Experimental Ulcers In Rats Research Articles

Antiulcer Effect of Genus Symphytum L. and Portulaca oleracea L. as Investigated on Experimental Animals

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) occurs when open sores, or ulcers, form in the stomach or first part of the small intestine caused by bacterial infection (H. pylori) and/or nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) use. This study was conducted to evaluate the antiulcer effect of some plants including genus Symphytum L., and Portulaca oleracea L. on aspirin‐induced acute gastric ulcer in rats. Sixteen male albino rats (200–210 g b.wt. each) were divided into 4 groups, 4 rats each, one of them left as the control −ve group while the other 3 groups orally administered with aspirin at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.wt., for gastric ulcer induction, one of them left as control +ve and the rest 2 groups were orally administered with genus Symphytum L. and Portulaca oleracea L. at a dose of 100 mg/kg b.wt., each. for seven consecutive days. Body weight gain (BWG), the length of gastric ulcer, the volume of gastric juice, the total acidity of gastric juice, and blood sample were assessed. The results showed that orally administered with genus Symphytum L. and Portulaca oleracea L. significantly reduced the length of gastric ulcer, gastric juice volume, and total acidity of gastric juice, in addition to decreasing total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), RBC, WBC, HGB, and PLT. No significant changes were observed in the pH of gastric juice among treated groups. Moreover, in comparison to Portulaca oleracea L., genus Symphytum L. showed preferable results. Accordingly, genus Symphytum L. and Portulaca oleracea L. could be used as plants as curative agents against gastric ulcer in experimental rats.

Evaluation of the protective effect of agar-hp hard capsule for peptic ulcer in experimental animals

Imbalance between exogenous damaging agents and protective factors in the gastro-duodenum tract can lead to peptic ulcer disease. Herbal medicines could be an effective treatment to human gastric ulcers. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of AGAR-HP hard capsules on cysteamine-induced gastric-duodenal ulcers in experimental rats. The animals were divided into five treatment groups: Group 1 (control) and group 2 (model) were treated with distilled water, group 3 received esomeprazole at 10 mg/kg, group 4 received AGAR-HP at 0.074 g/kg, and group 5 received AGAR-HP at 0.221 g/kg. All the rats were treated for seven consecutive days. On day 7, peptic-duodenal ulcer were induced by oral cysteamine 400 mg/kg. The number of rats with the ulcer, the number of ulcers per rat, and the ulcer index of each group were recorded. Compared to group 2, AGAR-HP at high dose reduced the mean number of ulcers and the ulcer index under macroscopic and microscopic examinations. These parameters also decreased in the group of AGAR-HP low doses compared to the cysteamine control group. AGAR-HP hard capsules showed some protective effect on cysteamine-induced gastric ulcers in experimental rats.

Evaluation of Ulcer Protective Activity of Morus alba L. Extract-Loaded Chitosan Microspheres in Ethanol-Induced Ulcer in Rat Model.

Due to an unhealthy lifestyle, gastric ulcers have become a very common disease these days. Moreover, the side effects linked with the prolonged use of conventional treatments have shifted the paradigm towards herbal therapies. The leaves of Morus alba L. (Family-Moraceae) have been traditionally used for a large number of metabolic diseases. In the present research, we focused on the development of chitosan microspheres using extracts of leaves of Morus alba L. and their evaluation for gastroprotective efficacy against ethanol-induced ulcers in experimental rats. The process of development of M. alba extract microsphere (MEM) is also optimized using the Box-Behnken design. The formulation was prepared at optimized conditions (chitosan concentration (1.66% w/w), volume of glutaraldehyde (4.69 mL), and stirrer rotation per minute, RPM, 854.8), and the percentage yield (Y1) of the resulted microspheres is ∼95% with an encapsulation efficiency (EE) of (Y2(rutin)) ∼86%, Y2(quercetin)) ∼85%, and particle size (Y3) of ∼40 µm. The MEM prepared at optimized conditions can also be characterized for various parameters to ensure the uniformity of parameters. Also, the drug release studies indicated that the percentage release of rutin and quercetin from MEM was enhanced as compared to M. alba extract (ME) alone. Furthermore, in vivo analysis of the antiulcer potential of pretreatment with ME and MEM (500 mg/kg p.o.) in rats indicated that mucosal lesions, gastric juice volume, and total acidity were significantly altered as compared to ethanol-treated animals. Histopathology of tissue sections also confirmed the protection of gastric mucosa on pretreatment with MEM at 500 mg/kg p.o. On the basis of these findings, we can conclude that prepared microspheres can be used to develop a sustained release formulation of extract for the management of gastric ulcers. However, additional research is needed to establish the specific mechanisms of M. alba's antiulcer efficacy.

