Sovereignty Of Ukraine Research Articles

PLATFORMS OF EXPANSIONISM: A COMPARISON OF RUSSIA'S NARRATIVES FOR UKRAINE AND SERBIA'S NARRATIVES FOR KOSOVO

Following the invasion of Crimea by Russia, there has been a significant shift in academic focus towards the study of Ukraine. Russia's efforts to establish a new warfront in the Western Balkans have drawn attention to the developments in the region. This paper offers a comparative analysis of the narratives put forth by Russia concerning Ukraine and Serbia's perspectives on Kosovo. Both Russia and Serbia have constructed fake narratives that present their geopolitical disputes as issues of historical and national identity and territorial integrity. In the case of Russia, the narratives regarding Ukraine underscore a shared history, the protection of ethnic Russians, while contesting Ukrainian sovereignty. Similarly, Serbia's narratives about Kosovo emphasize the cultural and historical significance of Kosovo, drawing its fake narrative for Kosovo as integral to Serbian identity and rejecting its independence as illegitimate and imposed by foreign powers. By delving into official discourse and media representations, this study aims to explore three core narratives used as expansionist platforms: historical and national identity narratives, the narrative of victimization and the narratives on the legitimacy of statehood and sovereignty and how these narratives are utilized within domestic and international spheres to gain internal and international support, legitimize policies, and perpetuate a sense of victimhood. The paper contends that although the contexts differ, the strategic deployment of historical grievances, ethnic unity, and anti-Western sentiment forms a common platform in the expansionist approaches of Russia and Serbia.

The war in Ukraine in light of international law

AbstractThe aggression and the ‘special military operation’ against Ukraine by the Russian Federation have, since their outset, implied not only the violation of fundamental customary and treaty norms of international law, but, at the same time also undermine the foundations of the contemporary international legal order. The ‘special military operation’ violates several universal international conventions in the elaboration of which the predecessor state of contemporary Russia, the Soviet Union had a definitive role; furthermore, it expressly breaches Russian undertakings concerning respect for the independence and sovereignty of Ukraine. Since in this case the aggressor state is a permanent member of the UN Security Council, thus, instead of the Council, the emergency special session of the UN General Assembly proceeds on the basis of the Uniting for Peace resolution and makes recommendations for collective measures to the Member States. The present study discusses the most important international norms breached with the aggression and during the war, the resolutions of the emergency special sessions of the UN General Assembly, the post-war situation, as well as the issue of remedy and reparation due to Ukraine.

Title over the territory in establishing the jurisdiction of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea in the case of Ukraine v. russia

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the violations of Ukraine's sovereign rights in the maritime areas adjacent to the occupied Crimean Peninsula by the russian federation since 2014. The author examines the legal mechanisms that Ukraine employs to protect its interests within the framework of international law, particularly through appeals to international judicial and arbitral bodies in accordance with the provisions of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Special attention is given to the arbitration proceedings initiated by Ukraine in 2016 against the russian federation, aimed at recognizing the violations by russia related to the unlawful exploitation of natural resources on the continental shelf and within the exclusive economic zone, as well as the usurpation of fishing rights and the transit of Ukrainian vessels through the Kerch Strait. The article thoroughly examines Ukraine's arguments and the position of the russian federation, particularly regarding the jurisdiction of the arbitration. The main issue raised in the article is the refusal of the arbitration to recognize its jurisdiction over the dispute due to the question of Ukraine's sovereignty over the Crimean Peninsula, which significantly complicates holding russia accountable. The practices of the arbitration and the maritime tribunal are analyzed to understand potential avenues for resolving the dispute. This article contributes to the understanding of complex legal issues arising in the context of contemporary international conflicts and offers a critical review of existing legal mechanisms for the protection of sovereign rights of states in maritime areas, using the Ukraine vs. russia case as an example.

