Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Research Articles

Enhancing Business Process Efficiency Through Digital Transformation

Introduction: The paper reveals the impact of digital transformation on the efficiency of business processes. Objectives: The aim of the study is to reveal the impact of digital transformation on the efficiency of business processes. The object of the study is Ukrainian cultural heritage. Methods: The study used the following research methods: description, comparison, analysis and synthesis, literature analysis, and generalisation. Results: The study used the following research methods: description, comparison, analysis and synthesis, literature analysis, and generalisation. The article reveals the impact of digital transformation on the efficiency of business processes. It describes the essence of the concept of “digital transformation”. It characterises the main factors of influence on modern business processes and identifies trends in the business world. The main directions of digital transformation of the business environment are considered. The trends in the use of cloud technologies, digital services, data collection and analysis, and digital networks in companies' business processes are identified. The main advantages of using these technologies in the business environment are identified. Conclusions: The costs of introducing digital technologies in Ukrainian companies' business processes are analysed. The directions for implementing digital transformations in Ukrainian companies' business processes in 2023 (in %) are considered. The trends of digital transformation in the business processes of domestic enterprises are identified.

Strategy for the Restoration and Storage of Documents in Archives During The War Time

The aim of the article is to study and analyse current problems and challenges related to the restoration and storage of archival materials; to develop a systematic and effective strategy for their further saving and re-establishing. Research methods. General scientific and special methods are used in order to research the current state of archival documents in the war time, and to develop a strategy of their restoration and storage: theoretical (analysis, synthesis, generalisation), empirical (description), review analysis, comparison, etc. The methodological basis of the study is an integrated approach, including analysis of scientific sources, legislative basis, modern methods of restoration and storage of archival documents, as well as the study of the best national and international experience in this sphere. The scientific novelty grounds on the development and substantiation of a comprehensive strategy for the restoration and storage of archival documents in conditions of current challenges, particularly, in the context of military operations. The best practices of restoration and storage of archival documents are researched; key strategic goals are identified; practical recommendations for their implementation are elaborated. Main conclusions. The developed strategy includes several key steps, such as stocktaking and classification of documents, creation of conditions for storing, digital archiving, preventive conservation and restoration. Staff training and permanent strategy improvement are also important aspects of the successful implementation of this activity. Archives employees must have necessary skills and knowledge to effectively perform their duties in the sphere of storing and processing archival materials. Successful implementing of this strategy is determined by the ability to effective storage and access of Ukrainian cultural heritage for current and future generations.

Cultural Heritage of Ukraine in the Conditions of the Russo-Ukrainian War: Causes and Consequences of Armed Aggression

Cultural Heritage of Ukraine in the Conditions of the Russo-Ukrainian War: Causes and Consequences of Armed Aggression

Genocidal Dimensions of the Russo-Ukrainian War: Targeting the People and Cultural Heritage of Ukraine

When the Russian Federation launched a full-scale aggression against Ukraine, it violated the prohibition on the “use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state”, embodied in Article 2, paragraph 4, of the United Nations Charter. The crimes committed by the Russian armed forces since 24 February 2022 in Ukraine constitute the most serious crimes of international concern, as confirmed by the International Criminal Court’s arrest warrant for Russian President Vladimir Putin and the Presidential Commissioner for Children’s Rights Maria Alekseyevna Lvova-Belova in connection with specific acts classified by this court as war crimes. At the same time, to constitute a crime of genocide, there must be a proven intent on the part of the accused to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group. This article examines the war crimes perpetrated by the Russian armed forces against the civilian population of Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian war and identifies signs of genocidal intent in these actions. It analyses explicit acts of genocide including killings, causing serious bodily or mental harm, the forced transfer of Ukrainian children to Russia and occupied territories, and the intentional creation of living conditions geared toward the physical destruction of the Ukrainians as a nation. Additionally, the article scrutinises the attacks on the country’s cultural heritage sites, which in turn can be qualified depending on the circumstances, as war crimes (when, inter alia, military necessity is not justified and the principle of distinguishing between military and civilian targets is violated), crimes against humanity (when they are systematic), or genocide (when they are part of a policy of identity destruction). The author demonstrates that Russian aggression against Ukraine not only poses a threat to the territorial integrity and state sovereignty of the country, but also seeks to annihilate – at least partially – the Ukrainian nation, its identity, and its cultural heritage. The Russo-Ukrainian conflict exhibits signs of a genocidal campaign that are recognised by international law under the 1948 Genocide Convention. This is manifested in an attempt to commit genocide, direct and public incitement for genocide, and the commission of genocide in certain territories, specifically in Bucha and Mariupol. However, substantiating and proving the crime across all of Ukraine will be more difficult and may take years. An exception to this challenge is the mass transfer of almost 4,500 Ukrainian orphans to Russia – a crime that concerns the entire country. Additionally, acts of torture and killings that occurred in the early stages of the full-scale invasion (February and March 2022) in the Kyiv and Chernihiv regions exhibit signs of genocide committed in certain territories. At the same time, the existing facts, viewed through a historical prism, indicate that the actions taken by Russian forces in Ukraine embody the characteristics of genocide.