Preliminary Study of Gastroprotective Effect of Aloe perryi and Date Palm Extracts on Pyloric Ligation-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Experimental Rats.

Objective The present study was aimed at investigating the possible antiulcer activities of some natural phytochemicals Aloe perryi leaf extract (APLE) and flower extract (APFE) in addition to the date palm seed extract (DPSE) and the oily samples of DPSE in a pylorus ligation-induced ulcer model using ranitidine as a standard antiulcer drug. Background Peptic ulcer is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder due to hypersecretion of gastric acid. It affects four million people worldwide, and 2-10% of these ulcers are perforated and cause bleeding. This increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. So we aimed to introduce a primary study alternatively safe method for treating peptic ulcer. Materials and Methods Forty-two Wistar Albino rats of either sex were randomly divided into seven groups (6/each). The pylorus ligation was done to induce ulcer in pretreated albino rats. The antiulcer activities of extracts were estimated at different dose levels (250 and 500 mg/kg) using ranitidine as a standard drug (50 mg/kg). Gastric volume, pH, and total and free acidity as well as ulcer index and percentage of ulcer inhibition were measured to elucidate the antiulcerogenic effects. Histological examination of gastric ulcer was also performed. Statistical analysis for the results was done where P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Pylorus ligation for 6 h in control rats resulted in gastric ulcer which was indicated by the accumulation of gastric secretion and increased total acidity and decreased pH. The pretreatment of rats with APLE, APFE, and DPSE in addition to the oily samples of DPSE significantly inhibited the ulcers induced by pylorus ligation. These effects were attributed to significant reductions in total and free acidity, ulcer index, and gastric volume while there is a marked decrease in gastric pH (the antisecretory) as well as mucosal strengthening properties of these phytochemicals. Conclusion These findings give these extracts the potential to be a promising tool for the management of gastric ulcer after performing further clinical and experimental studies. Our study demonstrated the promising antiulcer activity of extracts and oils in pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the antiulcer activity of these extracts; however, further investigations may be recommended for full details about this antiulcerogenic capacity.

Preventable Effects of Aloe Vera, Nigella sativa, Moringa oleifera oils and Mixture of them on Aspirin Induced Acute Gastric Ulcer in Experimental Rats.

Preventable Effects of Aloe Vera, Nigella sativa, Moringa oleifera oils and Mixture of them on Aspirin Induced Acute Gastric Ulcer in Experimental Rats.

Antioxidant defense of fish collagen peptides attenuates oxidative stress in gastric mucosa of experimentally ulcer-induced rats.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of fish collagen peptides (FCP) from the skin of great hammerhead shark (Sphyrna mokarran) to avert the occurrence of gastric ulcer in experimental rats. FCP treatment prevented the formation of ulcerative lesions on gastric tissues with 86% of inhibition. The histopathology analysis of gastric tissue revealed that the FCP intake prevented the occurrence of hemorrhage and erosion in gastric tissue with formation of mild edema and necrosis, as well as normalized the pH and volume of gastric juice. It also downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory marker interferon-ɤ (IFN-ɤ) and upregulated the anti-inflammatory marker interleukin-4 (IL-4) in gastric tissue. FCP is capable to modulate the oxidative stress by enhancing the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase and by lowering the levels of membrane lipid peroxidation.

Research of antiulcer activity of dietary concentrate of phenolic compounds of apples on models of experimental ulcer in rats.

