Ultimate Goal Of Life Research Articles

Mystical Thoughts of Tagore and Iqbal: A Comparative Analysis

Mysticism is a spiritual search for hidden truth or wisdom that aims to unite with the metaphysical realm. Mysticism is a direct experience of oneness with God. It is a diverse set of practices, discourses, teachings, articles, texts, institutions, traditions, and experiences related to the instruction of human transformation. Mysticism encompasses everything associated with God. Mystical experiences are unique to each individual. This paper delves into the mystical thoughts of two multi-genius thinkers, the greatest philosophers and mystical poets: Rabindranath Tagore and Muhammad Iqbal. It also shows the relationship between man and God in the writing of Tagore and Iqbal. Also, it deals with how Tagore and Iqbal combine nature, different aspects of the self, and images of the divine. They hold that God’s presence permeates all of creation and that mysticism and humanism are the primary sources of an individual’s spiritual power. They think that God is within man, and man is a reflection of this divine spirit, which is God. Tagore imparts a system of Indian mystical thought in which the Gita’s theism, Vedic metaphysics, the Upanishad’s teachings, the mystical philosophy of the Bauls, the doctrine of love of Vaishnava, and Sufism exist in synthesis. Iqbal emphasizes that the ultimate goal of human life is to accomplish the will of the Almighty. Tagore and Iqbal’s writing contains many similar ideas, images, techniques, and analyses. Philosophy and Progress, Vol#73-74; No#1-2; Jan-Dec 2023 P 183-214

Kant and Schopenhauer on the Ultimate Goal of Human Life

Contemporary reflection concerning man focuses upon man as a being living only “here and now”, it is “short-termed” in character. In this paper, going against the current of this dominant tendency, I would like to show how interesting and important is the question about the ultimate goal of human life. In my considerations I refer to the thought of Immanuel Kant and Arthur Schopenhauer – two classical authors of modern philosophy – who still seem to exert a significant influence on the European culture. Even if in their systems they depart from similar assumptions, their conclusions concerning man are radically different: for Kant, every human being has unique value and is called to create “civil society”; for Schopenhauer every individual being (including man) is volatile and devoid of meaning and value. The question remains open as to whether the ultimate message of their philosophy can be still an inspiration for us today, or whether it already sounds rather strange and unfamiliar in confrontation with the spirit of modernity.

The Necessity of Virtue in the Search for the Ultimate Goal of Human Life: Aristotle in Dialogue With the Contemporary World

This study analysed Aristotle’s dialogue on virtue as a necessity for the ultimate goal of human existence. Aristotle (384-322 BC) argued that virtue is indispensable for the attainment of the ultimate goal of human life resulting from contemplation. He identified it as eudaimonia, translated to mean happiness (living well or faring well). He contended that living according to the virtues translates to living in tune with human nature which guarantees true happiness. However, a cursory look at our contemporary society reveals that the necessity of virtue has been greatly undermined while what guarantees true happiness has also been misconstrued. In such a situation, there is a growing concern within the moral community as to how the knowledge of good impacts our emotions and sense of reason; hence, reemphasizing the place of virtue in attaining the goal of a good human society is indisputable. Through effective application of the method of analysis, this work attempted to outline Aristotle’s arguments which speak in favour of the necessity of virtue. The objective was to defend the practice of virtue as an indispensable component of the happy life notwithstanding different objections to the necessity thesis. In conclusion, the argument was sustained that the thesis of the necessity of virtue which Aristotle defended in antiquity still has something to tell us today. Therefore, contemporary accounts of the good or happy life should prioritize virtue.

