Development Of Ukrainian Language Research Articles

НАЗВИ ЧАСТИНИ ВІД ЦІЛОГО В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ МОВІ

In the article the peculiarities of use and spatial distribution of lexemes denoting parts of a whole, their variants, as well as phraseological units with such components have been researched. The Ukrainian language dictionary, modern dictionaries of dialectal speech were used as a material; for the diachronic analysis, lexicographical works of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and an etymological dictionary were used. It has been noted that Ivan Ohiienko;s dictionaries have valuable informa-tion for diachronic studies of both literary and dialectal vocabulary and phraseology, their stability or temporality of use, and description of the ways of the Ukrainian language development at many levels.Phraseological units with dialectal components encode general ideas of a person, the ability to characterise or evaluate something. In certain territories, we identify the specifi cs of not only metaphorical transfers, but also diff erences in the use of lexeme variants in colloquial speech and as part of fi xed expressions, and accents on diff erent scales of feature manifestation.It should be noted that the analysed sources help to identify the phenomena of erasure or preservation of dialectal features, in particular, it is important to fi nd out their stability at the phraseological and lexical levels. The information on the territo-rial distribution of a particular phraseological unit and its dialectal component, on interlingual relations in general and interdialect relations in particular is incomplete.It has been defi ned that the names of the part from the whole are distinguished by their local use, have variants (phonetic, word-formation, lexical, morphological), testify to the cognitive processes that connect the meaning of a free phrase with the phraseological one, and serve as a source for determining associative, ethnolinguistic and cultural bases.The analysis of the use of the studied nominations in phraseological units is only preliminary, but it shows that the widest semantic possibilities of phraseological units in general and their components in particular are revealed in the live speech of native speakers of dialects, examples of both expressions of human states and feelings and realisers of communicative potential

ENGLISH LOANS IN THE UKRAINIAN YOUTH SLANG

The article deals with the peculiarities of the English loans use in the modern Ukrainian youth slang. The tendencies of the Ukrainian language development at the beginning of the XXI century, the role of the English loanwords in the process of language globalisation are analysed. Changes in any language are activated by social processes. Modern conditions of the society development are a potential catalyst for the natural language changes, which accelerate their dynamics and make them more significant and noticeable. The youth slang is a certain language layer, which reflects its innovations. The article represents a comprehensive description of the youth slang, as one of the subsystems of the modern Ukrainian languge, the reasons of its occurrence and use. The youth slang is an integral part of any language that is considered to be more comprehensive and up-to-date. The paper presents the results of sociolinguistic research in order to identify the pecularities of the loanwords use. Fifty young people at the age of 16-23 have taken part in the experiment to determine the tendency of the English loanwords use. They have participated in a survey, where they had to determine the frequency of the English loanwords use, which have and do not have one-word equivalents in the Ukrainian language. The results have shown that the most part of the respondents use loanwords in their speech. It can be explained by linguistic and extralinguistic factors. The main hypothesis is the statement about the internationalisation of the English language in the modern language space. The results of the study have confirmed this position. The English loanwords are very popular with the youth. Most of them do not have the one-word Ukrainian equivalents and their use can be explained by the factor of language resources economy. However the significant tendency is that the English loanwords are frequently used in the Ukrainian slang. This process is connected with the phenomena of the English language globalisation.

