Ubiquinone Research Articles

Structural and energetic properties of lecithin liposomes encapsulating coenzyme Q10 from coarse-grained simulations

Structural and energetic properties of lecithin liposomes encapsulating coenzyme Q10 from coarse-grained simulations

Exploration of probiotics on antioxidant activity of serum NLC coenzyme Q10 using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl) method

Background: The skin ageing process can be slowed by routinely caring for the skin using serum cosmetics containing antioxidants such as Co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10). However, CoQ10 has a drawback, which is low penetration into the skin. In this study, an antiaging serum preparation with the active ingredient NLC-CoQ10 was prepared. Probiotics were added to this preparation as a second active ingredient to enhance antioxidant activity. Objective: This study aimed to analyse the effect of probiotic concentration on the physical characteristics and antioxidant activity of NLC-CoQ10 serum. Method: NLC-CoQ10 was mixed with serum base and 0% probiotic (Formula One), 2% probiotic (Formula Two), and 4% probiotic (Formula Three). After that, physical characteristics and antioxidant activity were observed. Results: The results show that the physical characteristics of all formulas fulfil the specifications. All formulas had pH values between 4 and 7 and a viscosity value between 230 and 1150 cPs. The formula with the highest viscosity value is F1, 352.00 ± 2.00. All formulas have statistically different IC50 values. IC50 values for F1, F2 and F3 respectively, are 317.809 ± 2.117; 307.985 ± 2.089; 257.549 ± 1.573. Conclusion: The antioxidant activity increases with increasing concentrations of probiotics in NLC-CoQ10 serum. Meanwhile, the viscosity value decreases with a decreasing concentration of probiotics.

Coenzyme Q10 for Enhancing Physical Activity and Extending the Human Life Cycle.

Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an enzyme family that plays a crucial role in maintaining the electron transport chain and antioxidant defense. CoQ10 is the most common form of CoQ in humans. A deficiency of CoQ10 occurs naturally with aging and may contribute to the development or progression of many diseases. Besides, certain drugs, in particular, statins and bisphosphonates, interfere with the enzymes responsible for CoQ10 biosynthesis and, thus, lead to CoQ10 deficiency. This article aims to evaluate the cumulative studies and insights on the topic of CoQ10 functions in human health, focusing on a potential role in maintaining physical activity and extending the life cycle. Although supplementation with CoQ10 offers many benefits to patients with cardiovascular disease, it appears to add little value to patients suffering from statin-associated muscular symptoms. This may be attributed to substantial heterogeneity in doses and treatment regimens used. Therefore, there is a need for further studies involving a greater number of patients to clarify the benefits of adjuvant therapy with CoQ10 in a range of health conditions and diseases.

Coenzyme Q10 local delivery as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment: A randomized controlled clinical study with biochemical assessment of IL-1β and IL-10 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid

Coenzyme Q10 local delivery as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment: A randomized controlled clinical study with biochemical assessment of IL-1β and IL-10 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid

The Association between the Diversity of Coenzyme Q10 Intake from Dietary Sources and the Risk of New-Onset Hypertension: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a food active component with blood-pressure-improving properties. However, the association between the variety and quantity of different sources of dietary CoQ10 and new-onset hypertension remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the associations between the diversity and quantity of CoQ10 intake from eight major food sources and new-onset hypertension risk. A total of 11,489 participants were included. Dietary intake was evaluated via three consecutive 24 h recalls and household food inventory. The diversity score of CoQ10 sources was calculated by the sum of food groups consumed in the ideal range. Cox proportional hazard models were used for evaluating their associations with hypertension. Model performance was assessed by ROC analyses and 200-times ten-fold cross-validation. The relationships between CoQ10 and hypertension were U-shaped for meat, egg, vegetable, and fruit sources, inverse J-shaped for fish, and nut sources, and L-shaped for dairy products sources (all p-values < 0.001). A higher diversity score was associated with lower hypertension risk (HR (95% CI): 0.66 (0.64, 0.69)). The mean areas under the ROC curves for 6, 12 and 18 years were 0.81, 0.80 and 0.78, respectively. There is a negative correlation between the diversity of CoQ10 with moderate intake from different sources and new-onset hypertension. One diversity score based on CoQ10 was developed.

Investigation of clinical effects of plasma coenzyme Q10 levels in COVID-19 patients in intensive care unit

Investigation of clinical effects of plasma coenzyme Q10 levels in COVID-19 patients in intensive care unit

Immunomodulation through Nutrition Should Be a Key Trend in Type 2 Diabetes Treatment.

