Higher Educational Institutions Of Ukraine Research Articles

СHERNOZEM SCIENCE - THE SCIENCE ABOIT CHERNOZEM

The article outlines views on the modern scientific and practical significance of chernozem, emphasizing its special role in the history of science and humanity. The main attention is paid to the issues of geographical distribution, genesis, composition, structure, properties, rational use, restoration, preservation and protection. Problems related to the manifestation of degradation processes are considered: erosion, deflation, compaction, dehumification, destructuring, etc. Emphasis is placed on the role and importance of chernozems in the world of soils as a phenomenon of nature, ideal soil, feeder and means of work. In the Cenozoic period, three events stand out - not destructive, but creating, large in their progressive consequence. In the world of plants, this is the development of angiosperm families and genera, and among them cereals, which played a prominent role in the composition of specific herbaceous and cereal phytocenoses, and later in the food base of humans and domestic animals. Mammals began to predominate in the animal world, primates appeared, as a result of their long evolution, the first humanoids appeared already in the anthropogenic period. In the world of soils, the formation of chernozems began. The initial stage is the expansion of cereals and the formation on extensive, but mainly loess plains of meadow and grass-cereal steppes, under which chernozems began to form - soils of the "gathering" type, in contrast to the already existing podzolic and feralitic soils of the "dispersive" type, which are characterized by weak accumulation humus and dispersion - removal of chemical elements - biogens and many trace elements. Based on the analysis of extensive scientific research and publications about chernozem and its importance in society, it is expedient to develop a doctrine about chernozem and to single out a separate direction in the development of the science of soil science - chernozemology. Black geology is a field of soil science that studies the formation (genesis), structure, composition and properties, patterns of geographical distribution, processes of interaction with the external environment, which determine the formation and development of the main property - fertility, ecological and social functions, aesthetic value, ways of rational use, reproduction, preservation and protection. The question of chernozem and its degradation in the modern world is not only agronomic, ecological, economic, legal, aesthetic, but also political. Radical and tough decisions are needed so that the quiet crisis of the planet does not turn into a loud one in the foreseeable future. Evaluating the global importance of chernozem in the world of soils, it is advisable to develop a special course "Chernozem Science" for students of natural and agricultural specialties of higher educational institutions of Ukraine. Key words: chernozem, natural phenomenon, degradation, erosion, morphology, properties, ideal of perfection, aesthetic value.

Improving Quality of Administration Process in HEIs: Professional Competence Perceived by Academic Staff in Ukraine

Abstract Research purpose. The research purpose of this paper was to explore the evaluation of skills by academic staff to improve the quality of the administration process in higher education institutions (HEIs) from two perspectives. Firstly, the authors investigated whether there are statistically significant differences between the genders of academic staff in higher education institutions regarding the evaluation of their skills and competencies. Secondly, the study aimed to determine if there are statistically significant differences in competencies perceived between academic staff of STEM sciences and those with academic experience in other sciences in terms of assessing their professional competencies. The purpose was determined by the impact of self-assessment of professional competencies on the improvement of administrative processes. Design / Methodology / Approach. The survey, using the authors` developed questionnaire, was distributed in Ukraine from 2019 to 2023. 374 respondents were surveyed. To test hypotheses, the authors employed the Mann-Whitney U test for gender-related hypotheses and the Kruskal-Wallis test for hypotheses related to the area of scientific and academic activities. Findings. Due to the analysis carried out in the present research, the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test showed that there is no statistically significant difference between the gender groups and their professional competencies evaluation, which leads to the rejection of the first hypothesis. The second hypothesis was also rejected, as based on the Kruskal-Wally’s test there is no statistically significant difference between the perception of the professional competencies among the academic staff of STEM and other sciences. Originality / Value / Practical implications. Unlike other studies, this research specifically focuses on the differences between the self-assessment-based perceptions by genders and STEM sciences academic staff compared to representatives of other branches of science at HEIs in Ukraine. The practical value is achieved by the research thus ensuring administrative staff with defined competencies and self-assessment criteria. The research findings then will allow us to link competencies to administration processes and offer training and development opportunities based on identified competency gaps. The feedback mechanism might be established based on the research data and these self-assessment results might be incorporated into the performance evaluation processes, thus improving the quality of the educational process and its administration in HEIs. Practical implications are related to the state and period of the research, due to the present war in Ukraine.