Verbal Markers of The Concept of Peace: Psycholinguistic and Lexical Analyses

The paper is an attempt to uncover the associative semantics of the concept of ‘Peace’ as reflected in the Ukrainian national linguistic world image. The goal of the article is to carry out a psycholinguistic analysis of the concept’s verbal markers and to compare its associative and lexical meanings at the current stage of the Ukrainian language development. Free word association test involved 148 first- and second-year students of Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University (Ukraine), Faculty of Philology and Journalism, Ukrainian native speakers aged 18-20. It has been proved that responses related to common lexical meanings of the word-stimulus ‘Peace’ recorded in modern explanatory dictionaries are predominant. 105 words-responses have become the object of the analysis – 329 word-tokens in total, out of which 44 words have been used two times or more (from 2 to 59 times –268 word-tokens in total), 61 words have been used one time only. The received responses have been differentiated according to semantic and grammatical criteria. Traditional responses which coincide with the common lexical meaning, as well as new original responses which reflect the respondents’ individual experience and are non-typical (not recorded in the dictionaries), were received. The semantic principle of the concept of ‘Peace’ words-markers’ systematization was used as the basis of forming 11 lexical semantic groups. Among the most numerous are the names related to the state of environment, people’s inner world, their physical, emotional and mental state, moral and aesthetic properties (47.1%); names that verbalize relations between people, nations, states (31.9%). The groups of semantically distant responses are mainly represented by the names of concrete names, less frequently – by the names of abstract concepts and integral syntactic structures, which have no relation to any of the lexical meanings recorded in lexicographic sources. Their semantic ties can be traced at the unconscious level which reflects the psycholinguistic meaning of this word. The conducted word association test enabled defining the extension of the concept’s psycholinguistic meaning and thus to record new fragments of the Ukrainian linguistic world image caused by historical, political, and national mental processes.

I. Ohijenko über fremdsprachl iche einflüsse auf das Ukrainische

The article deals with the views of a prominent scientist and a statesman Ivan Ohiienko on the process of formation of the Ukrainian literary language as the basis of spiritual and cultural growth of the people and the conditions that contribute to the development of the united literary language. The analysis of historical and linguistic aspects of the literary language development in Ukraine and the current language situ-ation in the early twentieth century, linguist’s advice on further development of his na-tive language is especially relevant in today’s socio-economic and political conditions in Ukraine, when bilingualism remains widespread in diff erent fi elds of communica-tion and the infl uence of other languages on Ukrainian language remains signifi cant. In the works «Grammatical and stylistic dictionary of Shevchenko’s language», «Our literary language», «History of the Ukrainian literary language» and others the re-searcher covers in detail the history of the origin and development of the Ukrainian language, as well as its state, in particular, spelling, vocabulary, grammatical struc-ture. The scientist analyses the language of writers -T. Shevchenko, Marko Vovchok, M. Rylsky, etc., the language of whose works became the basis for the development of the modern Ukrainian language, describes the requirements for it, characterizes the ways of its improvement. Among the main requirements for a good literary lan-guage Ivan Ohiienko calls the correctness, clarity, purity, richness and sonority of the language. To ensure the purity and other important features of the literary Ukrainian language, the scientist considers it necessary to avoid both obsolete, spatial words, as well as words and phrases, adopted from other languages. Russisms and Polonisms spoil the Ukrainian language, although, according to I. Ohiienko, some Russisms can be considered archaisms that were still preserved in the language at that time. Only the use of foreign words, which are not easy to replace with good Ukrainian equivalents, is allowed in the literary language. I. Ohiienko himself rarely uses foreign words, words, adopted from other languages, are very rare in his works, obviously, only those that denote new concepts, his language is characterized by clarity and purity

Лексична стилістика української мови в рецепції Івана Огієнка

Ivan Ohiienko made a signifi cant contribution to the formation and development of Ukrainian language Stylistics. His reasoning on certain stylistic issues is recorded in such scientifi c investigations as «The Science of Native Language Duties», «Ukrainian Literary Language History», «Our Literary Language: How to Write and Speak in Literature», «Grammatical and Stylistic Dictionary of Shevchenko’s Language» etc.ºíêàThe purpose of our article is to determine Ivan Ohiienko’s contribution to the development of Ukrainian Language Lexical Stylistics.Among the stylistic concepts, the concepts of lexical stylistics are clearly dis-tinguished. I. Ohiienko payed attention to the stylistic load of synonyms, archaisms, neologisms, dialectisms, terms, borrowed words, vulgarisms, provincialisms, etc.The linguist argued for the need to use archaisms in the artistic style to give the text artistry, a description of a bygone era, the archaic coloring of the speech of the characters, providing teaching pathos and more. I. Ohiienko considered it appropriate to use old slavonic in the confessional style.The stylistic use of «local language» (dialectisms) is limited to the conscious use in the characters’ language, and in works of regional purpose. Unacceptable dialect words in the scientifi c style.I. Ohiienko singled out specifi c features of the use of foreign languages: in the presence of Ukrainian words-equivalents to replace borrowing; to refuse frivolous use of foreign words; do not use tracing words; in journalistic style unknown to the general public to explain other languages. The scientist was fi rmly convinced that the use of foreign words does not contribute not only to Ukrainian language development, but also to spiritual culture development in general.According to I. Ohiienko, synonyms should not only be known, but also felt, in particu-lar, the correct use of stylistic synonyms, which diff er in relation to diff erent functional styles.Thus, I. Ohiienko’s reseaches on the problems of the History Ukrainian literary language development are also important for Stylistics development.