An organism's ability to function properly depends not solely on its diet but also on the intake of nutrients and non-nutritive bioactive compounds that exert immunomodulatory effects. This principle applies both to healthy individuals and, in particular, to those with concomitant chronic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes. However, the current food industry and the widespread use of highly processed foods often lead to nutritional deficiencies. Numerous studies have confirmed the occurrence of immune system dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. This article elucidates the impact of specific nutrients on the immune system function, which maintains homeostasis of the organism, with a particular emphasis on type 2 diabetes. The role of macronutrients, micronutrients, vitamins, and selected substances, such as omega-3 fatty acids, coenzyme Q10, and alpha-lipoic acid, was taken into consideration, which outlined the minimum range of tests that ought to be performed on patients in order to either directly or indirectly determine the severity of malnutrition in this group of patients.

The Biological Impact of Co-Treatment with Coenzyme Q10 and Zinc Methionine on Some Biochemical Parameters in Awassi Ewes

This study was conducted in the Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Tikrit, to study the impact of treatment with Coenzyme Q10 and Zinc Methionine on some blood biochemical parameters in Awassi lambs. A total of 20 Awassi lambs, aged between 4 and 4.5 months, with an average weight of 21.71 ± 0.34 kg, were utilized and randomly assigned to five treatment groups. The first group received distilled water, while the second and third groups were administered Coenzyme Q10 at doses of 25 and 50 mg per 5 ml of water per animal, respectively. The fourth and fifth groups received a combination of Coenzyme Q10 and Zinc Methionine at doses of (25 mg of Q10/ 5 ml of water/animal + 100 mg of zinc/ animal) and (50 mg of Q10/5 ml of water/animal + 100 mg of zinc/animal), respectively. The results of this study revealed significant (P ≤ 0.05) increases in the levels of total proteins and albumin in the blood of animals in the fifth, fourth, and third treatment groups compared to the first and second groups. Moreover, a significant increase in globulin levels was observed in the fifth and third treatment groups compared to the other groups 90 days after treatment. Additionally, there was a significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in the total cholesterol level in the blood serum of animals in the fifth treatment group compared to the other groups. Furthermore, there was a significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in the levels of triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as a significant reduction in atherogenic index in the treated animals compared to the control group. Additionally, there was a significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the blood serum of animals in the fifth and fourth treatment groups compared to the control group, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels showed a significant increase in the fifth and fourth treatment groups compared to the control group after 90 days of treatment.

Recovery response of coenzyme Q10 to exercise-related physiological muscle damage, inflammation and oxidative stress: A systematic review

This systematic review aims to demonstrate that coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation may be an effective molecule in improving exercise performance and recovering muscle damage, improving antioxidant capacity, and suppressing inflammatory processes. The study covers the literature in PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus databases from 2011 to 2023. The final review was conducted on June 6. In the literature analysis, eight keywords (exercise, oxidative stress, CoQ10, muscle damage, inflammation, skeletal muscle, heart muscle, and performance) were employed to investigate the publications. The full texts of 362 full texts of articles were included in this study. These were analyzed according to the PRISMA reporting criteria. In the analysis, one study was conducted with experimental animals, two studies were conducted with male and female participants, and 12 studies were conducted with only male participants. Participants in twelve studies were well-trained. However, two studies were conducted with a sedentary group. In addition, CoQ10 supplementation was present in all studies. CoQ10 supplementation was between 5-60 mg/kg in 4 studies and 100 mg/kg and above in the remaining 10 studies. Antioxidant capacities and inflammation markers were among the parameters of most interest. There were fewer studies on skeletal and cardiac muscle damage and performance markers. CoQ10 supplementation during intense exercise elevates plasma CoQ10 and antioxidant levels while reducing inflammation markers. Additionally, it enhances contractile function in sarcomeres and cardiomyocytes. Nevertheless, additional studies are necessary to comprehensively as certain CoQ10 impact on athletic performance.

Beneficial effects of oral antioxidant supplementation on semen quality parameters, reproductive hormones, and sperm DNA integrity in men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia.