Вища економічна освіта і потреби сучасного ринку праці

The issue of the quality of higher economic education, and its compliance with the requirements of applicants was and is relevant for all educational systems, regardless of the level of economic development of the country. In the conditions of a full-scale war in Ukraine, institutions of higher education should be oriented as much as possible to the formation of competitive educational programs that would take into account the needs of the modern labor market and the post-war recovery of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to study the needs of the modern labor market for economic specialists and their consideration in the educational programs of higher education institutions in Ukraine. Small and medium-sized businesses are the drivers of economic development and the formation of its innovative potential at the current stage. The dynamic development of the digital economy causes changes in the labor market and, in particular, the gradual demise of certain professions, which requires the development of entrepreneurial abilities in young people, regardless of their education. In addition, the experience of recent years shows that in unstable economic and socio-political conditions (the COVID-19 pandemic, full-scale war in Ukraine), it is small and medium-sized businesses that provide the opportunity to save jobs, provide for consumer needs, and support the socio-economic well- being of local communities and the economy of the state in general, filling its budget. Therefore, the modern labor market is most in need of specialists who would be competent in matters of the economics of small and medium-sized business entities, possess economic methods, and tools, and levers for justifying business decisions, have practical skills in using modern information and communication technologies in business, and were also socially responsible. Taking into account the above, educational programs in economics should be aimed at training specialists who will possess modern economic thinking, theoretical knowledge and practical skills necessary for making informed decisions regarding the functioning of socio-economic systems of various levels, but the emphasis should be placed on business and the conditions of its functioning.

Вплив занять єдиноборствами на формування особистості здобувачів вищої освіти

Purpose: to determine the role of martial arts in the process of forming a harmonious personality of higher education students in the People's Republic of China and Ukraine. Material and Methods. Theoretical and empirical research methods were used in the study: analysis of scientific and methodological literature and Internet sources, analysis of regulatory documents; comparative analysis; method of value orientations by M. Rokic; sociological survey (questionnaire); methods of mathematical statistics. Results: the study examines the peculiarities of the use of martial arts in higher education institutions of the People's Republic of China and Ukraine, conducts a sociological survey of higher education students of both countries regarding their attitude to practicing various types of martial arts, and compares the value orientations of students formed under the influence of martial arts. It turned out that in higher education institutions of the People's Republic of China, martial arts are included as a compulsory subject in the State Physical Education Program, while in Ukrainian higher education institutions, certain types of martial arts are introduced into the educational process by the decision of the management. The survey showed that higher education students in both countries consider martial arts to be popular sports and engage in these sports for harmonious development and health. Some terminal and instrumental values of higher education students in China and Ukraine are somewhat different, while the general value orientations and life principles of martial arts students are similar. Conclusions. Martial arts training has a positive effect on the harmonious development of higher education students. Under the influence of training, the level of physical development increases, a system of values aimed at personal growth and life wisdom is formed. Higher education students who are engaged in martial arts take care of their own health and personal development. They prioritize education, responsibility, strong will, and friendship, which indicate a desire for physical, intellectual, and moral and ethical growth. The results of the study make it possible to recommend martial arts training in higher education institutions in order to improve physical condition or achieve high sports results.

Methodological approaches to the problem of forming professional competence of future bachelors in electronics in higher education institutions

In this research, the author delves into the results of a thorough study and analysis of methodological approaches to shaping the professional competence of future electronics bachelor’s students in higher education institutions. The focus is on an integrated approach to learning, combining technical components and interdisciplinary connections, and fostering the holistic development of students. This allows for a nuanced portrayal of the multifaceted process of shaping professional competence in the current realities of higher education. The author presents an analysis of scientific inquiries directly or indirectly related to the issue of forming professional competence in future electronics bachelor’s students in higher education institutions. The inadequacy of the study on the chosen issue is noted, necessitating a systematic investigation and the identification of specific measures for optimizing the process of shaping professional competence in electronics. The research also highlights the peculiarities of the impact of military conflict conditions on the process of forming professional competence in future electronics bachelor’s students in Ukrainian higher education institutions. Possible limitations in access to educational resources are analyzed, emphasizing the need for adjusting educational programs in the context of wartime conflict. The focus is directed towards analyzing adaptation strategies of higher education to new realities and developing effective methods to ensure safety and quality learning during military actions. The study underscores the necessity of developing innovative teaching approaches, flexibility in higher education responses to global changes, and establishing effective collaboration with the industry. Overall, the research indicates the relevance of combining technical and humanitarian aspects in the higher education of future electronics professionals and reveals prospects for educational institutions in shaping highly qualified experts capable of meeting the challenges of the contemporary technological world

