Ulmoides Extract Research Articles

Feeding Eucommia ulmoides extract enhances protection against high-temperature stress in chicks

Chick's susceptibility to heat stress often leads to growth retardation, immune function impairment, disease, and mortality. This thesis explores the potential ameliorative effect of 0.8% Eucommia ulmoides extract (EUE) into the diet of heat-stressed chicks in a 15-d feeding trial. The investigation reveals that feeding EUE significantly enhances the BW, ADG, AFI, and F/G of chicks experiencing heat stress. Additionally, the EUE groups exhibited higher levels of T-AOC (at 7 and 15d), SOD (at 15 d), GSH-Px (at 15 d), as well as lower MDA concentrations (at 7 and 15d) in chick serum. Pathological changes and H&E staining revealed that EUE effectively improved tissue damage in the duodenum, heart, and stomach induced by heat stress in the chicks. The EUE groups also showed higher levels of IgA (at 7 d), IgG and IgM (at 7 and 15 d). RNA-seq and WGCNA analysis revealed that EUE mitigates cellular damage and losses in heat-stressed chicks primarily through pathways involving signal transduction, protein synthesis and degradation, as well as cell cycle regulation, particularly the latter. This investigation serves as a fundamental and cognitive framework for the development and application of Eucommia ulmoides feed additives aimed at safeguarding the well-being of chicks in adverse environmental conditions.

Dietary supplementation Eucommia ulmoides extract at relative low level affect the nutrition, flavor, and crispness of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) by gut bacterial mediation

To further illustrate mechanisms of faba bean mediating grass crap crispness based on reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress, and to explore the potential of Eucommia ulmoides serving as feeding additive in aquaculture, a series of experiments were performed under faba bean and E. ulmoides extract treatments. Muscle depolymerization and breakdown as well as fiber diameter decline were determined under faba bean and E. ulmoides extract treatments, together with antioxidant enzyme activities reduction, suggesting the inhibition effect of the two substances are responsible for grass crap crispness. Significant variations in amino acids and fatty acids were detected under faba bean treatments. Besides, gut microbiota was also governed by faba bean and participated in amino acids and fatty acids metabolism. These alterations could induce lipid peroxidation and collagen regeneration, which in turn affect grass crap crispness. Our results are beneficial to deeply clarify the mechanism of faba bean mediating grass crap crispness.

Cinnamic aldehyde, an anti-inflammatory component in Du-Huo-Ji-Sheng-Tang, ameliorates arthritis in II collagenase and monosodium iodoacetate induced osteoarthritis rat models.

Du-Huo-Ji-Sheng-Tang (DHJST) is a Chinese herbal formula used for arthralgia and arthritis treatment clinically. This study aims to evaluate the joint-protecting efficacy of DHJST and to identify the active constituents as the evaluation marker. DHJST can be categorized into three recipes: Blood-tonifying-herbs Si-Wu-Tang (SWT), Wind-dampness-dispelling-herbs (WDH) and Qi-tonifying-herbs (TH). All formulas were used to explore the joint-protecting efficacies. s: Firstly, DHJST could decrease the arthritis progression in the monosodium-iodoacetate-induced rat and cure arthritis in the type II collagenase-induced rat. Further, in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7cells, DHJST, TH and Cinnamomum cassia (CC), an ingredient in TH, were the most potent nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inhibitors. The major components, cinnamic aldehyde, showed the strongest NO and PGE2 inhibition. Up-regulated inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 were inhibited by DHJST, TH, CC, and cinnamic aldehyde. In interleukin-1β-stimulated primary chondrocytes, upregulated iNOS was inhibited by DHJST, TH, Cinnamomum cassia, and cinnamic aldehyde. Upregulated matrix metalloprotease-13 was only inhibited by DHJST and TH and Eucommia ulmoides (EU) extract. Results suggest that DHJST presented joint-protective and cure arthritis effects. TH presented equal joint-protective effects as DHJST. The major anti-inflammatory ingredient in TH was Cinnamomum cassia in TH. And cinnamic aldehyde was the potent anti-inflammatory active compound in Cinnamomum cassia. Therefore, this study may facilitate the modern use of DHJST with TH as a simplified version but equally effective anti-osteoarthritic agents with cinnamic aldehyde as a quality control marker of DHJST and TH in osteoarthritis prevention or treatment.

