Ukrainian State Research Articles

VALUE OF INNOVATION IN LIFELONG LEARNING: PEDAGOGICAL AND SOCIAL CONTEXT

The key competences for lifelong learning have become an integral part of social work and the educational process in Ukraine. Therefore, in this review, we focused on the theoretical aspects of the developed strategies for implementing the competence framework for lifelong learning that are based on the fundamental international documents; analysed the value of this approach for the country's development in general and in specific aspects (based on research and information on the efficiency of implemented projects in this area that are publicly available); and provided a detailed review of the main proposals for the implementation of lifelong learning programmes in the public sector, project activities, and other relevant measures. This made it possible to analyse the main directions of implementation of the relevant state policy, their compliance with the standards and vector of lifelong learning development in international practice, as well as to identify problems and prospects for the development of the Ukrainian state strategy for lifelong learning.

The role of Ukrainian political and legal thought in strengthening the national self-identification of Ukrainians of Galicia in the interwar period

The article summarizes the contribution of national-democratic, conservative and nationalist thinkers to the restoration of Ukrainian statehood based on the analysis of ideological and worldview doctrines of representatives of Ukrainian political and legal thought of the interwar period. The forms and methods of struggle, which are the basis of the state concepts created by them, are summarized. It was established that the defeat in the national liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people at the beginning of the 20th century led to the transformation of the worldview of many Ukrainian scientists and politicians, who, despite ideological differences, had a common strategic goal - the need to restore and establish a sovereign, independent Ukrainian state. The study of the intellectual heritage of the leading representatives of Ukrainian political and legal thought gave reason to conclude that the failure of Ukrainians to form an independent state was largely connected with the weakness of the national consciousness of the people and the insufficient ideological and political maturity of its leaders. In view of this, Ukrainian political and legal thought was aimed at strengthening the national self-identification of Ukrainians and their awareness of their political interests. It is argued that the scientific approach to substantiating the idea of national-state independence of Ukraine was initiated by Stanislav Dnistryanskyi, one of the founders of Ukrainian political and legal thought of the national-democratic direction. It is characterized (according to Volodymyr Starosolskyi) that the struggle for one’s own (national) state is a historically political factor in the formation of a nation. It is emphasized that disappointment in the ineffectiveness of the republican-democratic methods of organizing power prompted V. Lipinsky and other representatives of conservative opinion to search for more adequate forms of state organization. It is shown that in the interwar period for the Ukrainians of Galicia, nationalist ideology was especially important, which had a powerful influence on the formation of the Ukrainian nation as a self-aware, social, cultural, legal and political community and was a prerequisite for the creation of its own sovereign and independent state.

System of state measures to fight human rights violations in armed conflict

The article examines the modern challenges of human rights protection during the armed conflict, in particular in the context of the need to introduce the legal regime of martial law, which was introduced due to the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against the sovereign, democratic and legal Ukrainian state. The article focuses on the analysis of critical aspects of the protection of human rights in the context of armed conflict, emphasizing the difficulties arising from an aggressive invasion of a sovereign, democratic, and legal state. Special attention is paid to strategic priorities for the restoration and protection of human rights that have been seriously affected by military actions. The article argues the need for a specific legal framework adapted to the conditions of wartime armed conflict and the key priorities of post-war reconstruction. The article provides a detailed analysis of national legislation and relevant international legal norms and an attempt to identify and recommend effective strategies for strengthening the protection of human rights. Emphasis is placed on the need for legislative changes and reforms that would ensure rights and civil liberties and be consistent with European and international standards, thereby strengthening legal guarantees against potential human rights violations. The article provides a critical review of existing legal gaps that impair the protection of human rights during armed conflicts and discusses the key role of the international community and legal institutions in upholding justice and accountability. In addition, it is proposed to implement innovative legal measures and integrate the norms of international humanitarian law to strengthen the legal infrastructure, which is necessary for the effective restoration and protection of human rights and civil liberties. The article reveals modern scientific and professional discussions, emphasizing the urgent need for active and strategic legal measures that meet European and international standards, ensuring the protection of human rights in the complex conditions of military conflicts.

