Ukrainian Society Research Articles

Legal regulation of education in Ukraine. Part 2: The accessibility of education under military emergency

After receiving the results of the first study from the cycle of research on the principle of the supremacy of law in education under military emergency, it turned out to be necessary to conduct the next study on the accessibility of education in Ukraine during the mentioned period. It is also associated with the activities of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, which in 2024 changed the rules for admission to higher educational institutions and limited access to education for those seeking education who declared their desire to study full-time and on a paid basis in postgraduate studies for obtaining the third (educational and scientific) level of higher education. The Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, as has always been the case, defended its discriminatory reforms regarding the availability of education, referring to the introduction of a military emergency in Ukraine and problems in the process of mobilizing students for war. At the same time, access to education was limited both for paid education recipients (at their own expense) and for free education recipients (at the expense of state and local allocations). In turn, taking into account the fact that in Ukraine the system of grant education at the expense of scholarships from universities, philanthropists, and sponsors practically does not operate, this situation became a certain cataclysm in the field of education, which negatively affected both students (who began to go abroad en masse) and higher educational institutions. First of all, it is connected with depriving a number of young scientists of the opportunity to continue their research through postgraduate study, and secondly, with depriving higher educational institutions of income, the absence of which can lead such educational institutions to bankruptcy. As a result, the legality of the actions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine regarding restricting access to education became acute in Ukrainian society. This article is the second article from the cycle of research. It contains the results of a legal study of education accessibility during the military emergency in Ukraine.

Women’s access to justice in Ukraine: the invisibility of the problem

The article considers women’s access to justice as an invisible problem, the existence of which is overlooked or denied. Cases where women in similar situations experience more adverse legal consequences are not perceived as linked to gender inequality. The reasons for the invisibility of the problem are rooted in the Soviet past, in the patriarchal traditions of Ukrainian society, as well as in the reluctance to abandon myths and stereotypes, the lack of proper reflection on the past and the lack of a culture of public discussion of important social problems, the marginalization of “women’s” topics. To illustrate the invisibility of the problem, results of the questioning of training participants (judges, court staff and law enforcement officers) has been used, i.e. the discussion regarding manifestations of gender inequality, acknowledged in the Concept Paper of the State Programme for Ensuring Equal Rights and Opportunities of Women and Men, approved by the order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated November 21, 2012, No. 1002. The author noted, that during many years of delivering gender equality trainings only those participants who de facto contribute to caregiving/family responsibilities admitted that inadequate level of providing conditions for “a harmonious combination of family and professional responsibilities” is an actual problem; the same is observed in relation to other manifestations of inequality between women and men, which confirms the opinion that the perception of relevance or irrelevance of specific manifestations of gender inequality is determined by the individual’s own experience. The trend of reducing gender gap is perceived as the irrelevance of a certain manifestation of gender inequality, since “the situation has been improved significantly”, even if the gap remains large. In addition to the experience of delivering trainings, “stories from life” were also used to demonstrate the invisibility of the problem, particularly cases that illustrate the superior, prejudiced and sexist attitude towards women in high level (deputy minister) positions, especially when compared with the attitude towards men of the same age and status. Since a problem that is invisible has no chance of being solved, the ability to “notice”, “see”, “make visible”, “name”, “qualify”, etc. are the first steps towards its solution.

The legal status and activities of the authorities of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in exile (end of 1920 – August 22, 1992): historical and legal aspects