Eucommia ulmoides extract alleviated spinal cord injury in rats by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is the major cause of severe disability worldwide, which leads to neuron death, neuronal degeneration, and functional changes in the spinal cord. Eucommia ulmoides extract (EUE) is composed of multiple iridoids and phenols and possesses anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in various pathologies. This study aims to evaluate the effects of EUE on SCI and the underlying mechanisms. Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats (250–280 g) were applied to mimic SCI in vivo. Western blot and ELISA kits assessed the expressions of apoptosis, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress)-relevant proteins. The apoptosis rate of neurons in spinal cord specimens was measured by TUNEL assay. Finally, our data indicated that EUE inhibited SCI-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress, and ER stress through the suppression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Our data manifest EUE as a potential therapeutic target in SCI.

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Eucommia ulmoides extract and their potential biological function in cosmetics

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from plant extracts have recently emerged as a rapidly growing field with numerous applications in pharmaceutical and clinical contexts. The purpose of this research is to come up with a novel method for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles that use Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract as a reducing agent. The synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed using UV-vis spectroscopy, and the properties of AgNPs were characterized using Transmission Electron Microscope, Fourier Infrared Spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric Analysis, and Zeta potential. The results showed that the AgNPs exhibited a characteristic absorption peak at 430 nm, their diameter ranged from 4 nm to 52 nm, and C, O, and Cl elements, which might represent flavonoids and phenolic components absorbed on the surface of AgNPs. The zeta potential of AgNPs was found to be −30.5 mV, which indicates repulsion among AgNPs and they have good dispersion stability. AgNPs have been found to suppress the tyrosinase activity both in mushroom tyrosinase and A375 cells, as well as diminish ROS formation in HaCat cells. According to this study, AgNPs is a novel material that can enhance skin health by preventing melanin development.

The antihypertensive effects of Eucommia ulmoides leaf water/ethanol extracts are chlorogenic acid dependent

The antihypertensive effects of Eucommia ulmoides were determined between normal rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats daily gavaged with leaf extracts, bark extract, chlorogenic acid (CGA), and captopril. Significant composition difference between leaf and bark extracts were noted since CGA was only detected in leaf extract. The overall antihypertensive effects ranked as captopril > CGA > leaf extracts > bark extract, indicating the antihypertensive effect of E. ulmoides extract was CGA-dependent. The hypertension related targets of CGA were screened out and ten KEGG pathways of these targets were significantly enriched, indicating CGA took function in antihypertension via multiple biological processes. Molecular docking revealed CGA bound more tightly to hypertension related targets than captopril, indicating CGA positively participated in antihypertension. However, drug-likeness evaluation displayed the bioavailability of CGA was 5 times lower than captopril, which was consistent with dosage difference in animal experimental. Hence, the antihypertensive effect of CGA was bioavailability limited.

Dietary supplementation Eucommia ulmoides extract at high content served as a feed additive in the hens industry

Since numerous natural components in Eucommia ulmoides belong to phytoestrogen, its effect on hens production deserve more attention. To investigate the potential of E. ulmoides extract used as a feed additive, laying performance, egg quality, yolk cholesterol, yolk fatty acids, yolk fatty, yolk volatile components, albumen amino acids, plasma biochemical parameters, intestinal histology, and gut microbiota of hens (n = 120) were determined between basal diet (A) and dietary supplementation low (B), middle (C), and high (D) level E. ulmoides extract for 11 wk. When compared to A group, 2 percentage points elevation in laying rate was observed of D group. Significant up-regulation of immunoglobulin indexes and down-regulation of lipid related indexes in D group were also found if comparison with A group, suggesting that supplementation E. ulmoides extract at a relative high content benefited in immunity enhancing and blood-fat depressing. Meanwhile, obvious variation in albumen amino acids and yolk volatile compounds were inspected as dietary supplementation E. ulmoides extract, especially in D group, implied that the flavor of egg would change under high-level E. ulmoides extract treatment. Besides, villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum in D group were also significantly higher than that of in A group, indicating high-level E. ulmoides extract contributed to nutrient adsorption via intestinal histology changing. Moreover, the richness, diversity, and composition of gut microbiota in D group also significantly altered with a comparison of A group. These variation caused gut microbiota in D group major enriched in the KEGG pathway of insulin signing pathway, systemic lupus erythematosus, and bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, which were conducive to egg production elevation via facilitating nutrient adsorption, inflammation relieving, blood lipid amelioration, and insulin resistance alleviation. These results indicated that dietary supplementation E. ulmoides extract at high content could serve as a feed additive in the hens industry.

