Ukrainian Breed Research Articles

PHENOTYPIC CONSOLIDATION OF BROWN BREEDS COWS BY LINEAR TRAITS OF CONFORMATION TYPE

Breeding practice testifies that phenotypic and genetic specificity and an appropriate level of consolidation by leading economically useful traits are important characteristics and binding conditions for testing and subsequent genetic progress of breeds and their structural breeding units. Therefore, in the aspect of estimation of the conformation type of brown breeds in Sumy region – Lebedyn, Ukrainian brown dairy and brown Swiss, the level of phenotypic consolidation coefficients of firstborn cows, evaluated by the method of linear classification, was studied. Five farms of Sumy region were used as the basis of experiments: PJSC “Plemzavod “Mykhailivka” Lebedynsky, PAF “Kolos” and SE “Pobeda” of Bilopilsky and pedigree reproducers – AJSCCT “Zorya” Okhtyrsky and JSC “Mayak” of Trostyanets districts. The coefficients of phenotypic consolidation (K1 and K2) of breeding groups of animals on linear traits of conformation were determined by formulas proposed by Yu. P. Polupan (2005). Taking into account the importance of estimation of breeds of dairy cattle created in the process of interbreed combinations, in the aspect of studying the genetic progress and the desired level of their phenotypic consolidation, determining the degree of coefficients of phenotypic consolidation of cows of brown breeds in Sumy region by linear traits, that characterize the conformation type of animals, is motivated and relevant research. According to the group traits of 100-point linear classification system was revealed that the most consolidated by type were animals of brown Swiss breed by all group traits (K1 = 0.274–0.362; K2 = 0.262–0.369) and the final type assessment (K1 = 0.304; K2 = 0.322). The negative values of phenotypic consolidation coefficients indicated that the least consolidated by type were animals of the Swiss breed, especially on the group traits that characterize the dairy type (K1 = -0.012; K2 = -0.021), udder (K1 = -0.212; K2 = -0.231) and the final score (K1 = -0.028; K2 = -0.023). Animals of Ukrainian brown dairy breed were closer to the peers of brown Swiss cattle by both group traits (K1 = 0.202; K2 = 0.268) and by the final score (K1 = 0.219; K2 = 0.279). The consolidation coefficients of brown Swiss cows by group traits are (K1 = 0.274; K2 = 0.362), and by the final estimate (K1 = 0.304; K2 = 0.322). In a comparative analysis of the level of phenotypic consolidation coefficients of descriptive traits of the type was determined that of the evaluated breeds significant advantage by the phenotypic consolidation of these traits have animals of brown Swiss breed. The most consolidated firstborn cows of this breed for important descriptive traits of angularity (K1 = 0.362; K2 = 0.375), rear width (K1 = 0.293; K2 = 0.306, attachment of front (K1 = 0.289; K2 = 0.309) and rear ( K1 = 0.225; K2 = 0.229) udder parts, central ligament expression (K1 = 0.333; K2 = 0.371), udder depth (K1 = 0.296; K2 = 0.312), placement (K1 = 0.286; K2 = 0.303) and teats length (K1 = 0.321; K2 = 0.313) and locomotion (K1 = 0.304; K2 = 0.333). The determined hereditary influence of breed on the degree of phenotypic consolidation of the majority of linear traits testifies to the possibility of effective breeding of dairy cattle by type with intensive use of purebred sires of brown Swiss breed with high score by the linear classification of type of their daughters.

The effectiveness of using protein mixed feed in feeding honey bees

The study of effectiveness of the use of protein feeding bees was carried out in the conditions of the apiary ALLC “Volodymyr” in village Shershni Tyvriv district of Vinnytsia oblast. According to the principle of analogous groups were selected bee colonies for the formation of experimental groups. Protein feed was moistened with 50% sugar syrup and filled in the honeycomb. According to the experimental scheme during the preparatory period the bee colonies of the experimental groups II, III and IV were fed a feed mixture in an amount of 25 g per day. According to the experimental scheme during the main period bee colonies were fed a feed mixture of 70 g per day. Accounting of bees brood on the set dates was carried out at the expense of a grid frame every 12 days. Commercial honey was determined by weighing after pumping from each bee colonies separately. Forage honey was determined by weighing the honeycomb and then subtracting the conditional mass of the honeycomb. During the experimental Ukrainian breed bee colonies were involved which they were kept in long hive. Care and maintenance for bee colonies were the same. It was studied the effectiveness of using combined protein feeds in bee feeding. It is proved that in the spring during the harvesting honey use protein feeds (defatted soya flour with soy peptides and pollen) for feeding bees has a positive effect on the brood rearing by bee colonies and the production of honey and wax in the following sequence: defatted soya flour and pollen (50 % + 50 %) defatted soya flour and soy peptides (50 % + 50 %) defatted soya flour (100 %).

