Ultrahigh Energy Storage Research Articles

New pyrochlore La2Zr2O7 ceramics with ultra-high breakdown electric field strength and energy storage efficiency

The application potential of the La2Zr2O7 ceramic as a lead-free dielectric capacitor was first proposed and investigated. The breakdown field strength is 1350 kV cm−1, the energy storage density is 3.89 J cm−3, and the efficiency is 89.78%.

Self-healing polymer dielectric exhibiting ultrahigh capacitive energy storage performance at 250 °C

Polymer dielectrics capable of operating at elevated temperatures are essential components in advanced electronics and electrical power systems. However, dielectric polymers generally display significantly deteriorated capacitive performance at high temperatures...

Revealing atomic structure and composition in ultrahigh energy storage density ferroelectric thin-films

Revealing atomic structure and composition in ultrahigh energy storage density ferroelectric thin-films

A polarization double-enhancement strategy to achieve super low energy consumption with ultra-high energy storage capacity in BCZT-based relaxor ferroelectrics.

Due to dielectric capacitors' already-obtained fast charge-discharge speed, research has been focused on improving their Wrec. Increasing the polarization and enhancing the voltage endurance are efficient ways to reach higher Wrec, however simultaneous modification still seems a paradox. For example, in the ferroelectric-to-relaxor ferroelectric (FE-to-RFE) phase transition strategy, which has been widely used in the latest decade, electric breakdown strength (Eb) and energy storage efficiency (η) always increase, while at the same time, the maximum polarization (Pmax) inevitably decreases. The solution to this problem can be obtained from another degree of freedom, like defect engineering. By incorporating Bi(Zn2/3Ta1/3)O3 (BZT) into the Ba0.15Ca0.85Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 (BCZT) lattice to form (1 - x)Ba0.15Ca0.85Zr0.1Ti0.9O3-xBi(Zn2/3Ta1/3)O3 (BCZT-xBZT) solid-solution ceramics, in this work, ultrahigh ferroelectric polarization was achieved in BCZT-0.15BZT, which is caused by the polarization double-enhancement, comprising the contribution of interfacial and dipole polarization. In addition, due to the electron compensation, a Schottky contact formed at the interface between the electrode and the ceramic, which in the meantime, enhanced its Eb. A Wrec of 8.03 J cm-3, which is the highest among the BCZT-based ceramics reported so far, with an extremely low energy consumption, was finally achieved. BCZT-0.15BZT also has relatively good polarization fatigue after long-term use, good energy storage frequency stability and thermal stability, as well as excellent discharge properties.

Ultrahigh energy storage capacities in high-entropy relaxor ferroelectrics

This study shows that entropy engineering can enhance the energy-storage performance of lead-free BNT-based dielectrics, achieving a recoverable energy density of 11.24 J cm−3 and 88.3% efficiency, with excellent stability and rapid discharge.

A novel Tetrahexcarbon as a high-performance anode material for Na-ion and K-ion batteries

The search for high storage capacity anode materials has been an important topic in the field of ion batteries. With the gradual development of two-dimensional (2D) materials, their potential as high-performance electrode materials have been demonstrated. Here, using first principles calculations, we investigate the feasibility of novel Tetrahexcarbon as a high-performance anode material for Na/K ion batteries. Our results indicate that Na/K ions can be chemically and stably adsorbed on the surface of Tetrahexcarbon. It is noteworthy that the Na capacity of Tetrahexcarbon is up to 2233.3 mAh g-1 and the K capacity up to 744.4 mAh g-1 with a guaranteed low diffusion barrier (0.14 eV for Na; 0.18 eV for K). Therefore, our calculations show that Tetrahexcarbon is an excellent anode material with great potential for ultra-high energy storage devices.

Self-Assembly of Binderless MXene Aerogel for Multiple-Scenario and Responsive Phase Change Composites with Ultrahigh Thermal Energy Storage Density and Exceptional Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

HighlightsThis work proposes a tactic for improving the efficiency of thermal energy conversion and expanding the application scenarios of phase change materials by constructing non-binder and oriented MXene-K+ aerogel.The prepared phase change composites (PCCs) can rapidly transform solar, electric, magnetic energy into latent heat for keeping warm, power generation, and thermal physiotherapy.Owing to the suggested tactic, the prepared PCCs achieves ultrahigh energy storage density and realize 99.9998% electromagnetic wave energy attenuation.

Ultrahigh Energy Storage in Tungsten Bronze Dielectric Ceramics Through a Weakly Coupled Relaxor Design.