Formation and development of the militia: historical and legal analysis

The historical aspects of the formation and development of militia in Ukraine are studied, with special attention paid to its role during the revolutionary events and the civil war. The state of law and order in the Ukrainian lands in the late 19th – early 20th centuries, key legal aspects of the formation and initial stage of the militia functioning are analysed, and a scientific assessment of its activities in the context of complex revolutionary challenges is provided. The creation and development of the Soviet militia was a complex and ambiguous process, so the challenges faced by the newly formed militia during the revolutionary period are analysed. The historical factors that contributed to the creation and development of the militia, its transformation over time, and the formation of the modern police are studied. Historical experience shows that the establishment of the Soviet militia depended on many factors, namely: the gradual formation of tasks, powers and functions of the militia, the definition of the regulatory framework for its activities, the organisation of the system of administrative apparatus, coordination of efforts at the local and central levels, the resolution of personnel issues, etc. The necessity of studying the historical processes of formation of the modern police, its institutional origins in the context of the State development is emphasised, and the crucial role of the police in maintaining the rule of law, public order and security of citizens of modern Ukraine is noted. The study of historical factual material contributes to a better understanding of the evolution, nature and role of state institutions designed to protect Ukraine's sovereignty and solve other tasks in the field of national security and law enforcement in response to the needs of society, offering ideas for future effective strategies based on historical experience and current challenges.

Dropping ‘truth bombs’? The framing of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in Indian broadcast news

AbstractIn a late October 2022 international YouGov public opinion poll, findings indicated that more Indians attributed responsibility for the Russian invasion of Ukraine to ‘the West’ rather than Russia (28% compared to 27%, while 45% indicated both were accountable or expressed uncertainty). This study seeks to elucidate why such perceptions prevail, drawing upon the longstanding strategic partnership between the former Soviet Union and, subsequently, Russia, with India dating back to the 1950s and the portrayal of the Russian invasion within Indian broadcast news media. We argue that the media coverage of the conflict exhibits three main frames: the invasion as an attack by Russia on Ukrainian sovereignty, an anti-West pro-Russia frame, and a perspective aligning with Indian national interests. Both international and domestic proponents of these frames actively seek to shape the narrative presented, with media organizations deciding which frames to prioritize and which political actors to endorse. Consequently, we argue that the news media plays a pivotal role in shaping public perceptions of the conflict, influencing the Indian government's approach toward the war.

Main directions of ensuring national security and mechanisms of public administration under martial law

The task of ensuring national security is currently a key one for Ukraine, as a condition and goal of reforms in all spheres of state and social activity. The content of transformations in this area should be linked to ensuring and comprehensively strengthening Ukraine's sovereignty and preserving its territorial integrity. The current situation in the world is characterized by the presence of “points of tension”, the desire of other states to implement their geopolitical plans and unresolved social problems. In addition, the state is the main institution that creates appropriate conditions for the functioning of each business entity. In Ukraine, there is a need to define the benchmarks of the security system, study international experience and implement it in the process of improving national security legislation. The article examines and analyzes the theoretical foundations of the state management of national security development, reveals the essence of such concepts as “national security”, “economic security”; identifies the components of national and economic security of Ukraine; mechanisms of state management of economic security; characterizes three main types of security threats, namely: external and internal; real and potential; global, regional and local; identifies threats affecting economic security; develops recommendations for improving the effectiveness of the state management of economic security.

THE INFLUENCE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE SPHERE OF CULTURE ON THE NATIONAL SECURITY OF UKRAINE AS AN EXAMPLE OF MAJOR CULTURAL EVENTS AS SOCIAL INNOVATIONS

The awareness of one's national identity, the preservation of national traditions, as well as the development of the creative potential of Ukrainians is a guarantor of the development of the state and national security of Ukraine. State policy should prioritize the preservation of the nation's cultural identity, as well as the issue of cultural identity in general. The Law of Ukraine on National Security protects the principles of statehood, including the national interests of Ukraine, rather than just infrastructure facilities. The law defines vital interests as those of a person, society, and the state, with the function of upholding Ukraine's sovereignty. Festivals, educational programs, forums, and literary and musical competitions are particularly important, as they can serve as platforms for the development and preservation of national culture, which is a crucial aspect of Ukraine's national security. The article analyzes the relationship between major cultural events of regional and national importance and national security, providing arguments to support the fact that culture is of great importance to national security.

