Ukrainian Economy Research Articles

ORTHODOX-INNOVATIVE EXPOSITION OF FINANCIAL MECHANISMS OF THE POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ECONOMY OF UKRAINE

The article is devoted to the study of modern financial mechanisms, which in the medium term can be effectively applied to rebuild the economy of Ukraine after the end of the war. The authors emphasize that the orthodox-innovative exposition of financial mechanisms represents a flexible and adaptive approach capable of effectively responding to current challenges, threats and needs of the country in the process of its reconstruction.The main focus of the article is on the study of such aspects as: outlines of the main challenges faced by the Ukrainian economy in the conditions of the war period, including the destruction of infrastructure, loss of production capacity and a decrease in the standard of living of the population; disclosure of traditional financial approaches, such as international loans and grants, that can be applied to the reconstruction of the economy; identification of modern innovative financial instruments, including “green” bonds, blockchain, crowdfunding and other financial instruments in order to provide additional sources of financing and increase trust on the part of international partners and donors; determining the role of international financial organizations, institutions and donors in the process of reconstruction of our state. An analysis of the assessment of the damage caused in Ukraine by the russian federation was carried out, which is based on the reports of the project “russia will pay” KSE Institute with the support of international partners and organizations and the report on the updated joint assessment of damages and needs that arose as a result of the invasion of the russian federation in Ukraine (Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment, RDNA3, developed by the Government together with the World Bank Group, the UN and the European Commission. The authors carried out a SWOT analysis, which made it possible to assess the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats (risks) associated with the integration of orthodox and innovative financial mechanisms in the recovery process economy of Ukraine after the war. The article focuses on the Matrix of reforms – a huge plan of changes that systematizes and integrates reforms, includes officially approved recommendations and conditions under macro-financial support programs, in particular: “structural beacons” of the IMF, Plan of Ukraine under the Ukraine Facility program, documents of the European Commission, conditions of the World Bank (Development Policy Loan, DPL). Also, within the framework of the study, an analysis of the consensus forecast of the Ministry of Economy of Ukraine “Ukraine: Scenarios of Restorative Growth” was carried out to provide and assess risks for 2024–2027.

ENHANCING INVESTMENT POTENTIAL IN THE CONTEXT OF ENSURING FINANCIAL SECURITY OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN UKRAINE

This study aims to justify ways to enhance the investment potential in the context of strengthening and improving the financial security of the agricultural sector of Ukraine's economy. According to the authors of the article, it is important to perform a scientific task that involves presenting a modern theoretical-scientific approach to assessing the investment attractiveness and the efficiency of using the investment potential of the agricultural sector in the regions of Ukraine. Investment potential in the agricultural sector means the ability and prospects for investing capital in the sector with the aim of ensuring financial security. This potential is determined by various indicators that either increase or decrease the sector's attractiveness for investment. The research uses a trend line in forecasting investments, a method of integral rating assessment, and an auxiliary method of normalization used for indicators. This study proposes a theoretical-scientific approach that includes analyzing and compiling a ranking of regions in terms of their investment attractiveness and the efficiency of using investment opportunities in the agricultural sector in the context of ensuring financial security. An algorithm is used to establish the criteria for assessing the investment attractiveness of various regions and to compile a ranking of regions based on indicators of each sphere of investment attractiveness related to the issue of ensuring financial security. Based on the results obtained, strategic decisions regarding ensuring financial security were identified. The authors note that the study has limitations due to considering only the specifics of the agricultural sector of Ukraine's economy. Moreover, due to the state of war, not all regions of the country were considered in the article. Prospects for further research involve assessing the investment potential in the post-war period for all regions of Ukraine.