Dietary Eucommia ulmoides Extract Alleviates the Effect of Cold Stress on Chick Growth Performance, Antioxidant and Immune Ability.

Simple SummaryThe cold stress that chicks suffer from has caused huge losses to the chicken industry. It is very important to find an effective way to alleviate cold stress in chicks. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that dietary Eucommia ulmoides extract alleviates the effect of cold stress on chick growth performance, antioxidants, and immune ability. Interestingly, Eucommia ulmoides extract supplementation improved the growth performance, antioxidant status, and immune response and reduced the organ damage of chicks caused by cold stress, which shows that Eucommia ulmoides extract has potent protective effects against cold stress. These findings will be very beneficial to break down the bottleneck issue of chick production caused by cold stress.This study aimed to investigate the protective value of Eucommia ulmoides extract (EUE) on chicks under cold stress. A total of 21 compounds were identified in EUE using mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Ninety chicks were divided into a control group (CS) fed a basal diet and an experimental group supplemented with EUE, exposed to 10 ± 1 °C for 8 h per day. Results showed, compared with the CS group, the body weights (BW) (p < 0.01) and average daily gains ADG (p < 0.05) of the EUE group were increased throughout the study period. Chicks fed EUE had higher AFI (0–7 d, p < 0.001) and lower feed-to-gain ratios (F/G) (0–15 d, p < 0.001). EUE increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (15 d, p < 0.05) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (7 d, p < 0.05), whereas it decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) (15 d, p < 0.01). The contents of IgA (7 d, p < 0.05), IgG (7 d; 15 d, p < 0.01), and IgM (15 d, p < 0. 001) were higher in the EUE group. Dietary EUE could also reduce chick organ damage. Overall, EUE as a natural feed additive can improve the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and immune level, and reduce the organ damage of cold-stressed chicks.

Effects of Eucommia ulmoides extract against renal injury caused by long-term high purine diets in rats.

Diets of overloaded purine-rich foods for a long time are one of the important reasons to cause renal lesions. Eucommia ulmoides is one of the traditional Chinese medicine herbs, which has been used to recover functions of the kidney. However, its mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the effects and protective mechanism of Eucommia ulmoides extract on renal injury caused by long-term high purine diets in rats. SD rats underwent an intragastric adenine (200 mg kg-1 d-1) administration for 9 weeks and were treated for 15 weeks. The results demonstrated that Eucommia ulmoides extract significantly reduced serum Cre and BUN levels in rats. H&E and Masson's trichrome stains showed notable lowering of the infiltration of inflammatory cells, the formation of fibrous tissues and collagen fibers, and improvement in the pathological morphology of kidneys. It also suppressed the protein and mRNA expressions of TGF-β1 and α-SMA and enhanced E-cadherin expression. Meanwhile, Eucommia ulmoides extract prominently inhibited the mRNA expression of Col I, Col III, Col IV, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 and promoted expressions of MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9. Through our study, it is the first time to prove that Eucommia ulmoides extract could ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis and may involve in the regulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation enzyme (MMPs/TIMPs) system, promotion of the expression of E-cadherin, and suppression of expressions of TGF-β1 and α-SMA. The results provide a significant implication for the utilization of Eunomia Ulmoides extract as functional foods to enhance renal functions and improve renal injury caused by high purine diets.

Safety evaluation of Eucommia ulmoides extract

Eucommia ulmoides Oliver is native to China and frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine formulations. However, studies show that Eucommia ulmoides extract (EUE) are potentially genotoxic and nephrotoxic. To evaluate its safety, the Ames test, bone marrow micronucleus assay and chromosomal aberration assay, along with acute (24 h) and sub-chronic (13 weeks) toxicity were conducted. EUE was non-genotoxic within the dose ranges of 0.0352–22 mg/plate (raw plant equivalent as below), 22–88 g/kg body weight and 2–20 mg/mL. The maximum tolerated dose of EUE was not less than 168 g/kg, which is 1260 times that of clinical doses in human adults. Long-term (13 weeks) administration led to dose-dependent increase in nephrotoxicity-related indices, and pathological changes in renal tissues. These changes were alleviated 5 weeks after ceasing the low dosage of 11.2 g/kg but persisted at the high dosage of 56 g/kg. Conclusively, EUE is non-genotoxic, and do not result in acute toxicity. However, long-term and high-dose administration can lead to partly reversible nephrotoxicity.

