UHF RFID Technology Research Articles

Discuss on Application of Vehicle Electronic Identification in Public Security Vehicle Management

In this paper, vehicle electronic identification based on UHF RFID technology is researched. The vehicle electronic identification is also called as electronic license plate. Some application of vehicle electronic identification in public security vehicle management is discussed. For example, supervising of cloning vehicle license plate. By using technology of vehicle electronic identification, It can effectively improve the efficiency of management and provide accurate solution for vehicle management agency.

Architecture Characteristics and Technical Trends of UHF RFID Temperature Sensor Chip

The integration of temperature sensor (TS) and UHF RFID technology has attracted wide attention theoretically and experimentally. The architecture, power consumption, temperature measurement range, accuracy, and communication distance are key indicators of the performance of UHF RFID temperature sensor chip (RID-TSC). This work aims to provide a clearer view of the development of UHF RFID-TSC integration technology. After a systematic analysis of the characteristics of ADC, TDC, and FDC used in an integrated TS, the key low-power technologies under different architectures are summarized. Through the observation of the latest researches and commercial products, the development trend of UHF RFID-TSC technology is obtained, including on-chip and off-chip coordination, multiprotocol and multifrequency support, passive wireless sensor intelligence, miniaturization, and concealment.

RFID localisation using special antenna technique

In this paper, an RFID localisation method using a special antenna technique is presented. By using an active RFID system with an external dipole antenna the angle and the distance from the antenna to the RFID tag can be found based on the principle of null steering. The new localisation method has been demonstrated by using UHF RFID technology operated at 868 MHz and 434 MHz. The measurement results shown that, compared with other techniques, this method has a number of advantages such as simple design, easy to implement, low cost and high reliability.

Localization Performance Analysis for Passive UHF RFID Technology Employing Directional Antennas and Omnidirectional Antennas

By the advantages of small size, low cost and easy deployment, passive Ultra High Frequency Radio Frequency Identification (UHF RFID) technology has become one of the most popular indoor localization technologies. As the most common measurement information, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) is severely affected by the complex indoor environments, like multipath propagation, Non-Line-of-Sight propagation, noise, etc. It eventually reduces location estimation accuracy. To improve the accuracy of RSSI-based algorithms, pattern matching algorithms are utilized with extra reference tags at fixed and known locations. One of the typical pattern matching algorithms is k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) algorithm. There is a problem for pattern matching algorithms utilized into real applications. That is the usually utilized RFID antenna is directional in industries while the algorithms are tested with omnidirectional antennas in experimental tests during research. In this paper, we take k-NN as an example to further analyze the performance difference between these two kinds of antennas. Experimental results show that the localization performance of k-NN algorithms with directional antennas utilized is worse than the results with omnidirectional antennas. But the performance is no significant difference.

Adaptive Beam Switching Control Algorithm for UHF RFID Reader with Beam-switched Smart Antenna

The maximum reading distance of common UHF RFID readers is about 10 meters at present, which restricts the widespread use of UHF RFID technology greatly. The application of the beam-switched smart antenna and the technique of the adaptive beam switching control algorithm which adapts to the UHF RFID system is proposed in this paper. According to the number of tags, communication time and other conditions, the proposed algorithm can adaptively control beam. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the recognition time and energy consumption efficiently.

Laboratory Testing of Active and Passive UHF RFID Tags

Abstract This article deals with research of laboratory testing by active and passive UHF tags and therefore mutual coexistence of active and passive RFID technology, which is a part of automatic identification and data capture. In this article we would like to describe an identification of transport unit based on passive technology and also by active technology. We would like to specify, how this technologies can work together and in which application focuses on postal and logistics. All results are verified by measurement in our AIDC laboratory, which is located at the University of Žilina. Our research contains different types of measurements in order to point out the possible influence of these two technologies. The results of our research bring the new point of view and indicate the ways using of UHF RFID technology in postal and logistics applications. At the end of this article is characterized the utilization of the RFID technology in postal logistics chain by using both passive and active technologies.

Impact of Sorting Machine on Life Cycle of Passive UHF RFID Tags Placed on Letter Mail

This article deals with research of passive RFID technology in conjunction with letter-size mail, which is placed into sorting machine. RFID technology is a part of automatic identification and data capture. In this article we would like to describe an identification of letter mail based on passive technology. We would like to specify, how the sorting machine impacts a readability of RFID tags placed on letter mail. We have established a number of variants of placing RFID tags into envelopes. After passing these tags, we evaluated their readability. Then we compared the results before and after passing the letters through the sorting line. All results are verified by measurement at the Slovak post main processing center located in Zilina. The results of our research bring the new point of view and indicate the ways of using of UHF RFID technology in postal and logistics applications. At the end of this article we evaluate the impact of the selected sorting line on a life cycle of RFID tags.