LEGAL REGULATION OF STUDENT SELF-GOVERNMENT UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE MARITAL STATE

The scientific article is devoted to the peculiarities of the legal regulation of student self-government in higher education institutions of Ukraine under martial law. The relevance of the selected issues is related to the need to take into account the new operating conditions of higher education institutions under martial law during the development of legislative and by-laws that will regulate educational activities. The legislative and by-laws, which establish the conditions of activity of student self-government bodies, have been studied. The scientific novelty of the study consists of determining recommendations for improving the legal regulation of the work of student self-government bodies under martial law.Peculiarities of the legal regulation of the activity of student parliaments in the conditions of martial law are the remote holding of elections to student self-government bodies and remote meetings of elected student councils. Interaction between the administration of the institution of higher education and the leadership of the student council should also take place remotely.To improve the legal regulation of the activities of student self-government bodies, it is proposed to provide the following norms in the local provisions on student self-government of each institution of higher education. Establish that elections of student self-government bodies and meetings of student parliaments in martial law conditions are conducted using remote communication. To establish that the activity of student councils of individual dormitories is suspended until the time of resumption of full-time education. Provide for the publication of decisions of student councils on the website of the institution of higher education on a specially created electronic page. Among the tasks of student self-government, assistance to higher education seekers from internally displaced persons or involvement of students in volunteer activities may be introduced.

Research Work for Students: Its Peculiarities at Ukrainian Higher Education Institutions in the Conditions of Martial Law

The paper presents analysis of two ways for organizing the research work for students at the Department of Foreign Languages in Lviv National Environmental University: a) the use of modern technologies, robotization of production processes abroad and in Ukraine; b) educational material researched by students from massive open online courses platforms, other electronic resources for students as additional educational materials to the main ones proposed by teachers for the taught disciplines. There are also considered some electronic educational materials implemented for students and discussed by professors of different Ukrainian higher educational institutions at teachers’ conferences as well as the ways of spreading the results of students research work and exchanging their experience in usage of the reviewed materials are proposed. Under martial law, the research work for students of higher education institutions of Ukraine should be brought to a new level, especially in the military sphere and for helping our people to quickly restore all spheres of the national economy destroyed during the Russian-Ukrainian war. The results of the students research can be used by the teaching staff for planning and improving the educational process at our and other universities.

THE IMPERATIVE OF REFORMS IN TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES TO ADULTS: A METHODOLOGICAL NECESSITY AND SOCIAL TREND

This article studies the imperative of reforms in teaching foreign languages to adults both from the social point of view and methodological needs of the particular process of foreign language teaching for representatives of a special age group. The starting point of the article is the authors` own experimental research in the form of a questionnaire, which, as the target audience, conducted a survey of people aged 45+ studying at or graduated from foreign language courses as a part of integration programs (the survey was conducted among relocants from Ukraine after February 24, 2022) finding out what factors contributed / did not contribute to their success and psychological comfort in language learning. The second part of the study presents the results of a survey of teachers who work in foreign language courses attached to higher educational institutions of Ukraine and presents their point of view on the difficulties of teaching in mixed age groups and in groups dominated by people over 40 years. The purpose of the article is to show that in order to fulfill the social tasks that modern society places on the study of foreign languages by older people, changes in methodological approaches to the stated process are necessary.