An Adolescents First Insight: On the Infiltration and Manifestation of Buddhist Four Noble Truths in East Asian Animation Works

Animation, as one of the genres of cultural products that East Asian adolescents born in the 1980s and thereafter are most exposed to in the initial stages of their lives, plays an important role in their contact with the outside world and formation of their worldview and value judgment. While Buddhism, as one of the most popular religions among East Asian countries, has an undeniable influence in the creation of literary and artistic works, as well as a strong penetration in the process of constructing the worldview and outlook on life of East Asian teenagers. As the basic doctrine of Buddhism, the core of the Four Noble Truths has constantly been manifested in many East Asian animation works. By analyzing the Buddhist elements and the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism in the three most influential animation works for East Asian adolescent audiences from the 1990s to the present, namely One Piece, Neon Genesis Evangelion, Jujutsu Kaisen, this paper then describes the insights and reflections on the sufferings of life, the ultimate goal of life, and the paths of life cultivation that are produced by adolescent audiences when watching the animation, and then analyses the important influence of these animation works on their way of thinking.

Draupadi: Journeying from Materiality to Liberation

Materialistic quest concerning the school of Lokayata or Charvaka in Hindu philosophy, is the pursuit of worldly desires, pleasures, and happiness, without regard for spiritual or ethical values. (Chattropadhyaya) According to Buddhism, these desires or cravings are the forbearers of dukkha. This signifies that the Attachment to earthly substances, abstract or concrete, binds him like a chain to the worldly sorrows whereas the same attachment to the divinity leads him to the ultimate liberation of his soul, which is called Moksha. It is the ultimate goal of human life which sets one free from the cycle of death, rebirth and the law of cause and effect. The Palace of Illusion is a contemporary retelling of the Mahabharata by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni which centres on the protagonist Draupadi. The story presents her life journey, from her childhood to her demise. Her humanness is established with the combination of her virtues as well as follies. Her persistent quest for earthly self-identity and materialistic pleasure turns out to be a mirage at the time of her final time whereas her attachment to Krishna leads her to spiritual liberation. The paper aims to highlight Draupadi’s materialistic quest and its consequences concerning her attachment to Krishna that transcendences her spirit and sets her free from all the earthly agony.

The expression of ultimate life goals in co-creative art processes with palliative cancer patients

Background Co-creation, characterized by artists and patients creating a joint work of art, may support patients with the integration of disruptive life events into their life story, such as living with cancer. Focusing on experiences of contingency and life goals could support this process. The research questions are: (1) ‘how are patient’s ultimate life goals and experiences of contingency expressed in the work of art as created in a process of co-creation?’; (2) ‘how do the four phases of integration of experiences of contingency unfold during co-creation?’MethodsTen patients who were in a palliative stage of cancer treatment completed co-creation processes. Audio recordings of these co-creation processes were imported in Atlas-Ti and analysed by applying directed content analysis. We searched for life goals and experiences of contingency in the four phases of co-creation; Art communications, Element compilation, Consolidation, Reflection.ResultsPatients used 4–8 sessions (median 5 sessions) with a duration of 90–240 min each (median duration 120 min). All patients expressed their experience of contingency and their ultimate life goals within the four phases of co-creation and in their work of art. A case description is presented illustrating the co-creation process.ConclusionsDuring co-creation, patients move through four phases in which experiences of contingency and ultimate life goals can be made explicit through art making and can be expressed in the work of art, supporting integration of experiences of contingency into one’s life narrative.

‘RAGADI ROGA’ PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AS ROOT CAUSE OF ALL DISEASESA CRITICAL REVIEW OF AN AYURVEDIC CONCEPT.

The ultimate goal of human life is to be healthy and stay free from diseases. But humans are suffering from various kinds of diseases, thus leading to misery and unhappiness. Man has been searching for the root cause of all diseases since ages. Various concepts and theories were proposed by many learned scholars. Acharya Vagbhata has proposed that desire is the root cause of all diseases.1 So the utmost goal of human life is to learn to control the mind and his desires to prevent diseases and stay happy.