Dielectric energy-storage capacitors, known for their ultrafast discharge time and high-power density, find widespread applications in high-power pulse devices. However, ceramics featuring a tetragonal tungsten bronze structure (TTBs) have received limited attention due to their lower energy-storage capacity compared to perovskite counterparts. Herein, a TTBs relaxor ferroelectric ceramic based on the Gd0.03 Ba0.47 Sr0.485-1.5 x Smx Nb2 O6 composition, exhibiting an ultrahigh recoverable energy density of 9 J cm-3 and an efficiency of 84% under an electric field of 660kV cm-1 is reported. Notably, the energy storage performance of this ceramic shows remarkable stability against frequency, temperature, and cycling electric field. The introduction of Sm3+ doping is found to create weakly coupled polar nanoregions in the Gd0.03 Ba0.47 Sr0.485 Nb2 O6 ceramic. Structural characterizations reveal that the incommensurability parameter increases with higher Sm3+ content, indicative of a highly disordered A-site structure. Simultaneously, the breakdown strength is also enhanced by raising the conduction activation energy, widening the bandgap, and reducing the electric field-induced strain. This work presents a significant improvement on the energy storage capabilities of TTBs-based capacitors, expanding the material choice for high-power pulse device applications.

Achieving ultrahigh energy storage density under low electric field in (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-based relaxor ferroelectric ceramics via a synergistic optimization strategy

Lead-free dielectric ceramic capacitors are attracting much interest in pulse power systems owing to their fast charge/discharge rate and high power density. However, their development towards integration and miniaturization in electronic devices has been severely impeded by low energy storage performance (ESP) under low electric field (E). Herein, a synergistic optimization strategy of composition design and domain engineering was proposed in the Bi(Mg0.5Hf0.5)O3-modified Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-Sr0.7Bi0.2Ca0.1TiO3 ceramics [(1-x)(NBT-SBCT)-xBMH], aiming to improve ESP at low E. As a result, an ultrahigh recoverable energy density (Wrec) of ∼5.9 J/cm3 and a high efficiency (η) of ∼85 % can be obtained in x = 0.20 ceramics under a low E of 260 kV/cm, which is superior to previously reported lead-free materials under the equivalent E. The outstanding Wrec is mainly ascribed to the ultrahigh polarization discrepancy (ΔP) of ∼50.8 μC/cm2 since the rich hybridization of Bi 6 s and O 2p orbitals maintains a maximum polarization and the addition of Mg2+ and Hf4+ transforms the long-range ferroelectric order into polar nanoregions (PNRs) with good relaxation characteristics. Moreover, a fast discharge time (∼62 ns), good temperature (20–120 °C) and frequency (1–103 Hz) stabilities, and excellent fatigue resistance (×105 cycles) can be concurrently realized in x = 0.20 ceramics. These results demonstrate the promising strategy of developing low E lead-free ceramics for dielectric energy storage.

Boosting Energy Storage Performance of Glass Ceramics via Modulating Defect Formation During Crystallization.

Along with the demand for further miniaturization of high and pulsed power devices, it becomes more and more important to realize ultrahigh recoverable energy storage density (Wrec ) with high energy storage efficiency (η) and ultrahigh discharge energy storage density (Wd ) accompanied by high power density (Pd ) in dielectrics. To date, it remains, however, a big challenge to achieve high Wrec or Wd in glass ceramics compared to other dielectric energy storage materials. Herein, a strategy of defect formation modulation is applied to form "amorphous-disordered-ordered" microstructure in BaTiO3 -based glass ceramics so as to achieve a high Wrec of 12.04 J cm-3 with a high η of 81.1% and an ultrahigh Wd of 11.98 J cm-3 with a superb Pd of 973 MW cm-3 . This work demonstrates a feasible route to obtain glass ceramics with an outstanding energy storage performance and proves the enormous potential of glass ceramics in high and pulsed power applications.

Two dimensional AlB4 as high-performance anode material for Li/Na-ion batteries

The development of anode materials for ultra-high energy storage is an important topic for high-performance Li/Na ion batteries (LIBs/NIBs). Here, we propose AlB4 monolayer as a novel anode material for LIBs/NIBs by first principles calculations. The AlB4 monolayer has excellent kinetic and thermodynamic stability. Most importantly, the AlB4 monolayer is very promising for synthesis and we provide a synthetic idea. Both sides of the monolayer can be lithiated/sodified to give AlB4Li8 and AlB4Na4 with storage capacities of 3053.3 mA h g−1 and 1526.6 mA h g−1, respectively. In addition, AlB4 monolayer has low values of open-circuit voltage and diffusion barrier, which is required for anode materials. These calculations show that AlB4 monolayer is one of the very few excellent ultra-high energy storage LIBs/NIBs anode materials found to date.