Occupational Therapy Program for young men who Specialize in wrestling sports after treatment of knee joint injuries

Today, Martial Arts are an effective means of forming a reliable reserve of defenders of Ukraine. During systematic training in a chosen type of Martial Art, an individual develops basic Physical Qualities, develops leadership Qualities, as well as psychological resistance to adverse environmental factors. The Analysis of the latest Research and publications in the chosen field of Scientific Research shows that insufficient number of Scientific works are devoted to the topical issue of the organization of the Occupational Therapy System of young men who Specialize in Martial Arts after treatment of knee joint injuries. This emphasizes the relevance, timeliness and Practical component of the chosen direction of Scientific Research. The Research was carried out according to the Plan of the initiative Scientific Project "Ergo Therapy of knee joints". Research methods: idealization, formalization, axiomatic, historical and logical, descent from concrete. As a Result of Theoretical Research, we have developed an Experimental Program of occupational Therapy for young men who Specialize in wrestling Sports after treatment of knee joint injuries. The Results of the study are implemented in the Occupational Therapy System of wrestlers, members of National teams of Higher Education Institutions of Ukraine. The Occupational Therapy Program involves the use of the following tools (components): kinesiological taping, elements of TRX, elements of basic Sambo etc. Prospects for further Research in the chosen field of Scientific Research include the organization of a Pedagogical Experiment to test the effectiveness of the Occupational Therapy Program for young men who Specialize in Sambo Wrestling after treatment of knee joint injuries.

The effectiveness of using mobile applications for studying in non-language specialties at higher education institutions

Using mobile apps for learning professionally oriented English is highly topical and widely recognized as an effective and convenient method for language acquisition. Mobile apps provide a range of benefits that contribute to their popularity among undergraduates. The key reasons why using mobile apps for learning English is considered topical: accessibility, convenience, interactive and engaging content, personalized learning, variety of learning materials, social and community features, progress tracking. So, the aim of the paper is to study the effectiveness of mobile applications for learning professional English during the study at higher education institutions in Ukraine. Instruments of data collection used were analysis of scientific sources, questionnaires, interviews, and focused group discussion. The results of questionnaires and interviews prove the need to use mobile apps for developing the level of English by students of higher education institutions. Searching the problem provide the opportunities to determine the most used mobile apps for studying English and describe their advantages in the process of learning English in non-linguistic specialties. The process of learning English at higher education establishments aimed at using mobile apps proved the effectiveness of such process because of increasing English level of Ukrainian higher education students.

РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ ЩОДО ЗАПОБІГАННЯ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯМ ОПОРНО-РУХОВОГО АПАРАТУ ШЛЯХОМ ВИКОНАННЯ СПЕЦІАЛЬНИХ ФІЗИЧНИХ ВПРАВ ПІД ЧАС ТЕОРЕТИЧНИХ ЗАНЯТЬ

The article is a study of the state of modern physical activity in higher education institutions of Ukraine. The author examines the problems of physical and psychological state of higher education students during theoretical classes. The physical exercises described in the article have a comprehensive approach and help to strengthen muscles, improve blood circulation, increase flexibility and provide reliable support for the musculoskeletal system. Moreover, they help improve concentration and attention during exercise. Studies have shown that regular exercise is a useful and effective means of preventing the spread and occurrence of diseases such as osteochondrosis, arthritis, arthrosis, bursitis, and others. Various methods of physical exercises, taking into account the peculiarities of academic workload and the possibility of pauses for physical activity during theoretical classes. Recommendations are given on how to choose the optimal time and intensity of exercises to maximize benefits and minimize fatigue. The results of the study can be used by teachers and students seeking to ensure a balanced approach to learning that promotes not only intellectual development but also physical abilities. This article looks at an innovative approach to physical health and shows how you can combine theory and practice to always have a strong and healthy body. Performing special physical exercises during theoretical classes can effectively prevent diseases of the musculoskeletal system. This approach proves to be simple, accessible, and useful for everyone, especially for those who spend a lot of time sitting in a sedentary position in theory classes or working individually at a computer. That is, students studying at a higher education institution receive not only general and professionally oriented physical and motor training, but also a system of knowledge on the basics of a healthy lifestyle and the theory and methods of physical education. Non-specialized physical education is a level of assimilation of physical culture values, mastery of special knowledge and vital motor actions and, as a result, a level of physical activity and somatic health that allows for the effective formation of physical culture in a young person’s personality. Key words: physical education minute, musculoskeletal system, higher education institution, students, physical exercises, classes.