ADI SHANKARACHARYA’S HAGIOGRAPHY AND FIVEFOLD DISCIPLINE TO BRING OUT PERFECTION IN HUMAN

Homo species in creation have special quality ‘organic capacity’ to explore both the outer and inner worlds, means man has knowledge of secular as well as spiritual knowledge. That’s why human birth is considered as most rare birth, in this life only he gets the opportunity to conquer lower nature and manifest the higher. With the development of science and technology man tries to control nature and become civilized and cultured. He knows the world better but he must know himself is first step is most important for spiritual destiny as well as for the welfare of humanity. Human being has an animal instinct to evolve himself he has to do special efforts which is known as ‘Sadhana’. Through science progress and technology development man achieved comforts in his life but lost the peace of mind due to which he is unable to enjoy life any more. Our ancient seers had given us the most precious tools (Sadhana) as per individual needs, at different times he may require different Sadhana. According to our ancient scriptures to bring out change in human beings Sadhana plays a vital role. Sadhana means continuous endurance with firm determination to realize ultimate goal of human life. Bring out divinity in every individual which help to reform society; ultimately develop peace and harmony will go together hand in hand in the world.

Relasi Manusia Dan Pengada Dalam Konsep Kalepasan Tutur Brahmokta Widhisastra

Hindus believe in union with Brahman as the ultimate goal of life, the source of all life. The Balinese have always infused these ideas into knowledge that is considered confidential. Because readers struggle to understand and those who put it into practice require the presence of a near-perfectly competent teacher. Lack of attention to traditional Balinese texts containing metaphysical ideas and knowledge of perfection is the background of this study. This study is an attempt to describe the relationship between humans and beings from a metaphysical point of view in the form of a traditional text, the Tutur Brahmokta Widhisastra. The Tutur Brahmokta Widhisastra is one of his Siwaist-style texts that strongly expresses Kalepasan idea as one of the concepts of the relationship between humans and beings. The qualitative approach used in this study focuses on a philosophical approach that uses hermeneutic research methods to reveal the metaphysical ideas contained in Tutur Brahmokta Widisastra. Based on the critical analysis carried out, the relationship between humans and beings in Tutur Brahmokta Widisastra, the relationship between humans and beings in the human body and organs, becomes the stana of the gods and as the immovable mover of Shivaism. Kalepasan as a concept of union requires the performer to be able to understand the positions of the organs of the human body as the Sthana of the gods. In addition, people also need to understand the urips and scriptures (aksara) that represent each organ, each god. After full understanding and practice become possible, people will undoubtedly connect with beings through the path of pranayama and yoga.

Saivism is the Religion in which Shiva is Worshiped as the Supreme Deity

“Saivism is the religion in which Shiva is worshiped as the supreme deity.” Saivism is associated with Shiva and is eternal with the divine power and resources associated with nature beyond. The greatness of time has been praised by scholars, sages and religious leaders from time to time. Saivism gives the highest definition of “Exalted Shaivaism”.“Saivism is the religion in which Shiva is worshiped as the supreme deity.” Saivism is associated with Shiva and is eternal with the divine power and resources associated with nature beyond. The greatness of time has been praised by scholars, sages and religious leaders from time to time. Saivism gives the highest definition of “Exalted Shaivaism”. “We have got this body In order to worship God and gain pleasure” NallainagarArumukhanavalar, who was the originator of Saivism in Eelam, made the development of Saivism. Olavaiyar says that “rare human being” is the best born human being. Similarly Naukarasar also said that “Humanity is what we want in this state”. The ultimate goal of human life is coexistence with the Almighty. In the revolving wheel of life every human being has to achieve his own ideal. To live a good life, to live well, to live well in the soil, vegetarianism guides. Man should live with the best values to live as a human being. Saiva rituals are one of those characteristics. Rituals give fullness to a man’s life. Etiquette takes precedence in Saivism. It is the main duty of Saivas to maintain it properly. Research is the exercise of knowledge to discover truth. In this way, the kriyapadam of Shivagams are based on Shivadeetha. Among the Agamas, Moolagams like Kamikagam, Ajithagam, Vathulagam, MrigendraAgam, Karanagam and Pattadi texts like Agorasivacharya, SomasambuPattadi, etc., Elaborate on Sivadeetsha.Ditsha is the main rite and path to salvation followed by all religions. These Saiva philosophies are no exception to this, Deetsa is considered as a method of imparting penance and wisdom to the Sadhaka or disciple by the Deetsa Guru. It is understood as removing ignorance and giving truth. One cannot become a Saiva if he is born in Saivism. Saiva etiquettes in their life A true Saiva is a person who observes Saiva morals. These symbols of Shiva are worn and praised by Saivites who worship Lord Shiva. Therefore, to wear these symbols and to praise them, all those who are born as Sivarai must first receive Deetsh according to the Shivagam system.