Putin’s retelling of the Great Patriotic War myth and the construction of Russian national identity

Political elites often use the nation’s past to construct the nation’s present identity. In his speeches about the 2022 invasion of Ukraine, President Vladimir Putin frequently uses the Russian national myth of the Great Patriotic War to construct Russia’s present duties, values, and identity. Charges of neo-Nazism and fascism against Ukraine are made to construct the Russian national identity as one that fights proactively against Nazism. However, by using a myth set in the Soviet period, the status of Ukraine as either part of the Russian Self or constituting the foreign Other is highly ambiguous. Although cynical and deeply offensive, Putin’s use of Nazi imagery therefore has a purpose deeper than causing shock and offence.

Establishment and development of the legislation of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic

The article examines the historical and legal aspects of the formation and development of the legislation of the ZUNR, in particular, it is stated that the beginning of a new stage in the development of state-building processes in the western Ukrainian lands was their inclusion in the Austrian Empire at the end of the 18th century. It was found that during the First World War, political life in the western Ukrainian lands became more active in the context of imperial policy and the national movement aimed at the formation of a national state. It has been found that the intensification of legislative activity in the western Ukrainian lands is connected with the events of November 1, 1918, in particular with the declaration of an independent Ukrainian state in the western Ukrainian lands, with the center in Lviv. The Ukrainian National Council became the main political body responsible for the development of the national state in the western Ukrainian lands. On November 13, 1918, the UN Rada adopted the «Temporary Basic Law on the State Independence of the Ukrainian Lands of the Former Austro-Hungarian Monarchy», which completed the process of constitutionalization of the newly created state. Formation of legal norms that regulated the main spheres of social life. In addition, a number of legislative acts were developed and adopted, which were supposed to regulate a complex of issues related to economic relations, the financial sphere and property obligations, as well as certain aspects of civil and criminal law. It was established that the «Act of Detachment» between the Ukrainian People's Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic of Ukraine, adopted on January 22, 1919, was an important document, because it has significant legal, political and historical significance for the Ukrainian present, as it becomes a consolidating factor of public consciousness. The author of the article emphasizes that the characteristic features of national legislation in the Western Ukrainian People's Republic at the time were brevity and the introduction of a system of administrative responsibility for violations of legal norms, as well as the issuance of various by-laws in the form of orders.

RENOVATION OF A TOWER-TYPE INDUSTRIAL BUILDING AS AN EXAMPLE OF THE WATER TOWER OF THE UKRAINIAN STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES

Purpose. Research and analysis of the main approaches to the renovation of tower-type industrial buildings, establishing a connection between the geometric space and the functional-spatial zoning of the premises created on their basis. Methodology. The study is devoted to one of the groups of neglected engineering structures, such as water towers. Such industrial facilities are already embedded in the infrastructure of the city, as a rule, they are embedded in dense urban development, which adds leverage for the preservation and renovation of such facilities. During the reconstruction of tower-type industrial buildings, there are problems of dismantling, removal and disposal of a large volume of structures and building materials. Study of national and international experience in renovation of tower-type industrial buildings. According to the requirements of DBN V.2.2-15:2019 "Buildings and structures. Residential buildings. Basic provisions" to the areas of the premises in a residential building, their placement in the space of the tower is analyzed in the process of designing the floors of the tower. Findings. The possibility of renovating the tower-type industrial structure of the water tower of the Ukrainian State University of Science and Technology into a residential building was considered. The architectural design of a 3-story residential building with the arrangement of separate entrances to the building with the help of an elevator and stairs and the distribution of spaces by floor according to functional purpose was completed. Originality. For the first time, the concept of a volume-planning solution for apartments in the limited space of a water tower was developed. This example gives impetus to the development of the reconstruction of tower-type buildings, their preservation as a historical and cultural heritage of Ukraine. Practical value. Water towers that are no longer used for their primary purpose can be reconstructed and can replenish the housing stock, acquire the significance of cultural and public centers in cities and settlements.