Fund of valuable and rare publications of scientific libraries of higher education institutions of Ukraine with an aviation component

The proposed article analyzes and summarizes the peculiarities of the formation of funds of valuable and rare publications in Ukrainian institutions of higher education that prepare specialists for civil aviation. The article is intended to inform scientific and pedagogical workers, students of higher education, and the general public about the important resource of valuable and rare publications that are stored in the funds of scientific and technical libraries of Ukrainian higher education institutions with an aviation component. The purpose of the article is to analyze the specifics of the formation and organization of open (online) access to information potential, containing collections of rare publications as a component of information resources of university libraries. The collections of valuable and rare publications, concentrated in the libraries of the aviation profile universities: The National Aerospace University M. E. Zhukovsky "Kharkiv Aviation Institute", The National Aviation University, The National Technical University of Ukraine "Ihor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute". Recommendations on improving the work of scientific and technical libraries on the formation of a system of open access and custody of valuable documents have been formulated.

The state of physical readiness of the students of higher education institutions to the defense of Ukraine

The article reveals the theoretical issues of patriotic upbringing and physical readiness of students of educational institutions to defend the state. It was revealed that modern realities led to intensify the search for an effective content of the educational process in physical education, the introduction of physical culture, health and applied technologies to increase the level of physical fitness and mastery of military-applied physical skills and abilities by students of higher education institutions. The purpose of the article is to study the state of physical preparedness of students of higher education institutions to protect the national sovereignty and integrity of Ukraine. Physical readiness refers to the student's physical condition which allows him to perform physical exercises and overcome obstacles that may be encountered in accordance with the requirements of the military task. Departments of physical education should ensure the proper physical readiness of students for life and military service in higher education institutions. Currently, the level of physical preparedness of students of higher education institutions does not meet the requirements for conscripts in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Studies have confirmed that only 7.0% of first-year students have a high level of physical preparedness, these are as a rule athletes who have a high qualification or those who systematically do physical exercises, visit gyms or physical culture and health centers. 24.0% of students are classified as average, 37.2% as low and 31.8% as poor respectively. It can be assumed that 69.0% of the first-year students who have just entered the university are not ready to defend the Motherland in terms of physical preparedness. The system of physical education in higher education institutions of Ukraine needs a fundamental restructuring and restoration.

SAFETY RISKOLOGY

Problem statement. The rapid expansion of the technosphere, unbalanced geopolitical, ecological, and biological processes of modern times demand a complete reassessment, a deep understanding, and the study of risk in all spheres of human life and activity. War and the non-trivial actions of aggressors force us into the necessity of reactive risk management, not excluding the need for proactive risk management. This complicates the determination of the priority of preventive measures at each stage of the activities of subjects and objects of risk, requiring the combination of these principles and the continuous reconsideration of risks to develop effective positive-compensatory measures. The actual state of human (humanity's) protection indicates that without the creation of a “science of risks”, without the establishment of a corresponding academic discipline, further effective and rational risk management is no longer possible. The purpose of the article. Justification for the Introduction of a New Academic Discipline “Safety Riskology” in Engineering and Technical Specialties at Higher Educational Institutions in Ukraine. Conclusions. The conceptual notion of “safety riskology” has been “synthesized” for the first time. The need for teaching a new academic discipline, “Safety Riskology”, in higher education institutions has been justified. During the instruction of this discipline, it is proposed to shape in learners advanced competencies in the identification, analysis, assessment, and compensation (balancing) of risk, considering the types and characteristics of the activities of risk subjects and objects. The demand for professionals with contemporary knowledge in safety riskology is identified across all sectors of the economy. Discussions on the initiation of the independent science of “Safety Riskology” have been initiated.

The role of cultural and creative competencies in shaping success of art ukrainian students

The article considers the issues of the competency-based approach in higher education and the role of cultural and creative competencies in the modern educational discourse. The aim of the article is to define the peculiarities of forming cultural and creative competencies of students in artistic specialties in higher education institutions of Ukraine, as well as to elucidate the influence of these competencies on the competitiveness and professional career advancement of specialists in both domestic and global labor markets. The research methodology includes a combination of systemic-differentiated, comparative, synergistic, cultural, axiological, structural-functional, and empirical methods, which are employed to clarify the peculiarities of forming cultural and creative competencies during students’ professional training in artistic specialties. The article demonstrates the peculiarities of forming cultural and creative competencies in the Standards of Higher Education and educational-professional programs, examines role of the educational environment in forming creative competencies and its peculiarities as an educational-creative environment using the example of training students in artistic specialties at Kharkiv State Academy of Culture. Promising directions for improving creativity development in educational-creative environments of educational institutions are identified, which enhance the competitiveness of professionals in artistic specialties and contribute to the resolution of crisis phenomena in society.