A historical and legal study of the legal status and activities of the authorities of the Ukrainian People’s Republic (hereinafter - the UPR) in exile (late 1920 – August 22, 1992). It is concluded that, since at the end of 1920 the authorities of the UPR lost influence on the population as a result of the establishment of Soviet power in most of the Ukrainian territories and the UPR actually ceased to exist, which was formally fixed by a peace treaty between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Soviet Russia on March 18, 1921. in Riga, the UNR authorities lost their state status and acquired public status. The content adopted by the Council of People’s Ministers and approved by the Chairman of the Directory on January 9, 1921 was analyzed. a normative act entitled “Law on the Council of the Republic,” in which the Council of the Republic was defined as “a temporary supreme authority of the people, which has full power.” The authorities of the UPR imitated state activity: the Council of the Republic – as legislative, the Council of People’s Ministers - as executive authority, the Head of the Directory – as the head of the UPR. After the termination of the existence of the Council of the Republic in August 1921 the functions of the UNR authorities in exile were carried out by the Head of the Directory and the Council of People’s Ministers. The content of the “Temporary Law on the Reorganization of the State Center of the UNR in Exile” of June 10, 1948, which established the competence of the constituent parts of the State Center of the UNR: President, Vice-President, Government, Ukrainian National Council, was studied. Based on the analysis of the content of this normative act, it was concluded that the State Center of the UPR in exile formally had the status of a public organization, but pretended to be a state authority and imitated state functions. According to this document, the Ukrainian National Council performs “the functions of a temporary legislative representation.” The relationship between the constituent parts of the State Center of the UPR in exile had to be revealed in the rule-making process and in the formation of the Government. The political responsibility of the Government to the Ukrainian National Council and the President of the UPR was envisaged. The Government’s accountability to the Ukrainian National Council and control over the UNR President were established. The UNR President was vested with the right to dissolve the Ukrainian National Council at the suggestion of the Government. The authorities formed on the basis of this normative act had the status of public and performed functions in international, normative, political, scientific and other spheres.

Protection of intellectual property rights in the field of national security and defense of Ukraine

It is considered the formation of an economic-legal mechanism for the protection of intellectual property rights in the field of national security and defense of Ukraine and it is substantiated that this mechanism is a complex system in a broad sense, where there is a combination of integrated innovative activity of the state scientific and production structures of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine with the Ukrainian National Office of Intellectual Property and Innovations in the direction of protection of intellectual property rights, and also it has a basis of innovativeness (innovative-intellectual activity) taking into account the relevant principles and priorities. The effectiveness of the mechanism in the conditions of creating an innovative and intellectual environment in the field of defense with the cycle «science – technics – technology – production – defense» is determined as a targeted combination of highly qualified leading specialists and scientists in the appropriate organizational-functional and technical-technological production structure, which is aimed at innovative-intellectual activity and technical-technological entrepreneurship, where the economic component is taken into account – receiving remuneration during the commercialization of intellectual property rights objects in the form of profit, royalties, combined payment, which are intended to stimulate the subjects of right to protect intellectual property rights. Attention is focused on the activities of subjects that have violated intellectual property rights in the aspect of the directions of violations. These directions allow us to look for effective ways of countering such activities in the field of national security and defense of Ukraine. It is noted that the formation of an economic and legal mechanism for the protection of intellectual property rights in the sphere of national security and defense of Ukraine will contribute to effective countermeasures against violations of property rights of intellectual property in this important field of activity. Important criteria for the effectiveness of the protection of intellectual property rights are outlined, which are: the level of professionalism and personal responsibility of judges, the level of creative thinking and creativity of judges, the level of court independence, the level of software, organizational, personnel, legal and information support of the court apparatus. Arguably, the lack of appropriate legislative regulation and experience in the commercialization of military and defense technologies and equipment using IPPR is pointed out in Ukraine, creates opportunities for violations of property rights of intellectual property, which lead not only to the lack of effective protection of the rights of IPPR subjects, but also affect on the defense capability of the state. The economic and legal mechanism for the protection of intellectual property rights in the field of national security and defense of Ukraine is presented, which requires coordination of the efforts of all subjects authorized to protect and protect intellectual property. It is noted that the development of the sphere of intellectual property has a decisive influence on the state of national security, which is linked to organizational measures to neutralize internal sources of threats and protect against external threats to national security.