Men’s Shirt in the Assortment of Embroidery Industry of Post-War Ukraine (1945–1949)

The purpose of the article is to characterize the functioning peculiarities of the embroidery industry of post-war Ukraine (1945–1949) exemplified by men’s embroidered shirts produced by artistic artels in Vinnytsia. The archival fund of the Vinnytsia Interregional Artistic Industrial Union serves as the primary source base for the research. It is emphasized in the published work on the fact that after the Second World War because of the lack of money for the restoration of all industrial production, the Soviet government has relied on the manual labour of cooperative artisans to ensure the production of widely used items. In particular, the embroidery industry has to produce clothes. The dynamics of production volume growth, assortment, cost and geography of distribution of men’s shirts is shown within one regional union of artistic artels. Several factors contributing to their popularity in the USSR are revealed: a) since the planned economy in Ukraine has a fixed specialization in the embroidery industry, therefore its products are distributed throughout the Soviet Union; b) the annual production volume is quite significant; c) simplicity of cut and its cost-effectiveness have made shirts competitive against factory-produced goods; d) using precious fabrics (silk and marquisette) has made embroidered shirts prestigious; e) the aesthetic appeal and brightness of the products have diversified men’s wardrobe; f) the trendsetting role of Mykyta Khrushchev has influenced the party-Soviet nomenclature elite, as well as affluent individuals who can afford prestigious items. Men’s embroidered shirts are more popular at this stage than women’s.

MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISES IN THE SMART ECONOMY

In the contemporary economic landscape, the concept of a smart economy has emerged as a critical framework for fostering innovation and enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises. This article explores the management of innovative development within enterprises operating in the smart economy, characterized by the integration of digital technologies, intelligent systems, and data-driven decision-making processes. Through a comprehensive examination of existing literature and a mixed-methods research approach, this study analyzes the strategies, tools, and practices essential for enterprises to thrive in a continuously evolving digital environment. The article provides a comparative analysis of domestic and foreign research, highlighting the practical focus of Ukrainian scholars on implementing innovative technologies and managing processes, contrasted with the theoretical perspectives of international researchers on competitive strategies and open innovation. A detailed comparison between the development of the smart economy in Ukraine and Europe is presented, showcasing key metrics, achievements, and challenges. Furthermore, the discussion addresses the positive and negative features of the smart economy, such as enhanced efficiency and productivity, innovation and competitiveness, and issues like digital divide and cybersecurity concerns. The study offers recommendations for improving the mechanisms of managing smart economy development, emphasizing investments in digital infrastructure, promoting digital literacy, fostering public-private partnerships, and ensuring inclusive access. Finally, the article proposes an adaptive mechanism for managing innovative development, incorporating external environment analysis, organizational flexibility, human capital investment, open innovation, and advanced information technology solutions. These insights and recommendations aim to guide enterprises in effectively harnessing innovation to achieve sustainable success in the smart economy.

PUBLIC MANAGEMENT OF CURRENCY SECURITY IN UKRAINE: CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES IN MODERN REALITIES

The article examines issues related to the effectiveness of public administration in the field of monetary security in Ukraine. The article presents general characteristics of the nature, state, and dynamics of the effectiveness of public administration in the field of currency security in Ukraine. The assessment of the current state and dynamics of the currency security indicators in Ukraine was made on the basis of the characteristics of the state monetary policy components indicators compared to similar indicators in Poland. The characteristics of exchange rate dynamics, GDP dynamics, and labour market dynamics in Ukraine and Poland are presented. The main economic factors affecting the exchange rate, namely the inflation rate and the state of the balance of trade account of the balance of payments have been considered. The main factors reducing the efficiency of Ukraine's monetary security administration are detailed. The dynamics of the indicators of the level of Ukraine's shadow economy proved to be contrary to the goals and objectives of the "Strategy of Ukraine's Economic Security until 2025". The ways to minimize the negative influencing factors and, accordingly, strengthen the implementation of monetary and credit policy and improve the efficiency of state management of monetary security of Ukraine were proposed. The development of currency circulation in Ukraine is ensured by the state's influence on monetary relations by specially authorized bodies with different legal statuses and powers. In practice, difficulties arise in the application of monetary law in the process of currency regulation. The mechanisms of interaction between state control bodies in the field of currency regulation have not yet been established, which weakens the position of the state in the currency market and hinders the process of integration into the international economic system.