The Impact of the Minsk Agreements on Ukrainian Sovereignty

ABSTRACT The war in Ukraine constitutes one of the most significant conflicts in recent decades. Given its prolonged duration, it is reshaping international relations on a global scale and has resulted in immense suffering and loss of life. Furthermore, it has brought forth a number of crucial issues for consideration. One such issue pertains to the nature and impact of the Minsk agreements, particularly in light of the claims of remedial secession, which the Russian side has invoked as justification for initiating the so-called ‘Special Military Operation’. In this context, this article takes into account relevant precedents, including the one in Kosovo. Within this framework, special attention is dedicated to analysing the role of the two Minsk agreements and their impact on Ukrainian sovereignty.

Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Internasional pada Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina

This research aims to find out the rules and sanctions that can be imposed on violations of international human rights in the event of Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The method used in this research is normative legal research, which is research by examining laws and regulations, legal concepts, and legal theories to be applied to a particular problem. The result of this research is to find out the efforts that can be made by all countries in the world in order to stop ongoing violations of international human rights in the event of Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The military invasion launched by Russia into Ukraine has had consequences that violate international human rights principles. These violations include attacks on Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity, violations of civil rights, and the unlawful use of military force. Non-compliance with international law resulting from this invasion has had serious humanitarian impacts, including loss of life, displacement, and damage to infrastructure. In the context of international law, this invasion raises questions regarding the upholding of human rights principles and compliance with the laws of war. The acts of military aggression carried out by Russia are contrary to a number of international treaties governing state sovereignty and the prohibition of the use of military force without legal authorization. This situation has given rise to debate and emphasis on the need to enforce rules that protect human rights and global justice.

Attitudes Of Egyptian Audiences Towards Russian- Ukrainian’s War

Public opinion regarding international conflicts plays a crucial role in shaping global diplomatic strategies and media discourse. Understanding how different socio-political contexts influence attitudes towards such conflicts is essential for informed decision-making and policy formulation. This study aims to explore the attitudes and perceptions of the Egyptian audience towards the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, focusing on their support for Ukraine's sovereignty, opinions on Russia's actions, and the influence of media coverage. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 250 respondents in Egypt, utilizing a structured questionnaire. Statistical analyses including correlation, regression, ANOVA, and reliability analysis (Cronbach’s Alpha) were employed to analyze the data collected. The findings indicate a strong sentiment among the Egyptian audience in support of Ukraine’s sovereignty (75.6% strongly agree) and disapproval of Russia’s actions (49.6% strongly disagree). Media emerged as a significant influencer, with a majority of respondents citing its role in shaping their perceptions of the conflict. The study underscores the influential role of media in shaping public opinion and highlights the need for balanced reporting during international crises. Policymakers can leverage these insights to align diplomatic strategies with public sentiment effectively, fostering transparency and trust in international relations.

An appraisal of the impact Russia and Ukraine conflict on the global economy and peace (2021-2022)

The unannounced war between Ukraine and Russia has taken the world politics, peace, economy, and global market systems by storm and the diplomatic efforts by world leaders to resolve the crisis have shown no sign of progress. Ukraine became an independent nation with the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. It was earlier part of the Russian empire and later became the Soviet Republic and did away with its Russian imperial legacy, thereby forming close ties with the West. Since its independence, the country has been battling with corruption and internal divisions. The objective of the paper is to examine the implication of the Ukraine and Russia crisis on the global economy and peace. The paper has adopted using secondary sources of information by consulting relevant literature on the subject matter. The paper has two major findings firstly, the sovereignty of Ukraine as an independent country was not fully respected by Russia and secondly, superpower countries are playing politics with the conflict which led to further destruction of human beings and facilities between conflicting countries. The researcher recommends that neighbouring countries of Ukraine needs to recognize its statehood independence as an independent country and the superpower countries and other global communities need to show concern and make serious commitment to end the conflict between the two countries to restore the fate of global peace and economy in a good time.

