Ukraine In Years Research Articles

The religious dimension of Russia's war against Ukraine: the context of national security

The author highlights the current problems of the Ukrainian state in the context of Russia's large-scale war against Ukraine. The importance of studying the religious factor and its impact on Ukraine's national security is substantiated. It is shown how, with the “spiritual” support of its original assistant, the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC), the Moscow Patriarchate in Ukraine in the guise of the so-called Ukrainian Orthodox Church (UOC-MP) has been actively proclaiming the “gathering of Russian lands” for decades. This “hostile tandem” has been building a “Russian world” on Ukrainian territory with intolerance to everything Ukrainian, pursuing a collaborationist policy in Ukraine, lobbying for Russia's interests, and becoming an important tool for influencing the minds of a large number of people. With the restoration of the independence of the Ukrainian state, Orthodoxy was supposed to become a consolidating factor in the creation of the Ukrainian nation. Instead, for decades, the UOC-MP has been constantly deconsolidating Ukrainian society, sowing church discord, and discrediting Ukraine's political and spiritual leadership in the international arena. Such activities have resulted in not only the territorial but also the spiritual occupation of our country. It is concluded that the concept of the “Russian world”, cultivated for years in Ukraine by the Kremlin through its “Orthodox” structures of the Russian Orthodox Church and the UOC-MP, was mainly the basis for the invasion of Ukrainian territories by the occupiers, which later escalated into a large-scale national liberation war in 2022. The study used data from sociological services, official documents of church institutions, and analyzed Ukrainian legislation on related issues. Certain provisions of the study can be used to further analyze the activities and spheres of influence of the Moscow Patriarchate in order to prevent similar tragedies in the future.

OVERVIEW OF CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE OF ASSORTMENTS AND COSTS OF BUILDING PROFILES IN UKRAINE

Purpose. The main purpose of the publication is a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the changes associated with the implementation of new standards for rolled steel in recent years in the domestic regulatory framework. Also, an additional purpose is to estimate changes in the cost structure of certain types of rolled metal in Ukraine over the past 5 years. Methodology. In order to achieve the main purpose, both the rolled steel standards currently in force in Ukraine and the canceled previous standards were examined in detail. Comparison of standards for sheet profiles was carried out according to the criteria of the number of standard sizes and the profiles themselves in the standard. Comparison of standards for shaped profiles was carried out according to several criteria – the number of available standard sizes of profiles, the number of profiles themselves, the mass indicators of the largest and smallest profiles, as well as the efficiency indicators (nuclear distance and the square of the radius of inertia) of the largest and smallest profiles according to the standard. To assess changes in the cost structure of assortment profiles of various types, a quantitative comparison of their absolute and relative market value was carried out based on data from open electronic resources for the past 5 years. Findings. At present, in the part of standards for the range of steel products in Ukraine, a systematic and full-fledged update of the regulatory framework is taking place, with the full preservation of our own national heritage. The need to develop and implement a standard for flat hot-rolled broad-banded sheet, specialized and improved standards for hot-rolled bars and for cold-bent square and rectangular profiles, as well as the need to provide the official status of the standard for I-bars with parallel edges of the shelves are the main problematic issues in the part of the assortment normative base at the moment. Originality. In this publication, a theoretical estimation of modern changes in the current normative base of Ukraine, which regulates the issue of the range of steel rolled metal, is presented. In particular, 2 types of sheet metal, 5 types of shaped hot-rolled steel and 3 types of shaped cold-bent profiles, which are the most widely used for steel building structures, were analyzed. The main performance indicators of profiles according to old and new standards are calculated. Practical value. In the practical part of the completed review, changes in the cost structure of the main types of rolled steel over the past 5 years in Ukraine were estimated. The main problematic issues of the current assortment base of Ukraine are separately identified and practical recommendations for their elimination are provided.

