Tyumen Region Research Articles

ВЕТЕРИНАРНО-САНИТАРНАЯ ОЦЕНКА МЯСА И СУБПРОДУКТОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ СОВРЕМЕННОГО МЯСОПЕРЕРАБАТЫВАЮЩЕГО ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ

The aim of research is to conduct veterinary and sanitary control of meat, offal and to assess the safety of food raw materials in the conditions of a modern meat processing plant. Research was conducted from 2022 to 2023 at the State Autonomous Institution of the Northern Trans-Urals, at the meat-packing plant OOO Soglasie (Tyumen Region). 234,622 pig carcasses and 7,124 cattle carcasses were admitted to veterinary inspection, 1,680 samples of meat and offal taken from pigs and cattle were also examined. The following methods were used: visual inspection, reactions with copper sulfide (CuSO4), peroxidase tests, determination of the pH of the medium and a formol reaction. Studies have shown that out of 1807 (2022) and 1636 (2023) samples of meat and offal obtained from pig slaughter, poor quality meat and offal was determined (in 29.0 and 31.9 % of samples, respectively). In 2022, some pigs were slaughtered in a moribund state (20.2 %), with pathological processes of various etiologies – in 79.8% of cases, in 2023 – 14.9 % of cases – in a moribund state and 85.1 % – with various pathological processes. When analyzing and assessing the quality of meat and offal obtained from slaughtering cattle, in 2022 out of 181 samples and in 2023 out of 200 samples, poor quality meat and offal was found in 53.03 % and 53.5 % of cases, respectively. The lowest percentage of positive samples was for pork – 32.5 % (2022) and beef – 32.9 % (2023). When assessing the quality of meat and offal obtained from pig slaughter, the largest number of deviations was found in 2022 in June (3.3 %), July (3.5 %) and August (3.7 %) and in 2023 in April (3.8 %), June (4.0 %), July (4.2 %) and August (4.5 %), this factor indicates a violation of the microclimate parameters in the summer at the veterinary and sanitary inspection facility and thereby negatively affects the physiological state of animals.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ТОКСИЧНОСТЬ ХЛОРФЕНАПИРА ДЛЯ ИМАГО MUSCA DOMESTICA РАЗНЫХ ЛИНИЙ

The aim of the study is to compare the toxicity of chlorfenapyr for M. domestica of different lines, including the natural population living in the Tyumen Region. Objectives: to establish the sensitivity of these lines to chlorfenapyr by calculating lethal concentrations and the resistance index. The objects of the study are individuals of two laboratory lines (Lab TY and Lab UF), previously not exposed to insecticides, and the natural population Nik. The Lab TY line was obtained from the Novosibirsk Agrarian University in 2009, the Lab UF line – from the Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2023. Individuals of the natural population Nik were caught in May – September 2023 in livestock buildings in the Sladkovsky District of the Tyumen Region. The contact-intestinal action of the insecticide (Pirafen, EC, active ingredient chlorfenapyr, 360 g/l) on M. domestica was assessed using the group feeding method. The experiment was conducted in laboratory conditions, where the insects were exposed to chlorfenapyr in various concentrations. The mortality of insects was recorded 24, 48, and 72 hours after exposure to the insecticide. Insects unable to move and fly were considered dead. The results of toxicological tests were analyzed by probit analysis to calculate lethal concentrations (LC5, LC50, LC95 – concentrations at which 5; 50; 95 % of the experimental insects die, respectively) using the free version of the program. Differences in two LC values were considered statistically significant if the corresponding 95 % confidence intervals did not overlap. Imagoes of both laboratory lines were similar in sensitivity to the insecticide chlorfenapyr. Individuals of the natural population were highly sensitive to chlorfenapyr, which indicates the prospects for using preparations based on it in the field of veterinary disinsection.