Особливості процесу онтогенезу ремонтних телиць української чорно-рябої молочної породи

Особливості процесу онтогенезу ремонтних телиць української чорно-рябої молочної породи

Ecological Parameters of Outbreeding in the Interspecific Hybridization of the Common Carp

Aim. To assess the quality of offspring obtained by the method of outbreeding combination (F1), Ukrainian scaly carp with the Romanian Fresinet breeding group for the biological intensification of the ecological parameters of fishponds. Material and Methods. Serving as materials for this work were new brood-stock of cultured breeds of carp. As an improver of the indicators carp of the Romanian Fresinet breeding group obtained in crossbreeding with Ukrainian breeds of carp of heterosis combinations (F1) were used. The studies were conducted during 2014-2017 in the ponds of the Sarsky experimental farm in the May district of the Kabardino-Balkaria Republic (V Ecological-Phenological Fish Breeding Zone). Results. The study of the growth of hybrid fry of F x Ukr. scaly, Ukr. scaly x F was undertaken during 2014-2017. The resulting data shows that F x Ukr. scaly, Ukr. scaly x F hybrids are significant competitors for purebred carp. When comparing the data obtained with the results of the joint rearing of test and control carp, it is clear that the economic effect of joint rearing is very significant in terms of economy of space and artificial feed. Conclusion. Heterosis in growth and viability manifested through the crossing of carp of groups of different breeds permits us to recommend the widespread use of industrial crossbreeding of F x Ukr. scaly (inbreeding) in carp farming and particularly in regions with a high temperature range, i.e. in the North Caucasus.

FEATURES OF THE KARYOTYPE OF WHITE-HEADED COWS OF UKRAINIAN BREED

The White-Headed Ukrainian breed of cattle belongs to breeds of a dairy direction of productivity and belongs to small disappearing breeds. According to calculations, in accordance with the FAO recommendations, the White-Headed Ukrainian breed of cattle is at risk. The aim of the work was to establish the karyotype variability of White-Headed Ukrainian cows, whose animals belong to closed gene pool herds. Cytogenetic monitoring showed that the quantitative chromosome abnormalities, in particular aneuploidy, in White-Headed Ukrainian cows of two groups according to the purpose of the cow (selection nucleus and production group) did not exceed the spontaneous level of this variability (1.5-8.3%) and was 6.0% and 7.0% respectively. A multiple increase in the number of chromosomes (polyploidy) was not detected. The average value of metaphase plates with asynchronous differences in the centromeric regions of chromosomes was 1.0% and corresponded to the level of this variability characteristic of the species Bos taurus. The frequency of structural chromosome abnormalities (chromosomal breaks) in animals of the two groups was 2.3% and 2.0%, respectively, which corresponds to the norm characteristic of cattle with spontaneous mutagenesis. The results of the micronucleus test showed that the proportion of lymphocytes with micronuclei in animals of the two groups was in the range of 4.8 - 5.0%, dinuclear lymphocytes 5.6-6.4 %, and the proportion of dividing cells (mitotic index) was 2.8-3.8 %. The frequency of cells with aneuploidy in cows of the Ukrainian Black-Spotted dairy breed of this farm was established higher than the spontaneous level. The difference between the mean values on this basis in cows of White-Headed Ukrainian and Ukrainian Black-Spotted dairy breeds was statistically significant at P> 0.99. In cows of the Ukrainian Black-Spotted dairy breed under conditions of intensive use, an increase in the frequency of metaphases with aneuploidy was observed, which was not manifested in cows of the White-Headed Ukrainian breed.