Genocidal Dimensions of the Russo-Ukrainian War: Targeting the People and Cultural Heritage of Ukraine

When the Russian Federation launched a full-scale aggression against Ukraine, it violated the prohibition on the “use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state”, embodied in Article 2, paragraph 4, of the United Nations Charter. The crimes committed by the Russian armed forces since 24 February 2022 in Ukraine constitute the most serious crimes of international concern, as confirmed by the International Criminal Court’s arrest warrant for Russian President Vladimir Putin and the Presidential Commissioner for Children’s Rights Maria Alekseyevna Lvova-Belova in connection with specific acts classified by this court as war crimes. At the same time, to constitute a crime of genocide, there must be a proven intent on the part of the accused to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group. This article examines the war crimes perpetrated by the Russian armed forces against the civilian population of Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian war and identifies signs of genocidal intent in these actions. It analyses explicit acts of genocide including killings, causing serious bodily or mental harm, the forced transfer of Ukrainian children to Russia and occupied territories, and the intentional creation of living conditions geared toward the physical destruction of the Ukrainians as a nation. Additionally, the article scrutinises the attacks on the country’s cultural heritage sites, which in turn can be qualified depending on the circumstances, as war crimes (when, inter alia, military necessity is not justified and the principle of distinguishing between military and civilian targets is violated), crimes against humanity (when they are systematic), or genocide (when they are part of a policy of identity destruction). The author demonstrates that Russian aggression against Ukraine not only poses a threat to the territorial integrity and state sovereignty of the country, but also seeks to annihilate – at least partially – the Ukrainian nation, its identity, and its cultural heritage. The Russo-Ukrainian conflict exhibits signs of a genocidal campaign that are recognised by international law under the 1948 Genocide Convention. This is manifested in an attempt to commit genocide, direct and public incitement for genocide, and the commission of genocide in certain territories, specifically in Bucha and Mariupol. However, substantiating and proving the crime across all of Ukraine will be more difficult and may take years. An exception to this challenge is the mass transfer of almost 4,500 Ukrainian orphans to Russia – a crime that concerns the entire country. Additionally, acts of torture and killings that occurred in the early stages of the full-scale invasion (February and March 2022) in the Kyiv and Chernihiv regions exhibit signs of genocide committed in certain territories. At the same time, the existing facts, viewed through a historical prism, indicate that the actions taken by Russian forces in Ukraine embody the characteristics of genocide.