Ethnicity and citizenship in the structure of the youthful "We-concept"

The problem of social identification of an individual and the "We-concept" is one of the most popular in modern social and humanitarian knowledge. Particular attention of researchers is drawn to the issues of ethnic and civic identity of Russians, their significance and interaction in the "We-concept" of youth. This topic is of particular importance due to a number of factors, among which are the multicultural nature of the Russian nation, modern globalization and geopolitical processes. The article is based on the analysis of some results of the survey "Who Am I? Who Are We? in Youth", conducted in November 2023 - March 2024 using the online questionnaire method in six regions of the Russian Federation (Arkhangelsk, Volgograd and Tyumen regions, the republics of Bashkortostan, Buryatia and Udmurtia). The study shows that the state and civil identity of Russians can be considered as a hierarchically structured system in which ethnic, regional and local identities act as its levels. Ethnic identity continues to retain its significance, but is somewhat inferior to Russian identity. Moreover, as people grow older, the significance of social identity categories (ethnic, civil) generally begins to yield to self-identity categories.

ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ ПОПУЛЯЦИИ СОРТОВ ОВСА, ВОЗДЕЛЫВАЕМЫХ В ТЮМЕНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ, ЗА 90-ЛЕТНИЙ ПЕРИОД

The study of indicators of the genetic structure of the population and their changes over time is important for improving the efficiency of the breeding process and competent management of the development of populations of varieties. High efficiency in such studies was shown by prolamin-coding loci. The aim of research was to assess changes over time in the indicators of the genetic structure of the populations of oat varieties included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in the Tyumen Region from 1929 to 2021 using multiple alleles of avenin-coding loci. The material for the study was 19 varieties of oats. Eight different alleles were identified for the Avn A locus, 7 for the Avn B locus, and 6 for the Avn C locus. C2 and Cnew. Allelic variants A1, A5, Anew, B1, Bnew1, Bnew2 and C1 had a low frequency of occurrence and were eliminated from the population within several decades. The most stable values of intrapopulation diversity and the proportion of rare morphs over time are typical for the Avn A locus. The value of intrapopulation diversity at the Avn B and Avn C loci changed in waves, while periods of a decrease in the value of this indicator for one of the loci were accompanied by its increase for another. The intrapopulation diversity of oat varieties is currently characterized as high. The indicator of the proportion of rare morphs has a low value (0.04–0.09), which indicates the stability of the analyzed population. The alleles of the Avn B and Avn C loci are promising for study as markers of gene associations that determine adaptively significant traits, and the Avn B locus is economically valuable traits in the conditions of the Tyumen Region.

Экологические особенности восстановления нарушенных земель приполярья при использовании растительных сообществ в Тюменской области

This paper provided research on the restoration of disturbed lands in the circumpolar area using plant communities in the Tyumen Region. The opening up and development of the circumpolar and polar zones of the Tyumen Region has been carried out for 60 years. Construction is underway and dozens of cities, hundreds of villages, many industrial facilities have been built, thousands of kilometers of pipelines have been laid. As a result of these constructions, the vegetation of the tundra and forest-tundra was destroyed over vast areas, and the bottom of the ancient ocean was opened. Work to restore the soil and vegetation cover of the lands of the Far North, carrying out biological reclamation, is a new and rather complex matter. The goal of our research was to develop a technology for biological land reclamation using perennial grasses, peat and fertilizers for given conditions. Work to restore disturbed lands was carried out in the permafrost zone of the subpolar and polar zones of the Tyumen Region. The natural and climatic conditions of the territory are characterized by a long eight-month winter with little snow and a short summer with cold winds, mainly from the north. Experimental tests on biological land reclamation were carried out near the city of Novy Urengoy, subpolar zone, in a quarry adjacent to gas processing complex № 6. According to observation data over three years of research, at a peat application rate of 1.0 thousand m3/ha, the yield in the control variant was 17.1 c/ha. With a minimum dose of flour of 2 t/ha, the dry matter yield reached 22.9 c/ha. When the dose of dolomite flour was increased to 4–8 t/ha, the yield of dry mass of perennial grasses was 23.4–23.7 c/ha. These experiments need to be continued.