Recently, oral antioxidants in combined forms have been used to treat men with idiopathic infertility. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of treatment with vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, zinc, arginine, L-carnitine, and coenzyme Q10 on sperm quality parameters, DNA integrity, reproductive hormones, and pregnancy rates in men with infertility and idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT). A prospective study was conducted on 420 men with infertility and idiopathic OAT who took an oral supplement of antioxidant SP-Power tablets twice daily for 6 months. Semen quality, reproductive hormones, and the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) were evaluated at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after supplementation, using the World Health Organization 2021 guidelines. No significant difference was observed in volume or the percentage of typical morphology during treatment. A significant improvement in sperm concentration was observed after supplementation (8.67±1.41, 12.17±1.91, and 19.01±0.86 at baseline, 3, and 6 months respectively, p<0.01). The total motility, progressive motility, and total motile sperm count also increased significantly (p<0.01), whereas the DFI decreased after 6 months. There was an increase in normal FSH levels and testosterone levels after 6 months of supplementation of antioxidant SP-Power but these differences were not statistically significant (p=not significant and p=0.06, respectively). Supplementation with SP-Power tablets improved sperm quality parameters, sperm DFI, some reproductive hormones, and pregnancy rates in men with infertility and idiopathic OAT, which could be attributed to the supplement's synergistic antioxidant action. Further studies are needed to determine the effects of supplementation on oxidative stress markers.

Immuno-Haematological Indices Stabilizing Attributes of Co-Enzyme Q10 Supplementation in Thioacetamide Poisoned Wistar Rats

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 or Co_Q10) as a known endogenous compound has been linked to some therapeutic functions, thus, the need for further exploration in more dysfunctional biological scenarios. This present study, thus, evaluated the stabilizing attributes of Co-enzyme Q10 supplementation in thioacetamide (TAA) altered immuno-haematological system in Wistar rats. One hundred and twenty (120) male Wistar rats weighing 250 and 280g were used for the study and were randomly separated into four sub-groups of 30 rats per treatment interval of week 3, 6, 9 and 12. In the individual weeks, the rats were further grouped into six different groups of five rats each. The groups included Group 1-control and received 1ml of normal saline (intraperitoneally―ip), Group 2 received only 200 mg/kg TAA (ip) twice weekly, Group 3 received 5mg/kg Co_Q10, daily per oral (po), Group 4 received 10mg/kg Co_Q10 daily (po), Group 5 received 200 mg/kg TAA (ip) twice weekly and 5mg/kg Co_Q10 (po) daily and Group 6 received 200 mg/kg TAA (ip) twice weekly and 10mg/kg Co_Q10 (po) daily. After weeks 3, 6, 9 and 12 of treatments, blood samples were collected and instantly transferred into well labeled blood sample bottles with anticoagulant. After appropriate laboratory and statistical analyses, the quantitative results were obtained. The result showed that following TAA toxicity, the levels of white blood cells (WBC) were significantly (P&lt;0.05) reduced; meanwhile, those of macrophage and tissue necrotic factor alpha (TNFα) were remarkably (P&lt;0.05) increased. However, upon the supplementations with Co-Q10 in the respective weeks (3, 6, 9 and 12) of treatment, all the aforementioned deranged values of WBC, macrophages and TNFα were significantly (P&lt;0.05) stabilized/normalized (i.e. brought to similar range of the normal untreated rats). Therefore, Co-Q10 supplementation may be of beneficial therapeutic value in particular haematological dysfunctional scenarios.

Exploring mitochondrial biomarkers for Friedreich's ataxia: a multifaceted approach

This study presents an in-depth analysis of mitochondrial enzyme activities in Friedreich's ataxia (FA) patients, focusing on the Electron Transport Chain complexes I, II, and IV, the Krebs Cycle enzyme Citrate Synthase, and Coenzyme Q10 levels. It examines a cohort of 34 FA patients, comparing their mitochondrial enzyme activities and clinical parameters, including disease duration and cardiac markers, with those of 17 healthy controls. The findings reveal marked reductions in complexes II and, specifically, IV, highlighting mitochondrial impairment in FA. Additionally, elevated Neurofilament Light Chain levels and cardiomarkers were observed in FA patients. This research enhances our understanding of FA pathophysiology and suggests potential biomarkers for monitoring disease progression. The study underscores the need for further clinical trials to validate these findings, emphasizing the critical role of mitochondrial dysfunction in FA assessment and treatment.

Exocyclic DNA adducts and oxidative stress parameters: useful tools for biomonitoring exposure to aldehydes in smokers

Exocyclic DNA adducts have been shown to be potential biomarkers of cancer risk related to oxidative stress and exposure to aldehydes in smokers. In fact, aldehydes potentially arise from tobacco combustion directly and endogenously through lipid peroxidation. This study aims to investigate the relationship between a profile of nine aldehydes-induced DNA adducts and antioxidant activities, in order to evaluate new biomarkers of systemic exposure to aldehydes. Using our previously published UPLC-MS/MS method, adducts levels were quantified in the blood DNA of 34 active smokers. The levels of antioxidant vitamins (A, C and E), coenzyme Q10, β-carotene, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and autoantibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein were measured. Adducts induced by tobacco smoking-related aldehydes were quantified at levels reflecting an oxidative production from lipid peroxidation. A significant correlation between SOD and crotonaldehyde-induced adducts (p = 0.0251) was also observed. β-carotene was negatively correlated with adducts of formaldehyde (p = 0.0351) and acetaldehyde (p = 0.0413). Vitamin C tended to inversely correlate with acetaldehyde-induced adducts (p = 0.0584). These results are promising, and the study is now being conducted on larger cohort with the aim of evaluating the impact of smoking cessation programs on the evolution of adducts profile and antioxidants activities.