Innovation and interculturalism are important features of future teachers' training in modern society

The processes of globalization, the formation of a post-industrial society, the European integration aspirations of Ukraine and the integration of the Ukrainian education system into the European educational space set the pedagogical science the task of bringing the traditional scientific apparatus into line with the system of pedagogical concepts generally accepted in Europe. The developing Ukrainian society needs highly educated people with appropriate professional and general competences who can independently make responsible decisions in a choice situation, predicting their possible consequences, capable of cooperation, distinguished by mobility, dynamism, constructiveness, a developed sense of responsibility for the fate of the country. Decisions and programs aimed at the implementation of scientific achievements, civilizational and cultural trends are implemented through the activities of subjects who perceive them. In this connection, the level of requirements of modern society for the activity and training of teachers in higher education institutions is increasing. Strengthening the integrative and cultural status of education dictates the need to train pedagogical staff capable of realizing its cultural focus. The needs of modern educational practice create the need for cross-cultural training of the future teacher of the Ukrainian language and literature, who not only acts as a mediator between the student and culture, but also contributes to the formation of the young generation's readiness to live and act in an open intercultural space of general civilization.

The religious dimension of Russia's war against Ukraine: the context of national security

The author highlights the current problems of the Ukrainian state in the context of Russia's large-scale war against Ukraine. The importance of studying the religious factor and its impact on Ukraine's national security is substantiated. It is shown how, with the “spiritual” support of its original assistant, the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC), the Moscow Patriarchate in Ukraine in the guise of the so-called Ukrainian Orthodox Church (UOC-MP) has been actively proclaiming the “gathering of Russian lands” for decades. This “hostile tandem” has been building a “Russian world” on Ukrainian territory with intolerance to everything Ukrainian, pursuing a collaborationist policy in Ukraine, lobbying for Russia's interests, and becoming an important tool for influencing the minds of a large number of people. With the restoration of the independence of the Ukrainian state, Orthodoxy was supposed to become a consolidating factor in the creation of the Ukrainian nation. Instead, for decades, the UOC-MP has been constantly deconsolidating Ukrainian society, sowing church discord, and discrediting Ukraine's political and spiritual leadership in the international arena. Such activities have resulted in not only the territorial but also the spiritual occupation of our country. It is concluded that the concept of the “Russian world”, cultivated for years in Ukraine by the Kremlin through its “Orthodox” structures of the Russian Orthodox Church and the UOC-MP, was mainly the basis for the invasion of Ukrainian territories by the occupiers, which later escalated into a large-scale national liberation war in 2022. The study used data from sociological services, official documents of church institutions, and analyzed Ukrainian legislation on related issues. Certain provisions of the study can be used to further analyze the activities and spheres of influence of the Moscow Patriarchate in order to prevent similar tragedies in the future.

Biographical Dictionary of the Clergy of the Stanislaviv (Ivano-Frankivsk) Diocese - Metropolitanate of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (1885–2020). Part 3: Biograms for the letter "A", issue 3

The purpose of the article is to publish fragments of a biographical dictionary - biographies of priests with the letter "A". Research methodology: biographical and prosopographical methods are outlined as the main ones in the process of implementing this project. The scientific novelty is that the publication of the second part of the series of biographies (biographical notes) of representatives of the clergy of the Stanislaviv Diocese under the letter "A" has been carried out. This publication includes the biographies of such persons as Andriishyn Mykhailo (1876–1938) and Andriishyn Yakiv (1845–1918). Conclusions: The reconstruction of the biographies of Greek Catholic priests (on the letter "A"), based on a significant source base, proves their active activity not only in the church and religious, but also in the political, public, economic and cultural spheres of the life of the Ukrainian people.

Chronicle of the scientific life of the Ivano-Frankivsk Academy Ivana Zolotoustoho in 2023-2024

In the difficult circumstances of modern life, due to the conditions of martial law in Ukraine, the staff of the Ivano-Frankivsk Academy of St. John Chrysostom continued to combine scientific and educational work, practical activities and liturgical life at the beginning of the 2023/2024 academic year, aimed at forming a young generation of theological specialists, primarily future priests and teachers of spiritual and moral disciplines, as well as nurturing the scientific and cultural heritage of the Ukrainian nation.