Preparative separation of chlorogenic acid from Eucommia ulmoides extract via fractional extraction

AbstractBACKGROUNDChlorogenic acid is an important bioactive substance with wide pharmacological effects mostly related to scavenging free radicals and as an anti‐virus. This article reports on the continuous separation of chlorogenic acid from Eucommia ulmoides crude extract using multistage centrifugal fractional extraction.RESULTSAn efficient extraction system was constructed. A quantitative mathematical model was established to simulate and optimize the fractional extraction process, and the optimum process conditions were obtained. Residual rate was successfully introduced as the purity reference to optimize the separation of chlorogenic acid. Chlorogenic acid was continuously obtained from Eucommia ulmoides extract by fractional extraction in a cascade of ten stages with high purity of 97.2% and yield of 81.4%.CONCLUSIONFractional extraction is an efficient and likely unique technology to continuously and selectively separate target substance from complex natural extract. It has the advantages of large output and low cost, and is more suitable for industrial‐scale production. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

Comparative absorption kinetics of seven active ingredients of Eucommia ulmoides extracts by intestinal in situ circulatory perfusion in normal and spontaneous hypertensive rats

Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (E. ulmoides) is a valuable and nourishing medicinal herb in China that has been used in the treatment of hypertension. Given the fact that most traditional Chinese medicine is mainly used to treat disease, investigating the pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicines in the pathological state is more useful than that in the normal state. However, the differences in the absorption kinetics of active ingredients of E. ulmoides extract between pathological and physiological conditions have not been reported. Therefore, in this study, the rat intestinal in situ circulatory perfusion model was used to investigate the differences in absorption kinetics of seven active ingredients of E. ulmoides extract in normal and spontaneously hypertensive rats, namely, genipinic acid, protocatechuic acid, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, (+)-pinoresinol di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and (+)-pinoresinol 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. Our results indicate that the pathological state of spontaneous hypertension may change the absorption of active components of E. ulmoides extracts, and these findings may provide a reference for improving the rational use of E. ulmoides in the clinic.

R. verniciflua and E. ulmoides Extract (ILF-RE) Protects against Chronic CCl₄-Induced Liver Damage by Enhancing Antioxidation.

This study aimed to characterize the protective effects of R. verniciflua extract (ILF-R) and E. ulmoides extract (ILF-E), the combination called ILF-RE, against chronic CCl4-induced liver oxidative injury in rats, as well as to investigate the mechanism underlying hepatoprotection by ILF-RE against CCl4-induced hepatic dysfunction. Chronic hepatic stress was induced via intraperitoneal (IP) administration of a mixture of CCl4 (0.2 mL/100 g body weight) and olive oil [1:1(v/v)] twice a week for 4 weeks to rats. ILF-RE was administered orally at 40, 80, and 120 mg/kg to rats for 4 weeks. Alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and lipid peroxidation assays were performed, and total triglyceride, cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol levels were quantified. Furthermore, ER stress and lipogenesis-related gene expression including sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP-1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and P-AMPK were assessed. ILF-RE markedly protected against liver damage by inhibiting oxidative stress and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity including glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase. Furthermore, hepatic dyslipidemia was regulated after ILF-RE administration. Moreover, hepatic lipid accumulation and its associated lipogenic genes, including those encoding SREBP-1 and FAS, were regulated after ILF-RE administration. This was accompanied by regulation of ER stress response signaling, suggesting a mechanism underlying ILF-RE-mediated hepatoprotection against lipid accumulation. The present results indicate that ILF-RE exerts hepatoprotective effects against chronic CCl4-induced dysfunction by suppressing hepatic oxidative stress and lipogenesis, suggesting that ILF-RE is a potential preventive/therapeutic natural product in treating hepatoxicity and associated dysfunction.

The effects of herbal extracts on CCl4-induced ROS accumulation and cell death in hepatocytes

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of herbal medicinal extracts against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced functional alteration and cell death in hepatocytes. HepG2 cells were treated with a frequently utilized herbal medicinal extract, and cell viability and antioxidative activity were subsequently measured with MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT) assays and MDA (3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assays. Among the extracts from Alnus japonica (ILF-AJ), Angelica keiskei (ILF-AK), Allium tuberosum (ILF-AT), Eucommia ulmoides extract (ILF-E), and Puerariae radix (ILF-P), Rhus verniciflua extract (ILF-R), ILF-E and ILF-R more significantly increased hepatocyte viability in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Hepatic enzyme activities (AST and ALT), lipid peroxidation, and SOD levels were also significantly regulated in the presence of ILF-E and ILF-R. Next, to assess a synergistic effect between ILF-E and ILF-R, the combined ratio of these two extracts was analyzed. When ILF-E and ILF-R were combined in a 1:1 ratio at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, they more significantly regulated cell death, AST and ALT activity, MDA level, SOD level, and the oxidant capturing characteristic marker DPPH. Through this study, the combined 1:1 formulation of ILF-E and ILF-R is suggested to be a potentially therapeutic and preventive medicinal herb for the preservation of hepatic function and treatment of toxicity.

