Ukrainian Names Research Articles

On streamlining the Ukrainian names of plants. Informa­tion 9. Writing the names of plant varieties as objects of scientific and agricultural activities

Purpose. To conduct the historical analysis of the practice of writing varieties names and other denominations of cultiva­ted plants and development of relevant international rules and recommendations. Results. The need to normalize the names of cultivated plants has matured in the horticultural environment more than a century and a half ago and was realized by the development of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. During that period, the Code was expanded and improved, and now the IXth edition of the nomenclatural rules is valid. This nomenclature code has no legal status and is based on the voluntary consent of specialists to follow it for nomenclature stability, which is extremely important in international communication among scientists and businesspersons. International agreements for protection of plant breeder’s rights have been signed that is legally effective. Relevant rules have been developed governing the features of the creation, registration and operation of names of varieties and trademarks that relate to varieties as commercial objects.Conclusions. The rules developed by horticulturists and botanists for naming cultivated plants have some differences with the rules for denomination of varieties as objects of intellectual property, which should be resolved for harmonization and increasing the effectiveness of scientific and economic activities. Knowledge of the nomenclature code and UPOV documents will assist the breeder in his professional activity.

Народні українські назви ссавців у праці В. Ф. Ніколаєва «Матеріали до української наукової термінології» (1918)

Народні українські назви ссавців у праці В. Ф. Ніколаєва «Матеріали до української наукової термінології» (1918)

On streamlining the Ukrainian names of plant varieties. Information 7. Fruit crops names

Мета . Проаналізувати українські назви плодових культур, сорти яких проходять науково-технічну експертизу. Результати . Назви плодових культур утворюють окрему термінологічну систему на основі однослівних назв плодових рослин. Назви нових інтродукованих плодових культур зазвичай запозичують з мови тієї країни, де культура виникла й звідки вона поширилася, або на основі латинської родової назви. Висновки . Зареєстровані в Україні сорти плодових рослин можна розподілити між 48 культурами. Формування назв плодових культур розпочалося за прадавніх часів і триває донині. Назви культур, як правило, є однослівними; двослівні бувають як виняток, у них прикметник передує іменнику Назви плодових культур і назви ботанічних таксонів є специфічними, належать до різних термінологічних систем і виконують різні функції.

Вітчизняна номенклатура надродового рівня птахів світу

Вітчизняна номенклатура надродового рівня птахів світу

Українські назви надродових таксонів мохоподібних України

Українські назви надродових таксонів мохоподібних України

On streamlining the Ukrainian names of plants. Information 7. Spelling the names of plant varieties.

Purpose. To analyse the practice of transliteration of the Ukrainian cultivar names and rendering foreign names by means of the Ukrainian language, as well as special aspects of cultivar names spelling in special literature. Results. Cultivar names as a special category require preservation of primary graphics or sound type in the other language. This can be achieved by direct inclusion of the original name to the Ukrainian text or by practical transcribing, but not by transliteration or translation. Otherwise, Ukrainian names should be transliterated for inclusion to the texts in Latin characters. Transcription/transliteration in both directions is performed from the source language, though, as practice shows, in some Ukrainian publications the Russian is wrongly used as an intermediary language. Some national scientific publications ignore the recommendations of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants that is not conducive to the success of scientific communication in the globalized world. Conclusions. The foreign names of plant varieties should be entered into the Ukrainian text keeping the original spelling or by means of practical transcription. The loan of foreign names is performed by transcribing directly from the source language; if the language doesn’t have the Latin alphabet, Latinized name transcription is acceptable. Recommendations of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants that concern graphic highlighting of the cultivar names in the text enclosing them in single quotation marks and writing each word of a cultivar name with a capital letter should necessarily be applied in the foreign-language publications and extended to the Ukrainian special literature, at least, in terms of the use of single quotation marks. Ukrainian names should be transliterated only in accordance with the regulations.

On streamlining the Ukrainian names of plants. Information 6. Names of some subtribe Malinae Reveal taxa (information 6)

Purpose. To analyse the Ukrainian nomenclature of subtribe Malinae representatives and improve terminological system of the Ukrainian names of a species and a generic levels and names of fruit crops. Results. There is a confusion in the Ukrainian names of plants of Cydonia-Chaenomeles–Pseudocydonia, Mespilus–Eriobotrya, Amelanchier–Cotoneaster. Considering the division of Sorbus s.l. on separate genera Sorbus s.str., Aria, Cormus, Chamaemespilus, Torminalis and availability of numerous hybrids with their involvement, the Ukrainian names for both taxa and nothotaxa of species and generic levels are offered, principles of their choice are also considered. Formation of the Ukrainian generic names on the basis of specific epithets leads to undesirable tautonomy. Aspects of derussification of the Ukrainian professional terminology are discussed. Conclusions. Ukrainian scientific generic and nothogeneric plant names for subtribe Malinae are transliterated/transcripted, borrowed as a calque of latin names or have their own origin, consisting of one or two words. The choice of the best variants of generic and species names from a number of possible ones has a temporal component and largely depends on experts who apply them and basic principles of choice. It is necessary to improve the modern Ukrainian plant nomenclature on a national basis involving the transformed Latin scientific names for introduced species and hybrids.