Тенденції тa зaкoнoмiрнoстi мoвнoї пoлiтики в Укрaїнi в 1950–1960-х рр.

The authors study the language traditions and patterns of the Ukrainian language development in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in the period of 1950–1960. As part of this study the paper considers the peculiarities of the social and cultural linguistic situation in Ukraine in that time. A special attention is paid to the fact that there was a Ukrainian-Russian way of communication that was a result of the active and purposeful implementing of the Russian language into all spheres of social life of soviet Ukrainians. The authors prove that the purposeful russification, damaging and discreditation of the Ukrainian language slowed down the development of Ukrainian national culture. It has become a threat for consolidation and development of Ukrainian nation. In the result, nowadays we deal with the linguistic incompetence and the low level of realizing the national self-identity of Ukrainians who started to depend on historical realia. The study of the development of the Ukrainian language at various stages of its formation is very important. It helps to understand the causes and find ways to solve many modern language problems. Thus, an article is an actual and important scientific research. Authors study such important issues as the linguistic incompetence of Ukrainians, the existence of bilingualism, the priority of the Russian language and the influence of Russian culture, the low level of national self-awareness, national self-identity, and others. the authors made a thorough analysis of the peculiarities of the linguistic situation in Ukraine in the 1950s and 1960s, studied the content, factors and implications of the linguistic policy of Soviet power in Ukraine, outlined the prospects for future research in this field.

Turkism as a Marker of the Ukrainian Linguoculture in the 16th-17th Centuries

The cultural development cannot help displaying the language development as a whole, though it has its brightest reflection in vocabulary. There are no “pure languages” that would have evolved for over the millennia without any influence of the linguistic environment and neighbors. Ukraine's entry to the European cultural and educational sphere in the 16th-17th centuries contributed to spread and use on its territories such languages as: Ukrainian, Church Slavonic, Greek, Latin, Hebrew, Yiddish, Armenian, Turkish, Kipchat-Tatar, Polish, German, Hungarian, Moldovan, Italian, French, etc. Written sources of the Ukrainian language of the 16th-17th centuries demonstrate the results of linguistic symbiosis – borrowings from different languages, among that Turkism is quantifiable. Borrowings from the Turkic languages are presented in almost all thematic groups of vocabulary, except for the judiciary, the mental activity (mental state) of a person, their language activity, influence, and will. The majority of Turkism is represented in the military sphere, which was caused by the long wars of Ukraine with the Turkic-speaking states, and also in the field of marking imported Eastern goods, in particular the names of fabrics, clothing, dishes, spices, seasoning, etc. Most of these lexemes function in modern Ukrainian language. Ukrainian linguists have done the first steps in the context of studying Ukrainian-Turkic interaction and outlined the main periods of Turkic-speaking influence, ways of the Turkism introduction into the Ukrainian language. However, there are also some gaps in the study of this problem, such as research on the influence of Turkic languages at different chronological levels of the Ukrainian language development and their role in forming the Ukrainian linguistic world. This paper will help closing these gaps.

НІМЕЦЬКІ ЗАПОЗИЧЕННЯ В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЇ

У статті проаналізовано німецькі запозичення в українській термінології в кількох аспектах. До мовного аналізу залучено терміни німецького походження, кодифіковані в сучасних українських словниках різного типу. Розглянуто адаптування німецьких запозичень до фонетичної, морфологічної, словотвірної й лексико-семантичної систем української мови. Здійснено порівняльний аналіз семантики спеціальних мовних одиниць у тлумачних словниках української та німецької мов. Показано, що через німецьку мову в словниковому складі української мови з’явилося багато термінів з інших мов, серед яких переважають слова-латинізми й слова-грецизми. Підкреслено вплив німецької мови на становлення української й формування її як мови європейської. Ключові слова: міжмовні контакти, українська термінологія, чужомовний термін, німецьке запозичення, адаптування запозичень.