Effect of &lt;i&gt;Eucommia ulmoides&lt;/i&gt; extract on osteoblast proliferation

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of Eucommia ulmoides extract (EUE) on osteoblast proliferation as well as investigate its probable mechanisms of action. Methods: EUE was pharmacologically evaluated at three doses. Osteoblast cells were divided as follows: Group I: negative control; groups II–IV: received EUE (180, 360 and 540 μg/ml, respectively). We performed 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to determine osteoblast viability following treatment. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, and collagen I levels in osteoblasts were quantified using commercially available kits. Thereafter, mRNA and protein expression of ALP, collagen I, osteocalcin, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were measured using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blot, respectively. Results : EUE significantly (p < 0.01) promoted osteoblast proliferation at three treatment doses (180, 360, and 540 μg/mL). Furthermore, ALP, osteocalcin, collagen I and TGF-β1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels increased significantly (all p < 0.05) following EUE treatment. Conclusion : The results suggest that EUE may promote osteoblast cell proliferation and that ALP, osteocalcin, collagen I and TGF-β1 gene expression may be involved in the mechanism of action. Keywords: qPCR, collagen I, Bone, Liver, Eucommia ulmoides extract

UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS determination and pharmacokinetics of pinoresinol glucoside and chlorogenic acid in rat plasma after oral administration of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv extract.

This study aimed to develop a specific UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetics of pinoresinol glucoside and chlorogenic acid in rat plasma after oral administration of Eucommia ulmoides. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Hypersil GOLD column with gradient elution by using a mixture of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 200 μL/min. A tandem mass spectrometric detection was conducted using multiple-reaction monitoring via an electrospray ionization source in negative ionization mode. Samples were pre-treated by a single-step protein precipitation with acetonitrile, and bergenin was used as internal standard. After oral administration of 3 mL/kg E. ulmoides extract in rats, the maximum plasma concentrations of pinoresinol glucoside and chlorogenic acid were 57.44 and 61.04 ng/mL, respectively. The times to reach the maximum plasma concentration were 40.00 and 23.33 min for pinoresinol glucoside and chlorogenic acid, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision (RSD) values for the two analytes were <2.46 and 5.15%, respectively, and the accuracy (RE) values ranged from -12.76 to 0.00. This is the first study on pharmacokinetics of bioactive compounds in rat plasma after oral administration of E. ulmoides extract.

Characterization of Nano Bamboo Charcoal Drug Delivery System for Eucommia ulmoides Extract and Its Anticancer Effect In vitro.

Background:Nano bamboo charcoal is being widely used as sustained release carrier for chemicals for its high specific surface area, sound biocompatibility, and nontoxicity; however, there have been no reports on nano bamboo charcoal as sustained release carrier for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).Objective:To study the effect of nano bamboo charcoal in absorbing and sustained releasing Eucommia ulmoides extract (EUE) and to verify the in vitro anticancer effect of the sustained release liquid, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of nano bamboo charcoal as TCM sustained-release preparation.Materials and Methods:The adsorption capacity for the nano bamboo charcoal on EUE was measured by Langmuir model, and the release experiment was carried out under intestinal fluid condition. Characteristic changes for the nano bamboo charcoal nano-drug delivery system with and without adsorption of E. ulmoides were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and specific surface area. In addition, the anticancer effect from this novel bamboo charcoal E. ulmoides delivery system was evaluated against a human colon cancer cell line (HCT116).Results:It was found that nano bamboo charcoal exhibits good adsorption capacity (up to 462.96 mg/g at 37°C). The cumulative release rate for EUE from this nano bamboo charcoal delivery system was 70.67%, and specific surface area for the nano bamboo charcoal decreased from 820.32 m2/g to 443.80 m2/g after EUE was loaded. An in vitro anticancer study showed that the inhibition rate for E. ulmoides against HCT116 cancer cells was 23.07%, for this novel bamboo charcoal nano-drug delivery system.Conclusion:This study provides a novel strategy for the delivery of traditional Chinese medicine using bamboo charcoal nano-drug delivery system.SUMMARY The adsorption equilibrium was reached after 30 min of ultrasonic treatmentThe saturated adsorption capacity of Eucommia ulmoides extract by nano bamboo charcoal under ultrosonic condition was 462. 96 mg/gThe cumulative release rate of E. ulmoides extract from the nano bamboo charcoal delivery system in artificial intestinal juice was 70.67%The inhibition ratio of HCT116 cancer cells by sustained release liquid was 23.07%. Abbreviation used: EUE: Eucommia ulmoides extract.