CREATIVE APPROACHES TO PROMOTING CULTURAL HERITAGE OF UKRAINE AND TOURISM THROUGH MODERN SOUVENIRS

Purpose. To analyze and explore the possibilities of using creative approaches to the creation and promotion of Ukrainian souvenirs as a tool for preserving and popularizing cultural heritage. Design/methodology/approach. To substantiate the need to study and improve the competitiveness of Ukrainian souvenir products through the introduction of creative approaches, the author uses the method of literature review. To study the essence of Ukrainian souvenirs, the author uses the methods of scientific research of theoretical and logical explanation, systematization and clarification. Findings. This study has shown the high importance of Ukrainian souvenirs in the process of preserving and popularizing Ukraine's cultural heritage. The survey found that innovative and creative approaches to the production of souvenirs significantly increase their attractiveness among consumers, especially among tourists interested in national culture. In particular, 90.6% of respondents showed an active interest in traveling to Ukraine, and 32.1% of them frequently visit tourist destinations, which indicates the country's popularity as a tourist destination. The majority of respondents are interested in purchasing souvenirs as symbolic reminders of the places they have visited, with a particular focus on those that reflect national identity and cultural characteristics. Creative souvenirs that combine traditional elements with modern technology and design are well received by consumers and contribute to the promotion of Ukraine's cultural values on the international stage. Thus, Ukrainian souvenirs not only promote tourism, but also play an important role in preserving cultural heritage and stimulating the local economy through the use of traditional techniques and local materials. The research shows that the introduction of innovative technologies in the creation of souvenirs is a key factor in the successful development of tourism in Ukraine and the preservation of the national cultural heritage. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that creative and innovative approaches to the production and promotion of Ukrainian souvenirs are key factors for the preservation of national cultural heritage and tourism development. Research shows that souvenirs that combine traditional elements with modern design and technology have a significant impact on shaping a positive image of the country and increasing interest among both locals and international tourists. The introduction of innovations such as 3D modeling of historical monuments and the use of eco-friendly materials helps to popularize Ukrainian culture and adds value to souvenirs. In addition, the integration of souvenirs into tourist services and active digital marketing allows for effective audience expansion and stimulates interest in Ukrainian cultural heritage. Thus, modern souvenirs are not only an element of national identity, but also a powerful tool for the development of tourism and cultural diplomacy in Ukraine. Practical significance. Specific recommendations are offered for the development of tourism through the use of modern souvenirs, combining traditional Ukrainian elements with innovative approaches. The strategies outlined in the article can be applied in real business, the tourism industry and the production of souvenirs. Originality/value. The originality and value of the article lies in the combination of traditional Ukrainian cultural heritage with modern technologies and creative approaches for the development of the souvenir industry. New ideas are proposed, such as creating souvenirs using 3D models of historical monuments and integrating augmented reality (AR), which makes it relevant in the context of global trends and modern tourist needs. The value of the work is also manifested in practical recommendations for souvenir producers and travel companies on the use of eco-friendly materials, innovative designs, and interactive elements. This approach contributes to the popularization of Ukrainian cultural heritage both nationally and internationally, while opening up new opportunities for the development of Ukraine's economy and tourism.

Фонд Єлисаветградського реального училища в Державному архіві Кіровоградської області: історія, склад та структура

The purpose of the research is to research the history, composition and structure of the fund of the Yelisavetgrad Zemstvo Real School (ESRU) in the State Archive of the Kirovohrad Region, based on the work of its predecessors and the existing source base. The research methodology is based on fundamental general scientific principles (objectivity, comprehensiveness, complexity, historicism, determinism), which is the worldview basis of archival theory, as well as on the use of methods - analysis and synthesis, system analysis, historical method, scientific heuristics method, identification methods and classification of documents. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time a comprehensive analysis of the composition and structure of the fund of the Yelisavetgrad Real School in the State Archives of the Kirovohrad Region was carried out, which includes cases with documents of various types: with normative and administrative documentation, business correspondence, with minutes of meetings, with reporting documentation, with personal documents, with educational documentation; the historical significance of the Yelisavetgrad Zemstvo real school as an educational institution of regional and national importance is substantiated, and its role in the formation of the educational, social and cultural sphere of the 19th and early 20th centuries is also considered. Conclusions. A study of the history, composition and structure of the "Elysavetgrad Zemstvo Real School" fund in the State Archive of the Kirovohrad Region confirms its significant informational potential. Yelisavetgrad Zemstvo real school, founded in 1870, was one of the largest educational institutions of that time. The fund provides rich opportunities for research in the history of education, administrative practice, as well as social and cultural processes that took place in Ukraine in the context of historical changes of the 19th and 20th centuries. Preservation of the fund in the State Archive of the Kirovohrad region is important for the preservation of the historical heritage of the region. Thirty-four cases in the analyzed fund of the EZRU were classified as particularly valuable, two - as a "unique documentary monument". Thus, the fund of Yelisavetgrad real school in the State Archive of Kirovohrad region is a rich source for research in the field of history of education, social changes and cultural heritage of Ukraine.

Радянська та нацистсь- ка музейна пропаганда на прикладі окупованого Львова та Києва (1939- 1942 рр.).