Eudaimonism: Juxtaposition to the Concept of the Last Judgment on Matthew 25:31-46

The concept of “last judgment” means punishment for the wicked and reward for the righteous with the ultimate goal of human life. Philosophers’ theories sometimes contradict the contents of the Bible. Does eudaimonism go against the Bible or support each other? This study endeavours to cultivate a deeper insight into Aristotle’s happiness theory-eudaimonia juxtaposed with the pericope in Matthew about the final judgment. With a literature review approach, this qualitative method interpreted the narrative through several stages. Eudaimonia walks in rhythm with the concept of the final judgment in Matthew 25:31–46. Eudaimonia is about doing virtue as a self-maximizing potential to achieve the ultimate goal of human life, which is judged by reason as a demand of someone’s current situation with the assumption that leads to the truth. Matthew 25:31-46 reveals that the determination of “last judgment” is judged through practical religion by sharing Jesus’ friendship “today” through virtue with those who hunger and thirst for truth. Those who do it will receive the kingdom of God, and those who do not will be thrown into eternal fire.

SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECTING INDIVIDUALS' LIFE SATISFACTION: DYNAMIC PANEL DATA ANALYSIS FOR SELECTED OECD COUNTRIES

Life satisfaction, which expresses the state of meeting the expectations of individuals as a result of reaching the goals they want in their lives, is the most important factor in ensuring the happiness of individuals, which is their ultimate goal in life. For this reason it is important to determine the socioeconomic factors that affect the life satisfaction of individuals. In the study, the effect of socioeconomic factors on life satisfaction of individuals in 25 member countries that are members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development was investigated with the System Generalized Method of Moments for the period 2013-2018. These countries and the period were determined according to the data set of the variables used in the analysis. The socioeconomic factors affecting life satisfaction of individuals in 25 countries that are members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development were determined within the scope of economic conditions, education and security. System Generalized Method of Moments result shows that mainly economic factors have an effect on life satisfaction. Accordingly, while unemployment and gini coefficient negatively affect individuals' life satisfaction; per capita gross domestic product and higher education graduates affect positively. Social expenditures and violent crimes have no effect on life satisfaction.

Credit access and happiness: Evidence from Indonesia

The objective of this study is to investigate household credit access and its impact on happiness. We use data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) and employ Ordinary Least Square (OLS) as well as an Ordered Probit approach to test our empirical framework. Our results reveal that per capita expenditure has positively affects the probability of being granted credit, and people in urban communities benefit more from accessing credit than those in rural areas also document that those who successfully obtain credit tend to increase their probability of being happy. We then recommend an improvement in access to credit, particularly for poor people and those who live in rural communities, as an important policy implication. In addition, a better financial capability and financial literacy should be improved continuously to ensure the positive impact of credit on happiness as the ultimate goal in life.

A hypothetic model for examining the relationship between happiness, forgiveness, emotional reactivity and emotional security

The ultimate goal of life is happiness, according to Plato. Perhaps the most critical questions in the life of human beings have been on happiness and processes that affect happiness. The present study was planned during the COVID-19 pandemic; perhaps human beings are most needed for happiness. The original hypothetical model and the findings constitute the powerful and different aspects of the present study. This study determined a hypothetical model to examine the relationships among happiness, forgiveness, emotional reactivity, and emotional security. The participant group of the study consists of a total of 916 individuals from Turkey, 617 women, and 299 men. The age scale of the participants is between 18-25. Participants completed the Heartland Forgiveness Scale, the Emotional Security Scale, the Emotional Reactivity Scale, and the Oxford Happiness Scale. Mediation analysis was conducted using Hayes’ (2017) process macro. According to the proposed model in the study, emotional reactivity mediates the relationship between forgiveness and happiness. As the individual’s forgiveness increases, their emotional reactivity decreases, and as the emotional reactivity decreases, the individual’s level of happiness increases.