ВЕТЕРИНАРНЫЕ ПРЕПАРАТЫ НА ОСНОВЕ ЩАВЕЛЕВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ И ИХ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРИ ВАРРОАТОЗЕ

The purpose of the study is to review the methods of combating the Varroa destructor mite, based on the use of oxalic acid as an active substance, in Russia and abroad. The paper presents methods that include the use of different formulations of oxalic acid and compares their effectiveness. The influence of various factors – periods of development of bees, climatic conditions – on their effectiveness is shown. In Russia, tests of the effectiveness of oxalic acid were carried out in the absence of brood in families in the autumn in regions such as the Moscow Region, Krasnodar Region, and the Tyumen Region. The treatment was carried out by spraying the combs with a water-sugar solution (1:1) with an acid concentration of 3.2 % at a dose of 5 ml per frame and watering the bees into the spaces between the frames at the same concentration. In addition, feeding of oxalic acid with sugar syrup, fumigation with natural evaporation and the use of aerosols were used. Therapeutic efficacy in experimental families reached 90 % with a single treatment. The same efficiency was achieved as a result of double treatment by spraying the bees on the frames with a 2 % aqueous solution of oxalic acid at a dose of 10–12 ml in the spring (non-fertile) period at an air temperature of 27–29 °C and in the late autumn period at an air temperature of 3–11 °C. Foreign researchers have studied and proposed oxalic acid to combat varroatosis due to the fact that when it is used, this substance does not accumulate in bee products and there is no harm to bee colonies.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПОГОДНЫХ УСЛОВИЙ ТЮМЕНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ НА СОДЕРЖАНИЕ СУХОГО ВЕЩЕСТВА В ЗЕЛЕНОЙ МАССЕ КЛЕВЕРА ЛУГОВОГО

The purpose of research is to study the influence of weather conditions in the Tyumen Region on the percentage of dry matter in the green mass of late-ripening varieties of red clover during the harvesting period. Observations were carried out on the experimental field of the Research Institute of Agriculture of the Northern Trans-Urals – a branch of the Tyumen Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2015–2022 on plants of 12 late-ripening (single-cut) samples of red clover of the 1st year of use. Weather conditions in most years were warm with sufficient precipitation, dry conditions were observed only in 2021; the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) of Selyaninov was 0.47–2.55. The date of resumption of vegetation was noted in the second decade of April, the cutting of green mass was carried out in the second decade of July. In 2015–2022 harvesting of green mass from varieties of red clover ranged from 17.9 to 62.5 t/ha, with a dry matter content in it from 20.4 to 37.1 % and a difference between the values by years from 0.8 to 13.3 %. There was a relationship between the value of the HTC and the ratio of fodder products in freshly harvested (green mass) and dry form (hay). With HTC values >2, the collection of green mass was 4.2–4.6 times higher than the yield of hay with HTC < 2, 3.0–3.4 times. The dry matter content of green mass under conditions of excessive moisture (HTC = 2.4–2.55) decreesed – 21.9–23.5 %, with a lack of moisture (HTC = 0.47–1.25) increased – 31.2–34.7 %, which was confirmed by a significant negative correlation (r = -0.753–0.965) between the dry matter content and the HTC for the season (April – July) for all varieties. The sum of active temperatures in April-May (r = 0.746–0.846 for 5 varieties) could also contribute to the increase in the dry matter content in the green mass, which indicated the importance of warmth during the spring regrowth.

The Traditional Dwelling of the Mordvins: On the History of Classification and Transformations

Ethno-cultural tradition has historically determined the type of dwelling to be constructed for a relatively long period of time. However, in response to changing circumstances, the type of residential building can also change significantly. The lack of a comprehensive analysis of the history of classification and transformation of the Mordovian dwellings in the indigenous territory of residence and in other regions of Russia represents a significant obstacle to scientific research in this field. In the context of the current surge in interest in ethnotourism and the preservation of cultural heritage, this scientific research is particularly relevant for younger generations. Information on the history of formation and classification (by the way of its vertical development, by horizontal layout and by the method of construction) of the traditional Mordovian dwelling in the Mordovian Territory / Republic of Mordovia, Volga region, Siberia was collected by the author both in the Republic of Mordovia and in ethnographic expeditions in Tyumen, Kemerovo, Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Kurgan region, Altai, Krasnoyarsk Territory and other regions of Russia (1991–2018). By vertical development dwellings of the distant past can be classified as following forms: a hut; a dugout and a semi-dugout; a bathhouse; an izba; wooden and adobe houses. According to the horizontal layout the dwellings can be classified as single-chamber, two-chamber, three-chamber dwellings, etc. According to the material and method of construction they are either made of log (mainly), clay, adobe or bricks, due to natural, economic and other factors. Outside Mordovia, Mordovian dwellings differ by material: wood, clay, stone, adobe houses; and by structure: log cabins and crosses (the latter is most common in the villages of Kalinovka, Pokrovka of the Sorokinsky district of the Tyumen region). Dwelling complexes near Mordovia in settlements in the Mordovian region were constantly changing. This was facilitated by the rise in the material well-being of rural residents. The share of two- and three-chamber housing increased with time. The process was faster in towns, more prosperous settlements, settlements located near highways, railways, industrial centers, while in the villages where the population came into contact with urban culture less often, this transition was slower. It would be inaccurate to speak of original and special Mordovian dwellings these days. The Mordvins have been living in next to the Russians for many centuries, their types of economy and building traditions are very similar. The housing of the Mordovian settlers are now largely indistinguishable from those of the surrounding population. The characteristics identified are more indicative of regional than ethnic differences.