Autonomy as a form of state sovereignty of the Ukrainian Cossack State (late XVII-XVIII centuries)

The study of Ukrainian statehood’s history is important for understanding the continuity of state formation in Ukraine and supporting the nation-state revival. It is crucial to examine Cossack statehood in the mid-17th century, specifically its foreign policy and international situation. The purpose of this article is to study the main directions of activity of the hetman administration of the Ukrainian Cossack state in the XVII-XVIII centuries, focusing on protecting the sovereignty of the Ukrainian government in domestic and foreign policy. The article’s methodological basis is rooted in general scientific principles and methods of cognition. These principles aim to provide an objective and comprehensive understanding of facts, events, and phenomena. The research follows the principles of historicism and objectivism, which prioritize factual material and avoid bias. General and specific historical methods of scientific research were employed in investigating the topic. These methods included: analysis and synthesis when examining sources and literature, periodization for organizing the research, problem-historical approach for presenting historical material, and comparative-historical analysis for comparing similar indicators and facts within the same historical context. Result: The elite’s perception of itself as a subject of socio-political life led to the creation of contractual orientations and the demand for mutual obligations to be recognized. This was evident in the requirements of the monarch’s oath to fulfill the contract. The Ukrainian political elite justified their intentions and actions towards protectorates based on the principle of contract, showing their willingness to fulfill contractual obligations on an equal footing. Conclusions: The legal subjectivity of the Ukrainian political elite has been reduced to post-sovereign autonomism due to increasing foreign policy imperial pressure. The typological characteristics of this are the following: 1) recognition of the supreme power of the protector-monarch; 2) refusal to regulate social relations by the laws of the protector’s country; 3) categorical denial of the right of the political elite of the monarch-protector’s country to perform any managerial functions within the political system of the Hetmanship.

Państwowość zachodnioukraińska 1918–1923 oraz teorie losowości XX – początku XXI wieku

In the article author focused on the understudied and disputable aspects of the Ukrainian Revolution of 1914–1923, mainly on how Western Ukrainian statehood was established and developed in 1918–1919, as well as some specific issues of the political history of the West-Ukrainian People’s Republic (WUPR) in 1918–1923. By applying the theories of randomness introduced by scientists in the 20th – early 21st centuries (generally, Nassim Nicholas Taleb, Michele Wucker, Peter Grassberger, Edward Lorenz), the author puts forward an approach to the events of the early 20th century Ukrainian history, which is completely different to what has been suggested before, in its “Galician” form.

Językowe środki definiowania podmiotowości państwa (na przykładzie Ukrainy)

Subjectivity sets the limits of a state's powers and its place in the global legal and political order, being a fundamental element of international relations. It encompasses various elements, including the national language, which plays a key role in building identity and emphasising independence. The Russian aggression against Ukraine in 2014 demonstrated the role of the Russian language as a geopolitical tool, used by the Kremlin to deny Ukraine's subjectivity and challenge its separate identity. In view of this, the Ukrainian language began to play an important role as in the struggle for the separate identity of the Ukrainian people and state, as well as for its independence. The international community's perception of the state through the prism of subjectivity is influenced by linguistic practices, such as the transliteration of geographical names or the use of specific terminology. In order to strengthen subjectivity and emancipation from the 'Russian world', Ukraine is taking various measures, such as the initiative to change the spelling of the capital's name from 'Kiev' to 'Kyiv' in English. The international perception of the Ukrainian state and its subjectivity are also influenced by linguistic devices and language practices in other languages. An analysis of English-speaking, Russian-speaking and Polish-speaking discourses in the context of Ukraine reveals similarities and differences in the way its subjectivity is defined. Language thus becomes an important element in the struggle for the state's subjectivity and the construction of its identity in the international community.