Positive Impact of Aachar-Rasayana on Health

The first and foremost aim of Ayurveda - “Swasthasya Swasthya Rakshanam Aaturasya Vikara Prashamanam Cha” is to maintain a healthy state of life and to remain free from the burden of diseases and sufferings so as to accomplish the ultimate goal of human life. To achieve this objective, Ayurveda has advocated certain percepts and rules which can ensure the normal functioning of human body without any hindrance. Ayurveda has suggested schedules of Swasthvritta including Dincharya, Ratricharya, Ritucharya, Rasayana, and Sadvritta as some of the practices and methods that leads to a happy, healthy and long life. In Ayurveda general principles to prevent psychic disturbances, practices preventing psychosomatic disturbances, practices regarding codes of general ethics in diet, behaviour, study, self-control etc. are explained as parts of Sadvritta. True efforts made for the observation of these schedules and conduct give rise to the effects of rejuvenation therapy called Aachar Rasayana that promotes longevity without any attack of diseases. Rasayana is one of the comprehensive disciplines of Ayurveda, which comprises a specialized use of herbs, herbo-mineral formulations, food articles and lifestyle along with self-discipline with social etiquette to achieve the optimum state of tissues that there is least effect of etiological factors on body. A careful analysis of qualities of Aachar Rasayana reveals that most of them are related to Mana, Dhi, Dhriti, along with good conduct. It inculcates the discipline related to mind, character, social, religious and personal life, so as to accord with the happiness and good of the individual and the society as a whole.

템플스테이 체험객의 감정, 몰입, 행복 간 구조적 관계 분석

Happiness can be said to be the ultimate goal of life that everyone can feel. It is said that 95% of people who participate in temple stay feel happy after getting away from their tiring daily life. That’s why this study aims to analyze the structural relationship among the factors of emotion, flow and happiness for temple stay participants. For this study, a total of 280 questionnaires were handed out during October 3 to 27, 2019 to temple stay participants and 252 questionnaires were used for the final analysis. Frequency and reliability analysis were performed with SPSS 18.0, and confirmatory factor analysis and structural model analysis were performed with AMOS 25.0. Findings were as follows. It was found that positive emotions positively influenced cognitive and behavioral flow towards temple stay participants. Otherwise, negative emotions didn’t influence cognitive and behavioral flow towards temple stay participants. Additionally, cognitive and behavioral flow positively influenced happiness towards temple stay participants. The results show that temple stay is a recommended activity for those who try various changes to pursue happiness. The key implications are as follows. First, it is proven that temple stay is different from other active tourism experiences in that it evokes positive emotions of participants through emotional stability. Second, by empirically analyzing the structural relationship of 3 factors, this study resolved the structural questions among emotion, flow and happiness of temple stay participants who pursuit happiness. Third, findings contribute to adding research cases of an emotional or psychological perspective in the tourism field.

Ethics Of Islamic Consumption Behavior on Discount Promotion and Flash Sale (Overview of Theoretical Economics of Umar bin AL-Khattab)

Consumption is something that inseparable from human life. It becomes an activity that needs special attention. There are many E-commerce sites use flash sale and discount models to attract consumers. However, here they must be able to determine consumption patterns cleverly. Allah has forbidden stingy nature but also forbids excess in consuming. Therefore, this paper will discuss a perspective of consumption ethics in Islam regarding flash sales and discounts in an all-digital era as it is today. This research will use the literature study method from various previous studies, books, and several related sources in obtaining data as research material. This paper will discuss the limitations in Islam in consuming certain goods during flash sales and discounts through Umar bin Khattab's economic fiqh study so that consumers do not only obey temporary desires, however, there is an ultimate goal in human life so that worldly desires can be managed by the teachings of the Quran and Hadith.Keywords: Flash Sale, Discounts , Islamic Consumption Ethics, Maslahah