Ukrainian Economy in the Era of Digital Branding: Risks and Opportunities

In the global digital economy, this study examines how digital branding affects the competitiveness and market growth of Ukrainian businesses. The study uses a meta-analysis of 50 quantitative studies to determine the effectiveness of digital branding strategies. It focuses on key areas including data analytics, personalized marketing, and reaching a global market. A thorough search strategy was used to find relevant studies that had been published in peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings, and other academic works. The digital archives of the Ukrainian National Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were some of the databases that were searched. The keywords that were searched for included "digital branding," "Ukraine," "online consumer behaviour," "data privacy in digital marketing," "digital marketing strategies," "branding challenges in emerging markets," and others that were similar. To ensure the reliability and validity of these findings, a rigorous grading methodology was employed. Studies were assessed based on their sample size, research design, and the robustness of their statistical analyses. The grading process allowed for the categorization of studies into different quality tiers, ensuring that the meta-analysis drew primarily from high-quality sources. This approach strengthens the confidence in the effect sizes reported. Digital branding makes a big difference in the market and in getting people to interact with a brand. For example, targeted marketing through data analytics has an overall effect size of 0.56, and personalized digital experiences have an effect size of 0.60. However, the study also finds numerous problems, especially when it comes to data security. An effect size of 0.51 shows that problems related to privacy are concerning, and an effect size of 0.46 demonstrates a lack of trust in companies. These results show that Ukrainian businesses need to take strong steps to protect customer data and follow clear business practices. The study found that digital branding can help Ukraine's economy grow, but the pros and cons must be carefully weighed against the need for proactive risk management. This study has a lot to teach businesses and policymakers who want to make their digital branding strategies better for long-term economic growth.

Impact of Russia- Ukraine War on Indian Economy

In this day and age, few individuals have considered making war predictions. Still, it is taking place. Both the global economy and the people of Ukraine are suffering as a result of something they have never done in their lives. Ukraine was attacked by Russia on February 24, 2022. Since then, Russia has been the target of criticism from other nations as a whole, and now, other nations have united against Russia, greatly impacting the global economy. My research attempts to determine how the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine has influenced India's international commerce, what effects it has had on the country's future, and what other patterns the Indian economy will likely follow as a result of this conflict. I'll examine India's international commerce with Russia and Ukraine during the last five years and attempt to research how a conflict would affect trade in the future. We believe that this study article will aid in the understanding of the global impact of this conflict by the scholarly community.

Integrated Assessment of Disturbed Ecosystems Using Remote Sensing Technique

Introduction. Today, there is a need for a shared vision of restoration of disturbed ecosystems, which is defined as “the process of stopping and reversing degradation, leading to improved ecosystem services and restoration of biodiversity.”Problem Statement. The assessment and restoration of disturbed ecosystems has become especially relevant for the Ukrainian society now, as warfare has caused large-scale changes in environment and both short-term and long-term consequences for ecosystems in Ukraine.Purpose. Assessment of ecosystems disturbed as a result of warfare impact by remote sensing.Materials and Methods. Multispectral satellite imagery, ground truth data and ecosystems characteristics of study area have been used. Remotely sensed data processing, geospatial modelling, and mathematical statistics have been applied.Results. A warfare impact on the ecosystems of Ukraine has been overviewed. Possibility of using remote sensing methods have been considered; their advantages and disadvantages have been generalized. A demo example of the described technique for assessing the ecosystem conditions along the E40 highway on the west of Kyiv has been shown with the use of multi-time satellite imagery of very high resolution (0.5 m on the ground) between May 2020 and March 2022. The analysis of the obtained maps allows us to assess short-term changes in land cover: a decrease in the area of water bodies, coniferous and leafy plants, an increase in the open soil area. The ecosystem conditions map of the studied area enables identifying plots of high risk.Conclusions. Integrated remote assessment of the condition of disturbed ecosystems and geospatial analysis of corresponding risks are useful tools for the territory management. Remote sensing techniques are particularly important in the context of largescale warfare. In many cases, only remote sensing techniques can provide information on the condition of ecosystems that areinaccessible or dangerous for ground-based research. Currently, the proposed approach has been elaborated and tested over other territories, different ecosystems and other data sources. Completed and tested integral geo-information technology will be relevant for the post-war recovery of the territory of Ukraine. Further research should be focused on building a pool of quantitative models for probabilistic assessment of the risk of disruption of various ecosystems under diff erent conditions, as well as on obtaining an array of statistical data to increase the reliability of the resulting maps.