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL UNIVERSITIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION, SMART ECONOMY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL TOURISM

The article defines the key aspects of methodical support of financial management of entrepreneurial universities in the conditions of digitalization, smart economy and development of educational tourism. Attention is focused on the fact that at this time Ukraine faced complex phenomena caused by the invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of our state, which caused powerful changes in all sectors, industries and industries of Ukraine. It was noted that against the background of active digitalization and financial instability, migration shifts and the flow of human resources took place. In this context, there is a need for an active policy of creating and evaluating the effectiveness of the concept of financial management of entrepreneurial universities in the conditions of digitalization, smart economy and the development of educational tourism, taking into account the challenges faced by the modern economy of Ukraine. With the use of methods of production functions, the article proposes an assessment of the financial management of entrepreneurial universities. It was noted a need to increase the financial support of entrepreneurial universities, which is important for improving the quality of education and tax revenues at the regional and state levels. Attention is focused on the phenomenon of increased outflow of students outside of Ukraine with the simultaneous outflow of teaching staff abroad. It was noted that it is the effective financial policy of supporting entrepreneurial universities that can reduce negative phenomena in education.

ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF PROVIDING INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY IN THE CONDITIONS OF INCREASED INFLUENCE OF FACTORS OF A MILITARY NATURE: THE EXPERIENCE OF UKRAINE AND THE COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE

The purpose of the article is to analyze the state of innovative development of the economy of Ukraine and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and to identify the problems of its provision in the conditions of martial law. The results of the study prove that factors of a military nature have an ambiguous effect on stimulating the innovative development of the country's economy. It has been established that economic evolution through innovation is a prerequisite for strengthening its competitiveness in countering modern challenges and threats. The results of the empirical study made it possible to find out that during the large-scale aggression of Russia on the territory of Ukraine in 2022, a decrease in the level of innovative economic development was also observed in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. It was established that in 2023, the countries of the analyzed group managed to increase the indicators of innovative activity of business entities and the parameters of the innovative development of the economy. Important problems in ensuring economic progress through innovative activity have been identified: (1) shortcomings of the legislation regulating the innovation sphere; (2) lack of formation of a unified innovation infrastructure; (3) significant tax burden; (4) lack of an effective system of taxation and provision of tax benefits and preferences; (5) lack of effective investment mechanisms in the field of innovation; (6) low level of technological capacity of production facilities; (7) imperfection of the education system; (8) low level of financing of research activities; (9) focus on the export of raw materials and dependence on high-tech imports. In order to ensure sustainable innovative development of the country's economy, it is necessary to create appropriate conditions for the development of innovative potential, activate the creation of cross-border innovation clusters, and strengthen the country's investment attractiveness.

Science parks: analysis of international experience and development prospects in Ukraine

The object of the research is the issues related to the creation of science parks in Ukraine at a new level in the process of its post-war reconstruction. In this paper, the main focus is on the analysis of the very concept of «science park» and the experience of some international ones, which are most suitable for the domestic plans for the transformation of the Ukrainian economy and its social infrastructure. Also researched the initiative of the Kharkiv city government to create the so-called «science quarter», which would absorb all the best that exists in the world in the field of science parks, and would have its own «highlight». As a result of this study, it was established that the creation and functioning of science parks is an important component of the modern world economy, which should be given serious attention in the process of post-war transformation of the Ukrainian economy. Moreover, the process of developing a strategy for the construction of such science parks should be started now, without waiting for the end of the war. A good example of this is the start of work on the project to create a science park in Kharkiv called «Science Quarter» as part of the development of a city recovery plan with the help of specialists from various international organizations, universities, banks and funds. The article analyses the activities of some similar science parks in Poland, which can be used as a guide in this process, and provides recommendations for the improvement and enhancement of certain basic elements of the future Kharkiv science park. As a result, it was concluded that thanks to the hard work of the city authorities with the support of international institutions, active work is being done to develop a city reconstruction strategy at a fundamentally new level in Kharkiv, within which a significant place is given to the implementation of the «Science Quarter» project. The success of the latter will depend not only on the experienced team of specialists implementing this project and the receipt of the necessary funding, but also, first of all, on the success of our defenders in repelling russian aggression.

