCI. One hundred fiftyconsecutive patients who underwent CTO PCI were retrospectively enrolled. Eighty-fiveunderwent standard dose protocol (SDP) and 65 ULDP. Radiation exposure and acute clinical outcomes were compared between groups. Results were stratified according to lesion complexity. Patients undergoing ULDP, as compared to those undergoing SDP, showed a significant reduction of kerma area product, both for simple lesions (6861.0 vs. 13236.0 mGy × cm2 ; p = 0.014) and complex lesions (CL) (8865.0 vs. 16618.0 mGy × cm2 ; p < 0.001). Similarly, Air Kerma (AK) was lower when ULDP was used (1222.5 vs. 2015.0 cGy in SL, p = 0.134; 1499.0 vs. 2794.0 cGy in CL, p < 0.001). No significant differences were reported regarding procedural success and in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular eventsbetween groups. Notably, there was not any crossover from ULDO to SDP due to poor quality images. Interestingly, fluoroscopy time, procedural time and contrast volume was significantly lower in patients undergoing ULDP only for CLs. ULDP significantly reduces radiation exposure in the setting of high complexity procedures such as CTO PCI. This reduction seemed to be greater with increased procedural complexity and did not impact acute success or adverse clinical events.

3D imaging in dentofacial orthopedics: the essential multifunctional tool

Digital technology has invaded all the fields of activity of our modern society, including our practice, with the possibility to perform 3D imaging, mainly by the intraoral 3D scan camera which allows to digitize the dental arches, but also by the cone beam which allows to virtualize the patient's skull, in whole or in part. In this article, we will present the complete file of a patient suffering from a temporomandibular dysfunction, for which a 3D reconstruction technique easily usable today has been used. The reconstructed 3D images are of great importance for the diagnosis, but also for the therapeutic planning and its follow-up. The examination time is short and the X-ray dose inflicted on the patient is lower than with conventional CT and approaches the dose emitted for a teleradiographic cephalometric examination with the use of Ultra Low Dose technology. This 3D technique can therefore be considered as the imaging technique to be favored when the investigation of bony changes of the temporomandibular joint is to be recorded, even if this examination is not for the moment a first-line examination. However, it will only be one of the decision support tools and will not be able to replace the treatment prescription.

Ultra-low dose computed tomography protocols using spectral shaping for lung cancer screening: Comparison with low-dose for volumetric LungRADS classification

PurposeTo compare Low-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) with four different Ultra-Low-Dose Computed Tomography (ULDCT) protocols for PN classification according to the Lung Reporting and Data System (LungRADS). MethodsThree hundred sixty-one participants of an ongoing lung cancer screening (LCS) underwent single-breath-hold double chest Computed Tomography (CT), including LDCT (120kVp, 25mAs; CTDIvol 1,62 mGy) and one ULDCT among: fully automated exposure control (“ULDCT1”); fixed tube-voltage and current according to patient size (“ULDCT2”); hybrid approach with fixed tube-voltage (“ULDCT3”) and tube current automated exposure control (“ULDCT4”).Two radiologists (R1, R2) assessed LungRADS 2022 categories on LDCT, and then after 2 weeks on ULDCT using two different kernels (R1: Qr49ADMIRE 4; R2: Br49ADMIRE 3).Intra-subject agreement for LungRADS categories between LDCT and ULDCT was measured by the k-Cohen Index with Fleiss-Cohen weights. ResultsLDCT-dominant PNs were detected in ULDCT in 87 % of cases on Qr49ADMIRE 4 and 88 % on Br49ADMIRE 3. The intra-subject agreement was: κULDCT1 = 0.89 [95 %CI 0.82–0.96]; κULDCT2 = 0.90 [0.81–0.98]; κULDCT3 = 0.91 [0.84–0.99]; κULDCT4 = 0.88 [0.78–0.97] on Qr49ADMIRE 4, and κULDCT1 = 0.88 [0.80–0.95]; κULDCT2 = 0.91 [0.86–0.96]; κULDCT3 = 0.87 [0.78–0.95]; and κULDCT4 = 0.88 [0.82–0.94] on Br49ADMIRE 3.LDCT classified as LungRADS 4B were correctly identified as LungRADS 4B at ULDCT3, with the lowest radiation exposure among the tested protocols (median effective doses were 0.31, 0.36, 0.27 and 0.37 mSv for ULDCT1, ULDCT2, ULDCT3, and ULDCT4, respectively). ConclusionsULDCT by spectral shaping allows the detection and characterization of PNs with an excellent agreement with LDCT and can be proposed as a feasible approach in LCS.