Space of perception of holidays by Ukrainians: towards the possibilities of conceptualization

The article is devoted to the study of the perceptual space of the functioning of the holiday in Ukrainian society. The authors refer to the materials of the multi-year survey-omnibus KІIS with the aim of analyzing the differentiation of distances and relationships between a number of religious, secular, and state holidays in Ukrainian society using the method of multidimensional scaling. The article proposes its own conception of the space of perception, built on a number of known concepts of social perception. Proposing hypotheses regarding the potential axes of spatial structuring is carried out using the work of such sociologists and anthropologists as representatives of the College of Sociology (J. Bataille, R. Caillois), classical sociology (E. Durkheim) and carnival theory (M. Bakhtin). At the conceptual level, the authors take into account the dialectic of unity and struggle of individual and collective, sacred and profane, rational and irrational, public and intimate, etc. in the holiday. Within the framework of the analysis, the authors identified and described the axes that are stable and reproduced in all years of the KІIS omnibus survey, which the authors designate as "rational modernity - irrational archaic" and "publicity - privacy". The authors pay special attention to the dynamics of the holidays selected for analysis; they refer to the holidays that demonstrate the greatest "movements" in space over the years. Considerable attention is paid to attempts to explain the reasons for such dynamics, which the authors look for in externalities relative to public awareness of holidays (political events, pandemic (self) isolation, cultural processes, social phenomena, etc.). Among the holidays, the authors receive special attention Trinity, Victory Day (May 9), Independence Day of Ukraine, Defender's Day, New Year, Christmas, International Women's Day, which, firstly, turned out to be the most sensitive to the factors of dynamics specified by the authors, and - the second - the most dynamic and sociologically demonstrative. A number of prospects for further research of this topic are proposed, starting from what the authors have already achieved in this article.

Trends of changes of national-civic identity during the war: narrative analysis

Today, in sociological discourse, there is a consensus regarding the formation of a consolidated national identity in Ukrainian society, in which the civil and ethnic elements are indivisible. Studies of changes in national-civil identities in the context of a hybrid and full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war record an increase in the number of those who self-identify as citizens of Ukraine. However, it is unclear how these changes occurred and what happens to those who previously had such an identity. The purpose of this article is to document changes in national-civic self-identification under the influence of war at the personal level. Fragments of 38 in-depth interviews conducted in March-April and September-October 2023 with forced migrants were used as empirical material. Some of the informants continued to remain abroad at the time of the survey, while others returned home. From the narratives about how the war changed their lives, a number of episodes were identified that described the changes that occurred in the awareness and experience of national-civic identity. Changes were recorded in the components of social identification as: self-categorization; evaluation; importance; attachment and sense of interdependence; social embeddedness ; behavioral involvement. During the analysis, the following trends were identified: 1 — a change in the place of national-civic identity among other group affiliations, its transition to the place of the dominant self-identification; 2 — strengthening a positive attitude towards national-civic identity both from within, at the personal level, and from the outside, on the part of other national communities; 3 — strengthening the importance of national-civil self-identification due to its awareness, transformation of hidden importance into explicit one; 4 — increased emotional attachment due to an increased feeling that the fate of the group and personal fate are inseparable; unifying own sense of “I” with the group “We”; 5 — strengthening social inclusion against the backdrop of a general increase in interpersonal support; 6 — growth of behavioral practices (linguistic, cultural, volunteer) aimed at strengthening national-civic identity.