ACCOUNTING IN UKRAINE: TODAY'S CHALLENGES

The ongoing military conflict in Ukraine has inflicted significant damage on the nation’s infrastructure and economy, disrupting traditional business operations and necessitating a reevaluation of accounting standards and practices. This disruption highlights the critical role of accounting in assessing damage, supporting recovery efforts, and adapting to a rapidly changing economic environment. As such, understanding the modifications and challenges in accounting during this period is essential for ensuring business continuity and aiding national recovery. This article aims to analyze the organizational, legislative, and regulatory changes in accounting and financial reporting practices in Ukraine during the conflict. It seeks to evaluate how these adaptations address the specific needs of businesses operating under crisis conditions and contribute to sustaining economic activity during periods of instability. The study employs a combination of general scientific methods including analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and theoretical generalization. A comprehensive review of recent legislative acts and modifications to the Ukrainian accounting framework provides a detailed understanding of the current accounting landscape and its evolution in response to the conflict. The findings reveal significant legislative adaptations that have simplified tax systems, reduced tax rates, and introduced exemptions aimed at alleviating the burden on businesses. Additionally, the establishment of emergency-specific accounts for recording the financial impacts of the conflict has enhanced the clarity and accuracy of financial reporting. These changes have not only facilitated the immediate survival of businesses but also laid the groundwork for future economic stability and recovery. Looking forward, continuous adjustments and updates to accounting standards will be crucial as the situation in Ukraine evolves. Future research should focus on the long-term effectiveness of these adaptations and explore further modifications to support the resilience and recovery of the Ukrainian economy. The development of robust accounting practices remains a cornerstone of economic recovery and sustainability, serving as both a record of the impacts of the conflict and a foundation for rebuilding efforts. By documenting and analyzing these changes, this article contributes valuable insights into the role of accounting in crisis management and recovery, providing a resource for academics, practitioners, and policymakers involved in navigating and overcoming the challenges posed by the conflict in Ukraine.

TO THE 60TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE

In the third part of the article, the main historical events in dates, facts and personalities of the formation and development of the Department of Earth Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine from the time Ukraine gained independence in 1991 and until now are considered in chronological order. The most important achievements of the scientists of the Department of Earth Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, who were awarded the State Prizes of Ukraine in the field of science and technology, as well as the prizes of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine named after outstanding scientists of Ukraine – V.I. Vernadsky, P.A. Tutkovsky, S.I. Subbotin. In the early 1990s, in the conditions of complex social transformation, there was a significant quantitative reduction in personnel potential, but the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine managed to get out of the crisis. At the expense of internal reserves, the network of its institutions and scientific units was reorganized. After the declaration of Ukraine’s independence, a number of academic institutions were created as part of the Earth Department of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. In 1996, the Ukrainian flag was raised in Antarctica – Ukraine, according to an agreement between the British and Ukrainian governments, officially took possession of the “Faraday” research station, which became the property of Ukraine and received the name “Akademik Vernadsky”. Information provided regarding the Targeted comprehensive programs of resource-oriented scientific research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine: “Mineral resources of Ukraine and their extraction” (2004–2008), “Comprehensive bio-resource, hydrophysical and geological-geophysical research of the marine environment, promising oil and gas structures and mapping of the distribution of gas hydrates in the water area of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov” (2007–2009), “Strategic Mineral Resources of Ukraine” (2009–2015), “Comprehensive Assessment of the State and Forecasting of the Dynamics of the Marine Environment and Resources of the Azov-Black Sea Basin” (2010–2012), “Comprehensive Monitoring, Assessment and forecasting the dynamics of the state of the marine environment and the resource base of the Azov-Black Sea basin under conditions of growing anthropogenic load and climate change” (2013–2015), “Mineral and raw material base of Ukraine as the basis of state security” (2016–2020), “Critical and strategic mineral resources of Ukraine under the conditions of globalization and climate change” (2021–2025). In a difficult time for the country, scientists of the Department of Earth Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in the conditions of war continue their activities aimed at maintaining the functioning of the branches of the economy of Ukraine, monitoring the state of the environment and ensuring counteraction to the aggressor and adverse natural phenomena.