THE EFFECT OF STOCKING DENSITY ON EGG PRODUCTION, PRESERVATION AND EFFICIENCY OF USING LAYING HENS IN BATTERY CAGES

The influence of different floor areas in cages on the productivity, safety and economic performance of laying hens was evaluated. The study was carried out on chickens of the Ukrainian breed Birkivska barvysta of the egg production direction, the gene pool of which is preserved in the State Poultry Research Station of NAAS. The total number of birds in the experiment was 568 laying hens.The experiment was carried out using cages with an area of 90 × 90 cm when placing in them 7, 8, 9 and 10 birds, which corresponded to a stocking density of 1157.1, 1012.5, 900 and 810 cm2 per hen. The experiment lasted 33 weeks, starting at 17 weeks of age. The weight of the birds was determined by individual weighing at the beginning and the end of the experiment. Accounting for egg production, feed costs and mortality was carried out daily, the weight of eggs was determined at the age of 30 weeks by weighing the daily harvest in the context of groups. It has been established that stocking density significantly affects the main zootechnical and economic indicators of keeping laying hens. A decrease in the cage area to 810 cm2 per hen due to an increase in the number of birds in it led to a significant decrease in egg production, final live weight and safety, as well as to a deterioration in feed conversion (P<0.05). At the same time, the change in stocking density did not have a particular effect on egg weight. The obtained results show that the optimal placement for cages of this type is the placement of 7-8 layers in them at a stocking density of 1000-1150 cm2 per hen and a feeder lengthof 11-12.5 cm.Under such conditions, due to higher egg production by 21-27 pieces, safety by 5.5-6.2% and lower feed costs for 10 eggs, by 0.46-0.56 kg from one layer received 53.5-69 UAH additional gains compared to 810 cm2 per hen with a 9 cm feeder length.Placing birds of 10 heads in a cage, although it allows increasing its number in the poultry house by 43%, as a result of an excessive reduction in the area of feeding and drinking, harms its productive and economic indicators. That is, the increase in space for the birds - is a management tool that can be used to optimize the performance of egg production, preservation and consumption of feed in laying hens.

Variability of dairy productivity of cows depending on the breeding method by lines

The effectiveness of intraline and interline selection at breeding of Sumy intrabreed type of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed were carried out in the breeding farms of Pidlisnivskoyi branch of PJSC “Raise-Maximko” and “Pershe Travnya” in the Sumy district. According to the results of researches of cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, regularities of influence on the level of traits of dairy productivity of different variants of selection were determined and confirmed by statistical reliability. According to the evaluation of cows under control herds obtained during intra-linear and interlinear selections, it was found that most often among the evaluated variants the offspring obtained from interlinear crosses were the best on the grounds of milk productivity. In the herd of breeding farm “Pershe Travnya” sires of Starbak's parental line 352790 were successfully combined in all investigated variants of interlinear crosses with maternal Eleveyshna 1491007, Valianta 1650414, S.T. Rokita 252803 and P.F.A. Chifa 1427381, as evidenced by the high milk yield of cows, received from these combinations, which was according to the first lactation 5837-6223 kg of milk and higher - 6525-7474 kg. The difference in milk yield of first-born cows obtained in the interlinear crosses with Starbak's parent line 352790 ranged from 404 (P <0.05) to 790 kg (P <0.001). In the system of linear breeding the reasonableness of carrying out regular monitoring to evaluate the combination of lines in the breeding process of dairy breeds is motivated. Reapplication of the most successful and abandonment of ineffective selection options will help to increase the genetic potential of dairy productivity of cattle produced by Ukrainian breeds. Key words: Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, lines, milk productivity.