The purpose of the research is to analyze, based on archival sources and historiography, the specific features of how the occupying totalitarian regimes used museum activities as a form of propaganda during World War II in 1939-1942. The research methodology relies on the principles of the concrete-historical approach, or historicism, objectivity, comprehensiveness and integrity, systematicity, as well as on the use of methods such as analysis and synthesis, historical-comparative, historical-typological, and problem-chronological methods. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that, for the first time in historiography, key characteristics of propaganda in the context of the "museum policies" of the Bilshovyk and Nazi totalitarian regimes are identified, using the examples of Lviv and Kyiv during the 1939-1942 period, based on archival sources. Conclusions. Ukrainian lands were drawn into the events of World War II as early as September 1939, when, under the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, the totalitarian Soviet Union occupied Western Ukraine. The Ukrainian national museum network (despite certain restrictions from official Warsaw), which had collected, preserved, and promoted Ukrainian cultural heritage in interwar Poland, was effectively dismantled. In 1939-1940, the Soviet authorities established their own museum structures in Lviv by dissolving and arbitrarily dispersing the collections of existing museums. The primary goal and objective of these new institutions were to conduct propaganda of communist ideology among the population, simultaneously erasing the achievements of national and state life in the region. The newly established historical, natural history, ethnographic, arts and crafts, and other museums propagated typical Leninist-Marxist narratives through exhibitions, displays, lectures, and other forms of museum educational activities. These narratives included themes of “class struggle” of the working people, “reunification” with the fraternal Russian peoples, and liberation from the “oppression of aristocratic Poland,” among others. In 1941, Lviv was occupied by Nazi Germany. During the occupation of Halychyna by the Third Reich, some pre-war Ukrainian museum institutions managed to resume their activities through the Ukrainian Cultural Center, led by Volodymyr Kubiyovych. At the same time, their activities were subjected to strict Nazi censorship and control. With the full occupation of Ukraine by the Nazis, the Museum-Archive of the Transitional Period was established in Kyiv in April 1942. This museum served an exclusively propagandistic purpose — to promote the so-called "civilizing" influence of Greater Germany on Nazi-occupied Ukraine and its capital, Kyiv. During its brief existence, the Museum-Archive of the Transitional Period organized an exhibition dedicated to the destruction of Ukrainian historical and cultural heritage in Kyiv by the Bilshovyk authorities.

Documentation of crimes against cultural heritage of Ukraine: main projects and initiatives with the support of civil society

The article analyzes the projects initiated and implemented by the public, related to the documentation of crimes against the national cultural heritage (NCH) of Ukraine in the conditions of a full-scale Russian invasion. It is noted that the activity of public organizations in documenting crimes against the Ukrainian National Security Service is conditioned by the need to form a single database of crime records of the Russian Federation, which will allow solving a number of issues that will become urgent after the end of hostilities. The classification of motives for crimes against cultural values in conditions of armed conflict is presented; the ways of accounting for cultural heritage and the principles of documenting damage to cultural heritage are outlined. It is emphasized that there is no National Blue Shield Committee in Ukraine, which is being created with the support of the Blue Shield International (BSI) by the decision of four other committees: the International Council of Museums (ICOM), the International Council for the Protection of Monuments and Historic Sites (ICOMOS), International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA). Within the scope of the powers of the official representative of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions in Ukraine, the NPA "Ukrainian Library Association", together with the official representative in Ukraine of the International Archives Committee, the State Archives Service of Ukraine, once again raised the issue of the creation of the Committee and joined the development of its charter. And although the creation of such a representation in Ukraine does not guarantee protection from Russian vandalism, the international experience of involving non-governmental organizations, representatives of authorities, cultural heritage protection bodies, the State Emergency Service, the National Police, and the Prosecutor's Office in the mission to assess the damage to the NCH in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war will enable in the future, to achieve fair decisions on the implementation of the Hague Convention and to receive funding for the restoration of cultural values.