Управління стійким розвитком підприємств агропродовольчої сфери в контексті інноватики персоналу та трансферу знань

The article is devoted to managing the sustainable development of agro-food enterprises in the context of personnel innovation and knowledge transfer. Based on the research, it was proposed that the factors influencing the sustainable development of agro-food enterprises be arranged. The purpose of the study was to study the management of sustainable development of agro-food enterprises in the context of personnel innovation and knowledge transfer. The transition to a modernization development model is possible because the state reduces funding (primarily from budget funds) to the full extent of its vulnerable sectors of the economy, especially the extractive industries and industrial production. The primary funding should be directed to the creation of innovative products that ensure the increase in the competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy and the development of high-tech production (ensuring the formation of innovative clusters of the economy thanks to the definition of “growth points” that allow for more effective dissemination of innovations); establishing the transparency of investment decision-making and budgetary financing of innovative projects, ensuring their reasonableness and expediency; active fight against corruption and the introduction of effective public control over the execution of state orders when conducting competitions (tenders) for investment projects. The characteristics of factors affecting socio-economic development should be considered in more detail within the following groups: international, environmental, financial and economic, demographic, socio-cultural and, political and legal factors. Factors of indirect influence have the same effect on all economic entities in the same strategic group. Therefore, their influence on the competitiveness of economic entities in the agro-food sector cannot be considered decisive. Management decisions made with the help of feedback may significantly reflect the factors of indirect influence on the management of the sustainable development of agro-food enterprises in the context of personnel innovation and knowledge transfer, which is the subject of further research. Keywords: management, sustainable development, enterprises, agro-food sector, innovation, personnel, knowledge transfer, innovation management, personnel management.

Impact of the War on Entrepreneurship in Ukraine

The study analyzes the transformations, challenges, and issues faced by Ukrainian entrepreneurs due to Russia’s war against Ukraine. The work is based on a comparative analysis of survey results from Ukrainian entrepreneurs over the period of 2022–2023 regarding the problems and challenges they encounter. This allowed for identifying the directions of transformation of business problems and creating a map of the issues faced by Ukrainian entrepreneurs. Additionally, an aggregated ranking of the problems and challenges of Ukrainian businesses in 2023 was developed. This foundation enables the modeling of strategic development for the Ukrainian economy as a whole and strategic management for individual business entities.

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN THE FACE OF RISK AND UNCERTAINTY

The relevance of the scientific study of the essence and importance of strategic management in conditions of risk and uncertainty is due to the challenges of the times, characterized by crisis conditions in many areas of economic activity and life support, as well as the growth of competitive conditions for various segments of the business environment. The research methodology is based on the principles of science and systematicity. To analyze the essential features of strategic management and to study the significance of applying modern innovative approaches to analyze and monitor certain changes under conditions of risk and uncertainty, the author uses the methods of comparative analysis, analytical and synthetic, statistical, abstract and logical. Although, at first glance, the results of scientific research on a wide range of scientific issues related to strategic management have been published, the requirements of the times require further research not only in general, but also taking into account the specifics of various sectors of the economy, in particular in conditions of uncertainty, the crisis in the Ukrainian economy, etc. To reveal the essence and significance of strategic management in the context of risk and uncertainty in the business environment, the author presents in more detail the characteristics of the main criteria and levers of influence on the formation of the basic foundations of strategic management. The advantages and disadvantages characterizing the peculiarities of the activities of enterprises in various sectors of the economy are determined, taking into account modern levers of influence. The author proves the special importance of taking into account external and internal factors that have an impact or may, under certain circumstances, affect the activities of enterprises both in conditions of stable development and taking into account conditions of risk and uncertainty. The study provides grounds to summarize the existing experience of enterprises of various forms and types of business and to assert the importance of planning their activities not only for short and medium-term periods in a competitive environment, but also to think strategically, anticipating and overcoming crisis situations and conditions of uncertainty, directing their efforts towards sustainable (balanced) development.