AN UNFINISHED POLEMICS “AMONG OURSELVES”

The paper examines the polemical dialogue on the national question between two Ukrainian literary classics, Ivan Franko and Lesia Ukrainka, which took place in the late 19th and early 20th century, as well as its impact on other writers, social, and political figures. There was a noticeable divergence in the positions of two prominent writers, with Ivan Franko criticizing the trans-Dnieper Ukrainian intellectuals for distancing themselves from the people, while Lesia Ukrainka justified their participation in the statewide all-Russian movement. This is primarily explained by the asynchrony of social development in the conditions of the Russian autocratic empire and the Austro-Hungarian constitutional state, but there was still another factor. The views of both Ivan Franko and Lesia Ukrainka were formed under the influence of the social-democratic ideas of Mykhailo Drahomanov. However, by that time, Ivan Franko had already shifted towards national positions, while Lesia Ukrainka continued to share Drahomanov’s principles. The evolution of Lesia Ukrainka’s views suggests that it was rather a temporary misunderstanding than an ideological confrontation with Ivan Franko. During the Soviet period, this opposition articulated by Ivan Franko as the one “among ourselves” and temporary “polemical controversy” (Lesіa Ukrainka) was intentionally ignored, as the communist regime in the USSR made efforts to silence the presence of national movements. Interest in this polemic appeared already in the first post-revolutionary years in Ukraine (Mykhailo Drai-Khmara) and remained vivid within the Ukrainian emigration (Dmytro Dontsov, Yurii Lavrinenko). Subsequently, it was revived in literary works during the period of Ukrainian state independence, with contributions from Ivan Denysiuk, Mykhailo Nechytaliuk, Vasyl Horyn, Halyna Levchenko, Mykhailo Hnatiuk, and Bohdan Tykholoz. The polemic between Ivan Franko and Lesia Ukrainka proves its relevance in current circumstances as well.

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ Soft Open Point ДЛЯ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ВТРАТ ЕЛЕКТРОЕНЕРГІЇ В РОЗПОДІЛЬНИХ ЕЛЕКТРИЧНИХ МЕРЕЖАХ

The increase in consumer load and the introduction of renewable energy sources lead to the need for reconstruction or modernization of distribution electrical networks. In global practice, unified devices based on modern power electronics are increasingly being used. This equipment is expensive, but in recent years in Ukraine the cost of electricity has increased significantly, which ensures the technical and economic efficiency of installing these devices. One such device is the Soft Open Point (SOP), which is used in distribution networks to reduce electrical energy consumption by compensating reactive power and redistributing active power in adjacent feeders. The article analyzes the dependence of electricity consumption on the mode of operation of the SOP and determines the regularities of optimizing the mode of its operation according to the criterion of minimum electricity consumption. A calculation was made based on real data of F-33 and F-45 of Khmelnytskyi REM using a typical daily load schedule of household consumers, which showed a reduction of active electricity losses by 14.2%. We also offer a control strategy based on balanced real and apparent component voltages between nodes of the installed SOP. The results of the control strategy were verified according to the steady-state calculation of the network with fixed loads. Then, before analyzing the results, the reduction of annual electricity costs due to the placement of the SOP was calculated, and its useful life was calculated, which is 8 years, and when the load is tripled, the useful life decreases to 2.8 years. The obtained results substantiate the possibility of abandoning the SOP, in order to optimize electricity losses, in the distribution power networks of Ukraine.

Вірусні пневмонії в дітей: сьогодення і майбутнє

Purpose - to attract attention and provide information about modern approaches to the diagnosis of viral pneumonia, which in the future will make it possible to make a more confident diagnosis of viral pneumonia and not to prescribe antibiotics to all patients. Pneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among young children outside the neonatal period worldwide. Not always a detected microorganism or virus in the nasopharynx is proof that it is the causative agent of this particular pneumonia, since healthy carriers of both bacteria and viruses are found quite often. For example, during the examination of healthy children under the age of 5 years in Ukraine, pneumococcal carriers, which are recognized as the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonias (CAP), were found in 21.3% when bacterially examining swabs from the nasopharynx, and when using the PCR method - in 53.8%. However, on in practice, the diagnosis of viral pneumonias was almost never made, and when a diagnosis of pneumonia is made, the first thought about a bacterial infection traditionally arises. Following the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), avian influenza A (H5N1) and pandemic influenza A (H1N1) viruses in 2009, the important role of respiratory viruses as causes of severe pneumonia has received special attention. Recently, the availability of multiplex PCR-based tests, which allow for the simultaneous identification of a large number of viruses, contributes to an increase in the number of diagnoses of viral pneumonia, increasing awareness of viruses as causative agents of respiratory lung diseases. Clinically, it is not easy to distinguish between viral and bacterial pneumonia. New protocols for the treatment of CAP in children are already being created, which include a set of clinical and laboratory signs that allow us to think about the viral etiology of pneumonia. However, today there is a dissonance: everyone recognizes the predominance of viral etiology of CAP, but at the same time, the main treatment for the most part remains antibiotics. With the expansion of universal vaccination against Hib and pneumococcus, an increase in the share of viral pneumonias among CAP is predicted, which will stimulate the development of drugs against respiratory viruses. We can hope that in the near future not all children will be prescribed antibiotics, which will contribute to reducing the development of resistance of microorganisms to antibacterial drugs. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Comparison of Educational Development Trends in Ukraine and the World