Preserving and Disseminating Ukrainian Cultural Heritage in the Diaspora: The Experience of the Ukrainian History and Education Center in the United States

Preserving and Disseminating Ukrainian Cultural Heritage in the Diaspora: The Experience of the Ukrainian History and Education Center in the United States

Ukraine – ASEAN: new opportunities for strengthening partnership

The article provides a comprehensive scientific analysis of the current state of relations between Ukraine and ASEAN. The article considers promising areas of cooperation between them in the areas of food, agriculture, digitalisation, trade, energy, disaster management, demining, and socio-cultural cooperation. The author outlines Ukraine’s advantages in the field of agriculture and its ability to make a significant contribution to the sustainable supply of products to the ASEAN markets, given the production potential that far exceeds the needs of the domestic market. The article considers Ukraine’s readiness to share its experience in the field of digitalisation, given the existence of successful projects, such as the Diia mobile application developed by the Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine in 2019; the ‘Trembita’ system for electronic interaction of state electronic information resources; and experience in disaster prevention. And to learn from the experience of ASEAN member states in demining agricultural land in de-occupied communities, given their unique experience in demining in Cambodia, where years of war left a significant number of mines. It is proposed to develop and strengthen partnerships between the parties in the socio-cultural sphere to promote contemporary Ukrainian cinema, music, theatre, performance, literature, classical and contemporary fine arts. A separate area of this sphere is the promotion of the Ukrainian language among ASEAN countries, as well as the promotion of Ukrainian cultural heritage and projects in the field of culture and art of indigenous peoples and national minorities, including the promotion of Crimean Tatar culture in ASEAN countries.

A socioeconomic framework for cultural heritage loss and rebuilding in post-war Ukraine: a case study learning from the Balkan experiences

ABSTRACT The war that has been raging in Ukraine since 24 February has claimed thousands of lives. The attacks by Russian forces on residential and public buildings have caused material damage on a scale not seen since the Second World War, in violation of existing international conventions. Military operations have also targeted Ukrainian cultural heritage. The conflict in the former Yugoslavia in the 1990s, which was to some extent similar, also resulted in the destruction of a large amount of immovable heritage. This article outlines promising approaches to solving the key problems of post-war heritage restoration in Ukraine, taking into account the relevant experiences of the Balkan countries. The Balkan case can provide scientific added value derived from the synthesis of the Balkan and Ukrainian experiences to increase the effectiveness of reconstruction assistance from international institutions. Practical recommendations for the establishment of an efficient post-war heritage management system are also provided.

RENOVATION OF A TOWER-TYPE INDUSTRIAL BUILDING AS AN EXAMPLE OF THE WATER TOWER OF THE UKRAINIAN STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES

Purpose. Research and analysis of the main approaches to the renovation of tower-type industrial buildings, establishing a connection between the geometric space and the functional-spatial zoning of the premises created on their basis. Methodology. The study is devoted to one of the groups of neglected engineering structures, such as water towers. Such industrial facilities are already embedded in the infrastructure of the city, as a rule, they are embedded in dense urban development, which adds leverage for the preservation and renovation of such facilities. During the reconstruction of tower-type industrial buildings, there are problems of dismantling, removal and disposal of a large volume of structures and building materials. Study of national and international experience in renovation of tower-type industrial buildings. According to the requirements of DBN V.2.2-15:2019 "Buildings and structures. Residential buildings. Basic provisions" to the areas of the premises in a residential building, their placement in the space of the tower is analyzed in the process of designing the floors of the tower. Findings. The possibility of renovating the tower-type industrial structure of the water tower of the Ukrainian State University of Science and Technology into a residential building was considered. The architectural design of a 3-story residential building with the arrangement of separate entrances to the building with the help of an elevator and stairs and the distribution of spaces by floor according to functional purpose was completed. Originality. For the first time, the concept of a volume-planning solution for apartments in the limited space of a water tower was developed. This example gives impetus to the development of the reconstruction of tower-type buildings, their preservation as a historical and cultural heritage of Ukraine. Practical value. Water towers that are no longer used for their primary purpose can be reconstructed and can replenish the housing stock, acquire the significance of cultural and public centers in cities and settlements.

Theoretical principles of studyng the historical and cultural heritage of small towns of Ukraine