Features of preventing abuse of authority or official position committed by public servants

Corruption in Ukraine is recognized as a threat to national interests, sustainable development and European integration. Despite the significant efforts made by the state and international institutions to overcome corruption in the main spheres of public life, its level still remains high. When defining the essence of corruption, one should first of all proceed from the fact that it cannot be reduced to any specific socially dangerous act, to a specific offense. Corruption is the result of the historical development of society and the state, including Ukrainian society and the Ukrainian state. At the same time, in the last decade, corruption in Ukraine gained an unprecedented scope and influence on political, economic and other social processes. It іs found that the problems of countering corruption in Ukraine in many respects coincide with similar problems in other countries. This coincidence is caused by the same social essence of corruption as the corrosion of power, which consists in the abuse by officials of state authorities and local self-government bodies of power or official position for selfish or other personal interests. Regardless of the differences in the state system, the main socio-economic prerequisites of corruption are the same in principle for all countries − the imperfection of the mechanism of the exercise of power, the desire of subjects endowed with power to use this power for personal purposes, and the main directions of combating corruption − restrictions, neutralization and elimination of its social prerequisites, causes and conditions of corrupt acts, determination of restrictions and prohibitions for civil servants, establishment of responsibility for their violation. The reduction of corruption to a certain type of offense by a certain part of scientists and practitioners is one of the most significant mistakes in the understanding of corruption. Corruption is a social phenomenon that has social conditions, social patterns of development and exerts a negative influence on social processes. Existing in society and being a product of social relations, it permeates various social spheres of society, deforming social relations in different ways.

The moral and strategic clarity of supporting Ukraine’s self-defense: Why accepting Russian colonialism should remain a taboo

In response to Toal’s article “The Territorial Taboo: Explaining the Public Aversion to Negotiations in the Ukraine War Support Coalition”, I argue that the alleged silencing of those who push for Ukraine’s territorial concessions to Russia is an exaggerated problem. The reason why such voices are not gaining traction is because, as of summer 2024, neither Ukraine nor key European states had a majority in favor of territorial concessions. This is reassuring: it means that there is little appetite for endorsing Russian colonialism and abandoning Ukrainians on the occupied territories to Russian terror in the hope of an illusory “peace”. In contrast to the majority opinion, Toal calls for sacrificing (a part of) Ukraine in order to freeze the conflict and reduce great power tensions. To make such a colonial proposition seem palatable, Toal tries to shift the blame for the continuation of the war from Russia, the aggressor, to Ukraine, the victim. In reality, Ukrainians want peace, just not on Russia’s terms. Any settlement that does not involve the restoration of Ukraine’s territorial integrity is unjust and likely unsustainable. It would give Russia an opportunity to re-arm, extracting resources from the newly occupied Ukrainian territories. Russian officials showed no intention of abiding by any potential agreements with Ukraine, reiterating their goal of destroying the Ukrainian nation and state. Since aggression against Ukraine did not attract widespread opposition within Russia and garnered quite a few enthusiastic supporters, a change in Russian policy seemed improbable as of summer 2024. The continuation of armed resistance against the Russian invasion is Ukraine’s only choice.

CIVIC ADVOCACY CAMPAIGNS: DIRECTIONS OF INVOLVEMENT OF POLITICAL ACTIVISTS

The article is devoted to the research of civic engagement processes, which are gaining more and more publicity in world political science. Applying modern professional approaches, the author offers an explanation of the recruitment of civil advocacy through a clear political goal and connection with the current situational context. The article reveals and describes the main components of measuring the involvement of political activists within the framework of modern civil advocacy campaigns. The author reveals the mechanisms of expressing views and positions, protecting one’s rights and influencing decision-making processes at different levels of management. It is emphasized that civil advocacy covers a wide range of activities aimed at participation in political processes. The text examines advocacy campaigns in the political practice of consolidated democracies as organized events aimed at drawing attention to specific problems and achieving policy changes or raising public awareness. In the work, an appeal was also made to the qualification requirements and job duties of the leaders of civil campaigns. The article analyzes the actualization of the issue of civil advocacy in social and political innovations at the current stage. It is noted that in developed democratic countries a tendency to pay attention to social public innovations is outlined. It has been established that the development of civil society in Ukraine involves the development of a national model of engaging citizens in conducting advocacy campaigns. Attention is paid to attracting new active participants, for whom public advocacy campaigns become a factor in forming an environment of collaboration and expanding the circle of social communication. Emphasis is placed on the continuous inclusion of individuals and groups in activities aimed at improving the public environment and forming conscious public leadership and an atmosphere of social success. In the final part of the article, the author emphasizes that effective public involvement involves a variety of approaches. It was concluded that the decisive factor that prompts citizens to take a proactive position and participate in civil advocacy campaigns are pragmatic needs and ideas about achieving a state of satisfaction of requirements.