Medicinal plants have been widely used in the treatment of many diseases, especially in the gastroenterology, given that the use of synthetic antiulcer drugs in clinical practice often leads to the development of various kinds of side effects and, accordingly, have a large list of contraindications. The aim of this experimental work was the study of the antiulcer activity of the food concentrate of phenolic compounds of apples on the models of experimental ulcers in rats. Materials and methods. The studies included two stages, which were carried out on models: stage I – a model of alcohol–prednisolone stomach ulcer in rats, stage II – a model of indomethacin stomach ulcer in rats in accordance with the methodological recommendations of the SEC of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. The studied concentrate was administered in a dose based on the total content of polyphenols – 9 mg per 100 g of weight. Quercetin at a dose of 5 mg / kg and ranitidine at a dose of 20 mg / kg were used as reference drugs. After replicating the models, a macroscopic examination of the gastric mucosa was carried out and the content of TBA-reactants and reduced glutathione in the stomach homogenate was determined. Results. Under pathological conditions, the therapeutic effect of the food concentrate of phenolic compounds of apples and reference drugs was comparable in terms of the degree of ulcer defect. It was proved that food concentrate of phenolic compounds of apples and reference drugs inhibit the course of lipid peroxidation reactions and support endogenous antioxidant defense systems. Conclusions. The obtained results make it possible to recommend a further study of the food concentrate of phenolic compounds of apples for the creation of a pharmaceutical preparation on its basis. A promising area of application of this concentrate will be the prevention and treatment of gastric ulcer

Ameliorating and protective effects mesalazine on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in experimental rats

Gastric ulcer is a frequent gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorder that affects about 10% of the world population. Drug candidates that can provide high efficacy and low toxicity are needed value for the prevention and treatment of gastric ulcers. The present study aimed to assess the protective effect of mesalazine against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. The rats were divided into five groups, normal, ethanolic, standard (recipient ranitidine 50 mg/kg), experimental groups 1, 2 (receive mesalazine at doses of 50 and 100, respectively). The protective effect of mesalazine was evaluated by the ulcer index, histological examinations, measurement of oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant systems, and some gastric mucosal protection factors.Pre-treatment of rats with doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg Mesalazine (5-ASA) in experimental groups 1 and 2 increased the pH of gastric juice and reduced the gastric ulcer index compared to the ethanolic group. Also, the results indicated that mesalazine, reduced the tissue reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl (PCO) levels, serum nitric oxide (NO), and increased the level of tissue NO and glutathione (GSH) and activity of Catalase (CAT), Based on these results, it can be concluded that mesalazine strengthens the antioxidant defense system of gastric mucosal cells during oxidative damage caused by ethanol.

GASTROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SESBANIA GRANDIFLORA LINN. SEEDS EXTRACT.

Background: A peptic ulcer is a sore in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine. Ulcer can be developed inside the inner lining of the stomach (gastric ulcer) or the small intestine (duodenal ulcer). Peptic ulcers are usually aggravated by an imbalance between destructive and defensive factors in the stomach, it affects nearly 10% of world population. The objective of the study was to investigate the protective effect of ethanolic extract of Sesbania grandiflora Linn. Seeds (SGEE) on peptic ulcer induced by ethanol in experimental rats.&#x0D; Objectives: Gastroprotective effect of Sesbania grandiflora Linn. Seeds extract on experimental&#x0D; Materials and Methods: The gastroprotective effect of SGEE was studied using ethanol (70% ) induced acute gastric ulcer models. The animals were divided into five groups, each group contains six animals. SGEE was administered in two doses, (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, p.o). The parameters investigated include acid volume, pH, total acidity, ulcer index, total protein, glutathione, lipid peroxidase, catalase &amp; histopathological studies.&#x0D; Results: 1. In gastroprotective effect study, SGEE significantly inhibited the development of ulcers induced by ethanol.&#x0D; &#x0D; The SGEE significantly reduced the acid volume, total acidity, total acidity, ulcer index, lipid peroxidation &amp; increases in pH, glutathione &amp; catalase level.&#x0D; Histopathogical studies also revealed that SGEE is gastro-protective. Ranitidine (100 mg/kg) is used as standard drug.&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion: All the observation implies that SGEE possess significant protective activity against ethanol induced gastric ulcer in experimental rats. 400 mg/kg doses has shown more protection compared to 200 mg/kg (dose dependent activity was obtained).&#x0D; Keywords: Antiulcer; Sesbania grandiflora; Ethanol; Ranitidine.