PEDAGOGICAL REGIONAL STUDIES AS INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE

The article reveals the peculiarities and prospects for the development of pedagogical regional studies as interdisciplinary scientific knowledge and a multidimensional phenomenon of education, culture, and science. It was established that in the conditions of modern social changes, the need for the crystallization of national identity as the basis of Ukrainian statehood, the historical and cultural approach plays an important role in the training of future specialists – citizens of Ukraine. Among the modern trends in the development of Ukrainian education and pedagogy is the actualization of regional research, which is manifested in the appeal of scientists to various aspects of pedagogical local history, microhistory, etc. The regional approach is based on highlighting the patterns of development of national education and pedagogical thought on little-known, unique regional materials. One of the aspects of such a regional approach is the subject of research in pedagogical regional studies – interdisciplinary knowledge about the peculiarities of the development of education, science, pedagogical thought, the culture of the region, the study, preservation and creative use of regional pedagogical experience in the theory and practice of modern educational institutions, scientific institutions, institutions of the social sphere . The authors analyzed the experience of the Scientific and Research Center of Pedagogical Local Studies operating at the Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University. In 2022, with the aim of updating regional scientific problems, studying little-known pages of pedagogical local history, scientists of the Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University launched a new research project – «Education, schooling and pedagogical thought of Cherkasy region». The purpose of the project is to present to the public the achievements of Ukrainian and foreign pedagogical science and of education, consolidating biographical and bibliographic information about teachers, educators, teachers in the form of an informational and bibliographic electronic resource «Pedagogical Cherkasy» and a popular science reference book. It has been established that the relevance of regional scientific issues is enhanced by the multidimensionality and interdisciplinary nature of pedagogical regional studies as a pedagogical, historical, and social phenomenon that requires a thorough study in order to present it representatively in the modern interdisciplinary historical and cultural discourse – educational, social-pedagogical, historical-pedagogical, etc.

Effectiveness of international legal instruments to combat corruption

The relevance of this study is argued by the need to implement international practices of combating corruption and to improve the efficiency of legal mechanisms and instruments for combating corruption in all spheres of the state’s life. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the effectiveness of international legal instruments for combating corruption in Ukraine. To fulfil this purpose, it was necessary to perform the following tasks: to identify international legal instruments for fighting corruption; to investigate ways to assess the level of corruption perception in the world; to determine the progress in the fight against corruption in Ukraine; to identify problems that prevent the increase of the corruption perception index in Ukraine; to develop tools for improving the level of combating corruption in Ukraine. The principles of dialectics served as the basis of the methodological framework of the study, which included such general scientific and special legal cognition methods as comparative legal, formal legal, analysis, and synthesis. Based on the analysis of secondary sources, the study established the significance of analysing and classifying the definition of international legal instruments for combating corruption and ways of assessing the level of perception of corruption in the world. The analysis of statistical data and sociological surveys helped to establish the progress of the fight against corruption in Ukraine, which is reflected in the concrete data of monitoring the level of perception of corruption in Ukraine. The emphasis was placed on a systematic approach to identifying the problems that hinder the improvement of the corruption perception index in Ukraine. Using the comparative legal method, the study compared the provisions of Ukrainian and international legislation directly related to the issues of combating corruption and its manifestations. The conclusions of the study were formulated, with propositions of concrete tools for improving the level of combating corruption in Ukraine by improving the activities of state structures. The study reviewed and analysed relevant scientific articles of Ukrainian and foreign researchers. The practical significance of this study lies in the possibility of using its findings in the activities of Ukrainian state bodies, considering the international experts’ assessment of the effectiveness of the anti-corruption instruments already applied

AN UNFINISHED POLEMICS “AMONG OURSELVES”