IMPACT OF THE WAR ON UKRAINE'S INVESTMENT CLIMATE: RISK ASSESSMENT AND PROSPECTS FOR FOREIGN INVESTORS

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war on the investment climate in Ukraine. Based on current statistical data and expert assessments, the main risks for foreign investors caused by military actions on the country's territory are identified. Among them are: large-scale destruction of critical infrastructure, disruption of established logistics chains, a rapid decline in the purchasing power of the population, as well as a high level of uncertainty regarding the further course and duration of the armed conflict. At the same time, the author considers the potential prospects for restoring the investment attractiveness of Ukraine in the conditions of post-war reconstruction. Special emphasis is placed on forecasting the likely dynamics and sectoral structure of foreign investment in the Ukrainian economy starting from 2025, based on the assumption of the completion of the active phase of hostilities. Based on the identified competitive advantages of Ukraine, a set of measures is proposed to improve the national investment environment in the medium and long term. They include ensuring macroeconomic stability, carrying out structural reforms of the regulatory and judicial systems, strengthening the institutional protection of investors' rights, as well as attracting large-scale financial and technical assistance from international partners. At the same time, the author emphasizes the critical importance of forming a holistic strategic vision for the development of Ukraine as a competitive and investment-attractive state in the long-term horizon, which requires the implementation of a targeted policy to stimulate innovation, build modern infrastructure and integrate into global value chains. The article also analyzes the experience of other countries that have suffered significant economic losses due to military conflicts, and highlights the most effective strategies for restoring investment attractiveness in post-war reconstruction. In particular, successful examples of attracting foreign investment in the countries of the Balkan region and Southeast Asia, which managed to quickly overcome the consequences of armed confrontations and ensure sustainable economic growth, are considered. Based on this experience, the author proposes to adapt best practices to Ukrainian realities, taking into account the specifics of the national institutional environment and geopolitical context. Special attention is paid to the role of international financial institutions, in particular the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, in supporting investment processes in Ukraine in the context of post-war recovery. The importance of aligning their financial and technical assistance programs with national development priorities and ensuring effective coordination of efforts of all stakeholders is emphasized. In summary, the author concludes that restoring the investment attractiveness of Ukraine in the conditions of post-war reconstruction will require a comprehensive approach that combines urgent measures to overcome the devastating consequences of the war with strategic initiatives aimed at ensuring the long-term competitiveness of the national economy. Only under such conditions will Ukraine be able to fully realize its investment potential and become an attractive destination for international capital in the post-war world.

Social entrepreneurship as a strategic pattern for the development of the Ukrainian economy

This article explores social entrepreneurship as a strategic pattern for the development of the Ukrainian economy. The authors analyze the current state of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine, its role and impact on addressing urgent social issues such as poverty, unemployment, inequality, and environmental challenges. Special attention is given to how social enterprises can contribute to sustainable economic development and social stability amidst continuous economic and political changes. The article also examines international experiences and recommendations for the development of social entrepreneurship that can be beneficial for the Ukrainian context. The study is based on the analysis of scientific literature and empirical data, which allows the conclusion the potential of social entrepreneurship as a key element in the strategic development of Ukraine.

THE POTENTIAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HYDRO- GEN ECONOMY IN UKRAINE UNTIL 2030

The proposed study is devoted to defining a set of means, methods and conditions that enable the creation of a sustainable and efficient hydrogen economy in Ukraine for the period up to 2030. The study itself is aimed at studying the features of the operation of the hydrogen square concept, which illustrates the various stages of the hydrogen value chain from production to final use, and the potential opportunities for the development of the hydrogen economy in Ukraine until 2030. Using the hydrogen square, safeguards across the entire hydrogen value chain – production, storage, transport and use – are discussed, highlighting the need for a balanced approach to ensure a sustainable and efficient hydrogen economy. It has been determined that the greatest potential opportunities for the development of the hydrogen economy in Ukraine for the period up to 2030 are the transportation of a mixture of hydrogen with natural gas (gitan) through the Ukrainian GTS and the production of methane from green hydrogen (synthetic methane) through the implementation of Power-to-Gas technology. It has been found that the readiness of gas transport networks to transport a mixture of hydrogen with natural gas (gitan) differs greatly in different EU countries, and the industry itself is currently at a very early stage of development. Blending is likely to be a temporary or transitional solution, given the existence of a technical and economic limit to the volume of hydrogen concentration that traditional gas infrastructure can handle. The possibility of using Power-to-Gas technology in Ukraine, in the city of Dnipro, is described. The production of synthetic methane through the implementation of the Power-to-Gas technology will provide an opportunity to obtain the gitan mixture without the use of fossil fuels in the future, which will enable the hydrogen economy to function completely without fossil fuels.