Methods of Russian information propaganda and their influence on the image of Ukraine in the world

This article is devoted to the definition and analysis of the main methods of Russian information propaganda and the study of their real impact on creating a negative image of Ukraine in the international community.
 Analysis of the foreign press showed that the Western information space is a mixture of professional research, falsifications, propaganda, open manipulation and primitive claims. It is important to note that today there is a fairly large number of foreign publications which, while supporting the Putin regime, still consider Ukraine and Russia as inseparable objects and which almost always publish negative materials about Ukraine and its people. Such sources include some information resources of Serbia, France, Turkey, etc.
 Western observers can obtain more objective and truthful information from official representatives of the state, diplomats, and from influential world publications that provide high-quality analytics and expert opinions. Through the websites of organizations that provide analytical and statistical materials. Also, well-known bloggers, openly declaring their political preferences and support, can shape the opinion of some people.
 Among the main information methods used by Russia in the fight against Ukraine are the manipulation of history and current events, the distortion of historical facts and contemporary events, the creation of a negative identity of Ukraine in the eyes of the international public, speculation on facts, the production of fake news, etc.
 In general, the spread of Russian propaganda about Ukraine has a negative impact on its perception in the world. And this, in turn, can create significant obstacles to the preservation and support of Ukraine's sovereignty, as well as its international integration. To combat this phenomenon, it is important to continue to strengthen international cooperation in the field of information security and to openly highlight facts and truthful information about Ukraine.

Features of the Transformation of the EU’s Foreign Policy Behavior Paradigm After a Full-Scale Russian Invasion of Ukraine

Russia’s full-scale military invasion of Ukraine, which began on February 24, 2022, has put on the agenda the question of consolidating the international community’s efforts in order to oppose Russian aggression in Europe and create conditions for preventing armed confrontations in the future. Without exaggeration, it can be stated that the European Union plays a special role in creating a system of collective repulsion of the aggressor and ensuring its effective functioning. Its unprecedented “geopolitical awakening” in response to another Russian aggression against Ukraine has immediately become the subject of numerous scientific investigations by foreign and domestic experts. In addition, the change in the behavioral logic used by the EU in defending the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Ukraine between 2014, when the Russian Federation’s armed invasion of Crimea took place, and the events of February 2022 has not gone unnoticed by scholars.
 The article analyzes the main behavioral models of foreign policy actors and also makes the assumption that Russia’s full-scale military offensive against Ukraine, which destroyed the established European security architecture, has led to the transformation of the behavioral paradigm of the EU, which is primarily seen in the change of its foreign policy goals. The conducted analysis of the EU’s behavioral logic confirmed the assumption and allowed us to conclude that before the invasion, the bloc acted as an actor pursuing a policy of the status quo, but after – its role changed to a normative one.

Themes of War in modern clothing Culture of Ukrainians

The article is devoted to the study of the content of prints on patriotic T-shirts that appeared after the full-scale aggression of Russia against Ukraine in 2022 or were developed earlier, but their informative reading has been updated. The source base consisted of offers for purchasing patriotic T-shirts on the websites of both manufacturers of such products and companies engaged in the sale of such goods. In the course of the study, the monitoring of posts on social networks «Facebook», «Telegram» was carried out, which discussed the advertisement of T-shirts with a patriotic theme or discussed the attitude of consumers to such products. Men’s, women’s and children’s Tshirts were taken into account. The study of contemporary patriotic prints is considered on the theoretical basis of the functioning of Ukrainian internet memes. Most T-shirt prints are the final stage of the meme life cycle, when the most successful ideas become an illustrative element of consumer products, including clothing. In addition, a participant observation of the clothing culture of the participants of actions in support of Ukraine in Budapest during the spring and summer of 2022 was conducted. The communicative and informational content of images on T-shirts was chosen as the subject of the study. The main ethnocultural themes presented on the prints were systematized and characterized. The first topic concerns the representation of the statehood and sovereignty of Ukraine through the state symbols such as the coat of arms, the flag, map outlines, and the inscriptions «Ukraine» in different languages. The second topic concerns the idea of the heroic Cossacks, which is an important historical myth in the formation of Ukrainian identity. The third topic reveals the aspects of femininity in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war, and the fourth – images of warrior-defenders. The fifth topic presents modernized representations of cultural and intellectual figures. Based on the importance of conveying to the general public a call to support Ukraine, we have selected the sixth topic of messages to the world. The seventh topic is the most variable, as it presents events as a chronicle of the war.