PEDAGOGICAL ACTIVITY OF PETRO KUZMYCH ZAHAIKO (1928 – 2013)

The article is devoted to elucidation of the essence and peculiarities of pedagogical activity of Ukrainian pedagogue and enlightener Petro Kuzmich Zahaiko who is famous in Ukraine and abroad as the author of more than 70 research articles, manuals and monographs, the editor of research studies and monographs in the field of teaching skills and pedagogics.It is accentuated that pedagogical activity of P. K. Zahaiko was inseparably linked with his working during almost half a century at Poltava V. G. Korolenko State Pedagogical Institute. Working at first as a lecturer and later as an assistant professor and a head of the chair of Ukrainian literature P. K. Zahaiko combined teaching, research, social and elucidative activities; investigated literature, language and pedagogical problems; contributed to the development of Ukrainian literature and promoted Ukrainian national ideas in the Poltava Region in the second half of the XX century.It is established that during different time periods P. K. Pahaiko was a head of the literary group and the literary school «Zaspiv», and a member of the institute art board and the methodics board of regional association «Knowledge»; he worked with Lviv social sciences branch of Academy of Sciences of USSR and was a member of so-called «communities» (cultural and elucidative organizations the principal purpose of which was the development of Ukrainian culture and education). For the long and distinguished education of youth the pedagogue was conferred a decoration with a badge «Excellent worker of national education of the USSR» and a medal «Labour veteran». For the achieved progress in the field of pedagogical activity, popularization of ideas and theoretical heritage of A. S. Makarenko among the students and public the pedagogue was conferred a decoration with A. S. Makarenko medal.It is proved that P. K. Zahaiko contributed to the affirmation of Ukrainian national ideas. That’s why his pedagogical activity was on the retention of national cultural valuables, the development of Ukrainian language and literature, and education of conscious citizens and patriots of Ukraine. The multilateral activity of pedagogue and enlightener was one of the powerful factors of Ukrainian national and cultural revival in the second part of the XX century.

ЗАПОЗИЧЕННЯ ЯК ДЕТЕРМІНАНТА ДИНАМІКИ ЛЕКСИКОНУ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ XVI–XVII СТ.

The language situation in Ukraine in the XVI–XVII centuries by V. Nimchuk definition, was «the most complicated in Europe (if not worldwide)», because the languages «manifested the competition of different ideologies and political-economic systems. Languages were opposing worlds and harbingers of a new world view birth, or the concept of the world» (I. Farion). In the researched period in Ukraine different languages were developed and used: Ukrainian, Church Slavonic, Greek, Latin, Hebraic, Yiddish, Armenian, Turkish, Kipchak-Tatar, Polish, German, Hungarian, Italian, French and others. The result of the language interaction became the lexical borrowings, the amount of which was increased in the XVI–XVII centuries, that was caused by both intralingual and external reasons. It is important to outline the types of changes of the dynamics of Ukrainian lexicon of study period to determine the influence mechanisms of borrowings on the structure of the language-recipient.The purpose. Article is dedicated to explanation of extralingual factors of development of lexicon Ukrainian language of XVI–XVII ct., role of borrowings in this process and their coexistence with native lexic. Changes of lexic of thematical groups of names of persons by their job of kind of business, which were in XVI–XVII ct., are analized. This lexic reflects state of development of craft and industry in Ukraine in period, which being invesigated, and witnesses level of economical, legal, political and cultural development, presence of own and adopted crafts.Research methods. General scientific methods (induction, deduction, analysys, synthesis), special linguistic methods (descriptional, linguo-cultural, systematic-classicifical) and quantity calculation approach are used in this work.Main results of study. Ukrainian literal sources of XVI–XVII ct. prove borrowings from Latin, Greek, Church-Slavic, Polish, German, Italian, French, Hungarian, Romanian, Lituanian, Dutch, Russian, Belorussian, Chekh, Arabian and Turkish languages. These lexems got into Ukrainian language either direct or with mediatory of other languages, most Polish or Chekh, wich was caused by complex lingual or extralingual factors.Scientific novelty of research results. Adoptions as an element of development of Ukrainian lexicon of XVI–XVII ct. made different impact to the development of particular TGL and LSG, which was caused by chain of lingual and extralingual factors and caused multidimention of TGL and non-uniform dencity of outer lexic inside them. Saturation of particular ideographic spheres by borrowings depended on many reasons, in particular, from state of development of corresponding TGL and LSG, actuality of shpere of nomination by itself, existence (and their quantity) of native semantic dublets. Linguists-historicians has different quantity of using of words, remote by time, which allows us to extract particular meanings or their shades from their basement. A linguist is bound to outgoing material, which does not allow him to reach completeness of modelling of lexicon dynamic. Conclusions and specific suggestions of the autor. It’s notices, that using of achievemnts of dialectology, archeology, ethnography, history, folkloristics will allow to contribute significant amends into understanding of specifics of development of Ukrainian language in XVI–XVII ct. Investigation of Ukrainian language realm in diachrony through the prism of literal sources forces an activisation of new lexicographic studies. Creation of array of texts is an important step in modern Ukrainian lexicographic studies, because it supports complex investigation of language material, it’s availability to specialists in different spheres of knowledge