The article examines the trends in the development of the educational system in recent years in Ukraine and the world in the context of neuropedagogy. Particular attention is paid to the factors that have influenced the strengthening of the role of education in the world, in particular, the strengthening of the state's interest in financing education. The article updates the inextricable connection between the country's economy and the level and quality of education. The author points out the advantages of education support systems in some advanced countries of the world, which can be used as a model experience for domestic educational reform, in particular due to the use of neuropedagogy. The most important trends in the development of education in the world educational space are analyzed. The author notes that the quarter-century experience of the 21st century civilization determines a number of trends according to which it should develop in the future. Among them, for example, the transition of most nations and cultures to market relations is leading in the economy; in politics - to democracy; in social communication - to tolerance; in the general organization of life activities - to an open society and models of sustainable human development, etc. Because education (and science), which prepares a person for independent life, shapes his view on the future development of civilization.

СУТНІСНО-АНАЛІТИЧНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ПОДАТКОВОГО БОРГУ В УКРАЇНІ

The substantiation of the essential content and the identification of trends in the growth/decrease of the tax debt is relevant in all countries of the world, since it cannot be completely eradicated in any country in the world, therefore one or another measures are taken to reduce it (voluntary and forced). For Ukraine, the question of the existence of tax debt is particularly relevant, as its volume increases annually. The article is devoted to deepening the theoretical foundations of the tax debt, highlighting its essential characteristics, as well as conducting an analysis of the tax debt in Ukraine and determining the reasons for its growth. The specificity of the scientific tasks, which are the subject of the research, required the use of a complex of special methods, the application of which helped to analyze the essence of the tax debt, to isolate its specific characteristics, and to conduct an analysis of its dynamics and structure in Ukraine. The article considers approaches to the interpretation of the content of tax debt. The first approach is based on domestic legislation, national accounting standards and the inevitable onset of liability for violation of tax discipline. The second approach is based on the behavior of the taxpayer, who makes a conscious decision to not pay his tax liability and takes responsibility for the violation of tax legislation in the form of fines and penalties. The author's definition of tax debt is proposed, which not only defines its content, but also contains the reasons and consequences of its existence. The essential characteristics of the tax debt, which relate to the non-fulfillment of the tax obligation by taxpayers, the reasons and results of its non-fulfilment, the need to agree on the monetary obligations of taxpayers, as well as the consequences of the existence of a tax debt for all participants in tax relations, are substantiated. As a result of the conducted analysis, it was established that in recent years in Ukraine, despite the constant improvement of tax legislation and the simplification of tax administration procedures, tax debt continues to accumulate. It was established that in order to reduce the amount of tax debt, it is necessary to carry out various measures of influence on taxpayers by the controlling bodies. For honest taxpayers, it is worth applying incentive measures in the form of exemption from tax audits for a certain period, and for dishonest taxpayers who have a tax debt, it is advisable to increase the responsibility for committing an offense.

Teaching Recovery Techniques (TRT) to Ukrainian children and adolescents to self-manage post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 – The first 7 months

BackgroundThe Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 prompted many to provide mental health input, especially trauma management, to Ukrainian children and adolescents (C/A) exposed to it. MethodsRapid cascade training of 200 Ukrainian psychologists during 2022 to provide, in pairs, free of charge and without selection, TRT courses of 4–6, 90 min sessions online or face to face to C/A 7 to 23 years in Ukraine and those migrating abroad. CRIES–8 PTSD questionnaires were administered at the beginning and end of the courses during May–December 2022. Age, gender, their geographical war risk, and whether C/A had stayed or migrated elsewhere were collected. A CRIES-8 score of ≥17/40 defined likely PTSD. Results3123 C/A completed an initial CRIES-8 questionnaire with matching demographics, 2737 a questionnaire at the end and 1798 both. At entry to TRT, likely PTSD was greater in females (65 %) than males (52 %, p < 0.001) declining with increasing age, particularly in males (p < 0.001). Migration had mixed effects and moving to lower war risk areas or abroad did not reduce PTSD risk. TRT benefited 68 % of C/A overall by reducing CRIES-8 from ≥17 to <17, the rate increasing the more experienced the TRT facilitators became (p < 0.0001). Online and face to face outcomes were the same. LimitationsThe chaos of war prevented capture of all potential C/A questionnaires and long-term repeat testing not yet undertaken. ConclusionsEven in the chaos of war, effective mental health input can be rapidly and cheaply (c.50 USD/child) provided and should be encouraged.