The paper examines the polemical dialogue on the national question between two Ukrainian literary classics, Ivan Franko and Lesia Ukrainka, which took place in the late 19th and early 20th century, as well as its impact on other writers, social, and political figures. There was a noticeable divergence in the positions of two prominent writers, with Ivan Franko criticizing the trans-Dnieper Ukrainian intellectuals for distancing themselves from the people, while Lesia Ukrainka justified their participation in the statewide all-Russian movement. This is primarily explained by the asynchrony of social development in the conditions of the Russian autocratic empire and the Austro-Hungarian constitutional state, but there was still another factor. The views of both Ivan Franko and Lesia Ukrainka were formed under the influence of the social-democratic ideas of Mykhailo Drahomanov. However, by that time, Ivan Franko had already shifted towards national positions, while Lesia Ukrainka continued to share Drahomanov’s principles. The evolution of Lesia Ukrainka’s views suggests that it was rather a temporary misunderstanding than an ideological confrontation with Ivan Franko. During the Soviet period, this opposition articulated by Ivan Franko as the one “among ourselves” and temporary “polemical controversy” (Lesіa Ukrainka) was intentionally ignored, as the communist regime in the USSR made efforts to silence the presence of national movements. Interest in this polemic appeared already in the first post-revolutionary years in Ukraine (Mykhailo Drai-Khmara) and remained vivid within the Ukrainian emigration (Dmytro Dontsov, Yurii Lavrinenko). Subsequently, it was revived in literary works during the period of Ukrainian state independence, with contributions from Ivan Denysiuk, Mykhailo Nechytaliuk, Vasyl Horyn, Halyna Levchenko, Mykhailo Hnatiuk, and Bohdan Tykholoz. The polemic between Ivan Franko and Lesia Ukrainka proves its relevance in current circumstances as well.

PUBLIC SCULPTURE IN WARTIME UKRAINE AS A FORM OF THE STATE’S MEMORY POLITICS

The authors argue that during wartime in Ukraine, public sculpture serves as a reflection of the memory politics of the contemporary Ukrainian state. As such, these politics are aimed at breaking away from the Soviet legacy that continues to exist simultaneously in the form of hidden or sometimes obvious remnants of older colonial narratives of Ukrainian history and in the form of aesthetic artifacts akin to those that can be seen in the public space of big cities, e.g. sculptures and reliefs, etc. However, in its efforts to shed the Soviet legacy, Ukraine's memory politics often uncritically adopt dominant capitalist narratives, inadvertently perpetuating another form of cultural oppression and colonization. In addition to critiquing contemporary market-driven discourse, the authors stress the importance of not overlooking the layer of mythological memory, as it constitutes one of the most fundamental elements of Europe's cultural landscape.

THE ROLE OF THE CLERGY IN THE EDUCATIONAL AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES OF THE VOLYN REGION (THE 2ND HALF OF THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURY)

The scientific study analyzes the spiritual, educational, social and public activities of the leading figures of the Orthodox brotherhoods of Volyn in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The organizational characteristics of the implementation of spiritual, educational and social activities of representatives of Orthodox brotherhoods in the study period are analyzed. The author characterizes the leading types of spiritual, educational, social and public activities of leading figures (representatives of the clergy) of Orthodox brotherhoods in Volyn in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: organizational, professional and pedagogical, spiritual and educational, trustee, charitable, patronage publishing and research. The main forms (public readings, talks, individual assistance to schoolchildren and their families, book publishing, charity events, mass events) and methods (organization of educational, spiritual, social, public, charitable, patronage activities, stimulation, formation of experience) of spiritual, educational and social activities of representatives of Orthodox brotherhoods of Volyn in the studied period are identified.The spiritual revival of the state, which began in the early 1990s, is taking place on a difficult social background, which is manifested in the crisis of morality that permeates all spheres of our life. Therefore, at the present stage of development of education and science, given the urgent needs of humanizing Ukrainian society, it is necessary to return to the revival of Christian moral values.Religion, being an organic component of the spiritual life of society, has played an important role in the process of Ukrainian state and cultural construction, and has helped Ukrainians preserve their national identity for many centuries. The spiritual, educational, social and public activities of the clergy and representatives of the Orthodox community to promote education, culture and spirituality based on local traditions helped preserve the national identity of the people.The spiritual, educational, social and public activities of Orthodox brotherhoods, strengthened by the growth of spiritual and secular educational institutions and charitable institutions, acquired both religious status and social and public significance. Through the content of education in the studied period, the multiculturalism inherited by the Volyn region, the polyphony of educational imperatives, and the integration of national, general educational, moral and spiritual indicators were realized.