On streamlining the Ukrainian names of plants. Information 5. Species names for pome fruit crops

Мета . Проаналізувати сучасну класифікацію й номенклатуру видів зерняткових культур, сорти яких занесено до Державного реєстру сортів рослин, придатних до поширення в Україні, та вдосконалити термінологічну систему українських назв видів і садових культур. Результати. Плодові сорти й більшість клонових підщеп яблуні належать до Malus pumila , декоративні сорти – до Malus  gloriosa . Найуживанішою науковою назвою культурної яблуні, особливо в садівничих колах, є M alus domestica , хоч за принципом пріоритету перевагу має назва Malus pumila . Оскільки Номенклатурний комітет з судинних рослин відхилив пропозицію консервування назви M alus domestica , Malus pumila залишається правильною назвою культурної яблуні. Синонімічну назву M alus domestica не варто вживати в наукових і науково-популярних працях, що сприятиме стабілізації номенклатури. Сорти груші в Державному реєстрі сортів рослин України представлено Pyrus communis , підщепи груші – Cydonia oblonga . Плодові сорти останньої належать до окремої культури – айви. Айвово-яблуневий гібрид зареєстровано як універсальну клонову підщепу зерняткових культур. До Держаного реєстру сортів рослин України занесено також сорти нетрадиційних плодових культур хеномелесу й глоду, що складаються з декількох видів і нотовидів. Висновки . У наукових публікаціях варто припинити вживати синонімічну назву Malus domestica на користь правильної назви культурної яблуні Malus pumila . Сорти яблуні, груші й хеномелесу, що занесені до Державного реєстру сортів рослин, придатних до поширення в Україні, мають складне багатовидове походження, в той час як сорти айви, глоду й підщеп груші в систематичному відношенні є моновидовими. Універсальна підщепа зерняткових культур – цидол, або яблунеайва, походить від міжродової гібридизації айви з яблунею. Вилучення з ужитку застарілих назв видів плодових рослин сприятиме гармонізації фахової мови.

On streamlining the Ukrainian names of plants. Information 4. Taxonomic diversity and species names for the genus Fragaria L.

Purpose. Reviewing a history of formation and current state of the national nomenclature and streamlining the Ukrainian scientific species names for the genus Fragaria L. Results. Controversial attitudes towards the use of names «sunytsi» (= garden strawberry) and «polunytsi» (= hill strawberry) are inherently present in the Ukrainian nomenclature of the genus Fragaria L. The Ukrainian scientific names of species of this group of plants should be brought into line with the generic name “Sunytsi” in plural. Nothogeneric name x Fragophora Mezhenskyj (= Dasiphora Rafin. x Fragaria L.) is proposed. Conclusions. In a professional environment it is necessary to use only scientific names of species of the genus Fragaria – Sunytsi (= garden strawberry) that is used in plural in Ukrainian. Concerning garden strawberry, in every day life and popular literature the usage of a derivative sunytsia (in Ukrainian) in singular as well as polunytsia, polunytsi (in Ukrainian) may be permissible.

Ukrainian names of bryophytes

Ukrainian names of bryophytes

Considering issue of regulating of Ukrainian names of plants. Communication 1. Names for Vaccinium species

Nomenclature of genus Vaccinium considered, as well as the application of names for indigenous and introduced species and denomination of fruit crops as derived from those species. System of binary species names for Vaccinium s.l. has been proposed as based on the Ukrainian generic name ‘lokhina’ that best complies with the principles for establishing generic names.

TRANSKRYPCJA CZY TRANSLITERACJA NAZWISK UKRAIŃSKICH W POLSZCZYŹNIE? Z DZIEJÓW ORTOGRAFII

The article is dedicated to the investigation of the transcription and the transliteration of Ukrainian names in Polish on the material of the press releases published in 1991 and 2012. The analysis has shown that there is a necessity to redescribe perspicuous and readable rules of transcription and transliteration of Ukrainian antroponims.