The Rational Regional Schedule of Preventive Vaccinations

Relevance. The National vaccination schedule (NVS) of the Russian Federation includes 12 infections against 17–18 indicated in the Vaccination Schedules of most EU countries, and requires improvement in terms of expanding the number of infections and contingents subject to immunization, which is reflected in the «Strategy for the development of vaccine prevention of infectious diseases for the period up to 2035» and the roadmap for its implementation. Since the process of entry of new infections and new vaccines into NVS is quite «difficult» and economically costly (development of domestic vaccines, modernization of domestic enterprises, localization of production of foreign vaccines at Russian enterprises, formation of commitment of medical workers and public confidence in new immunobiological medicines), part of the tasks is to ensure public accessibility to vaccine prevention of infections not indicated in the The NVS can be successfully solved within the framework of regional vaccination schedules (RVS).Aims. To propose and interpret the concept of rational regional vaccination schedules, and also to outline the principles of its formation and assessment of the immediate and long-term prospects for the development of regional foundations of vaccination prevention.Results and discussion. RVS is an expanded version of NVS by including additional vaccine-controlled infections, taking into account the epidemic situation and the presence of high-risk groups of infection in the region. In modern conditions, RVS have been developed and are effectively used in a number of subjects of the Russian Federation, such as Moscow, Perm Krai, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Tyumen Regions, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, etc. The implementation of vaccine prophylaxis in the regions using this tool provides conditions for equal access of children and adults to modern highly effective vaccines, increases public awareness of the benefits and risks of vaccination and the level of population immunity, contributes to improving mechanisms for providing citizens with immunobiological drugs and the formation of epidemic well-being in the region based on a risk-based approach.Conclusions. In accordance with this paradigm, the authors introduce and interpret the concept of an «Rational regional vaccination schedules», define the basic principles of its formation and assess the short- and long-term prospects for the development of the regional foundations of vaccination.

The effect of deep subsoil tillage on productivity and grain quality of spring wheat variety ‘Iren’ in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region

The purpose of the current work was to study the effect of deep subsoil tillage on productivity and grain quality of spring wheat variety ‘Iren’ in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. The study was conducted on the experimental plot of the Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University in 2020–2022. There has been established that with annual moldboard plowing of leached heavy loamy blackearth, there is a dense subsurface soil layer with a density of 1.6–2.1 g/cm2 , which restrains the flow of water into the deep soil layers and limits the development of the root system. The deep (35–40 cm) subsoil tillage PCHN-2.1 allows reducing the soil density to 1.2 g/cm2 , increasing the moisture reserve in the arable layer from 19 to 24 mm, in the meter layer from 147 to 173 mm. The wheat plants have grown, developed well and formed a leaf area of 42.4 thousand m2 /ha, which is 7.7 thousand m2 /ha higher compared to moldboard plowing. 4.41 million plants remained for harvesting with deep subsoil tillage, 4.06 million plants/ha with moldboard plowing, the productive acidity was 1.1; 1.3, respectively, the number of grains per ear was 14 and 18 pcs. in favor of deep subsoil tillage. The productivity was 4.61 t/ha, which was 0.69 t/ha higher compared to moldboard plowing. There were no significant differences in grain quality; in both tillage options the grain met the requirements for valuable wheat. Profitability was 40.3 %, which was 15.5 % higher than with moldboard plowing.