Formation of Ethnic Minority Organizations in the First Years of Ukrainian Independence

historical retrospectives of the formation and activities of ethnic minority organizations in the early 1990s as one of the factors of state-building remains relevant. This study aims to analyze the historical context and peculiarities of the institutionalization of ethnic minority structures in Ukraine at the initial stage of the restoration of Ukrainian state independence. The research object is ethnic minority organizations, primarily those that focused their activities on national and cultural revival. The methodological framework includes the principles of historicism, tolerance, scientific impartiality, and impartiality. We have traced the specifics of the formation of ethnic community organizations and the main vectors of their activities during the specified period. Despite many common historical, cultural, and socio-political backgrounds, the formation of such organizations for different communities could have its peculiarities. For example, for Jewish organizations, the demographic issue was acute due to emigrant sentiments in the Jewish community. As for ethnic minorities like Hungarians and Romanians, they had close ties with their historical homelands. This fact also influenced their organizational structure in Ukraine. The Georgian minority built their organizations emphasizing cooperation between Ukraine and Georgia. Germans also sought to maintain ties with their historical homeland. For Poles, the religious factor was significant. Overall, in Ukraine, there were quite favorable conditions for the full development and activities of ethnic minorities despite the complex political and economic situation of the early 1990s. Nowadays, the issue of organizational development of ethnic communities is a matter of focus for state authorities both at the legislative level and at the level of local communities.

Hotel industry of Ukraine in crisis conditions: challenges, trends, prospects

Hotel industry of Ukraine in crisis conditions: challenges, trends, prospects

The relevance of studyng the history of Ukraine in institutions of higher education in today's conditions

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need for a thorough study of the discipline “History of Ukraine” in Ukrainian universities as a guarantee of strengthening the sense of national dignity and national identity of the Ukrainian people in the conditions of the Ukrainian-Russian war among student youth. The methodological basis of the research is the principle of historicism and scientific objectivism. During the research, universal methods of scientific knowledge (analysis, synthesis, inductive, deductive), as well as special methods of historical research (retrospective, chronological, historical-comparative) were used. Scientific novely. An analysis of the policy of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine aimed at introducing European norms and standards into the national educational sphere was carried out. It is noted that the way to optimize educational programs by reducing the study of socio-humanitarian disciplines does not take into account the national specificity of Ukraine and does not correspond to the current stage of the existence of Ukrainian statehood. It is proved that the study of national history in institutions of higher education should be carried out at a deep theoretical level against the background of the pan-European historical process and be provided with appropriate educational and methodological literature. Conclusions. It is emphasized that in the conditions of a full-scale war unleashed by Russia against Ukraine, deep knowledge of the historical path of our people, the origins of its identity is the basis for the education of patriotism, the formation of a sense of national dignity. The chronological principle of history teaching, characteristic of the school course, does not give an opportunity to see the historical path of our people in perspective, against the background of pan-European processes, to understand the naturalness and inevitability of Ukraine’s European choice. At the current stage of our country’s existence, the return of the discipline “History of Ukraine” to the system of higher education as a mandatory component of educational programs of all specialties is an important task. The teaching of national history in institutions of higher education should be carried out in the context of the pan-European historical process, which requires providing an updated course with appropriate educational and methodological literature.