A Method to Characterize the Frequency-Dependent Structural Coefficient of Antennas: Application to Millimeter Wave Identification

The passive UHF RFID technology, well known for the logistics and security applications, is more and more considered for sensor networks and Internet of Things (IoT). Recent works have demonstrated the possibility to exploit the main advantages of RFID in the millimeter-wave domain, giving rise to the millimeter wave identification (MMID) technology. This new technology uses the large available ISM band from 57 to 66 GHz in Europe. In backscatter communications, such as RFID or MMID, the radar cross section (RCS) is a fundamental parameter. The antenna RCS is defined as a function of its load and its structural coefficient. The structural coefficient that depends on the antenna geometry is often approximated to unity in RFID because tag antennas are usually thin dipoles compared to the wavelength. However, in MMID this approximation is no longer suitable due to the use of high directive antennas. This letter aims to propose a method to determine the structural coefficient of any types of antenna. The proposed approach is illustrated through the study of a horn antenna and a slotted waveguide antenna array in WR15 waveguide (from 50 to 75 GHz). Theoretical, simulation, and measurement results are compared and demonstrate the interest of the method.

Employing Ultrahigh-Frequency RFID Technology on Deer Farm Managment

This project uses ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) ear tags and readers with a readable range of 3 to 5 m. Forty stags were tagged with radio-frequency identification (RFID) ear tags and allocated into 20 pens. When deer with RFID ear tags walked through the aisle, handheld RFID readers, used as personal digital assistants (PDAs), and stationary RFID readers in frequency range received signals from the tags, and individual deer tag data were transmitted immediately and completely through wireless PDAs to a computer. The inputted data were sent to the deer-farm management system to be collated and organized. Farmers obtained individual deer data without approaching the deer, which decreased the risk of the deer attacking. Employing UHF-RFID technology integrated with software contributes to enhancing the efficiency of deer identification and farm management.

Identification of surgical instruments using UHF-RFID technology

Abstract The paper presents research, development and advantage of Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) technology based system for medical instrument management and safe usage. The system is developed for two scenarios. In the first scenario, a Ultra High Frequency (UHF) is used and the UHF–interrogator system with UHF-antennas is constructed to work as conveyor-belt and instruments are placed between two antennas. Second scenario, suitable for the operating rooms, includes four antennas, placed under the table with instruments, system’s phase shifter, inserted between the antenna and reader in order to reduce the effect of dead spots, caused by the electromagnetic reflections. High reliable identification rate is achieved by synchronizing phase shifters with particular interrogator. The system is software calibrated and can be re-calibrated at run-time to achieve high efficiency of power transmission to the antenna and in order to enable the receiver to decode the tag signals. With currently on the market available RFID tags and previously mentioned technology approaches, detection rate of 87.5% can be achieved.

Management Control of RFID Technology Implementation Process

The paper presents a proven method used for supporting the implementation management control process of RFID technologies to track the location of objects in a retail environment. Using a SWOT analysis, we identified several scenarios that guide the company in the implementation process of the technology according to its own chosen strategy. In accordance with our results, non-traditional applications of the UHF RFID technology could have a high application potential. The outcome of our work may in the future provide the basis for applying the described solution that could enable a deeper study of interactions between the allocation of product classes on the sales floor and retail customers.

Goods Inventory System Based on RFID and Android Platform

The RFID reader and Android smart mobile devices combined to achieve a range of items within a certain intelligent automated inventory management system, and the system as a smart home subsystem for home-style warehouse management. Using UHF RFID technology to implement multiple items within a certain distance while recognized.

The School Bus Safety System Design for Preventing Children Forgotten in the Car

In recent years, the frequent occurrence of kindergarten school bus driver or teacher left children in the car, which leads to the accident, injury and even death. Based on UHF RFID technology has developed a safety system which can effectively prevent child being forgotten in school bus. After testing, the system is high reliability, low false alarm rate and with easy installation, low cost and so easy to put on the market.