Hydrogeological uniqueness of groundwater in the Cherkashinsky area of the Tobolsk district of the Tyumen region

Intensive development of the Tyumen region, where the largest West Siberian megabasin is located (the Tyumen groundwater deposit is the largest in Russia), violates the natural state of ecosystems, in particular groundwater, which is the basis of an ecosystem vital to the health of the planet. Currently, the significance of groundwater is often underestimated. Professor Robert Reinecke from Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz emphasizes that groundwater should be considered as a crucial ecosystem. This is because groundwater is a major ecosystem itself, also it plays a critical role in the earth surface. So what is the hydrogeological uniqueness of the groundwater of the Cherkashinsky area in the Tobolsk district of the Tyumen region?Mineral and thermal groundwater, historically termed "medicinal water," are essential. In the early 20th century, "mineral water" was synonymous with "medicinal water." Today, groundwater is utilized not only as a mineral resource for extracting valuable components like bromine and iodine but also as technical water. Technical water have special requirements. This is due to the need to assess the geochemical compatibility of formation fluids and injected fluids, because forecasting equilibrium can help prevent problems of salt deposition in oil fields. The difficult procedure for determining the compatibility of injected water and formation water complicates the operational use of hydrochemical data, in especially in monitoring calcite precipitate.The aim of this article is to present the groundwater composition and evaluate the geochemical compatibility of formation fluids and injected fluids in the Cherkashinsky area. Studying this science topic, we mostly used method of atomic-absorption analysis and the geochemical compatibility of formation fluids and injected fluids. This study examines the value of concentration and potential accumulation of micro-components (bromine and iodine) in groundwater, defined by the geological and hydrogeological conditions of this area. Additionally, we have identified a computational method of compatibility of mixed waters based on calcite and gypsum. Also, we showed the dependency of calcium salt solubility in a multi-component mixture on temperature, pressure, and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide.

Export of Medical Services in the Tyumen Region: Nosological Analysis for 2023

Introduction. Since 2019, the export of Russian medical services has been realized in accordance with the “Development of the export of medical services” regional project that is being implemented in 70 subjects of the Russian Federation. This initiative has drawn significant interest from the scientific community, particularly regarding the strategies developed by various regions to promote inbound medical tourism and export of medical services. While much of the focus has been on the export potential and programs aimed at attracting foreign patients, there is a scarcity of studies of nosologies, or medical specialties, which are the basis of the strategy for regional export of medical services.The goals of the study were to analyze the export of medical services in the Tyumen Region in the context of export-oriented medical specialties in demand from foreign citizens, to determine the strategic significance of certain medical specialties within the export system, as well as to identify the strategic development of their export potential upon graphical data. As statistical report on the export of medical services for this year is unified, this study aims at setting the standard for nosological analysis for regional management teams involved in project implementation.Results and conclusion. The study was based on the data on the export of medical services in the Tyumen region for 2023. The work discusses revenue by sources of financing, including the types of medical care (inpatient, outpatient, and day hospital). Average costs of medical care and medical specialties being of particular interest for the development of regional export programs not only in terms of profitability but also with focus on the burden on the healthcare system, were identified. The possible strategies for developing the potential of certain medical specialties were determined by the method of graphical analysis.

Features of blood-sucking miscellaneous flies (<i>Diptera: Simuliidae</i>) biotopic distribution in the Tyumen region as potential vectors of tularemia

The article presents a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of the family of blood-sucking midges (Diptera: Simuliidae). These insects are known for their role in the transmission of various pathogens to humans and animals, including viruses, bacteria and protozoa. Their distribution, seasonal dynamics and preferred habitats, as well as epidemiological significance in different geographic regions are considered. The study aims to inform and guide public health for the development of more effective strategies for the control and prevention of diseases transmitted by blood-sucking midges. Changes in the state of regional faunas associated with the shift in the boundaries of species ranges can be explained by both anthropogenic transformation of landscapes and climate dynamics. From the list of blood-sucking midges identified by us, inhabiting the territory of the Tyumen region, potential vectors of tularemia pathogens are B maculatus, Sch. рusilla, which is consistent with the literature data.