Criminological characteristics of traffic accident victims

The article analyzes the level, structure, and dynamics of road traffic accidents with casualties, fatalities, and injuries for 2012-2023 years in Ukraine. A stable general trend towards a decrease in the number of road accidents with victims (- 64.4%), as well as the number of dead (- 44.1%) and injured (- 66.0%) over the specified period, which is mainly related to incomplete accounting of statistical data that do not come from temporarily occupied territories and territories where hostilities are taking place. There was no noticeable improvement in the safety situation in the field of road traffic. In 2023 year, the number of road accident victims will increase, especially among children and pedestrians. Most often, accidents result in serious injuries or death are drivers (40.7%) and passengers (32.7%), as well as pedestrians (20.7%) and cyclists (5.7%) are most often seriously injured or killed in accidents. By age, people aged 21-64 dominate, followed by children from birth to 15 years old - 7.8%, people from 65 years and older - 6.2%, and 16-17-year-olds - 4.8%. New road users have appeared, namely: military personnel, volunteers, members of the territorial defense, who often create emergencies on the roads or become victims of road accidents. In the conditions of a protracted war, there is an increase in manifestations of victim behavior among road users, and at the same time, the discipline of vehicle drivers is decreasing. The largest number of dead and injured in road accidents fixed in the frontline regions and the capital. The situation in the western part of Ukraine stabilized. Infrastructural, psychological and behavioral factors related to war have a significant influence on the victimization of the population. About half of pedestrians and a third of cyclists killed or seriously injured through their own fault, ignoring safety rules. Motorcyclists, drivers of scooters, electric scooters, who move along the roadway without protective helmets in the dark are in the zone of increased risk. The number of road users vulnerable to accidents is rapidly increasing due to the low-mobility population groups affected by the war. This should be taken into account by the state in the new road safety strategy.

The modern state of regulatory and legal support for plant protection and its improvement in the context of legislative activity

The relevance of the chosen topic lies in the fact that in recent years in Ukraine, there has been a tendency to work on changes to the valid legislation in the field of plant protection, which is due to the need to adapt Ukrainian legislation to the legislation of the European Union. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the modern and prospective state of regulatory and legal support for plant protection in Ukraine. Research methods used in the work include comparative legal, systemic-structural, formal-logical, and doctrinal methods. The system of legislation regulating environmental and economic security in the agricultural sector of Ukraine is based on constitutional and general norms, environmental legislation, international treaties, as well as subordinate acts that ensure their practical implementation. The research results have established that the modern state of regulatory and legal support for plant protection in Ukraine requires revision and updating due to the presence of outdated, imperfect, and Soviet-influenced legal norms in the field of plant protection, as well as Ukraine’s European integration prospects. Conclusions have been drawn regarding the need to revise conflicting and overlapping provisions of the draft Law of Ukraine “On State Regulation in the Field of Plant Protection” and to make relevant amendments during the preparation of the bill for the second reading. Emphasis is placed on the need to focus specifically on the further implementation of such a bill and the inexpediency of adopting the Draft Law of Ukraine “On Amending Certain Laws of Ukraine to Eliminate Inconsistencies in the Areas of Legislation on Plant Protection and State Control”. The research materials may serve as a theoretical basis for filling gaps in Ukrainian legislation and may also be useful for students and teachers in the process of preparing for disciplines such as “Environmental Law of Ukraine”, “Natural Resource Law of Ukraine”, “Floristic Law of Ukraine”, etc