Ultrahigh energy storage density in Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3-based lead-free ceramics by introducing a relaxor end-member

Ultrahigh energy storage density in Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3-based lead-free ceramics by introducing a relaxor end-member

Achieving ultrahigh energy storage density and efficiency above 90% via reducing defect concentrations for AgNbO3-based multilayer capacitors

Dielectric capacitors are exceedingly desired for the next-generation advanced high/pulsed power devices that are demanded for miniaturization and integration because they have the advantages of fast charging and discharging speed and high-power density. Silver niobate (AgNbO3, AN) system has attracted much attention in recent years because of its excellent energy storage performances and environmental friendliness. However, poor efficiency (η) less than 85 % has been major challenges for its practical applications because of its AFE characteristics and large P-E hysteresis. To address this, herein AgNb0.6Ta0.4O3 + x wt% MnO2 (ANT + x wt% MnO2) MLCCs were designed, and an ultrahigh η of ∼91.1 % that has been the highest value for AN system so far as and excellent Urec of ∼10.68 J·cm−3 were achieved in ANT + 0.2 wt% MnO2 MLCCs. This is because the fact that the Mn2+ ions entered the A site in the ANT + x wt% MnO2 MLCCs, made the defect concentrations decreased. Furthermore, ANT + 0.2 wt% MnO2 MLCCs also exhibited a broad operating temperature range of up to 150 °C and excellent frequency stability, with minimal variations of less than 5 % in energy storage density. This work offers a good paradigm for improving the energy storage properties of AN-based MLCCs to meet the demanding requirements of advanced energy storage applications.

Superior comprehensive energy storage performances in Eu-doped AgNbO3 antiferroelectric ceramics

Antiferroelectric (AFE) dielectrics are considered promising materials for pulse power applications due to their high energy density. However, the energy storage performance of AgNbO3 lead-free AFE ceramics suffers from low breakdown strength (Eb) and weak AFE stability at room temperature. Along these lines, in this work, the tape-casting process together with Eu-doping was used to improve Eb and enhance AFE stability of the AgNbO3 ceramics. As a result, an ultrahigh recoverable energy storage density of 10.0 J/cm3 was obtained in the (Ag0.91Eu0.03)NbO3 ceramic, which surpasses all the reported values of AgNbO3-based ceramics in the literatures. Meanwhile, the recoverable energy storage density of (Ag0.91Eu0.03)NbO3 ceramic showed excellent temperature- and frequency-stability. Interestingly, a remarkable discharge energy density of 8.0 J/cm3 was obtained in the pulsed charge/discharge test. These results clearly indicate that the (Ag0.91Eu0.03)NbO3 ceramics prepared via the tape-casting process exhibit great potential for energy storage applications and shed light on the design of energy storage ceramics in other materials.

High-performance energy storage in BNST-based lead-free ferroelectric ceramics achieved through high-entropy engineering

The utilization of a high entropy approach for the design of high-performance perovskite dielectric capacitors has been gaining much attention for the development of next-generation pulse power capacitors. Despite this, there are still challenges to further enhance their energy storage density and efficiency. To address this, a high-entropy strategy is proposed to significantly improve the energy storage characteristics of ceramics by increasing the configurational entropy and delaying saturation polarization. This approach has resulted in an ultra-high recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) of 7.16 J/cm3 and a high efficiency (η) of 93.3 % for 0.8[0.65(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-0.35SrTiO3)]-0.2[Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.2Sn0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2)O3] (abbreviated as 0.8BNST-0.2Ba(5 M)O) ceramic. The inclusion of Ba(5 M)O high entropy oxides has resulted in slender polarization–electric field hysteresis loops with delayed polarization saturation. The increase in atomic configuration entropy, degree of atomic disorder and lattice distortion due to the Ba(5 M)O high entropy oxides, has led to an increase in breakdown field, improved energy storage density and efficiency. Furthermore, excellent thermal stability (30–150 ℃), superior frequency stability (5–1000 Hz), and robust fatigue (100–105 cycles) endurance were achieved. The high entropy strategy has been demonstrated to be an effective method for the design of novel capacitors with superior energy storage performance.

NaNbO3-based short-range antiferroelectric ceramics with ultrahigh energy storage performance

NaNbO3-based short-range antiferroelectric ceramics with ultrahigh energy storage performance

Ultrahigh Energy Storage Density and Efficiency of Lead-Free Dielectrics with Sandwich Structure.

Lead-free dielectric capacitors have attracted significant research interest for high-power applications due to their environmental benefits and ability to meet the demanding performance requirements of electronic devices. However, the development of lead-free ceramic dielectrics with outstanding energy storage performance remains a challenge. In this study, environmentally friendly ceramic dielectrics with sandwich structures are designed and fabricated to improve energy storage performance via the synergistic effect of different dielectrics. The chemical compositions of the outer and middle layers of the sandwich structure are 0.35BiFeO3 -0.65SrTiO3 and Bi0.39 Na0.36 Sr0.25 TiO3 , respectively. The experimental and theoretical simulation results demonstrate that the breakdown strength is over 700kVcm-1 for prepare sandwich structure ceramics. As a result, an ultrahigh recoverable energy storage density of 9.05Jcm-3 and a near-ideal energy storage efficiency of 97% are simultaneously achieved under 710kVcm-1 . Furthermore, the energy storage efficiency maintains high values (≥ 96%) within 1-100Hz and the power density as high as 188MWcm-3 under 400kVcm-1 . These results indicate that the designed lead-free ceramics with a sandwich structure possess superior comprehensive energy storage performance, making them promising lead-free candidates in the energy storage field.