Midges (<i>Diptera, Simuliidae</i>) as bioindicators of water bodies

The article presents the results of a long-term study (since 2006) of the breeding of blood-sucking midges breeding characteristics (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the rivers of the Tyumen region south. The studies allowed us to identify the breeding sites of four species belonging to four genera of blood-sucking midges are bioindicators Byssodon maculatus Mg., Cnetha verna Rubz., Schoenbaueria pusilla Rub., Boophthora erythrocephala D.G. Where the rare ones are Cnetha verna Rubz. and Boophthora erythrocephala D.G. The density of larvae and pupae in the habitat is insignificant is 5–20 pcs./dm2. Single individuals of the above species were found in the Tura River, which indicates pollution of the reservoir. Due to their high sensitivity to changes in the environment, midges are promising objects for bioindication studies.

Paid Medical Services from the Standpoint of Econometric Analysis of Medical-Demographic and Socio-Economic Indicators of the Region

Introduction. Studying medical-demographic and socio-economic indicators of various regions is relevant for creating and implementing a well-balanced functional model of private healthcare organizations.The purpose of the study was to conduct an econometric analysis of time series reflecting the dynamics of the main medical, demographic, and socio-economic indicators in the Tymen Region, with a focus on the potential growth of paid medical services sector.Materials and methods. Data from the territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service, annual industry collections, and territorial executive body of public health were analyzed. The analysis of time series was carried out according to econometric principles using the Dolado and FB_DES procedures of the Perron method.Results and conclusion. Between 2017 and 2023, Tyumen Region experienced consistent social and economic growth, positively impacting main demographic processes. The population increase, along with a relatively stable solvency among the economically active population, contributed to a growth of consumption, including health care services. The share of paid medical services in the total volume of services ranged from 8.0% to 9.8%. Despite changes in the structure and level of participation in the territorial program of state guarantees of medical care, the number of private medical organizations shows a positive linear trend.

The influence of increasing doses of mineral fertilizers on the balance of organic carbon in spring wheat crops in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals

The global community is currently solving several interconnected problems of global climate change and food security. The key to solving these problems is carbon, which is one of the most active greenhouse gases, as well as humic substances, which are the basis of arable land fertility. To implement the adopted "4 ppm" concept, it is necessary to find solutions to increase the absorption of organic carbon by arable soils and select the optimal elements of the farming system for specific soil and climatic conditions. The objective of the study was to study the effect of increasing doses of mineral fertilizers on the balance of organic carbon in spring wheat crops in 2023 in the, Tyumen Region (forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals). The scheme of the experiment: control (natural nutrition level) and variants with doses of NP fertilizers calculated for the planned yield: 3.0 t/ha (N95P46); 4.0 t/ha (N153P94); 5.0 t/ha (N211P142) and 6.0 t/ha (N270P190). Carbon dioxide emissions were measured using a chamber method and an AZ77535 infrared gas analyzer. Before harvesting, sheaves were sampled to determine the straw yield in 4-fold repetitions per 1 m2 , after harvesting – soil to determine the amount of root and stubble residues (RCR) using the method of N. Z. Stankov. Subsequently, the organic carbon content in plant residues was determined according to GOST 27980. During the growing season, carbon emissions in spring wheat crops without the use of fertilizers amounted to about 2400 kg/ha. The application of mineral fertilizers increased carbon dioxide production by 28–73 % relative to the control. It was noted that every 10 kg/ha active ingredient of mineral fertilizers increased carbon emission by 40.6 kg/ha in terms of pure carbon. Fertilizers in doses of N95-153Р46-94 did not affect the Corg content in spring wheat straw. The use of higher doses of mineral fertilizers led to a decrease in this indicator by 0.8 %. No reliable effect of mineral fertilizers on the Corg content in RCR was noted, the values of which varied from 41.3 to 42.0 % of dry matter. The return of organic carbon to the soil with plant residues in the control reached 2.2 t/ha, in the fertilized variants this indicator increased to 2.8–3.8 t/ha. When refusing to use fertilizers, a negative carbon balance is observed in the soil – Corg losses over the year of study amounted to 196 kg/ha. Fertilizer application at doses from N95P46 to N153P94 provided an increase in Corg in the soil of 93–96 kg/ha over the study period. Fertilizer application at doses above N211P142 led to a negative balance of Corg in the soil – losses reached 188–350 kg/ha.