Legal Regulation of E-courts in Ukraine as an Element of Access to Justice for the Protection of Individual Rights

The purpose of the research is to consider electronic judicial procedure as an element of access to justice regarding protection of rights of individuals. The assessment of the effectiveness of the judicial system in Ukraine in 2023 was 2.73 points on a 5-point scale. The judicial index consists of three equivalent components: the assessment of the level of trust in the judicial system of the CEOs of the EVA member companies, which this year was 2.17 points; the assessment of the impartiality of the judicial system, which is 2.88; and the average assessment of seven factors of the organization and operation of the judicial system, which is 3 and 13 points. It has been established that that certain elements of digitalization of social processes change the social space and, in particular, the mechanisms of judicial proceedings. In the process of the development of society, certain factors came to life and these factors led to the growth of the role of information and, and therefore, to a clearer allocation of the information function in the field of jurisprudence. The following conclusion was made: the need to use information technologies in the judiciary is due to the global informatization of modern society and the development of new forms of interaction in the civil sphere with the use of electronic means of communication: the global Internet, mobile and satellite communication systems, etc. “E-court” involves the use of information and communication technologies in the process of implementing procedural legislation. The novelties of the judicial system are aimed at expanding accessibility of justice in conditions of territorial peculiarities of the Ukrainian state, improving the quality of the process and efficiency, and achieving transparency and openness in the judicial system.

Theoretical substantiation and development of ecologically friendly farming system in Ukraine

Intensive farming has caused soil degradation, including the loss of humus, soil structure breakdown, compaction, and a decrease in both potential and effective fertility. Therefore, research into farming systems is highly relevant. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to scientifically substantiate, develop, and implement an ecologically friendly modern farming system under Ukrainian conditions. The primary methods used to determine the effectiveness of various farming systems and ensure the accuracy and reliability of experimental data were field, laboratory, and statistical methods. The study substantiated that an industrial farming system with the input of approximately 12.0 tonnes per hectare of crop rotation area of organic matter (8.0 tonnes per hectare of manure and 4.0 tonnes per hectare of plant residues) produces about 0.81 tonnes per hectare of humus, although 1.33 tonnes per hectare of it is mineralised, leading to a negative humus balance in the soil. The output of grain units in this system is 8.21 tonnes per hectare, feed units – 9.63, and digestible protein – 0.86 tonnes per hectare, with stability at 91.2% and profitability at 88.0%. The organic farming system, which includes the use of 24 tonnes per hectare of organic fertilisers and biological products to control weeds, diseases, and pests in agrocenoses, does not ensure a positive humus balance in the soil (-0.14 tonnes per hectare) and has significantly lower productivity. The no-till system, which involves the application of 12 tonnes per hectare of organic fertilisers in the form of root and stubble residues, by-products of crop production, and mineral fertilisers during sowing and foliar feeding, ensures a positive humus balance (+0.12 tonnes per hectare) but has productivity levels comparable to the organic system. The ecological system provides stable, economically viable, and resource-adequate productivity of arable land, enhances the quality indicators of products, and preserves and restores soil fertility. It increased the output of grain units by 8.9%, feed units by 7.2%, and digestible protein by 8.1%, ensuring high stability at 94.1% and an increase in production profitability by 8.5% compared to the control. The materials in this study are of practical value for agricultural enterprises of various ownership forms and will serve as technological guidelines for the implementation of modern, ecologically safe, economically and energetically justified agricultural production

РОЗРОБКА СИСТЕМИ КЕРУВАННЯ КРОКОВИМ ДВИГУНОМ НАВЧАЛЬНОЇ ТРАНСПОРТНОЇ ЛІНІЇ

Stepper motors have long been successfully used in a variety of industrial and special equipment. The advantage of stepper motors is that a high degree of motion control can be achieved. Stepper motors are controlled using microprocessor systems. However, in this case, the stepper motor is controlled by the program loaded into the microcontroller. There is often a need to dynamically change the operation parameters of the stepper motor - speed of rotation, direction and magnitude of the angle of rotation, etc. The work is devoted to the development of the stepper motor control system of the educational transport line, implemented at the Department of Automation of Production Processes of the Ukrainian State University of Science and Technology. The system allows you to dynamically change system parameters using either a personal computer (PC) by sending the appropriate commands to the system via the COM port, or by using a tablet by sending the appropriate commands to the system via Bluetooth. Such a system can be used both in the educational process to practice standard stepper motor control techniques and microcontroller programming skills, and in industrial systems that require high-precision mechanism position control.