POLITICAL DETERMINANTS OF THE ORTHODOXY JURISDICTIONAL DIVISION IN UKRAINE IN THE EUROPEAN CONTEXT

The events of recent years in Ukraine testify to the growing importance of religious and political factors in Ukrainian society, which requires a rethinking of the phenomena and processes associated with them. For young Ukraine, the formation of an autocephalous church is a matter of national security, establishing the reference point of national self-identification, the prestige of the state in the international arena, and most importantly, the possibility of consolidating citizens into a single, largest confession in the country. The purpose of the article is to highlight the problems of political influence in a European scale on the process of total division of the branches of Ukrainian Orthodoxy into different jurisdictions. The evolution of political processes during the formation of the autocephalous system is revealed. It has been established that the future unification of Ukrainian Orthodoxy will contribute to the consolidation of Ukrainian society. This is the key task of the state, the church and all civil institutions in conditions of open war on the part of the aggressor. It has been proven that the reason for the evolution of state and political processes in Europe is the lack of clear regulation of the procedure for declaring a new autocephalous church, which deepened the division of churches in Ukraine.

Мемуарний твір «Deux années en Ukraine (1917–1919)» Шарля Дюброя

In modern historical science, more and more attention is paid to the study of sources of personal origin, in particular memoirs, memories, notes, etc. Memoirs, which were created during historical events, more accurately convey the character and essence of that period. Therefore, now there is an increase in the attention of scientists to the study of social and cultural spheres of society's life in various historical periods, including during the First World War, through the study of memoir sources of foreign political and public figures. Foreign authors paid a lot of attention to the issues of Ukrainian statehood, socio-political and socio-economic problems. It has been determined that one of the vivid examples of this genre is the memoirs of French teacher and public figure Charles Dubreuil «Deux années en Ukraine (1917–1919)», who spent two years in Ukraine and was a direct eyewitness of military and socio-political events that took place in Ukraine. It has been noted that Charles Dubreuil's memoirs, which are devoted to the history of Ukraine in the period 1917–1919, are historically valuable both for the study of national history and for the analysis of the foreign vision of Ukraine as an independent state. In his work, the author not only provided his own observations and memories, but also thoroughly researched all spheres of the life of Ukrainian society: the political situation in the state, the situation and prospects of the Ukrainian economy, culture. He also paid attention to the historiography of the history of Ukraine, that distinguishes his work from among other memoir sources of a similar subject. Therefore, the translation of this work into Ukrainian is very relevant today. The translation of the 1st chapter of Charles Dubreuil's memoirs is presented in the article.

Особливості розвитку ринку транспортних послуг

The article examines the main trends in the development of the transport logistics market in terms of passenger and cargo transportation. The main factors that determine the activity from the perspective of the dynamics of the development of transport companies have been analytically investigated. The economic activity of the transport industry was analyzed with studies of the structural components of the freight and passenger transport markets, as well as the basic dependencies of functioning with their influence on the dynamics of the development of the logistics market. The trends of transport logistics are considered based on the study of the characteristics and features of transportation by types of transport. The basic customers of customers of transport companies that form a stable portfolio of orders for transport services have been determined, in particular it has been proven that the stability of the growth of the transport and logistics market, the growth of transportation volumes in Ukraine is based on the transportation of goods that are directly or indirectly related to the field of agro-industrial complex and road construction branches of the country's economy. It was established that during the five pre-war years in Ukraine, the share of transportation by road and rail transport has a steady trend of growth based on the increase in demand for transportation of the specified branches of the country's economy, which confirms the establishment of a positive trend for the transport and logistics market. The commodity and consumer markets, together with the logistics services market, have interrelated directions of development and generally remain balanced, while the road and rail transportation market shows a steady growth trend with a predicted probability of slowing growth rates. The results of the study can be used in forecasting the level of stability of logistics services market segments, taking into account cargo and passenger transportation by types of transport, as well as for improving or updating tools for planning the work of transport forwarding, logistics and transportation enterprises.

OLD-NEW COLONIAL TENDENCIES IN SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY:

Taking autoethnographic and reflexive approaches as a background, this article reflects on the tendency of a number of Western Anglophone academic writings to impose a patronising perspective on, and indeed try to silence, commentary on Ukraine concerning the ongoing Russian invasion. This line of argumentation has become known as “westplaining”, and it seems to have taken the place of the old “orientalism”. Such interventions neglect or elide the variety of regional perspectives and their entangled histories, embodied experiences and emotional contexts that are all too germane to those of us who have been doing fieldwork in Ukraine for years now. Such a regrettable imposition of ill-equipped “westplaining” thinking results in a presentation of a distanced, patronising, sometimes partisan and too-commonly facile view of the complexity of current events. Through ostensibly disinterested and compassionate appeals to listen to the “western” perspective first, the local insiders’ voices are effectively silenced. In contrast, I discuss the importance of emotional testimonies and active empathy in social anthropology as responses to collective evil and violence, and as one possible way to overcome the borders that intellectual colonialism creates within the academic community.