Refinement of the Ukrainian Names of Mineral Species in the Light of Preparation of the "Mineralogical Encyclopedia of Ukraine"

Refinement of the Ukrainian Names of Mineral Species in the Light of Preparation of the "Mineralogical Encyclopedia of Ukraine"

Considering the issue of aligning Ukrainian plant names. Communication 3. Names for Ribes L. species

The nomenclature and the system of genus Ribes s.l., application of indigenous and introduced plant names, from which such commercial small fruit crops as gooseberry, black and red currant have been formed, is considered. Scientifi c names based on Ukrainian generic name Porichky are streamlined. Ukrainian names for 64 taxa at the rank of species and variety were given. For hybrids nothotaxa ×Ribelaria Mezhenskyj, nothosubg. nov. (= subg. Ribes × subg. Grossularia) and ×Сalocalyx Mezhenskyj, nothosect. nov. (= sect. Calobotrya × sect. Symplocalyx) were defi ned.

Considering the issue of aligning Ukrainian plant names. Communication 2. Names for Prunus species

The nomenclature and the system of genus Ribes s.l., application of indigenous and introduced plant names, from which such commercial small fruit crops as gooseberry, black and red currant have been formed, is considered. Scientifi c names based on Ukrainian generic name Porichky are streamlined. Ukrainian names for 64 taxa at the rank of species and variety were given. For hybrids nothotaxa ×Ribelaria Mezhenskyj, nothosubg. nov. (= subg. Ribes × subg. Grossularia) and ×Сalocalyx Mezhenskyj, nothosect. nov. (= sect. Calobotrya × sect. Symplocalyx) were defi ned.

What Do Voters in Ukraine Want? A Survey Experiment on Candidate, Language, Ethnicity and Policy Orientation

Language, ethnicity, and policy orientation toward Europe are key cleavages in Ukrainian politics, but there is much debate about their relative importance. To isolate the impact of candidate ethnicity, candidate native language, and candidate policy orientation on a hypothetical vote choice, I conducted a survey experiment of 1000 residents of Ukraine in June 2014 that manipulated three features of a fictional candidate running for parliament: 1) ethnicity as revealed by either a Russian or Ukrainian name 2) native language of Russian or Ukrainian and 3) support for closer economic ties with Russia or with Europe. The results reveal little difference in the average response to these 8 fictitious candidates despite the candidate’s different ethnicities, native language, and economic policy orientations. This seeming homogeneity masks vast differences in the responses of self-reported native speakers of Russian and Ukrainian. Analyzing the responses among Ukrainian and among Russian speakers yields considerable differences in the responses to the different candidates. Perhaps most striking is that among both native speakers of Russian and native speakers of Ukrainian a candidate’s economic policy orientation toward Europe or Russia appears to be a more important determinant of vote choice than a candidate’s language or ethnicity. That policy retains its importance for voters despite the intense politicization of both ethnicity and language and ongoing violence in eastern Ukraine suggests that vote choice in Ukraine has not been reduced to an ethnic or linguistic census.

The taxonomy of species of genus Vaccinium and their Ukrainian names

The taxonomy of species of genus Vaccinium and their Ukrainian names

POCHODZENIE, BUDOWA I FUNKCJONOWANIE UKRAIŃSKICH NAZW PODZESPOŁÓW KOMPUTEROWYCH

The article focuses on the problems of origin, functioning and structure of Ukrainian names of computer terms. The main attention has been paid to the genesis of Ukrainian computer terms, borrowings and peculiarities of their functioning in modern speech of rhe Ukrainians.

Зоогеографічні особливості поширення птахів. Частина 2. Палеогейська і Арктогейська суші

Natural separation of the Earth’s surface on lands and zoogeographic regions causes presence of demonstrative species that occur only in certain geographical latitudes. Review of avifauna of the Paleogea and Arctogea, description of significant differences in species richness and uniqueness of the zoogeographical lands, as well as the Ukrainian names of demonstrative bird species is proposed for the first time. Description of all zoogeographic regions and subregions of Notogea, Neogea, Paleogea and Arctogea is completed. Uniqueness of diversity of bird species in these regions gives us an idea about current distribution of the endemic birds and existance of natural centers of origin of animals on our planet. Keywords: Zoogeography, zoogeographical land and region, Paleogea, Arctogea, demonstrative species, bird distribution, endemic.

UKRAIŃSKIE KARY W PRAWIE KARNYM W PRZEKŁADZIE NA JĘZYK POLSKI

The bonds between Ukraine and Poland, developing collaboration also within the framework of mutual legal assistance between justice departments cause growing demand for legal translations in the field of criminal law. The absence of legal dictionaries and academic papers about Ukrainian legal terminology and the system of penalties in Ukraine leads to difficulties connected with providing equivalents by comparing parallel texts of statutes of these two countries. This paper analyses twelve types of penalties, regulated by criminal law of Ukraine, in the context of translation problems encountered in Ukrainian-Polish translation of legal texts. After presenting a brief comparison of Ukrainian and Polish regulations in different fields of law, the authors discuss the problematic issues connected with translation of the Ukrainian names of penalties, and also provide recommendations how to translate those terms effectively.