Compromise Optimized Superior Energy Storage Performance in Lead-Free Antiferroelectrics by Antiferroelectricity Modulation and Nanodomain Engineering.

Lead-free antiferroelectrics with excellent energy storage performance can become the core components of the next-generation advanced pulse power capacitors. However, the low energy storage efficiency caused by the hysteresis of antiferroelectric-ferroelectric transition largely limits their development toward miniaturization, lightweight, and integration. In this work, an ultrahigh recoverable energy storage density of ≈11.4 J cm-3 with a high efficiency of ≈80% can be realized in La-modified Ag0.5 Na0.5 NbO3 antiferroelectric ceramics at an ultrahigh breakdown electric field of ≈67kV mm-1 by the compromise optimization between antiferroelectricity enhancement and nanodomain engineering, resulting in the transformation of large-size ferrielectric antipolar stripe domains into ultrasmall antiferroelectric nanodomains or polarization nanoregions revealing as Moiré fringe structures. In addition, the enhanced transparency with increasing La content can also be clearly observed. This work not only develops new lead-free antiferroelectric energy storage materials with high application potential but also demonstrates that the strategy of compromise optimization between antiferroelectricity modulation and nanodomain engineering is an effective avenue to enhance the energy storage performance of antiferroelectrics.

Achieving Ultrahigh Energy Storage Performance for NaNbO3-Based Lead-Free Antiferroelectric Ceramics via the Coupling of the Stable Antiferroelectric R Phase and Nanodomain Engineering.

NaNbO3(NN)-based lead-free eco-friendly antiferroelectric (AFE) ceramics with an extremely high maximum polarization (Pm) are believed to be a promising alternative to traditional lead-based ceramics. Nevertheless, the high energy dissipation resulting from the large polarization hysteresis, which arises from the AFE-ferroelectric (FE) phase transition, poses a great challenge to the application of this promising ceramic. Herein, an excellent recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) was attained by intentionally designing a (0.86 - x) NaNbO3-0.14CaTiO3-xBiMg2/3Nb1/3O3 (NN-CT-xBMN) relaxor antiferroelectric ceramic, attributed to the synergistic effect of the stable AFE R phase and nanodomain engineering to overcome the bottleneck. The obtained results illustrate that the inclusion of BMN causes the transition from AFE microdomains to nanodomains and stabilizes the relaxor AFE orthorhombic R phase, which generates a highly stable polarization field response with low hysteresis and delays the AFE-FE phase transition, thus improving energy storage density. As a consequence, a high Wrec of 5.41 J cm-3 with an excellent conversion efficiency η of 86.7% was obtained in the NN-CT-0.08BMN ceramic. Moreover, the NN-CT-0.08BMN ceramic exhibits superior stability in temperature (25-150 °C), frequency (1-600 Hz), and fatigue behavior (10°-104 cycles) together with a large current density (CD = 810 A cm-2), ultrahigh power density (PD = 118 MW cm-3), and ultrafast discharge rate (t0.9 < 0.7 μs). This superior energy storage density, coupled with outstanding stability, suggests that the NN-CT-0.08BMN ceramic has the potential to be a promising candidate for pulsed power applications and power electronics.

High energy storage characteristics for Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3 (BST) doped Na0.7Bi0.1NbO3 (NBN) ceramics

In recent years, lead-free energy storage ceramics have been widely used as a new type of energy storage material with great application prospects. In this study, a modified NaNbO3 (NN) based ceramic, Na0.7Bi0.1NbO3 (NBN), is used as the matrix, and Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3 (BST) is added as a doping agent. A series of (1-x)Na0.7Bi0.1NbO3-xBa0.9Sr0.1TiO3 (xBST, x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) solid solutions have been designed and prepared using the solid-phase sintering method. The breakdown field strength (Eb) of 0.3BST ceramics reached 445 kV/cm, an unexpectedly ultra-high energy storage density (W) of 4.48 J/cm3 and a recoverable energy density (Wrec) of 3.47 J/cm3. In terms of charging and discharging performance, the ceramics have a low charging and discharging time of t0.9 = 1.38 μs. In addition, 0.1BST exhibits a high energy conversion efficiency of η = 87.35 %. These results confirm that (1-x)NBN-xBST ceramics are promising energy storage materials.