Foresight of the development of rural tourism in Ukraine in the post-war period

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to develop alternative scenarios for the development of rural tourism through the foresight methodology. Methodology / approach. Theoretical interpretations were formed by general scientific methods and approaches. To assess the prospects for the development of revitalisation of rural tourism, the method of scanning the horizon was used, which demonstrated the main tendencies and trends of the market and consumer tourism needs. Empirical methods made it possible to work out the stressors of systemic national crises, the global COVID pandemic, a full-scale war, which threaten the subjects of rural tourism with extraordinary losses and critical destruction of the material and technical base, losses of tourist interest – that is, questioning the existence of business as a whole. Therefore, an important task today is to draw up foresight scenarios and tactics that will create modules of investment attractiveness and mechanisms for the rapid accumulation of financial, architectural and construction, infrastructural and social potentials for the recovery of the economy of territorial units and the country as a whole. Results. Since forecasting is based on three “whales” (actual state, business experience and prospects), the foresight methodology is represented by tools with appropriate characteristics and management competencies. Therefore, in order to avoid complications and contradictions in the foresight of rural tourism, it is suggested to think over and install profiles of investment proposals, foresight scenarios for realising the possibilities of its restoration. Reasoned positions reflect the relevance of foresight research for assessing future prospects and opportunities for the restoration of rural tourism in Ukraine. The results of the study shed light on opportunities for rural development and suggest interventions to create a fully sustainable ecosystem. The study provides actionable information for rural tourism actors, stakeholders and potential investors who can benefit from forecasting the prospects and expectations emerging in rural tourism in the post-war period. Originality / scientific novelty. The scientific value of the research lies in the evaluation of the prospects for the development of rural tourism as a direction of diversification of the agricultural economy of Ukraine in 2019–2023 and the post-war period. A model for forming the investment profile of a rural tourism subject is proposed for implementation. Practical value / implications. The practical value of the research lies in the fact that it can be used as a tool for building effective cooperation in the development of plans and programs aimed at partnership relations with rural communities of Ukraine, tourism subjects, estate owners, etc. The value of this study lies in the foresight of rural tourism development prospects, which determine the competitive advantage of rural areas, with an emphasis on a relatively new and controversial topic after the war in Ukraine, namely its positioning in the structure of the restorative mechanism of regional development and tourism.

InnoVATIVeneSS OF THE UKRAINIAN EConoMY on THE WAY to THE EU

The article is devoted to the assessment of the level of innovativeness of the Ukrainian economy in comparison with the innovativeness of the economies of the European Union countries based on the Global Innovation Index 2023 and the justification of ways to increase it in the course of advancing to full membership in the EU. In the course of the study, the hypothesis that there is a close connection between the level of the country’s development, which is measured by the GDP per capita indicator in the model, and the absolute value of the global innovation index was confirmed (correlation coefficient is 0.868). However, Ukraine, which belongs to the group with a below-average GDP per capita indicator, is ahead of more than 30 countries with high and above-average GDP per capita indicators according to the Global innovation index. This strengthens the hope that the creation of the necessary conditions for the realization of innovative potential will be able to accelerate economic growth and lead to a significant increase in GDP in the post-war period. The comparison of the global index of innovativeness of Ukraine with the similar indicator of the EU countries carried out in the article showed a certain lag of our country, which arose in recent years, which can be explained by Russian aggression. However, this lag is not fundamental and can be overcome in a short time. Moreover, among the candidate countries for joining the EU, Ukraine ranks among the top three in terms of innovativeness. Therefore, such a lag should not become an obstacle on the way to the EU. A more detailed analysis of individual indicators that form the global index of innovativeness revealed significant heterogeneity of the innovative environment of the Ukrainian economy, because its rating according to these indicators ranges from 1 to 130. Ukraine’s achievements in performance indicators, which are calculated in relation to GDP, are quite good, which once again confirmed the conclusion that there is a disproportion between the potential and actual volumes of production. The biggest lag is recorded in the indicators related to the business environment, its stability and the legal norms that regulate it. A serious problem for Ukraine is the lack of market and organizational infrastructure. These issues should become the object of special attention of the state on the way to the EU.