PANDANGAN DAN SIKAP MASYARAKAT MENGHADAPI KEMATIAN

Death is a mystery that is given different attention in every society based on religion and beliefs held in its culture. The diversity of treatment in the event of death is believed to be a reflection of the views of individuals and society in understanding death. This study aims to answer the question: How do people view death and the nature in which humans live after death? and What is the attitude of the community in dealing with the death of their family? The research was conducted in Makassar City with a qualitative research type with an emic approach. Sources of data obtained by in-depth interview techniques, and observation. Study of literature/documents as secondary data by tracing the relevant literature. Meanwhile, data processing and analysis techniques were carried out along with data collection, through data reduction based on the topic of discussion, presenting data in a narrative manner and drawing conclusions. Based on this research, it is known that death is seen as an event of separation between spirit and body and death will surely come, there are those who understand that death is the end of everything but there are those who understand that death is not the end of everything who will be resurrected in the afterlife to take responsibility. deeds in the world. The afterlife is the one to go to after death by going through several processes, and is considered an eternal place. There are different views of the community on the process of accountability in the hereafter to go to the provided nature. People's attitudes in facing death are influenced by the ultimate goal of life to be achieved, and their attitude towards the dead is related to the condition of their relationship with the dead during their lifetime.Death is a mystery that is given different attention in every society based on religion and beliefs held in its culture. The diversity of treatment in the event of death is believed to be areflection of the views of individuals and society in understanding death. This study aims toanswer the question: How do people view death and the nature in which humans live afterdeath? and What is the attitude of the community in dealing with the death of their family?The research was conducted in Makassar City with a qualitative research type with an emicapproach. Sources of data obtained by in-depth interview techniques, and observation. Studyof literature/documents as secondary data by tracing the relevant literature. Meanwhile,data processing and analysis techniques were carried out along with data collection, throughdata reduction based on the topic of discussion, presenting data in a narrative manner anddrawing conclusions. Based on this research, it is known that death is seen as an event ofseparation between spirit and body and death will surely come, there are those whounderstand that death is the end of everything but there are those who understand thatdeath is not the end of everything who will be resurrected in the afterlife to takeresponsibility. deeds in the world. The afterlife is the one to go to after death by goingthrough several processes, and is considered an eternal place. There are different views of thecommunity on the process of accountability in the hereafter to go to the provided nature.People's attitudes in facing death are influenced by the ultimate goal of life to be achieved,and their attitude towards the dead is related to the condition of their relationship with thedead during their lifetime

Hinduism: A Perspective on the World and Life Education

Once religion was ruling the world as science is doing today. The rule is possible through power and knowledge. This indicates that religious philosophy can also regarded as an important source of power and knowledge. Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity and so on as forms of religious faith have different philosophy become basis of knowledge. This paper, based on review of articles relevant on the theme, Hinduism, argues that Hinduism is an important perspective on knowledge which explains what world is and how it is operating. The ultimate goal of life is to get liberation which is possible through Hinduism. Hinduism has four basic paths that lead to union with God. These paths are for persons of different temperaments and natures. Some may prefer contemplation, some may be rational, some may be emotional and some may believe in action. Each path is called Yoga (Yoking of mind to God. These yoga are: (i) Raj-yoga, (ii) Jnana-yoga, (iii) Bhakti-yoga, (iv) Karma-yoga, through which human beings liberates himself/herself. Thus Hinduism is a perspective of knowledge which guides human beings understanding the nature of the world and the way through which liberation is possible.

Analisis Teologi Pendidikan Dalam Penguatan Pendidikan Islam

Education is often interpreted as a conscious effort made by educators towards students in an effort to provide knowledge, education and teaching to achieve happiness and the ultimate goal of life. The purpose of the true happiness of life is that which includes the fulfillment of physical and spiritual aspects. Islam as a doctrinal force has the essence of both. Education in Islam is education that is based on the teachings of Islam, Islam as a religious teaching taught and brought by Muhammad SAW, contains a set of teachings about human life, teachings that are formulated based on sources in the Qur'an and hadith and based on the explanation of the ratio of reason. So that the realization and reinforcement obtained in Islamic education must include physical and spiritual aspects