Histopathological Evaluation of Gastro Protective Effect of Trigonella Foenum Graecum Seed (Methi) and omeprazole in Experimentally Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats

Context: Peptic ulcer is a common disorder of the stomach and duodenum. Bangladesh is a developing country with a very high point prevalence of duodenal ulcer disease (11.9%) and a H. pylori prevalence of more than 90% in asymptomatic adults and 80% in children at the age of 5 years. The multifactorial pathogenesis of peptic ulcers is secretion of gastric acid. The main therapeutic target is the control of this secretion using antacids, H2 receptor blockers (ranitidine, famotidine) or proton pump blockers (omeprazole and lansoprazole). However, nowadays, gastric ulcer therapy faces a major drawback because most of the drugs currently available in the market show limited efficacy against gastric diseases and are often associated with severe side effects. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify more effective and safe antiulcer agents. In this context, the use of medicinal plants for the prevention and treatment of different pathologies is in continuous expansion worldwide. From the ancient time, various plants were used in traditional medicine with reputation as efficacious remedies. The list of plant derived modern medicine is very long now. About 33% of the drugs produced in the developed countries are derived from plants. Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek, Methi) is one of them used in many parts of world. Preliminary study on animal showed that Trigonella foenum-graecum seed has significant gastro-protective effect. A study was carried out to demonstrate the gastro-protective effect of aqueous extract and ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed (Fenugreek, Methi) and omeprazole on ethanol induced gastric ulcer in experimental rats.&#x0D; Material and Methods: The present study was performed on 24 (twenty four) rats which were divided randomly into 4 groups each having 6 rats in the Pharmacology Department of Dhaka Medical college, Dhaka. 1 ml of absolute ethanol (5ml/kg body wt.) was orally administered to all groups by gastric intubations to induce gastric ulcer in all groups except normal control. Omeprazole suspension (20mg/kg body wt) was used as synthetic anti ulcer drug in study. Aqueous and ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed(500mg/kg body wt) were used respectively orally. Histopathological analysis was carried out to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed and omeprazole on ethanol induced gastric ulcer in experimental rats.&#x0D; Result: Pretreatment with aqueous and ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed (500mg/kg/body wt) showed very significant prevention in ethanol induced gastric ulcer. Results of the study showed that in case of ethanol treated rats gross examination showed a large amount of haemorrhagic lesions confined mostly in the gastric corpus. Histologically lesion involved about two-third of the mucosa layer and exfoliation of the mucosal cells was detected. Meanwhile, red blood cells were present in the gastric mucosa and edematous submucosa was discovered. However aqueous and ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed significantly reduced the haemorrhagic lesions, tissue proliferation, infiltration of cells and sloughing induced by ethanol. This prevention was statistically very significant (P&lt;0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: The aqueous and ethanol extracts of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed and omeprazole possess gastro protective properties.&#x0D; J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 28, No.1, April, 2019, Page 67-75

Gastroprotective effect of Hyssopus officinalis L. leaves via reduction of oxidative stress in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in experimental rats

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world affecting lives of millions of people. Hyssopus officinalis L. have been used as carminative and antispasmodic stomachic in Iran and Indian traditional systems of medicine. Thus, present study was aimed to evaluate gastroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Hyssopus officinalis L. leaves (EEHO) in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in experimental rats. Female Sprague Dawley rats of groups I, II, III, IV, V, and VI received orally 1 mL/kg/day 1% CMC (carboxy methylcellulose), 1 mL/kg/day 1% CMC, 250 mg EEHO/kg/day, 500 mg EEHO/kg/day, 50 mg ranitidine/kg/day and 500 mg EEHO/kg/day respectively for 10 days. Then, all the groups except groups I and VI were orally administered with 20 mg indomethacin/kg b.wt on 11th day. Ulcer index and mucus barrier were determined. Antioxidant parameters thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione-reduced (GSH), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were evaluated. Stomach was examined for histopathology also. EEHO in groups III and IV significantly (p < 0.01) increased the mucus barrier, SOD, GSH, and catalase while significantly (p < 0.01) decreased the ulcer index and TBARS as compared to ulcer control group II. Histopathological findings showed that indomethacin administration in group II caused PUD (gastric ulcer) and the gastric ulcer was protected by pretreatment with EEHO in groups III and IV. Thus, EEHO possesses gastroprotective activity where the gastroprotection is by strengthening of the gastric mucosa and reduction of oxidative stress. The gastroprotective activity of EEHO was comparable to that of standard drug ranitidine.