ПАРАМЕТРИ ПРОМІРІВ ЛІНІЙНИХ ОЗНАК КОРІВ-ПЕРВІСТОК УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ БУРОЇ МОЛОЧНОЇ ПОРОДИ В АСПЕКТІ МЕТОДИКИ ЛІНІЙНОЇ КЛАСИФІКАЦІЇ ТВАРИН ЗА ЕКСТЕР’ЄРНИМ ТИПОМ

Research on the development of measurements of parameters of linear traits of cows-heifers Ukrainian brown dairy breed in the aspect of technique of linear classification conformation conducted at leading breeding herds of Sumy region.
 Summarizing the international experience and based on our own research to assess the cows for conformation type using a procedure meeting international standards, designed parameters measurements type traits cow body within the biological extremes for linear classification methodology Ukrainian animal brown dairy breed by conformation. Within the biological extremes of these characteristics are determined gradation levels with their respective assessment score within the 9-point scale.
 Although there are recommendations by the World Organization for the Standardization of Identification, Accounting and Evaluation of Farm Animals (ICAR), which are intended to standardize methods for assessing body structure in accordance with the rules and standards established by each international federation for the corresponding dairy cattle breeds, there are various methodological approaches for the use of different techniques in the framework of the number of linear traits and measurements of parameters, that are entered into an electronic database of assessment as indicators of a scale.
 Descriptive linear traits of type (linear type traits) are the basis for all modern type classification systems and the foundation in all systems for describing dairy cows. In all breeds, such criteria are taken into account that provide information on productive traits or having a limiting influence on the use of animals. The linear scale covers the expected biological limits of the population, and the number of descriptive traits and their parameters, which are measured, depends on the country, each breed in the country where the assessment is carried out, certain parameters of the ideal type of cow and breeding purposes.
 In determining the target parameters of the assessed traits in the linear classification system, the level of development of each specific body part of the conformation to the absolute value of the measurement against the background of the body structure of harmony and the model expression characteristic Ukrainian brown dairy breed, economic and breeding significance in correlation with milk production quantity, obtained at the appropriate level of the nine-point scale.
 The use of target parameters allows, through a comparison of linear measurements of traits, expressed in absolute units, to the corresponding development of conformation traits, expressed by a certain score in points, at a sufficient level of objectivity and reliability to estimate the conformation type cows first-calf Ukrainian brown dairy breed.
 The developed parameters of measurements of the development of linear traits within the limits of biological extremes allow expert-boniters to significantly minimize the influence of the subjective factor on the evaluation indicators as opposed to techniques that use only visual evaluation.

DOCTOR OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Yu. P. POLUPAN – REACHED CREATIVE PRICES AND PRIVACY OF SCIENCE

DOCTOR OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Yu. P. POLUPAN – REACHED CREATIVE PRICES AND PRIVACY OF SCIENCE

Dependence of the production process of rennet semi-solid cheeses on quality indicators of raw milk

The analysis of literature sources on the question of the relevance of the influence of raw milk and its casein fraction on the production of rennet cheeses is presented in the paper. The studies were conducted to determine the suitability of using milk for the production of rennet milk from raw materials of cows of Ukrainian brown dairy and Ukrainian black-rumped dairy breeds of the state enterprise “Research Institute of Agriculture of the North East of NAAS”. As a result of the studies on the cheesiness of milk samples from the two study groups, we can conclude that, compared to the literature data, the average milk values obtained from cows of Ukrainian brown dairy and Ukrainian black-and-white breeds are confirmed. While analyzing the technological parameters of milk, it should be noted that there is no significant difference between the samples. We should note only that the first sample is inferior to fat by 0.41. This ratio of fat to protein, in turn, affects the yield of the product and its consumption characteristics. The first sample the creation of casein was in 3.2 min. faster , phase of gelforming – for 0.3 min. faster and the clot processing was done requiring 3 min less time. The consumption of milk per 1 kg of cheese in the first sample was lower than 0.4 in the second. It should be noted that the curd grain obtained from the milk of cows of the Ukrainian black-ruby dairy breed had a softer structure, ie it contained more moisture than the grain from the milk of cows of the Ukrainian brown dairy breed. This subsequently affected the mass fraction of moisture in the finished product in the direction of increase and was reflected in the organoleptic evaluation. As a result of the evaluation, members of the tasting committee noted that the consistency, taste and smell of cheese made from milk of Ukrainian brown dairy breed were slightly better. The difference was not significant and was respectively 1 point. It should be noted that the mass fraction of fat in the first sample was 1.3% higher than in the second sample. In this case, we observe a decrease in the mass fraction of moisture in the first sample compared to the second by 1.8%. The difference in terms of mass fraction of salt was not significant and is 0.1%. Considering the results of the presented studies, it should be noted that both samples of cheese of semi-solid cows made of milk of Ukrainian brown dairy and Ukrainian black-and-white breeds meet the requirements of state standart 4669:2006 in terms of organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological parameters. However, the production of cheese from the milk of cows of Ukrainian brown dairy breed will reduce the loss of raw materials and produce cheese with better organoleptic characteristics.