Real-Space Imaging of the Molecular Changes in Metal-Organic Frameworks under Electron Irradiation.

Electron-induced structural changes influence the characterizations of the local structure of various materials by electron microscope. However, for beam-sensitive materials, it is still challenging to detect such changes by electron microscopy, which may help us quantitatively reveal how electrons interact with materials under electron irradiation. Here, we use an emergent phase contrast technique in electron microscopy to clearly image a metal-organic framework, UiO-66 (Zr), at an ultralow electron dose and dose rate. The effects of both the dose and dose rate on the UiO-66 (Zr) structure are visualized, which induce obvious missing organic linkers. The kinetics of the missing linker based on the radiolysis mechanism are semiquantitatively expressed by the different intensities of the imaged organic linkers. Deformation of the UiO-66 (Zr) lattice after the missing linker is also observed. These observations make it possible to visually investigate the electron-induced chemistry in various beam-sensitive materials and avoid electron damage to them.

Potential of Unenhanced Ultra-Low-Dose Abdominal Photon-Counting CT with Tin Filtration: A Cadaveric Study.

This study investigated the feasibility and image quality of ultra-low-dose unenhanced abdominal CT using photon-counting detector technology and tin prefiltration. Employing a first-generation photon-counting CT scanner, eight cadaveric specimens were examined both with tin prefiltration (Sn 100 kVp) and polychromatic (120 kVp) scan protocols matched for radiation dose at three different levels: standard-dose (3 mGy), low-dose (1 mGy) and ultra-low-dose (0.5 mGy). Image quality was evaluated quantitatively by means of contrast-to-noise-ratios (CNR) with regions of interest placed in the renal cortex and subcutaneous fat. Additionally, three independent radiologists performed subjective evaluation of image quality. The intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated as a measure of interrater reliability. Irrespective of scan mode, CNR in the renal cortex decreased with lower radiation dose. Despite similar mean energy of the applied x-ray spectrum, CNR was superior for Sn 100 kVp over 120 kVp at standard-dose (17.75 ± 3.51 vs. 14.13 ± 4.02), low-dose (13.99 ± 2.6 vs. 10.68 ± 2.17) and ultra-low-dose levels (8.88 ± 2.01 vs. 11.06 ± 1.74) (all p ≤ 0.05). Subjective image quality was highest for both standard-dose protocols (score 5; interquartile range 5-5). While no difference was ascertained between Sn 100 kVp and 120 kVp examinations at standard and low-dose levels, the subjective image quality of tin-filtered scans was superior to 120 kVp with ultra-low radiation dose (p < 0.05). An intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.844 (95% confidence interval 0.763-0.906; p < 0.001) indicated good interrater reliability. Photon-counting detector CT permits excellent image quality in unenhanced abdominal CT with very low radiation dose. Employment of tin prefiltration at 100 kVp instead of polychromatic imaging at 120 kVp increases the image quality even further in the ultra-low-dose range of 0.5 mGy.

Ultra-low-dose CT lung screening with artificial intelligence iterative reconstruction: evaluation via automatic nodule-detection software