The purpose of the article is to study the influence of the historical and cultural heritage of small towns on the development of tourism in Ukraine. It was established that small cities of Ukraine have a significant potential for the development of tourism. These cities preserve a rich historical and culturalheritage, including ancient architecture, cultural monuments and traditions. The growing interest in travel and educational tourism creates opportunities for the development of the tourism potential of small towns. At the same time, the development of tourism contributes to the economic growth of small towns, creating new jobs and increasing income from the tourism business. It is important to take into account sociocultural aspects, as tourism can contribute to the preservation and popularization of local traditions, arts and crafts. Therefore, the study of the historical and cultural heritage of small towns will reveal unique resources that can attract tourists. Methodology. The methodological basis of the work is: the method of theoretical research, induction and deduction, observation, comparison, analysis and synthesis. The methodology is based on the principles of historicism, systematicity and scientificity. Scientific novelty. The scientific study emphasizes the role of the historical and cultural heritage of small towns of Ukraine and their opportunities for the development of tourism. Characterized: the conceptual apparatus of historical and cultural heritage, its features as an object of socio-geographical research and modern trends of cultural heritage in Ukraine. The results of the research will contribute to determining the potential of the historical and cultural heritage of small towns and its impact on the development of tourism in Ukraine. It is important to carry out a systematic monitoring study of the state of cultural heritage, which will allow timely detection of problems, evaluation of the effectiveness of preservation and use measures, and adjustment of tourism development strategies. Therefore, the research results can become the basis for the development of tourism development strategies and programs aimed at the attractiveness of small towns for domestic and foreign tourists.

Preservation of the museum heritage of Ukraine in the context of emphasizing national identity

The purpose of the study is to to show the need to preserve the museum heritage of Ukraine, to emphasize the importance of this process for Ukrainian national identity in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The methodology is based on the use of observation methods in relation to a wide set of data, specific facts; theoretical research method; the survey method, the method of systematic analysis of socio-economic phenomena, which made it possible to identify the main interrelationships and predict further development. The application of forecasting methods in the research will ensure the identification of prospects for the development of the museum business in Ukraine. Scientific novelty. The facts of the destruction and looting of museum institutions since the beginning of the full-scale Russian aggression have been considered. The condition of some museums of Ukraine in war zones is described. During the study of the topic, an attempt was made to solve the following tasks: to highlight the most resonant examples of damage and destruction by the Russian occupiers of museum heritage objects in the specified period; analyze these examples through the prism of statistics, scientific articles and journalistic evaluations; consider the public outcry that arose in connection with the facts of the destruction and looting of museums in war zones. Conclusions. The protection of cultural heritage sites as material manifestations of the centuries-old history of the Ukrainian people has become one of the strategic directions in resisting enemy expansion. Effective protection of Ukrainian cultural objects should be based on the experience of countries that have faced similar challenges and on modern mechanisms of international law, according to which Ukrainian cultural heritage is an integral part of the world’s cultural heritage. Due to the impossibility of physical access, the protection of monuments in the temporarily occupied territories is limited to political statements, monitoring the situation and documenting crimes against cultural objects. The tactics of conducting hostilities taking into account the value of cultural heritage objects and obtaining basic knowledge on the protection of monuments by servicemen of NATO armies deserve special attention in the context of offensive operations of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Innovatory Kharkiv Mass Housing Estates in Urban Planning of the 1960s-1980s

The destructions of the Russo-Ukrainian war are leading to a rapid loss of cultural heritage in Ukraine, including contemporary 20th century monuments in Kharkiv, the cradle of Ukrainian modernism. At the greatest risk are the sites, which were complex and not well understood heritage before the war - mass housing estates of 1960s-1980s. In view of the postwar reconstruction, there is a great need to analyze mass housing estates in Kharkiv as potential objects of preservation. The purpose of this article is to reveal the architectural and historical value of the first Kharkiv mass housing estates in terms of their innovation, which might be the basis for further preservation steps. The article focuses on the three earliest areas of mass housing estates of the city - Pavlovo Pole, Novi Budynky and Saltovsky mass housing, which were designed and built during the period of the transition to rapid and large-scale pre-fabricated industry in the late 1950s - early 1960s. It is namely during the design and construction of these estates that innovatory technologies and approaches were developed and tested, which were later used in the construction of new housing estates both in Kharkiv and in other cities of Ukraine. These innovations included the system of microdistricts, the staggered system of services for the population, and the method of focusing in urban planning. The creation of a number of standard series of pioneering residential buildings for mass industrial development by the “Kharkovproject” and “Ukrmistostroyproject” design institutes. The study is based on the reconstruction of the historical chronology of design work of 1960’s - 1980’s in the history of Ukrainian city planning; a comparative analysis of the first-erected housing estates, and the definition of the unique solutions of Kharkiv city planners that were implemented in the development of the first housing estates in Kharkiv.