Anti-ulcer and hematological properties of virgin coconut oil (VCO) against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in experimental rats

Previous studies have reported various health benefits of virgin coconut oil (VCO) such as weight management, treatment of burns, infections, improve phagocytic activity, etc. The present study was conducted to investigate the anti-ulcer and hematological properties of VCO against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers using rat model. Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were used for the study and were divided into 6 groups of 4 rats each. Group 1 rats served as the normal control; group 2 (positive control) rats were administered indomethacin only, at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. Group 3 rats were treated with a standard drug (cimetidine) at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. Groups 4 (3 ml/kg body weight VCO), 5 (6 ml/kg body weight VCO) and 6 (9 ml/kg body weight VCO) rats were treated as stated. The gastric juice volume of group 6 showed a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the gastric juice volume when compared with the positive control group. There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration and red blood cell count of VCO treated groups 4, 5 and 6 when compared with the positive control. Nonetheless, there was a significant decrease in the HDL-cholesterol, TAG concentration and total cholesterol level of the tests groups 4, 5 and 6 when compared with the positive control. Histological findings revealed that stomach sections of rats in groups 4 and 5 showed moderate widespread mucosal necrosis and ulceration, while that of group 6 rats showed focal area of mucosal ulceration with evidence of healing by fibrosis when compared with the positive control. The findings of this research revealed that VCO possesses ulcer ameliorative properties and could therefore be used for the treatment of gastric ulcers. Key words: Virgin coconut oil (VCO), ulcer, cholesterol, hematology, gastric juice.

Antioxidant and Antiulcer Potential on leaves of Brassica nigra L. against Gastric Ulcer

&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table class="data" width="100%"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr valign="top"&gt;&lt;td class="value"&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the present study, anti-ulcerative effects of extract of Brassica nigra L. leaves were investigated in pylorus ligation and aspirin-induced gastric ulcer models in rats. In present study antiulcer effect of ethanolic extract of Brassica nigra leaves is well understood by total acidity, free acidity, and ulcer index of different groups of animals in both the model viz. Pylorus ligation model &amp;amp; Aspirin induced gastric ulcer in experimental rats when compared the test group with control and standard group. The percentage of ulcer inhibition was observed in pylorus ligated model was as follows: standard, BNLE 100mg/kg, BNLE 200mg/kg and BNLE 300mg/kg 55.76%, 30.96%, 49.54% and 51.35% respectively. The mechanism of gastric ulcer healing is not well understood and further study is needed to evaluate the specific phytoconstituents responsible for the gastric ulcer healing but on the basis of present study it can be concluded that this gastric healing potential may be due to the pharmacological effect played by the different phytoconstituents present in the ethanolic extract of Brassica nigra leaves for prevention of gastric mucosa or by the antioxidant potential of the leaves which is evaluated during the DPPH free radical scavenging activity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

Ulcer healing potential of ethanolic extract of Caralluma attenuata on experimental diabetic rats.