Immunobiological aspects of cow lactation

Lactation of cows is a high-energy metabolic process. It is regulated in the body by the complex physiological mechanisms of the nervous, endocrine and immune systems. The purpose of to study changes in the immunobiological reactivity of the body of cows during lactation. Clinical and experimental studies were accomplished at the veterinary clinic and in the specialized laboratory of reproductive animal immunology. For the study, four groups of analogues of experimental animals were formed in which the immunological methods determined the immune status: cows (n = 17) during the early lactation (secretion of colostrum, 3–5th day); second (n = 32) – cows (n = 32) in the mid (3–5th month) lactation; the third (n = 28) – during the late lactation (5–7th day) and the fourth group (n = 28) – during the dry period (12–20th day). Our research has shown that during lactation in the body of cows fluctuations of the studied indicators of cellular and humoral immunity occur. Experimental data that showed that the percentage of T-lymphocytes in the blood of cows of Ukrainian dairy black-billed breed during the initial (3–5 days) period of lactogenesis is the lowest (37.88 ± 1.53%). However, the lowest expression of B-immune cells (16.05 ± 0.74%) was also detected during colostrum secretion. These changes occurred against the background of the decrease in CD3+/СD22+ (2.36 ± 0.11). In particular, at the 3–5th month of lactation, peripheral blood flow contained 53.40 ± 0.83% CD3+, ie 1.40 times more. The number of CD22+ mononuclear cells increased by only 1.14 times (up to 18.31 ± 0.69%). The beginning late lactation and dry period in the number of immunocompetent cells was observed: CD3+ – up to 42.11 ± 1.03%, and CD22+ – up to 22.92 ± 0.89%. All this was accompanied by a corresponding redistribution of the balance (CD3+/СD22+). We have identified certain patterns in the blast transformation ability of T-lymphocytes, which was manifested in the change in the activity of activated immune cells of blood. At the beginning of lactation, the functional capacity of T cells was the lowest (42.47 ± 0.62%). But subsequently with the increase of the lactation curve there was a certain activation of their transformation into blasts (51.11 ± 1.05%). At the beginning of late lactation cows underwent a gradual decrease in the blasttransformation capacity of immunocompetent cells (43.11 ± 0.89%). And which continued to decline gradually during the dry period. Thus, during lactation in the body of cows there are dynamic permanent changes in the system of cellular and humoral immunity. From the beginning of lactogenesis, there is a gradual increase in the increase in the functioning of the mammary gland of cows, and further decrease in the population composition of CD3+ and СD22+, which was also accompanied by changes in the functional activity of immunocompetent cells.

Evaluation of genetic diversity and relationships among eight Russian and Ukrainian cattle breeds based on microsatellite markers

In recent years, special attention has been paid both to the preservation of the genetic diversity of cattle breeds in the Russian Federation and Ukraine, and to the evaluation of the breeds’ ‘purity’, especially in relation to undesirable recessive lethal mutations. The main goal of our work was to assess the genetic diversity of the main cattle breeds bred in the Russian Federation and Ukraine using microsatellite DNA loci, as well as to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships between them. An analysis of molecular genetic diversity was carried out in different cattle breeds represented both in the Russian Federation and Ukraine. A total of 752 individuals, which belonged to eight breeds of the dairy and meat productivity directions were studied. Ten microsatellite loci recommended by ISAG-FAO and arranged in one multiplex panel (ETH3, INRA023, TGLA227, BM1818, TGLA122, SPS115, TGLA53, BM2113, BM1824 and ETH10) were used as DNA markers. Some alleles were found with a very high frequency in most of the studied cattle breeds and, thus, they can be considered as species-specific for the species Bos taurus as a whole. These were alleles 262 and 266 bp (for BM1818), 180 and 188 bp (for BM1824), 125-127 and 133-135 bp (for BM2113), 217-219 bp (for ETH10), 248 and 252 bp (for SPS115). All breeds included in the analysis are characterized by a very high genetic uniqueness based on microsatellite loci; the accuracy of assigning the studied individuals to their own population varied within the range of 95–100%. In general, all breeds studied are grouped into two clusters. Cluster No. 1 contains genetic groups originating from Holstein, and cluster No. 2 contains the remaining breeds. Three breeds (Ayrshire, Simmental and Russian Red Pied) are characterized by very low estimates of the effective population size (less than 50 animals), which may lead to the loss of their genetic uniqueness in the future. In the study of eight dairy and meat cattle breeds that are bred in the Russian Federation and Ukraine, we found that the breeds differ significantly in the genetic polymorphism indicators over ten MS-DNA loci used. Moreover, the level of allelic diversity for the studied breeds was determined, primarily, by the presence and number of rare (and/or “private”) alleles. This may be due to the manifestation of different mechanisms of the formation and maintenance of genetic polymorphism in breeds, based on productivity direction.