To test the feasibility of ultra-low-dose (ULD) computed tomography (CT) combined with an artificial intelligence iterative reconstruction (AIIR) algorithm for screening pulmonary nodules using computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD). A chest phantom with artificial pulmonary nodules was first scanned using the routine protocol and the ULD protocol (3.28 versus 0.18 mSv) to compare the image quality and to test the acceptability of the ULD CT protocol. Next, 147 lung-screening patients were enrolled prospectively, undergoing an additional ULD CT immediately after their routine CT examination for clinical validation. Images were reconstructed with filtered back-projection (FBP), hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR), the AIIR, and were imported to the CAD software for preliminary nodule detection. Subjective image quality on the phantom was scored using a five-point scale and compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Nodule detection using CAD was evaluated for ULD HIR and AIIR images using the routine dose image as reference. Higher image quality was scored for AIIR than for FBP and HIR at ULD (p<0.001). As reported by CAD, 107 patients were presented with more than five nodules on routine dose images and were chosen to represent the challenging cases at an early stage of pulmonary disease. Among such, the performance of nodule detection by CAD on ULD HIR and AIIR images was 75.2% and 92.2% of the routine dose image, respectively. Combined with AIIR, it was feasible to use an ULD CT protocol with 95% dose reduction for CAD-based screening of pulmonary nodules.

Surveillance of Daughter Micronodule Formation Is a Key Factor for Vaccine Evaluation Using Experimental Infection Models of Tuberculosis in Macaques.

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major worldwide health problem and models using non-human primates (NHP) provide the most relevant approach for vaccine testing. In this study, we analysed CT images collected from cynomolgus and rhesus macaques following exposure to ultra-low dose Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) aerosols, and monitored them for 16 weeks to evaluate the impact of prior intradermal or inhaled BCG vaccination on the progression of lung disease. All lesions found (2553) were classified according to their size and we subclassified small micronodules (<4.4 mm) as 'isolated', or as 'daughter', when they were in contact with consolidation (described as lesions ≥ 4.5 mm). Our data link the higher capacity to contain Mtb infection in cynomolgus with the reduced incidence of daughter micronodules, thus avoiding the development of consolidated lesions and their consequent enlargement and evolution to cavitation. In the case of rhesus, intradermal vaccination has a higher capacity to reduce the formation of daughter micronodules. This study supports the 'Bubble Model' defined with the C3HBe/FeJ mice and proposes a new method to evaluate outcomes in experimental models of TB in NHP based on CT images, which would fit a future machine learning approach to evaluate new vaccines.

Using an ultra-low dose of superparamagnetic iron oxide for sentinel lymph node detection in breast cancer patients - the MAGSNOW feasibility study.

Using an ultra-low dose of superparamagnetic iron oxide for sentinel lymph node detection in breast cancer patients - the MAGSNOW feasibility study.

Effect of an Ultralow Dose Effect of the Antioxidant Resveratrol Under the Influence of Heat Stress Factor on the Membrane Structure of the Mitochondria Isolated from the Pisum sativum L. Pea Germ

Effect of an Ultralow Dose Effect of the Antioxidant Resveratrol Under the Influence of Heat Stress Factor on the Membrane Structure of the Mitochondria Isolated from the Pisum sativum L. Pea Germ

Encapsulation of silver nano crystals using Salvinia molesta against the Anopheles stephensi and oxidative stress enzyme activity of larvivorous fish

Anopheles mosquitoes, which are the main carriers of the disease throughout India, Asia, and the Middle East, are the ones that cause malaria. The role of water predators in mosquito aquatic stage regulation is still recognized. With the use of synthetic insecticides, the environment became contaminated and insects developed high resistance to chemical pesticides. Based on our outline, we anticipated an innovative technique of bioencapsulated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Salvinia molesta, which would perform as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Bioencapsulated-AgNPs existed and were classified using a variety of physiochemical techniques. In bioassays, the LC50 values of S. molesta aqueous extract against Anopheles stephensi range from 240.247 (1st instar larvae) - 428.851 ppm (pupae), LC50 of S. molesta-encapsulated AgNPs ranges from 20.010 (1st instar larvae) to 35.676 ppm (pupae). An experiment with S. molesta extract and encapsulated AgNPs was conducted in the open environment, and the larval reduction of mosquitoes was 100% after 72 h. In the ovicidal activity of An. stephensi, hatched eggs were reduced by 100% when treated with 40 ppm of encapsulated AgNPs and 500 ppm of S. molesta extract and encapsulated AgNPs, which significantly reduced the life span of malarial mosquito adults. Furthermore, we investigated the predatory ability of the larvivorous fish Aplocheilus blockii against third and fourth instar larvae of An. stephensi in laboratory conditions using ultra-low doses of bioencapsulated-AgNPs. Regarding non-target impact, in a conventional laboratory environment, the predation efficacy of the larvivorous fish A. blockii, was 58.58% and 54.78% against the 3rd and 4th instar larvae of An. stephensi, respectively. In bioencapsulated AgNPs-contaminated circumstances, fish predation was amplified to 78.18% and 75.54%, respectively. A. blockii was exposed to sublethal concentrations of AgNPs, namely 5, 10, and 15 g/ml, in enzymatic assays to assess changes in GST and AChE activity after 16 days. This study advances our understanding of the contagiousness of water-floating fern-conveyed insecticides and bioencapsulated AgNPs against therapeutically important insects, allowing us to recommend the proven materials as effective candidates to evolve the most recent and cost-effective pest management tools, and the long-term use of this larvivorous fish during wetlands and associated An. stephensi larval ecologies in various parts of the country is proposed.