Introduction:Available data indicated that diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the vulnerability of the gastric ulcers and the need of the hour is to develop effective agents to treat ulcer with diabetes for better patient compliance and cost effectiveness. The ulcer-healing properties of ethanolic extract of Caralluma attenuata (CAEt) against both chemically- and physically induced gastric ulcers in experimental rats are recently studied.Aim:To assess the ulcer healing potential of Ethanolic Extract of Caralluma attenuata on Experimental Diabetic Rats.Material and Methods:The current study aimed to evaluate ulcer healing properties of CAEt on the aspirin induced gastric ulcer in rats with streptozotocin induced DM. The hypothesis is based on the fact that DM results in compromising the mucosal defensive factors associated with delay in gastric ulcer healing, and if these changes can be corrected by using agents known for their antidiabetic and antiulcer properties. Experimental albino rats were divided into six groups. Except for Group I, other groups contained streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Group I (normal control) and Group II (diabetic control) were administered vehicle, Groups III and IV (diabetic experimental) were administered CAEt in dose of 100 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg, respectively, and Groups V and VI (positive controls) were respectively administered oral standard drugs omeprazole, 20 mg/kg, and tolbutamide 10 mg/kg.Result:The results confirmed that the CAEt significantly decreases the ulcer index (P < 0.05) in the aspirin-induced gastric ulcers and also significantly exhibit antioxidant and glucose lowering activity in the diabetic ulcer rats. The study showed that C. attenuata has the potential to be used as an antiulcer agent in experimental diabetic rats.

Effect of Hypoxic Preconditioning on Stress Reaction in Rats.

In rats, immobilization stress (24 h) induced involution of the thymus and spleen, adrenal hypertrophy, and pronounced elevation (by 67%) of serum cortisol in comparison with intact animals; the mean number of stomach ulcers in rats subjected to stress was 6.9. Hypoxic preconditioning consisting of 6 sessions of 10-min hypoxia (8% O2) followed by 10-min reoxygenation with atmospheric air induced adrenal hypertrophy and spleen involution, but did not change blood cortisol level; no stomach ulcers were found in preconditioned rats. In rats subjected to both hypoxic preconditioning and immobilization, the weights of the thymus, adrenal glands, and spleen, as well as cortisol level did not differ from the corresponding parameters in rats subjected to immobilization stress alone. The number of stomach ulcers in experimental rats was 1.5-fold lower than in the stress-control ones. Thus, hypoxic preconditioning exerts a pronounced preventive anti-ulcer effect during immobilization, but it does not affect other indices of the stress reaction.

Assessment of Gastroprotective Potential of &lt;i&gt;Delonix regia&lt;/i&gt; (Boj Ex Hook) Raf against Ethanol and Cold Restrain Stress-Induced Ulcer in Rats

Purpose: To assess the gastroprotective potential of the stem bark ethanol extract of Delonix regia (EDR) on ethanol and cold restrain stress-induced ulcer in experimental rats.Methods: EDR (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg doses, orally) was evaluated on ethanol and cold restrain stress-induced ulcer in experimental rats. In ethanol induced ulcer model, ulcer index, percent protection, reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), myeloperoxidase (MPO), cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) levels in stomach tissue were evaluated. In the cold restrain stress model, ulcer index, percent protection, and GSH levels were evaluated. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay of EDR was also performed.Results: EDR caused a significant (p &lt; 0.05-0.001) decreased ulcer index in ethanol (61.33-76.00%) and cold restrain stress (47.34-84.28 %) models. The EDR caused a significant (p &lt; 0.05 - 0.001) increase in SOD (0.20 - 0.27 U/mg protein, CAT (200 - 270 μmole H2O2/mg of protein/minute), GSH (1.63 - 1.17 μg/mg protein) and reduction in nitric oxide (NO) level, pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α and IL-6) levels and inhibition in neutrophil accumulation (p &lt; 0.001) in ethanol-induced model. EDR exhibited significant antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 45.23 ± 3.23 μg/ml.Conclusion: The results suggest that EDR has gastroprotective effect in the two ulcer models and this may be due to its antioxidant effect.Keywords: Delonix regia, Fabaceae, Ethanol-induced ulcer, Cold restrain stress-induced ulcer, Gastroprotective, Pro-inflammatory cytokines

Effect of garlic and cabbage on healing of gastric ulcer in experimental rats

The effect of garlic (Allium sativum) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) extracts on the healing of gastric ulcer in experimental rats has been investigated. Thirty-three albino male rats (115 ± 4 g B.Wt. each) were used and divided into 6 groups (n = 6 rats); one was used as a negative control while the others were given aspirin orally (200 mg/kg B.Wt.). One of these groups was employed as a positive control and the others were administrated with 150 or 300 mg/kg B.Wt. doses of garlic and cabbage juice for 7 days. The length of the gastric ulcer, the volume of gastric juice, the total acidity, the pH value, the total bacterial count, and the histopathological changes of the stomach were examined. Results revealed that oral administration with both tested plant extracts reduced the length of gastric ulcer, the total acidity, the volume of gastric juice, the bacterial count, and the histopathological changes caused by aspirin. On the other hand, both aqueous plants extract increased the pH value of gastric juice. It is concluded that, garlic and cabbage extract could be used for healing acute gastric ulcer.