Project-based learning as a means of forming leadership qualities in senior preschool children

The relevance of this research is determined by the modern demands of Ukrainian society for the formation of motivated, responsible citizens who can successfully fulfil leadership roles. The aim of the study was to find an answer to the question of how project-based learning contributes to the development of leadership qualities in older preschool children. The research employed structural-functional, terminological, humanistic, genetic, activity-functional, and competency-based approaches, as well as general scientific logical methods (analysis, the unity of induction and deduction, modelling, and systematisation). Leadership qualities (independence, initiative, creativity, responsibility, communicativeness, organisational skills, partnership, empathy) were defined as components of leadership as a child’s social competence. It is shown that project-based learning involves the organisation of children’s activities to create a project, which is based on the need to solve a life problem, achieve a certain goal, to obtain a specific result through the sequential solution of current tasks. Project-based learning aligns with the demands of the modern age, expanding the space for children’s creativity, stimulating thinking, boosting motivation, and enabling educators and children to be partners, avoiding displays of dominance. Project-based learning successfully fosters leadership qualities such as communicativeness, organisational skills, partnership, and empathy in senior preschool children, as it is built on group interaction with its inherent phenomena of role distribution, communication, and mutual understanding. By modelling the process of solving real-life problems during the project, children develop leadership qualities such as independence, initiative, creativity, and responsibility. The specific capabilities of project-based learning in developing leadership qualities lie in providing opportunities for children to exhibit leadership qualities in interactions with both peers and adults; fostering various types of leadership (communicative and business, formal and informal, etc.) and the acquisition of different leadership roles (organiser, expert, idea generator, communicator); and preventing “negative” leader traits such as arrogance, dominance, and egocentrisms

Концепція національної ідентичності в художньому світопросторі Олекси Стороженка

National identity and its portrayal in literature is a pressing issue today that demands thorough examination. This relevance arises from the current socio-cultural situation, which necessitates an understanding of Ukrainian national identity’s foundations and the influences shaping the nation’s development. This article explores the components of national identity and elucidates the concept of "national identity", examining the state of research on this issue in both global and domestic contexts. The study focuses on how Oleksa Storozhenko’s artistic heritage reflects the peculiarities of the Ukrainian nation through language, daily life, history, worldview, mentality, and the interplay of time and space. Special attention is given to his prose works written in Ukrainian, highlighting typical images of Ukrainians who embody distinct national traits. The article also examines Storozhenko’s position and his self-identification as a representative of conscious Ukrainianism.

Standing strong: War-related challenges in Ukrainian biomedical research and opportunities for support.

The prolonged war in Ukraine is having a strong impact on all sectors of the Ukrainian society, including biomedical research. Although the material and psychological conditions are challenging, the country and its researchers are courageously managing to continue their activities. This perspective paper describes the multiple challenges faced by Ukrainian biomedical researchers during wartime and outlines strategies to support and enhance collaboration with the global scientific community. Ukraine has a rich scientific history and modern expertise in biomedical research, and developing more international collaborations with Ukraine can have mutual benefits for all involved parties.

Evolution of Diplomatic Relations between the Ukrainian People’s Republic and the Polish Republic: From Establishment to Break (November 1918 - March 1921)

Evolution of Diplomatic Relations between the Ukrainian People’s Republic and the Polish Republic: From Establishment to Break (November 1918 - March 1921)