The productivity of secondary verbs in artistic prose of the twentieth century. (based on the works of Y. Yanovsky, M. Stelmakh, O. Honchar)

The productivity of word-building verbs is observed. About 1200 units of verbal lexemes are involved by the method of a fragmentary sample from the works of M. Stelmakh, Y. Yanovsky (novel in the short stories “Riders”), and the novel “The Cathedral” by O. Gonchar. The fiction of these writers demonstrates the emergence of the Ukrainian-language word-formation tradition at various stages of historical development, as well as the classic examples of idiostyle, which still remain the objects of linguistic analysis. The purpose of the paper is to explore the word-building models of verbs in the 20th-century fiction. The task of the article — to compare the models of the different types of verbs in the novels, which have been mentioned. There are strong reasons to say that the constancy of the word-formation models of the verb corps is the main source of enreaching all functional styles's vocabulary in the modern Ukrainian language. It is anticipated that this trend will affect the development of Ukrainian language in the future. Therefore, the relevance of the study is not only in the scientific analysis of representations of certain periods of the functioning of language, but also in determining the laws of its further development. The productivity of verb-formation types of the verbs on the fiction prose has been examined. The role of secondary verbs with multistructural formants for the explication of actions, states, processes, and their dynamics in the fiction text has been determined. The role and the meaning of formants in verbal models creating have been shown. The attention has been focused on the verbal affixes in fiction. The role of word-formation formants for transferring of productivity of action, process, and state has been recorded.

COMPOUND ADJECTIVES WITH THE FIRST PART BLAHO- AND THE SECOND VERBAL COMPONENT IN THE HISTORY OF UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE

The semantic and structural analysis of the compound adjectives with the first part blaho- and the second verbal component found in the monuments of Ukrainian language of the 11–20th centuries is implemented in the article. In particular their origin and ways of borrowing were traced, the semantics and word-formative structure in the different periods of the Ukrainian language development were determined, the stylistic function and peculiarities of use were found out.Most of the composites with the first component blaho- were found in the monuments of the 11–13th centuries which is primarily due to the religiosity of the entire culture of that time. Much less of such composites were found in the old Ukrainian (Ruthenian) days while their almost complete absence can be stated in modern Ukrainian literary language. This phenomenon is quite motivated. The analyzed composites being initially the book elements were alien to the living folk language, therefore they did not "assimilate" to it.

Детермінологізація як засіб неосемантизації термінів у художньому стилі сучасної української мови

У статті здійснено спробу комплексного аналізу активних детермінологічних процесів на новітньому етапі розвитку української мови, проаналізовано термінологічні одиниці та перехідні явища в прозі Галини Тарасюк (термінологізації, детермінологізації та метафоризації (тобто набуття нового значення) термінів).