Токсикологічний супровід моделювання хімічного складу біологічно активних речовин меду натурального

ABSTRACT. In the context of increasing anthropogenic load, the ability of the body to maintain high-level resistance to various harmful factors is essential. Thus, the creation of effective tools that can increase the level of adaptive capacity of the human body under conditions of the environmental hazards is a topical issue of modern medicine. Objective. Scientific substantiation of the technology of creation of enriched natural honey containing bioactive substances — adaptogens, capable to increase adaptive capabilities of the body under conditions of environmental hazards. Materials and Methods. The material for this study were Ukrainian breed bees. The process of enriching the natural properties of natural honey was carried out in a natural way through the bee family, by feeding colonies of bees with a special composition of natural origin components based on common oat (Avtina satHva) and milk thistle (Silybum marianum). Results. The analysis of the regulatory framework governing the use of honey with phytoadditives and bee products in Ukraine has proved that currently there is a lack of scientifically grounded technology of natural honey enrichment, which is realized through the bee family by feeding optimally selected qualitative and quantitative composition of high-quality components of natural origin. The authors proposed a model of toxicological and hygienic evaluation of raw materials and finished product based on enriched natural honey, which allows carrying out toxicological support of the process of creating an innovative product — enriched natural honey, and developing a modern technological standard of the finished product according to the evaluation results. Study results have proved that the most promising medicinal raw material for the creation of enriched natural honey is milk thistle (Silybum marianum) extract. Conclusion. The results of the first stage of the study confirm the prospect of further research on natural adaptogens for the development of innovative products based on natural honey and bioactive substances of plant origin, which will allow obtaining new useful varieties of honey and significantly improving the economic performance of enterprises producing these products. Key Words: biotechnologies, honey, bioactive substances, adaptogens.

Обмін поліненасичених жирних кислот родин омега-3 і омега-6 в організмі ремонтних телиць віком 6–12 міс.

The purpose. To determine regularities of exchange of essential biologically active polynonsaturated fatty acids of families omega-3 and omega-6 in an organism of repair heifers in the age of 6–12 months at application in rations of feeding of rape oil. Methods. Experiment was lead in 2 groups of repair heifers of 6–12-months age of Ukrainian black-motley dairy breed in amount of 20 animals with application of methodical approaches accepted in international practice according to demands of ISO 17025, and also according to conventional procedures of groups-analogues on clinically able-bodied animals, considering age and mass of a body. For assessment of the selected material (feedstuffs and blood plasma of animals) they used modern biochemical methods of probes (gas-liquid chromatography and photocolorimetry). Results. The amount of fatty acids of families omega-3 and omega-6 in ration and blood plasma of experimental repair heifers is determined. It is fixed that as a result of addition of rape oil and synthetic joint Doksan into ration of heifers of the tested group, in comparison to control one, in their blood plasma in 8-9-months age due to more intensive conversion of biologically active polynonsaturated fatty acids the density of fatty acids of families omega-3 (linolenic) and omega-6 (linolic) is authentically augmented. It is established also that owing to heightening biological and energy value of ration of heifers of test group, in comparison to control one, energy of their body height is increased. Conclusions. Owing to addition of rape oil biological and energy value of ration of repair heifers increase. In their blood plasma density of biologically active polynonsaturated fatty acids of families omega-3 and omega-6 is augmented. Addition of rape oil and synthetic joint Doksan into ration raises growing capacity and augments mass of body of repair heifers.