Історико-культурна спадщина України в умовах екзистенційного виклику

The aim of the article is the assessment of the situation of Ukrainian historical and cultural heritage in conditions of an extremely high level of threat for its existence because of the full-scale war of the russian federation against Ukraine and future prospects. Scientific novelty is based on the formulation and presentation of the complex of theoretical and methodological aspects of identification, personification, decolonization, national and global significance of the historical and cultural heritage of Ukraine, its preservation and use; the analysis of objective trends in the formation of conditions for its future existence. Conclusions. The presentation of the material, in particular of certain debatable issues, allows us to draw conclusions about the main conceptual provisions, the identification, personification of Ukrainian material and spiritual heritage, the decolonization of museum content. It opens the way to determine the scope, national, multicultural and global components, the contribution of Ukrainian historical and cultural heritage to the world civilization development. Today’s realities require the formulation of new foundations for the protection and preservation of monuments of history and culture (monumental art and archeology as immovable and movable heritage components; museums, reserves, research and educational institutions as establishments of its location.); study of the peculiarities of new contours of the historical and cultural space formation, its existence and development in the conditions of the continuation of military operations and after their termination, new principles of the search and return of the historical and cultural heritage on the basis of international law; the improvement of the existing world legislation taking into account the specificity of modern forms of aggression and military crimes based on the factual material of the russia-Ukraine war.

To save a cultural heritage: Lessons from a volunteer network’s support to Ukrainian cultural heritage institutions

This paper is a short summary of the experiences from the first one and a half years of support to the Ukrainian cultural heritage sector from the international volunteer network SUCHO (Saving Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online). The paper first outlines the current situation in Ukraine in the shadow of the full-scale Russian invasion and then focuses on the role of grassroots movements and the different forms of support provided by SUCHO. Finally, the paper discusses some key experiences from these efforts and addresses ideas for further support.

CURRENT ISSUES IN THE CRIMINAL LEGAL PROTECTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN UKRAINE

Since the preservation of cultural heritage sites is essential, their criminal legal protection remains relevant today. This study aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the norms of Ukraine's Criminal Code that, in one way or another, relate to the protection of Ukrainian cultural heritage. The research employed the methods of analysis, synthesis, scientific generalization, and formal-logical method. The paper explores Articles 178, 193, 201, 298, 307, and 316 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. In the context of Article 178 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, it is stated that the subject of this criminal offense - a religious building or place of worship - is much narrower than the concept of "cultural heritage." At the same time, Articles 193 and 201 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine specify that the subject can only be a tangible object associated with intangible cultural heritage objects.Part 2 of Article 298 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine directly relates to the criminal-legal protection of cultural heritage in Ukraine. The article analyzes the sanctions of Part 2 of Article 298 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and provides recommendations for determining punishment under this part of the article. The paper also describes violations of legislative technique in constructing the composition of the criminal offense stipulated in Part 2 of Article 298 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and offers recommendations for their elimination.

Documentation and registration of damages and destructions of cultural heritage objects during the armed aggression of Russia against Ukraine

The purpose of the study is to highlight the main aspects of accounting and registration of national cultural heritage of Ukraine, to describe the current state of documentation of crimes committed by the russian federation against Ukrainian cultural heritage on the territory of Ukraine, and to outline the prospects for digitisation and creation of an online register of cultural heritage of Ukraine. The methodological approach of the study is based on the use of both general scientific and specific methods of cognition. These include: terminological analysis, systems analysis, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis, logical analysis, and visualisation of research results. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the systematisation and analysis of methods for documenting and registering damages and destructions of cultural heritage objects caused by russia’s armed aggression against Ukraine, which allows for a deeper understanding and assessment of the scale and consequences of such actions on cultural heritage. Conclusions. The protection and preservation of unique cultural heritage during the war have become priority tasks for cultural institutions across Ukraine. Currently, the documentation of destruction and damage caused by russian occupying forces is particularly critical. Cultural values are always at high risk during armed conflicts. The military actions of the russian federation have led to horrific crimes against cultural heritage, including the destruction and mass exodus of cultural values, the scale of which is shocking. Fully assessing the damage in combat zones and occupied territories remains impossible. Active evidence collection of Russia’s war crimes against Ukrainian culture is ongoing. The situation in the war with Russian occupiers highlights a blatant disregard for international norms and UNESCO conventions concerning the protection of cultural objects and art collections, as well as violations of all established laws and customs of war, which constitute a large-scale military crime