Comparative analysis of the dynamics of indicators of timely detection of malignant neoplasms of the stomach in Ukraine and Bukovyna for 2006-2020

Oncological morbidity usually increases with age, and also depends on gender composition and inequalities in access to specialized medical care. Malignant neoplasms of the stomach (MNS), which affect the population of different countries of the world with different frequency, were no exception. Ukraine belongs to the countries with high morbidity and mortality, and the indicators of survival and the specific weight of detection at different stages indicate the usually late detection of this pathology.The aim of the study is to assess the scale of the problematic situation of morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms of the stomach in Ukraine as a whole and in Bukovyna in particular.Material and methods. In the process of research, using system-historical and bibliosemantic methods, data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine (results of the last population census in 2001 and estimated data for the following years 2002-2021) were processed; National Cancer Registry of Ukraine for the past 15 years (2006-2020) and annual "Reports on malignant neoplasms" (form No. 7) for 2016 and 2020.Results. It was established that in Ukraine during 2007-2020 there was a gradual decrease in the specific weight of cases first detected at the I-II stages, and an increase in the frequency of late diagnosis - at the IV stage, which was especially pronounced in the Chernivtsi region. On the other hand, the share of cases of MNS diagnosed at the IV stage, on the contrary, increased in Ukraine from 30.9% in 2007 to 42.7% in 2020 and even more intensively in the Chernivtsi region - from 29.1% to 52.0%. At the same time, the situation with the timely detection of MNSs began to deteriorate both in the country and in the region. Against the background of established low levels of detection of MNSs during preventive examinations and high percentages of late diagnosis, the mortality rate within a year after detection of the pathology was consistently high. The study proved a strong inverse, reliable relationship between the specific weight of preventive examinations and the percentage of diagnosed cases at the neglected IV stage: rxy=-0.90, p&lt;0.05.Conclusion. Over the past fifteen years in Ukraine, and especially in the Chernivtsi region, there has been deterioration in the indicators of early detection of MNSs among the male population.

ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT OF THE HEALTH FITNESS SYSTEM IN UKRAINE

The system of health fitness has been operating only for 20 years in Ukraine. Our state adopts the cult of a healthy lifestyle, which is why a huge number of fitness clubs have appeared. Organizational aspects of the health fitness system of Ukraine have not been studied sufficiently. The goal of the work is to improve the organizational support of the health fitness system in Ukraine. Fitness clubs are an important segment in the development of health motor activity. It is necessary to create relationships inside and outside the organization for the effective functioning of fitness clubs. The purpose of the organizational support of the fitness club is to support the response to changes in the external environment and the adaptation of the internal environment to these changes by providing the necessary resources, organizing the relationships between individual elements, and eliminating deviations that may occur. We have determined the factors of the microenvironment and the macroenvironment for the organizational support of the health fitness system. There was assessed the importance of the impact of each factor. This gives an understanding of the demand and significance of the professional activity of the fitness staff, the economic possibilities of the development and consumption of the health fitness system services (payability of the population), political stability and the intentions of the authorities regarding the development of society (today, unfortunately, the health fitness system does not interact with state and public management bodies, etc.). The factors of the remote environment also allow us to predict the possibilities of the development of science and technology, to reorient ourselves to promising/innovative fitness technologies in a timely manner. That is why the health fitness system must take them into account, respond in time and adapt to the corresponding changes.

INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS FOR ENSURING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE UKRAINIAN MARKET OF POULTRY MEAT AND EGGS IN THE ASPECTS OF FOOD SECURITY IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD

Topicality. In the conditions of martial law and the future post-war reconstruction, it is appropriate to consider the national economy in the framework of ensuring the stability of the market of poultry meat and eggs and food security in the post-war period. The functioning of Ukraine's food security and the determination of strategic priorities for the development of the poultry meat and egg market are now gaining fundamentally new relevance.Aim and tasks. The aim is to analyze the state and development of the stability of the Ukrainian market of poultry meat and eggs, egg products, and to develop practical recommendations for the reproductive development of this market in the post-war period.&#x0D; Research materials and methods. The author's research on the use of institutional mechanisms of selective markets, regarding the solution of food security problems and the theory of management of complex economic systems: system analysis, statistical analysis, economic analysis, in particular, for the study of selective sectors of commodity markets on the example of the market of poultry meat and eggs.&#x0D; Research results. The authors investigated the restoration of the process of extended sustainable reproduction of the production of food products in the market segment of poultry meat and eggs. The authors conducted a statistical analysis of the dynamics of the poultry population by categories of farms, enterprises, and households over 30 years in Ukraine, and conducted an analysis of the price index in the retail network of stores by egg brands. According to the authors of the study, the specified areas of legislative development of the market and the mechanisms of their practical implementation are the institutional mechanisms and proposals for improving regulations in accordance with the standards of the EU countries, regarding the requirements and rules for the development of the poultry meat and eggs market, they should effectively influence sustainable development of the production of products of this market.Conclusions. State institutions and local authorities should effectively promote the development of poultry and egg producers and adapt the business to new post-war economic realities and challenges. To ensure the functioning of the EU rules and requirements for the products of the poultry meat and egg market during the war period against the background of food security. Proposals: restoration of the leading positions of poultry meat and egg producers in the domestic domestic market; implement programs to restore and stabilize the functioning of regional poultry and egg markets; promote the involvement of international charitable funds and organizations for the sustainable production of poultry meat and eggs.

THREATS AND RISKS RESEARCH METHODS

The work systematizes knowledge in the field of threat and risk research when solving applied problems. To achieve the set goal, the following scientific tasks must be solved: analyze the main concepts of threat and risk research; give a description of the tasks to be solved regarding threats and risks; consider the main methods of threat and risk analysis from the standpoint of the technocratic concept; from the standpoint of the technocratic concept, consider the main methods of risk assessment, their advantages and disadvantages. A threat is understood as a potentially possible event that can lead to harm (catastrophic event), and risk - determines the degree of danger of occurrence or impact of a threat (or a set of threats - a set of catastrophic events) on a specific object (resource, process or system). At the same time, for a specific dangerous (for example, a nuclear) object, the concepts of a certain type of threat and the risk of its occurrence are interconnected. This strict triangular dependence requires a unified (inseparable, interrelated) consideration of these concepts in relation to solving various applied problems. A systematic approach to ensuring their safety is applied to all complex man-made objects, which includes the identification of objective dangers, the definition and ranking of threats, the assessment of the risk of their manifestation and the preparation of a forecast, which is done in favor of preventing catastrophic events caused by objective dangers. The most effective methods of threat and risk assessment are methods integrated into monitoring systems, decision support systems, and other automated management systems. The events of recent years in Ukraine require the definition of a terrorist threat as the primary and most important one, because in relation to nuclear facilities, under a positive man-made environment, it creates an avalanche-like emergency situation caused by nuclear, radiation, environmental and other catastrophic events. In turn, this will require the systematization of existing and the development of new methods, algorithms and protocols for assessing and countering terrorist threats at man-made objects. Keywords: emergency situation, catastrophic event, man-made object, danger, threat, risk.

OVERCOMING THE INFLUENCE OF RUSSIAN INFORMATION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS ON THE FORMATION OF A NEGATIVE PERCEPTION OF NATO AMONG THE POPULATION OF UKRAINE