SHAPING CADETS’ MORAL RESISTANCE TO THE MANIPULATIVE INFLUENCE OF ENEMY PROPAGANDA IN MODERN CONDITIONS

The article highlights the current problems of raising the moral stability of cadets to the manipulative influence of enemy propaganda in modern conditions. It has been proven that the moral resistance of cadets to the manipulative influence of enemy propaganda is an integrated quality of the individual, which consists in preserving and observing moral values in the conditions of an aggressive environment, misinformation, manipulation of enemy propaganda, influence on the psyche and determines the ability of the individual to actively oppose and protect freedom, democracy and Ukraine's sovereignty from external and internal threats. Moral self-awareness, critical thinking, volitional motivation, moral assessment, self-control are the psychological mechanisms of training cadets' moral resistance to the manipulative influences of enemy propaganda. The basic moral values of the education of moral stability are (patriotism defines a valuable attitude towards Ukraine, devotion and loyalty to the military oath, service to the Ukrainian people and readiness to protect the territorial integrity of the state.), responsibility (the perceived freedom of a specific individual in making moral decisions, choosing goals and adequate means of achieving them), dignity (reflects a moral attitude towards oneself, towards society, towards one's mission to protect Ukraine and is associated with a sense of military duty). Ways of forming cadets' moral resistance to the manipulative influence of enemy propaganda have been determined, which involve mastery of etiquette, information hygiene, and media literacy.

Liberalization of the Standards of Tax Law of Ukraine Under Martial State

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to analyze the legal prerequisites, legal content and features of the development and implementation, by the Ukrainian state under martial law, of the tax law liberalization policy of the state, analysis and generalization of the experience gained by Ukraine in this field. Method. The methodology includes a systematic and functional analysis and generalization of the doctrinal development of the investigated problem, the law-making activity of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, and the formulation on this basis of new scientific generalizations, provisions, assessments, conclusions and recommendations, primarily to the legislator and law enforcement bodies. In the research process, the following cognitive tools were used: anthropo-sociocultural and axiological approaches; general scientific principles of objectivity and historicism, methods of systemic and functional analysis. The results. The most important reasons for the need to liberalize the tax law of Ukraine under martial law were: 1) mainly the conflicting nature of relations between taxpayers and the state, inherited from the pre-war period, as well as the state's disregard for the principles of tax law justice; the need to strengthen the real protection of the rights and legitimate interests of taxpayers; the need to achieve complete consolidation and unity of Ukrainian society and the Ukrainian state in order to protect Ukraine's sovereignty and independence from the Russian aggressor. The liberalization of the tax law of Ukraine under martial law contributed decisively to the achievement of these goals. The legal content of the liberalization of the tax law of Ukraine in the above-mentioned period consisted, first of all, in reducing the tax burden on taxpayers, simplifying tax-legal procedures for taxpayers, strengthening the real protection of their positive rights by making appropriate changes to the Tax Code of Ukraine and other legislation of Ukraine, introducing a system of tax - legal incentives for taxpayers. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the study is noted as the novelty of the applied methodology of cognition - anthropo-sociocultural and axiological approaches to the cognition of tax-legal reality instead of the traditional positivist approach in such cases, as well as the fundamental theoretical novelty of the obtained research results. In particular, it has been proven that in Ukraine under martial law, a human-centric type of understanding the principle of fairness of tax law began to dominate. It is substantiated that the Russian-Ukrainian war, as the most important valuable challenge for Ukraine, radically changed the hierarchy of the needs of the state and society, put their security needs first. The key feature of these needs of the state and society was that they completely coincided, which made their synergy possible. It was found that the Ukrainian state, in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war, for the first time in history, fundamentally reduced the tax burden on its taxpayers. This constituted the quintessence of its new policy of liberalization. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used in law-making and law-enforcement activities, as well as in educational and educative processes.