Ultralow-dose [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging: demonstration of feasibility in dynamic and static images.

Validation of [18F]FDG PET/CT at ultralow-dose (0.37MBq/kg) and compared to imaging at half-dose (1.85MBq/kg). This prospective head-to-head intraindividual study compared dynamic and static parameters of ultralow-dose with half-dose [18F]FDG total-body PET/CT. In static imaging, the ultralow-dose groups of PET images were denoted ULD5, 60-65min; ULD8, 60-68min; ULD10, 60-70min; and ULD15, 60-75min. The half-dose group images were reconstructed to 60-61, 60-62, 60-63, and 60-75min, defined as LD1, LD2, LD3, and LD15, respectively. A 5-point Likert scale was used to subjectively evaluate the quality of static PET images, with a score greater than 3 considered to meet the requirements for clinical diagnosis. Thirty participants were included in this study, and in terms of kinetic indicators, no special differences were found between the two groups of normal organs and lesions. In static images, those in groups ULD8 and LD2 achieved scores of [Formula: see text] 3.0, meeting the requirements for clinical diagnosis. In static imaging, four lesions were missed in the LD1 group with a lesion detectability of 89.7% (35/39). In the meantime, lesions were not missed in the whole ultra-low dose group (ULD5, ULD8, ULD10, and ULD15) and half-dose groups (LD2 and LD3). Compared with half-dose imaging, ultralow-dose [18F]FDG total-body PET/CT imaging is clinically feasible, and there was no meaningful difference between the two groups of quantitative and qualitative analysis either dynamic or static images. Total-body PET/CT with ultralow-dose activity, the corresponding acquisition time of 8min provides acceptableimage quality and lesion detection. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: ChiCTR2000036487 KEY POINTS: • A prospective single-center study showed that the total-body PET scanner allows ultralow-dose [18F]FDG imaging with acceptableimage quality and lesion detectability. • For the participant, radiation exposure can be reduced with ultralow-dose [18F]FDG total-body PET/CT imaging.

Stem cell–nanomedicine system as a theranostic bio-gadolinium agent for targeted neutron capture cancer therapy

The potential clinical application of gadolinium-neutron capture therapy (Gd-NCT) for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment has been compromised by the fast clearance and nonspecific biodistribution of gadolinium-based agents. We have developed a stem cell–nanoparticle system (SNS) to actively target GBM for advanced Gd-NCT by magnetizing umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UMSCs) using gadodiamide-concealed magnetic nanoparticles (Gd-FPFNP). Nanoformulated gadodiamide shielded by a dense surface composed of fucoidan and polyvinyl alcohol demonstrates enhanced cellular association and biocompatibility in UMSCs. The SNS preserves the ability of UMSCs to actively penetrate the blood brain barrier and home to GBM and, when magnetically navigates by an external magnetic field, an 8-fold increase in tumor-to-blood ratio is achieved compared with clinical data. In an orthotopic GBM-bearing rat model, using a single dose of irradiation and an ultra-low gadolinium dose (200 μg kg−1), SNS significantly attenuates GBM progression without inducing safety issues, prolonging median survival 2.5-fold compared to free gadodiamide. The SNS is a cell-based delivery system that integrates the strengths of cell therapy and nanotechnology, which provides an alternative strategy for the treatment of brain diseases.