Research of Readability and Identification of the Items in the Postal and Logistics Environment

Abstract This article deals with RFID technology, which is a part of automatic identification and data capture. Nowadays, the identification of parcels in postal sector is carried through barcodes. In this article we would like specify, how can be postal parcels located in postal container identified in the transmission process of postal main processing centre by UHF RFID technology. All results are verified by measurement in our AIDC laboratory, which is located at the University of Žilina. Our research contains 12 different types of orientation tags and antennas and more than 1000 tests. Our identification performance was close to 100%. All tested parcels were located in postal container. The results of our research bring the new point of view and indicate the ways using of UHF RFID technology in postal applications. At the end of this article the utilization of the RFID technology in postal logistics chain is characterized.

Identification of Postal Mails and Crates by New Developed UHF RFID Antenna

This article deals with RFID technology, which is a part of automatic identification and data capture. We developed a wave propagation model and base on this, we developed a UHF RFID slim antenna. Article describes theoretical background about RFID antennas and electromagnetic waves. Consequently we are coming with the new access, that is, using the UHF RFID "Slim" antenna that eliminates disadvantage of inlays in the case if they are close or inter lap each other. The article describes scheme of identification of postal mails through UHF RFID slim antennas. Nowadays the identification of postal mails in postal sector is carried through barcodes and optical character recognition. In this article we would like to specify, how can be the postal mail items identified in the transmission process by RFID technology. All theoretical findings are verified by measurement in our AIDC laboratory that is located at the University of Žilina. Finally a method to perform our theoretical model and the identification performance was close 100%. It is an improvement for more than 30% in comparing the results reached with typical inlays. The results of our research bring the new point of view and indicate the ways using of UHF RFID technology in post applications.

Performance Evaluation of a Novel Animals Tracking System based on UHF RFID Technology

The adoption of solutions based on Radio Frequency IDentification technology in a wide range of contexts is a matter of fact. In many situations, such as the tracking of small-size living animals, the straightforward use of commercial systems does not ensure adequate performance. Consequently, both the RFID hardware and the software control platform should be tailored for the particular application. In this work, the specific requirements of Near Field Ultra High Frequency RFID reader antennas suitable for small-size animal localization and tracking are identified and a control system in a LabVIEW environment is designed. Afterwards, both hardware and software solutions have been implemented and validated. In particular, an algorithm based on the measured Received Signal Strength Indication, in order to obtain precise localization data, was developed and validated. Finally, the set-up of a first working prototype involving built-in-lab reader antennas has been completed and tested. The achieved results prove the effectiveness of the proposed tracking system.

Practical aspects of using passive UHF RFID technology for vehicle tracking

This paper investigates the deployment of passive UHF RFID technology for vehicle tracking. The paper identifies the related technical issues for vehicle tracking applications from current literature. A prototype system has been designed and developed for the application in tracking vehicles. Extensive experiments are conducted to investigate the performance consequences of applying different configurations of the proposed system. In the middleware development phase, the paper addresses two important challenges: 1) handling the stream of identification data; 2) determining the direction of the vehicle. Experiments are also conducted to demonstrate the performance of the system operated in various conditions including: 1) indoor vs. outdoor; 2) different height of tags.

A Multifrequency Passive Sensing Tag With On-Chip Temperature Sensor and Off-Chip Sensor Interface Using EPC HF and UHF RFID Technology

State-of-the-art passive RFID tags are limited in terms of functionality and operating range due to the limited power that can be converted from the electromagnetic field. This is why state-of-the-art wireless sensor systems are mostly battery-based if a high operating range is required. The proposed ultralow-power on-chip sensor unit and off-chip sensor interface which provides enough energy to supply various sensors with a power consumption up to the milliwatt range make it possible to remotely power the proposed RFID tag and use it as wireless sensor node. Equipping sensor nodes with RFID functionality not only enables identification and logistic applications but also an easy integration of the sensing tag into existing RFID systems. Exploiting the different characteristics of HF and UHF RFID systems, namely the large operating range in UHF and the high available power in HF, increases the flexibility and applicability of wireless sensor nodes. This paper presents a remotely powered multifrequency sensing tag according to the EPC HF and EPC Class 1 Gen 2 UHF standard developed in a 0.13- <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex></formula> m low-cost CMOS process. Input powers of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${-}$</tex></formula> 10.3 or <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${-}$</tex></formula> 7.9 dBm at a frequency of 900 MHz are necessary to operate the sensing tag with activated on-chip sensor unit or off-chip sensor interface, respectively.

Corrections to “Agent-Based Control Framework for Mass Customization Manufacturing With UHF RFID Technology”

Corrections were made to Table 1 in the above titled paper (ibid, Vol. 3, no 3, 343-359 Sept 09).