Ethological observations of reproductive qualities of Aberdeen-Angus and Grey Ukrainian breed in the conditions of forest-steppe and steppe zones of Ukraine

The results of researches in modern herds of meat breeds – classical British, Aberdeen-Angus and autochthonous gray Ukrainian for conducting of pollination in research farms “Polivanivka” of the Institute of Agriculture of Steppe Regions of NAAS of Ukraine and “Progress” of Chernihiv Institute of Agro-Industrial Production in 2009–2012. The ethological behavior of mothers (cows) and their calves was studied in the conditions of keeping and growing livestock on the technology of meat cattle breeding. Animals for conducting research were selected taking into account age, body weight of cows, sex calves, body weight of calves at birth. Collection of accounting materials was carried out according to the data of the primary technological and pedigree records, artificial insemination magazines, materials of ethological observations. Observations were conducted in accordance with the task of preserving genetic diversity in gene pool herds of Aberdeen-Angus and Gray Ukrainian breeds. The herds of animals in the experimental farms kept the meat keeping technology adopted by the farms. The feeding of breeding stock of animals of these breeds was carried out in accordance with established and accepted at experimental farms rations, which consisted of the presence and number of harvested at farms feed. Obtained materials indicate the plasticity and the ability to control the system reproduction reproductive population in modern economic conditions farms. Attention is paid not only to purely selective approaches, but also an attempt is made to substantiate the necessity of adapting breeding breeds to modern systems of economic relations. Knowledge of the ethology of Aberdin-Angus and gray Ukrainian breeds in the conditions of the forest-steppe and steppe zones of Ukraine will allow controlling the processes of reproduction of mother and repair animals in livestock breeding herds, as well as the conservation of genetic resources of aboriginal breeds.

ECONOMICALLY USEFUL SIGNS OF DAIRY BREEDS CATTLE IN HERDS OF RESEARCH FARMS OF THE NETWORK OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE

ECONOMICALLY USEFUL SIGNS OF DAIRY BREEDS CATTLE IN HERDS OF RESEARCH FARMS OF THE NETWORK OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE

DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING IN KIROVOGRAD REGION

DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING IN KIROVOGRAD REGION

GENETICS CHARACTERS OF PIGS DIFFERENT BREEDS BY DNA-POLYMORPHISM OF SWINE LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN

Assessment of swine leukocyte antigen polymorphism (SLA–3) in different breeds pigs of Ukraine was carried out using the method of allele-specific PCR. Features of the allelic fund structure in pig breeds such as Large white, Mirgorod, Ukrainian steppe white, Ukrainian steppe speckled and Vietnamese potbellied pig were studied on four polymorphic sites: SLA–3–0602, SLA–3–0401, SLA–30101 and SLA–3–03cs01. In the study population of Mirgorod pigs, the absence of SLA–3–03cs01 and SLA–3–0602 alleles was detected. The experimental animals were polymorphic by the SLA–3–0101 and SLA–3–0401 marker systems with the above alleles frequency of 18.2 and 81.8%, respectively. By the polymorphic site SLA–3–0401 pigs of Large white, Ukrainian steppe white and Vietnamese potbellied breeds were monomorphic, whereas the representatives of the aboriginal Ukrainian steppe speckled breed the frequency of this allele did not exceed 40%. The genetic structure of Vietnamese potbellied pigs significantly differed from the characteristics obtained for the local Ukrainian breeds by four SLA sites. The most statistically significant differences are recorded for allele frequencies SLA–3–0602 and SLA–3–0101. The SLA–3–0602 allele was absent in Vietnamese potbellied breed with its 100% presence in Large white pigs. In contrast, the SLA–3–0101 allele was found in all Vietnamese pigs and was absent in a sample of the Large white pigs (p < 0.05). The distribution pattern of alleles in all of the samples selected for the study of polymorphisms in the pig locus of leukocyte antigen (SLA–3) showed a high genetic homogeneity of the Large white animals sample. The SLA–3–0101 and SLA–3–03cs01 alleles carriers were not detected, and by SLA–3–0602 and SLA–3–0401, 100% of the specimens had the respective alleles in their genotype. High values of the genetic homogeneity in these animals are confirmed by calculation of the total heterozygosity index, which was 0.136. The maximum genetic and, accordingly, genealogical relationship (according to the summary zootechnical account) were recorded in Vietnamese potbellied pigs for which the index of intragroup similarity was 0.960, and the calculated heterozygosity was the least among the breeds under study – 0.024. It is expedient to consider the results of the population-genetic characteristics analysis of the autochthonous pig breeds – the Ukrainian steppe speckled and Mirgorod when further planning selection and breeding work with them. The minimum value of intragroup similarity was found in the group of the Ukrainian steppe speckled swine – 0.156, as compared to the values of this index in pigs of other breeds under study (p < 0.05), and the theoretically calculated heterozygosity for these animals sample was 0.823. The integral assessment of breeds genetic differentiation by SLA–3 polymorphisms was obtained by performing a cluster analysis based on the calculated values of genetic distances between the breeds. The most genetically distant ones were the Mirgorod and Ukrainian steppe speckled breeds, and the value of the genetic distance between them was 0.776. In general, Ukrainian steppe speckled was characterized by the most unique distribution of SLA–3 alleles compared to other breeds under study, which has influenced the configuration of the obtained dendrogram by the UPGMA method. By means of molecular genetic, population and cluster analysis, the singularity and specificity of the Ukrainian steppe white and speckled pigs are shown. The genetic characteristics of the Mirgorod breed obtained by us can be useful in the process of recreating these animals using biotechnological methods, since the only gene pool herd of these pigs was eliminated due to the African plague infection. The generative material from the Mirgorod breed pigs has only been preserved in the Bank of Genetic Resources of the M.V.Zubets Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, NAAS. Determining genetic characteristics of the SLA allelic fund breed specificity of the local pig breeds reveals the prospects for using this information as an additional tool for their genetic certification, in special programs for conservation and restoration of their gene pool.

Dynamics of changes in protein metabolism rates in cows depending on the season of the year and the location of the farm

Protein metabolism in animals is perhaps the most informative indicator of anthropogenic environmental pollution, because it provides an opportunity to characterize metabolic processes in the body. They are of the utmost importance for the structure and function of all cells, tissues and organs. Proteins reflect the state of the organism, as well as those changes that occur in it under the influence of internal and external factors. We studied the dynamics of changes in indicators in protein metabolism in cows depending on the season of the year and the location of a farm. The research was carried out in two farms of the Lviv region: the Danylo Halytskyj LLC, near the State Mining and Chemical Enterprise “Sirka”, and FE “Lelyk” of Zhovkva district, in spring, summer, autumn and winter periods of keeping. The object of research was the blood of 20 cows of Ukrainian Black-Spotted breed. According to the results of the research, a reduction in total protein, relative to the physiological norm of 0.45 g/l. in spring, and by 0.64 g/l in the summer, dysproteinemia, a high level of gamma globulin fraction (50.30%) in cows from the Danylo Halytskyj farm, located in the zone of influence of the State Chemical Medicine Plant “Sirka”. In animals FE Lelyk, located in the conventionally clean zone, this indicator was significantly higher, and was 76.14 g/l in spring, and 78.17 g/l in summer, and also in animals of this farm dysproteinemia was not observed. In the autumn, at the end of the summer grazing period of the keeping, the index of total protein tended to decrease in the animals of the Danylo Halytsky's Ltd., and in winter it was normalized and invested in the limits of the physiological norm. Albumin fraction of protein in this group of animals, throughout the search period, had a tendency to increase. In the cows of the FE “Lelyk”, the indices of protein metabolism were within the limits of the physiological norm in all periods of research, with the inherent fluctuations in the season of the year. The obtained results due to the content of total protein and protein fractions in the plasma of blood of cows kept in territories with different ecological status indicate that the effect of the activity of the State Chemical Medicine Plant “Sirka” is sufficiently strong on the organism of animals.

Каріотип овець української гірськокарпатської породи

Каріотип овець української гірськокарпатської породи