PROSPECTS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BIOLOGICAL METHANATION TECHNOLOGIES IN UKRAINE

The search and development of alternative energy sources as a substitute for scarce natural gas is an extremely important task for the Ukrainian economy. Methanation, that is, the reaction of converting carbon dioxide and hydrogen to produce synthetic renewable methane, is one way to solve this problem. The directions and features of methanation technologies implemented today in the world are considered. The structural diagram and production of components of biological methanation technology as the most promising for Ukraine are described. Two concepts of biomethanation are considered: in-situ and ex-situ. In-situ methanation is a combination of anaerobic digestion and biological methanation processes in a single digester. However, when implementing such methanation, difficulties arise due to differences in the optimal conditions for the occurrence of these processes. Ex-situ methanation occurs in separate reactors, where it is possible to autonomously establish optimal conditions for acetogenesis and methanogenesis. Thus, the in-situ concept, compared to the ex-situ concept, is much cheaper and easier to implement, but is still much more difficult to implement the methanation process. The relevance of introducing methanation technologies in Ukraine is due to the active development and implementation of bioenergy technologies using large bioresources existing in the country. A promising direction for the implementation of methanation technologies in Ukraine is the use of biological methanation technologies for the production of biomethane and synthetic renewable methane. Establishing the production of biomethane and synthetic renewable methane will also help solve such pressing problems as accumulating unstable electricity from solar and wind power plants, which can become a powerful stimulator for the development of these areas of alternative energy. In addition, methanation protects the environment from CO2, converting it from a greenhouse gas into a fuel. Bibl. 18, Fig. 2.

Аnalysis and systematisation of the influence of risks on the innovation and investment activities of the enterprise in the conditions of post-conflict transformation

Despite the fact that the situation in Ukraine's economy remains challenging, as the economic environment does not create reliable preconditions for economic growth, economic and social problems continue to persist, deepen and exacerbate. The country's economy is currently characterized by a pronounced raw material-based economy with an underdeveloped manufacturing industry. Ensuring qualitative transformational changes in the economy is not possible without consistent capital accumulation of enterprises on a simple and expanded basis. The tools used by domestic enterprises (traditional instruments and methods) to manage innovation and investment activities are imperfect, as they do not allow timely identification and forecasting of possible risks, accurate assessment of the decline in innovation and investment potential and economic sustainability of enterprises. Identification of the cause and effect relationships of crisis phenomena ensures the implementation of the anti-crisis management mechanism in a transformational economy. For successful innovation and investment activities of an enterprise in the context of post-conflict transformation, a qualitative analysis and systematization of the impact of risks is necessary. The aim of the article is to analyze and systematize the impact of risks on the innovation and investment activity of enterprise in the context of post-conflict transformation. To achieve this goal, all types of risks of innovation and investment activity were systematized according to certain features and depicted schematically. The article analyses approaches to risk definition, investment risks, innovation risks, specific risks, innovation risks according to the subject of innovation, and risks of entrepreneurial activity. It is noted that the analysis of risk impact contributes to the further development of the theory of riskology. It is concluded that systematization of the impact of risks on the innovation and investment activities of enterprise in the context of post-conflict transformation is necessary to formalize the risk management processes at enterprises. The author notes that in the context of military conflict and post-conflict transformations, new types of risks may arise, so this issue requires further research.