Abstract P177: Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Statin-Related Myopathic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Introduction: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has shown promising results as an adjuvant therapy to statins. However, the efficacy of this agent is still unclear. Hypothesis: The use of CoQ10 mitigates statin-related myopathic pain. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CoQ10 supplementation with placebo in patients taking statins. A random-effects model was employed to compute the mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Statistical analysis was performed using R software 4.3.1. Results: A total of 5 studies and 227 patients were included, of whom 48% were randomized to CoQ10 supplementation. Compared with placebo, CoQ10 had no effects on pain severity score (MD -0.94; 95% CI -3.80 to 1.91; p=0.5), and pain intensity score (MD -1.51; 95% CI -4.09 to 1.06; p = 0.2). Moreover, no association was found with low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (MD -0.07; 95% CI -0.47 to 0.34; p = 0.7). Conclusions: In this meta-analysis of 5 RCTs, supplementation with CoQ10 did not yield statistically significant results. These findings suggest that CoQ10 has no impact on statin-related myopathic pain.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: current therapeutic strategies.

The definition of "Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease - MAFLD" has replaced the previous definition of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), because cardiometabolic criteria have been added for the prevention of cardiological risk in these patients. This definition leads to an in-depth study of the bidirectional relationships between hepatic steatosis, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and/or their complications. Lifestyle modification, which includes correct nutrition combined with regular physical activity, represents the therapeutic cornerstone of MAFLD. When therapy is required, there is not clear accord on how to proceed in an optimal way with nutraceutical or pharmacological therapy. Numerous studies have attempted to identify nutraceuticals with a significant benefit on metabolic alterations and which contribute to the improvement of hepatic steatosis. Several evidences are supporting the use of silymarin, berberine, curcumin, Nigella sativa, Ascophyllum nodosum, and Fucus vesiculosus, vitamin E, coenzyme Q10 and Omega-3. However, more evidence regarding the long-term efficacy and safety of these compounds are required. There is numerous evidence that highlights the use of therapies such as incretins or the use of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors or other similar therapies which, by assisting existing therapies for pathologies such as diabetes, hypertension, insulin resistance, have given a breakthrough in prevention and the reduction of cardiometabolic risk. This review gave an overview of the current therapeutic strategies that are expected to aid in the treatment and prevention of MAFLD.

Dantrolene and coenzyme Q10 as a suggested combination therapy to statin-induced myopathy in high fat diet rats: A possible interference with ROS/ TGF-β / Smad4 signaling pathway

One of the major hitches for statins' utilization is the development of myotoxicity. Versatile studies reported that the underlining molecular mechanisms including coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)/ubiquinone depletion, as well as the disturbance in the cytoplasmic Ca2+ homeostasis. Therefore, we investigated the consequences of supplementing CoQ10 and dantrolene, a cytoplasmic Ca2+ reducing agent, in combination with simvastatin. This adjuvant therapy normalized the simvastatin-mediated elevation in serum ALT, AST, CK-MM, as well as tissue Ca2+ content, in addition to suppressing the simvastatin-mediated oxidative stress in simvastatin-treated rats, while having no effect upon statin-induced antihyperlipidemic effect. Additionally, the combination inhibited the simvastatin-induced TGF-β/ Smad4 pathway activation. Collectively, the current study emphasizes on the potential utilization of dantrolene and CoQ10 as an adjuvant therapy to statins treatment for improving their side effect profile.

Oxidative Stress and Migraine.