Hybrid Warfare in Ukraine and its Impact on Climate Politics

The Russian invasions of Ukraine in 2014 and 2022 represented not only attempts to erase Ukrainian sovereignty but were also linked to a larger campaign by the Kremlin to undermine trust in democratic institutions, scientific data, and resilience of Western societies. This form of hybrid warfare has long taken a particular focus on energy systems, both in attempts to maintain Russian oil and gas exports, and to target energy infrastructure in invaded states like Ukraine. This article briefly traces the origins of the Russian government’s “assault on truth,” revealing how the information battlespace has affected global climate politics. The disruption of climate politics has long been a goal of the Kremlin and its allies – we argue that the ongoing energy crisis must be approached carefully, with particular attention to countering anti-science and anti-climate efforts.

THE EU-UKRAINE PARTNERSHIP IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COMMON FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY: A CRITICAL REVIEW

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the partnership between the European Union (EU) and Ukraine in the context of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). The analysis is based on a thorough review of relevant literature, official documents, and expert opinions, and aims to identify the main challenges and achievements of the partnership and offer recommendations for its further development. The author emphasizes the successes and challenges of the EU-Ukraine partnership in areas such as political cooperation, economic integration, and security cooperation. While the EU's support for Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity has been a key factor in the partnership's success, the article also highlights several limitations and shortcomings of the partnership. These include the slow pace of reforms in Ukraine, the impact of corruption on the country's development, and the EU's limited leverage over Russia's actions. To address these challenges, the article offers recommendations for how the EU-Ukraine partnership can be strengthened, including deeper engagement on issues such as energy security, human rights, and rule of law as well as a more proactive approach to supporting Ukraine's democratic development and reform agenda. The analysis suggests that these steps are crucial for ensuring the partnership's continued relevance and effectiveness, and for supporting Ukraine's path towards European integration and democratic consolidation. Overall, this article provides a critical and nuanced assessment of the EU-Ukraine partnership in the context of the CFSP, offering important insights for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners in the fields of EU foreign policy, Ukrainian politics, and international relations.

Democracies and International Law by Tom Ginsburg

Six days after Russia invaded Ukraine, the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution demanding an end to the invasion and an immediate withdrawal of troops. The situation seemed unambiguous: a clear-cut violation of Ukrainian sovereignty, one of the bedrock principles of the UN Charter. Yet, the vote was not unanimous or even near unanimous. While overwhelmingly approved, with 141 states in favor and five against, a surprising thirty-five states abstained. All but three of the states that abstained or voted against the resolution are authoritarian or authoritarian-leaning. Such a clustering of authoritarian states—many of which are postcolonial and have recent histories of conflict—against a public condemnation of aggression begs the question of the relationship between domestic regime type and international law. This question is at the heart of Tom Ginsburg’s Democracies and International Law, a tour de force of the observed patterns of democracies utilizing international law. From this empirical analysis, the book makes insightful and informed predictions about the future of international law under democratic decline, including the potential of using international law to shore up democracy and the characteristics of “authoritarian international law.”

Exploring the Russian Perspective on the War in Ukraine: Demography's Power and Ukraine's Uniqueness

Western officials and media have portrayed Russia as a rogue state that seeks to undermine the fundamental foundations of the Western lifestyle, which are based on democratic and liberal principles, especially more since the invasion of the remaining Ukrainian territories began on 24 February 2022. According to this perspective, Russia allegedly launched its strike to prevent Ukraine from joining the club of liberal nations. This move would have been a clear message to any other post-Soviet countries, further strengthening Russian control over them. It would be unfair to completely dismiss this argument, yet, justifying the simplification of the procedure and the continuation of conflict on these reasons goes much beyond presenting the facts. A thorough examination of the many issues involved is necessary to comprehend the Russian motivations for the ongoing war. This calls for an in-depth analysis of the Crimean Question, focusing on how Russia uses demographics in its foreign strategy. In addition, within the broader context of The Russian World (Russkiy Mir) Vision, it is crucial to understand the relevance of Russia’s unique perspective on Ukraine. The objective of this study is to provide an analytical framework concentrating on these apparently most visible factors for Russia’s willingness to raise tensions in Eastern Europe further and invade the remaining territory under the sovereignty of Ukraine.