In this paper, a technology of impregnating ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with shear thickening fluid (STF) was proposed to prepare composite laminates, and the ballistic properties of laminates with hybrid configurations were studied. Firstly, two kinds of STFs were prepared using silica particles of 20 nm and 500 nm. Then, STF-impregnated UHMWPE composite laminates were prepared using the hot-press lamination process. Finally, a ballistic experimental study of different combinations of laminates was carried out using a two-stage light gas gun. The results of the study show that the energy absorption rate of the hybridized laminate with the 20 nm + 50 nm configuration scheme is enhanced by more than 9.3 % compared to the laminate impregnated with the single STF. The laminate’s back face deformation depth (BFD depth) after impregnation with shear thickening fluid is only 66.8 % of that of pure UHMWPE laminate. The research work can provide new ideas and references for designing and developing new protective equipment.