The pathogenesis of migraine is not completely understood, but inflammation and oxidative stress seem to be involved, according to data from an experimental model of the disease. This narrative review summarizes data from studies on oxidative stress markers in migraine patients, case-control association studies on the possible association of candidate genes related to oxidative stress with the risk for migraine, studies showing the presence of oxidative stress in experimental models of migraine, and studies on the efficacy of antioxidant drugs in migraine therapy. Many studies have addressed the value of concentrations of prooxidant and antioxidant substances or the activity of antioxidant enzymes in different tissues (mainly in serum/plasma or in blood cells) as possible biomarkers for migraine, being thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactive substances (TBARS) such as malonyl dialdehyde acid (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal, and nitric oxide (this at least during migraine attacks in patients with migraine with aura (MWA) the most reliable. In addition, the possible usefulness of antioxidant treatment is not well established, although preliminary short-term studies suggest a beneficial action of some of them such as Coenzyme Q10 and riboflavin. Both topics require further prospective, multicenter studies with a long-term follow-up period involving a large number of migraine patients and controls.

Comparison of Glutathione Nanoparticles, CoEnzyme Q10, and Fish Oil for Prevention of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy in Neonatal Rats.

Notch ligands and receptors are important for cell specification and angiogenesis, but their role in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) is not well studied. Delta-like ligand (DLL)-4/Notch inhibits angiogenesis, while Jagged-1/Notch promotes angiogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that early supplementation with antioxidants and/or fish oil curtails severe OIR by inducing DLL-4/Notch and reducing Jagged-1/Notch. Newborn rats were exposed to brief intermittent hypoxia (IH) during hyperoxia, during which they received daily oral supplements of (1) fish oil, (2) coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in olive oil (OO), (3) glutathione nanoparticles (nGSH), (4) fish oil + CoQ10, or (5) OO (controls) from birth (P0) to P14. At P14, the pups were placed in room air (RA) until P21, with no further treatment. Oxidative stress, apoptosis, ocular histopathology, and Notch signaling were assessed. Neonatal IH resulted in severe retinal damage consistent with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Retinal damage was associated with induced oxidative stress and Jagged-1/Notch signaling, as well as reduced DLL-4/Notch signaling. All treatments reversed these outcomes, but nGSH produced the most beneficial outcomes. Severe OIR promoted the induction of Jagged-1/Notch and curtailed DLL-4/Notch, which was an effect that could be reversed with nGSH supplementation. These findings may indicate a potential alternate pathway for ROP treatment and/or prevention.

The Role of Mitochondria in Statin-Induced Myopathy.

Statins represent the primary therapy for combatting hypercholesterolemia and reducing mortality from cardiovascular events. Despite their pleiotropic effects in lowering cholesterol synthesis, circulating cholesterol, as well as reducing the risk of other systemic diseases, statins have adverse events in a small, but significant, population of treated patients. The most prominent of these adverse effects is statin-induced myopathy, which lacks precise definition but is characterised by elevations in the muscle enzyme creatine kinase alongside musculoskeletal complaints, including pain, weakness and fatigue. The exact aetiology of statin-induced myopathy remains to be elucidated, although impaired mitochondrial function is thought to be an important underlying cause. This may result from or be the consequence of several factors including statin-induced inhibition of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) biosynthesis, impaired Ca2+ signalling and modified reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The purpose of this review article is to provide an update on the information available linking statin therapy with mitochondrial dysfunction and to outline any mechanistic insights, which may be beneficial in the future treatment of myopathic adverse events.

Metabolic etiologies in children with infantile epileptic spasm syndrome: Experience at a tertiary pediatric neurology center

ObjectiveInfantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS), including West syndrome (WS) and infantile spasm (IS), causes a challenging prognosis, particularly when associated with metabolic etiologies. MethodsThis study, conducted at a tertiary pediatric neurology center, explored the prevalence and clinical features of inborn errors of metabolism in 112 children with IESS over 10 years. ResultsMost patients presented with seizures, primarily flexor spasms, and the median age at onset was 5 months. Comprehensive clinical evaluation and neuroimaging revealed structural-acquired causes as the most common etiology. Notably, inborn errors of metabolism were identified in 5.4 % of cases, with six distinct diagnoses including nonketotic hyperglycinemia, pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy, primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency 7, congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIM, 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydrobiopterin synthase deficiency, and argininosuccinate lyase deficiency. The prevalence of inborn errors of metabolism in this cohort was consistent with global variations reported in the literature. Genetic testing, including karyotype analysis and whole exome sequencing, was performed in a subset of cases with no clear diagnosis, revealing abnormalities in approximately 50 % of cases. Adrenocorticotropic hormone emerged as the most frequently prescribed antiseizure medication. ConclusionThis study provides insight into the diagnostic challenges associated with IESS and highlights the importance of metabolic investigations, especially in cases without a clear etiology. The findings emphasize the need for further genetic and metabolic studies to enhance prognostic accuracy and guide potential treatment options for children with IESS, particularly in populations with high rates of consanguinity.