MARKET OF EDUCATIONAL SERVICES AT THE PRESENT STAGE IN UKRAINE

In modern conditions, the role of education is growing along with the development of human activity. The issue of the further development of the educational services market is becoming even more urgent, and especially in the conditions of the war in Ukraine. The article focuses attention on the important role of the market of educational services in providing alternative learning opportunities due to security measures. The concept of the market of educational services was analyzed and its main subjects were determined. It is noted that the market of educational services exists in conditions of fierce competition. The author identified the factors affecting the market of educational services. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the educational services market is a leading factor in economic growth, employment and income. The number of students of higher education institutions in Ukraine, the number of foreign students and other indicators of the educational services market were analyzed. It has been noted and proven that education acts as a stabilizing force, and it is especially important during the years of war in Ukraine, despite the fact that some students are abroad. The author singled out serious challenges faced by the education market in Ukraine in the context of Russia’s military aggression. Proposed directions for solving challenges in Ukraine at the current stage.

Аналіз стану умов відтворення аборигенних іхтіопопуляцій Стир-Горинського гідроекологічного коридору на території Західного Полісся України

Purpose. To investigate the state of reproduction conditions, current and in dynamics since 1922, for native ichthyopopulations (NI) of the Styr-Horyn Hydroecological Corridor (HEC) on the territory of the Western Polissiya of Ukraine. Methodology. The Styr-Horyn HEC was studied according to the following parameters: hydrological regime and duration of water stay on the floodplain; state of the basin surface; speed of channel flow; amount of water exchange; quality of aquatic environment; natural-temporal changes of the channel, floodplains, tributary network; number of ecotones; qualitative and quantitative characteristics of fish juveniles. The hydrological regime was studied using the analysis of runoff hydrographs located in the Volyn, Rivne, and Zhytomyr regions starting from 1922. To assess water quality, KND No. 211.1.4.010-94, “Methodology of ecological assessment of surface water quality by relevant categories”, SOU – 05.01.37-385: 2006, was used. Ichthyological studies were carried out in the field and laboratory according to standard methods with the use of identification keys primarily using the data of test catches and the classification of V. G. Nikolskyi. Statistical and mathematical analysis was performed using the Delfi programming language, relevant computer programs (Mathcad, Excel, Xara) and formulas, including authors’ ones. Findings. An analysis of the Styr-Horyn HEC was carried out on the basis of restorative ichthyoecology using the basin principle and riskology approaches. The hydroecological and ichthyoecological factors affecting the reproduction of NI were studied. The natural fish reproduction localities (NFRL) in this region have been identified. Originality. For the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the state of the reproduction conditions of the Styr-Horyn HEC on the territory of the Western Polissiya of Ukraine was carried out starting from 1922. In addition, a prognostic assessment of the NFRL of this HEC on the territory of Ukraine has been provided. Practical value. The conducted studies are already successfully used in the work of higher educational institutions of Ukraine in the field of training “Aquatic bioresources and aquaculture”.In addition, they are used by fish protection authorities in several regions of Ukraine, in particular for certification of wintering grounds. In the future, their implementation is planned at the level of the national environmental protection policy and in the preparation of regulatory documents regarding the determination of the damage caused and the extent of the damage. Keywords: Pripyat River, Horyn River, Styr River, hydroecology, ichthyoecology, Western Polissiya, hydroecological corridor, natural fish reproduction localities, spawning grounds, wintering grounds, fish migrations, native ichthyofauna.