두충 열수추출물 급여에 의한 갱년기 유도 모델 흰쥐의 지질, 당질 및 항산화 대사 개선에 미치는 영향

In postmenopausal women, estrogen deficiency can be associated with metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors related to lipid, glucose and antioxidnat metabolism. Sprague-Dawley female rats were subjected to either bilateral ovariectomy or sham operation and randomly divided into 3 dietary groups, (n=8) sham-operated fed with normal diet (SHAM), ovariectomized fed with normal diet (OVX), and ovariectomized fed with normal diet supplemented with Eucommia ulmoides extract (OVX-EU). The OVXEU group showed significantly lower body weight, triacylglycerol, and total cholesterol than that showed by the OVX group. In addition, the OVX-EU group showed improved lipogenesis, glucose-regulating enzyme activities, adipokine and antioxidant enzyme activities. These findings demonstrate that extracts from E. ulmoides extract can be used as a functional food.

P.1.c.008 - Effect of early life supplementation of non-digestible oligosaccharides on brain development and behaviour in healthy mice

Since numerous natural components in Eucommia ulmoides belong to phytoestrogen, its effect on hens production deserve more attention. To investigate the potential of E. ulmoides extract used as a feed additive, laying performance, egg quality, yolk cholesterol, yolk fatty acids, yolk fatty, yolk volatile components, albumen amino acids, plasma biochemical parameters, intestinal histology, and gut microbiota of hens (n = 120) were determined between basal diet (A) and dietary supplementation low (B), middle (C), and high (D) level E. ulmoides extract for 11 wk. When compared to A group, 2 percentage points elevation in laying rate was observed of D group. Significant up-regulation of immunoglobulin indexes and down-regulation of lipid related indexes in D group were also found if comparison with A group, suggesting that supplementation E. ulmoides extract at a relative high content benefited in immunity enhancing and blood-fat depressing. Meanwhile, obvious variation in albumen amino acids and yolk volatile compounds were inspected as dietary supplementation E. ulmoides extract, especially in D group, implied that the flavor of egg would change under high-level E. ulmoides extract treatment. Besides, villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum in D group were also significantly higher than that of in A group, indicating high-level E. ulmoides extract contributed to nutrient adsorption via intestinal histology changing. Moreover, the richness, diversity, and composition of gut microbiota in D group also significantly altered with a comparison of A group. These variation caused gut microbiota in D group major enriched in the KEGG pathway of insulin signing pathway, systemic lupus erythematosus, and bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, which were conducive to egg production elevation via facilitating nutrient adsorption, inflammation relieving, blood lipid amelioration, and insulin resistance alleviation. These results indicated that dietary supplementation E. ulmoides extract at high content could serve as a feed additive in the hens industry.

Regulation of osteoclastic and osteoblastic differentiation marker expressions in osteoblast-like saos-2 cells by Eucommia ulmoides

Bone metabolism characterized by bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. Imbalances of osteoclast and osteoblast occurred bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. Eucommia ulmoide, which is a medicinal herb, has been used to treat various diseases. Recent studies showed that E. ulmoides has been studied to treat osteoporosis.The osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells were treated with E. ulmoides extract (0.1, 1 and 10 μg/mL) for 24 h. Bone remodeling-related protein expressions and cell toxicity were examined to confirm the effects of E. ulmoides on regulation of osteoclastic and osteoblastic differentiation.The expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) was significantly decreased, while that of osteoprotegerin (OPG) was significantly increased by E. ulmoides treatment. In addition, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Osterix expressions were significantly increased by treatment with E. ulmoides. The cell viability was not changed in E. ulmoides–treated cells.These results demonstrate that E. ulmoides has promoting effects on bone formation as well as inhibitory effects on bone resorption with no toxicity in Saos-2 cells. Therefore, E. ulmoides may be used as an alternative treatment for osteoporosis.