In this study, the Russian information and subversive activity for many years in Ukraine was analyzed, the purpose of which was and is the formation of a negative perception among the population of the opinion regarding Ukraine's membership in NATO. The main process of implementation of these information campaigns, as well as psychological methods of influence on different segments of the population, were followed. Analyzing the facts of the Russian information war against Ukraine, after gaining independence in 1991, it can be observed that all subversive tasks, such as informational, economic, energy, and since 2014, the military, had the ultimate goal of preventing Ukraine from joining NATO. The full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has opened up new challenges for us in detecting Russian IPSO. The ongoing war for the free future of Ukraine, which cannot be realized in the established geopolitical realities without joining NATO, presents us with the task of quickly reacting and countering information attacks, which, as observations show, have moved to a more sophisticated level, which in the conditions of a full-scale war are the same as dangerous as massive rocket fire. Taking into account all the factors that affect the issue of this topic, we will try to consider in detail each period of information attacks starting with Ukraine's independence, and we will also pay special attention to the work of the Russian IPSO from February 24, 2022. The main goals of this study are to comprehensively disclose the facts of the activities of the Russian units of information and psychological special operations with the aim of comprehensively distorting reality, and forming a false opinion among the population regarding relations between Ukraine and NATO. The main topic of Russian propaganda before a full-scale invasion was the thesis about the so-called «NATO on the doorstep», that the allegedly aggressive bloc has approached the borders of the Russian, and from day to day it must attack, using Ukraine, which is not yet a member of the alliance, as a springboard for subsequent «aggression». After the direct attack, the Russian IPSO began to develop a narrative about «cowardly NATO», that the alliance was afraid and would never openly enter the war on the side of Ukraine, and also forming a false opinion among the population of Ukraine that it did not need such an alliance, but that it was «better» to accept non-aligned status and illusory security guarantees, which, as reality shows, are largely worthless. The ultimate goal of this study is to prove that there is no alternative for Ukraine to join NATO, as the only guarantee of existence as an independent state.

Тенденції основних предикторів вагітності високого ризику

The sustainable development of the society of any country is largely determined by the health of pregnant women, which determines the viability and health of the offspring at all stages of ontogenesis. Purpose - to conduct an analysis, change trends, and an integrated assessment (IA) of the main predictors of high-risk pregnancy (HRP) in Ukraine in 2010-2021. Materials and methods. A comprehensive retrospective analysis, a general characterization of the dynamics and regional features of the integral assessment of the main predictors of HRP based on the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and the Medical Statistics Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, was carried out. Structured by individual components of the IA of the main predictors of HRP, it was carried out according to the generally accepted methodology of comprehensive assessment of the health status of the population based on integral indicators. The interpretation of the results of IA was based on the fact that the higher the integral indicator, the greater the risk of developing HRP. The methods of a systemic approach, structural-logical, epidemiological analysis were used. mathematical, modeling. Results. Analytical data show that in recent years in Ukraine, the levels of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality have remained high despite a multidirectional trend, a significant part of which could have been prevented by identifying and minimizing predictors of HRP. The analysis of the state of the main predictors of the development of HRP revealed high levels of the birth rate of young (5.21‰) and older (7.86 ‰) women with an increase in their total contribution to the total birth rate from 9.5% in 2010 to 16.29% in 2021, the rate of growth is 71.5%, insufficient with a negative trend of coverage of pregnant women by dispensary supervision and examination by a therapist (90.7% in 2010 and 87.82% in 2021, the rate of loss is 3.9% and 90.83%, 89.51% and 9.9% respectively). During this period, the frequency of diseases and complications of the gestational period remains high - anemia (26.4% in 2010, 24.75% in 2021, growth rate - 6.5%), diseases of the circulatory system (6.2-6.34% and 2.3%), diseases of the genitourinary system (14.05-14.03% and -2.4%), diabetes (0.17-0.96% and 452.9%), diseases of the thyroid gland (9.65, 9.2% and 1.76%), preeclampsia and eclampsia (2.31-2.1% and -9.1%), preeclampsia (6.65-6.7% and 0.8%) and venous complications (2.84-4.98% and 69.0%). The complex IA of the main predictors of HRP was carried out by dividing the regions into 3 groups - the Group I with a high risk of IA development (IA - 131.1-111.9%), the Group II with an average risk of IA development (106.5-92.0%) and the III group with a lower than average risk of HRP development (89.6-60.3%). The city of Kyiv is included in the 1st group of regions that require a detailed study and correction of the determinants of HRP, Vinnytsia, Poltava, Dnipropetrovsk, Kyiv, Chernihiv and Chernivtsi, to the 2nd group of regions with an average risk of developing HRP, that require strengthening of individual components of medical and social care for pregnant women - Volyn, Mykolaiv, Donetsk, Rivne, Kharkiv, Lviv, Zhytomyr, Cherkasy, Khmelnytskyi and Transcarpathian regions. Conclusions. The toolkit of IA of the main determinants of HRP has been developed, that makes it possible to provide an objective assessment of them as a whole and by individual components across regions and timely identification of problems that require intervention. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.