Medico-biological aspects of physical training of students of higher education institutions

The article analyzes the medical and biological aspects of the physical training of students of higher education institutions. The organizational and methodical principles on which the innovative educational technology of implementing the health-forming orientation of modernized physical education is based are highlighted.
 It was established that the level of physical culture of young people is determined, first of all, by special education in this field, the perceived need to use physical exercises and other types of motor activity for the purpose of strengthening health and comprehensive self-improvement. On the basis of the analysis of a complex of literary sources, the goal of physical education is summarized, which consists in improving the health, education and education of student youth.
 The use of medical and biological aspects for the study of physical culture and health measures, where physical training is considered from the standpoint of the formation of skills of motor activity of the individual and the biological properties of the human body, is substantiated.
 The typological characteristics of the modern system of physical education in higher education institutions of Ukraine are determined; the interaction of medical, biological and cultural aspects of physical culture, which contribute to increasing the productivity of educational and physical culture and health activities, is scientifically substantiated.
 Medical-biological aspects include the study of health problems and the physical condition of people, their use for the study of physical culture and health measures is determined by the fact that physical training is considered from the point of view of the formation of motor activity and biological properties of the body.
 The specificity of the motivational and value component of the medical and biological training of future specialists was investigated on the basis of a questionnaire of higher education applicants.
 It has been proven that more attention should be paid to the promotion of sports and physical culture in the institution of higher education, to fully provide classrooms for classes with modern sports equipment and inventory, to actively include student youth in the process of physical education and mass sports events.

ШТУЧНИЙ ІНТЕЛЕКТ У ВИЩІЙ ОСВІТІ: МОЖЛИВОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ

The integration of artificial intelligence into the system of higher education represents a turning point in the process of learning and teaching. The development of artificial intelligence has opened the way to personalized training, automation of administrative tasks and the introduction of innovative training methods. The purpose of the study was to analyze the practical aspects of using artificial intelligence in higher education institutions of Ukraine. It was determined that artificial intelligence is an organized set of information technologies, which makes it possible to perform complex complex tasks. There are three main categories of artificial intelligence: narrow-spectrum artificial intelligence, or Artificial Narrow Intelligence, general artificial intelligence, or Artificial General Intelligence, and artificial superintelligence, or Artificial Super Intelligence. The main educational services provided by artificial intelligence in institutions of higher education are the development and conduct of lectures, seminars and practical classes; teacher counseling; creation of educational programs and electronic courses; development of tasks and simulation of their solution; conducting various educational events; evaluation of the works of education seekers. Some examples of the use of artificial intelligence, in particular chatbots, in the higher education of Ukraine are analyzed and their potential for improving the educational process and forming professional skills is emphasized. An example of the use of GPT-3.5 in the Luhansk Educational and Scientific Institute for teaching foreign languages is presented. Such applications based on artificial intelligence as Thinkster and Duolingo and the main aspects of their use by students of higher education are characterized. Recommendations are provided for the successful implementation of artificial intelligence technologies in higher education.

Локальні студії радянського повсякдення: досвід, уроки, виклики

The purpose of the article is an attempt to analyze the results of the activities of domestic researchers of the history of Soviet everyday life (historians, ethnologists, cultural scientists, anthropologists, sociologists, art critics), which were presented at seven all-Ukrainian scientific and theoretical seminars of the series «Everyday Life: Visions and Meanings», held at Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University M. Kotsyubynskyi during 2015-2023. The research methodology is based on a combination of general scientific, special-historical and interdisciplinary methods and tools of socio-cultural analysis. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that it attempts a primary (self) analysis and generalization of the local experience of the problematization of the Soviet past through the lens of everyday life. Conclusion. The initiative of the scientists of the Center for the Study of Everyday History of the Faculty of Vinnytsia Pedagogical University was launched in the context of the beginning of Russian aggression as a response to the request for an in-depth historical-anthropological and socio-cultural study of the (un)completed Soviet past through the visions and meanings of the life world of an ordinary Soviet person. Researchers of leading scientific institutions and higher educational institutions of Ukraine actively responded to the proposal of a scientific and theoretical dialogue between specialists. Some summaries of the journey can be expressed in several theses. First, the choice of topics for each subsequent seminar was not arbitrary. It is determined, on the one hand, by specific public requests and the professional readiness of researchers, and on the other hand, it arose from the specific interdisciplinary work of each previous seminar. Secondly, in Ukraine as result, a stable core of qualified researchers of the Soviet past from various scientific fields has formed, to which new generations of researchers are interested. Systematic scientific dialogues contributed to the expansion of the subject field of Soviet everyday life, deepened and improved the methodology of its study, significantly for the development of an adequate understanding and interpretation of the Soviet past.