Evaluation of Anti-Secretory and Anti- Ulcerogenic Activities of Avipattikar Churna on The Peptic Ulcers in Experimental Rats

Avipattikar churna, a poly-herbal formulation, is one of the popular ayurvedic formulations which is used for peptic ulcer diseases but the scientific documentation with regards to its effect for the indication is lacking. This study was carried out to evaluate the anti-secretory and the anti-ulcerogenic activities of the churna and to compare its activity with that of ranitidine in a pyloric ligated model of rats. Four groups of rats with 6 animals in each served as the ulcer controls, churna low dose (500 mg/kg), churna high dose (750mg/kg) and ranitidine (25mg/kg). The control group rats received only vehicle (2% (v/v) gum acacia), while the rats of the other groups received the respective dose of the churna or ranitidine which was suspended in the vehicle. The treatments were given twice a day, orally, for two days. After 1 hour of the last dose, pyloric ligations were performed and the rats were sacrificed for evaluation after four hours of the ligations. The gastric contents were collected and its volume, pH and acidity were measured. The numbers of ulcers and their lengths were measured which were used to calculate the gastric irritancy index and the curative ratio. The histological examinations of the gastric tissues were also performed. The churna, in both doses, significantly decreased the volumes of the gastric contents, the ulcer score, the length of the ulcer, the gastric irritancy index and pH increased as compared to those in the control group. The effects of the churna were comparable to that of ranitidine. The histopathological evaluation of the gastric tissue also supported the results. Avipattikar churna has anti-secretory and anti-ulcerogenic effects which are comparable to those of ranitidine in peptic ulcer diseases.

DIOXATRINE, A POTENT AND SPECIFIC RUMENAL ULCER-PREVENTING AGENT IN RATS.

Abstract When rats are starved with free access to a 20% glucose solution, extensive rumenal ulcers are found in almost all animals at the end of the third week. The formation of these ulcers may be inhibited by dissolving adequate amounts of two anti-acetylcholine agents in the glucose solution. A minimum of about 8 mg/kg of atropine sulphate daily is required for significant activity. Submaximal mydriatic effects are observed after oral administration of this dose. Dioxatrine, a tertiary amine of novel structure, inhibited ulcer formation at dose levels devoid of significant mydriatic activity. Dioxatrine prevents experimental ulcers in rats in one twentieth the dose of atropine.

Antiulcerogenic activity of Lantana camara leaves on gastric and duodenal ulcers in experimental rats

Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae), a widely growing shrub has been used in the traditional medicine for treating many ailments. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of methanolic extract of Lantana camara leaves on gastric and duodenal ulcers. The antiulcerogenic effect of methanolic extract of Lantana camara was evaluated in aspirin induced gastric ulcerogenesis in pyloric ligated rats, ethanol induced gastric ulcer, and cysteamine induced duodenal ulcer models. The extract was administered orally at two different doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg. The lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione levels of ethanol induced gastric ulcer model and inhibition zone in diameter against Helicobacter pylori also determined. The L. camara extract significantly (P<0.01) reduced ulcer index, total acidity and significantly (P<0.01) increased the gastric pH of aspirin+pylorus-ligation induced ulcerogenesis and ethanol induced gastric ulcer models. The extract also significantly (P<0.01) reduced the ulcer index of cysteamine induced duodenal ulcer. The L. camara showed significant (P<0.01) reduction in lipid peroxidation and increase in reduced glutathione levels. The inhibition zone in diameter of extract against H. pylori was 20mm. The methanolic extract of Lantana camara leaves shown healing of gastric ulcers and also prevents development of duodenal ulcers in rats.