Modern Youth Foreign Policy Orientations in the Context of International Tension

Introduction. The study of the peculiarities of foreign policy orientations of various social groups is of great importance for modern Russian society and requires comprehensive analysis in the context of the ongoing transformations of the world order and international tensions. The purpose of the research is to determine the structure and dynamics of foreign policy orientations of Russian youth in modern conditions. Materials and Methods. Analysis of all-Russian surveys on similar topics was conducted; the results of quantitative and qualitative author’s studies conducted in 2023–2024 among youth of the Russian regions: Penza, Saratov and Tyumen regions were analyzed. This made it possible to identify the dominant foreign policy orientations of young people and reveal the degree of support for Russia’s political course in the international arena. Results. The author’s structural model is presented, reflecting the essential content and main components of the system of foreign policy orientations of Russians, based on the Russian foreign policy approach at three levels: cognitive, identification-evaluation and activity. The author’s research allowed to obtain new data on the system and dominant foreign policy orientations, their direction and current dynamics; the similarity of foreign policy orientations of youth in different regions was determined and some of their differences in the socio-demographic section were revealed. Discussion and Conclusion. The foreign policy orientations of modern young people are highly developed, which is reflected both at the cognitive and at the identification-evaluation level. A positive image of Russia has been formed in their consciousness; they fully share Russia’s leading role in the modern world order and demonstrate understanding and acceptance of the foreign policy decisions made. The obtained results can be used in improving the conceptual framework of youth policy and the system of civic education of modern youth.

Результат внедрения технологии защиты предприятия от вредителей на примере ООО «ЗапСибХлеб-Исеть»

The object of the study is the dairy farm of ZapSibKhleb-Iset LLC at the address Tyumen region, Isetsky district, village. Krasnovo, st. Mira 70. Elevator at Tyumen region, Isetsky district, village. Isetskoye, st. Elevator 1. The idea of using original technology to protect an agricultural enterprise from pests (insects, rodents, birds) is presented. It is proposed to use the developed technical means as the basis of an integrated system for protecting an enterprise from pests. Key words: LIGHT TRAP, ELECTRODERATIZER, ELECTRIC BIRD REPELLER, PESTS IN THE AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY

Анализ возможности внедрения технологии защиты предприятия от вредителей на примере ООО «ЗапСибХлеб-Исеть»

The object of the study is the dairy farm of ZapSibKhleb-Iset LLC at the address Tyumen region, Isetsky district, village. Krasnovo, st. Mira 70. Elevator at Tyumen region, Isetsky district, village. Isetskoye, st. Elevator 1. The idea of using original technology to protect an agricultural enterprise from pests (insects, rodents, birds) is presented. It is proposed to use the developed technical means as the basis of an integrated system for protecting an enterprise from pests. Key words: LIGHT TRAP, ELECTRODERATIZER, ELECTRIC BIRD REPELLER, PESTS IN THE AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY

Practical Training of Students through Student Groups in the GAU of the Northern Urals

The article presents the experience of practice-oriented personnel training in agricultural educational institutions together with enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of the Tyumen region. The quality of training in agricultural universities does not always meet expectations, employers believe that students lack practical skills in their future professional field, which increases the time for adaptation in production during their employment. This requires new approaches to the organization of practical training, new methods and forms of classes. One of the attractive forms of obtaining practical skills is working in student teams. The purpose of the article is to analyze the state of knowledge of the problem of practical training of middle-level specialists in the scientific literature. Methodology and methods of research. General logical and theoretical research methods were used in the work – analysis of reference, encyclopedic and scientific literature on the research topic, synthesis. The results of the study. The normative documents of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation note that practical training in the implementation of educational programs of vocational education is focused on improving the model of practice-oriented training of middle-level specialists, strengthening the role of employers in the educational process, modeling conditions directly related to future professional activities; formation, consolidation, development of practical skills and competencies that meet the qualification requirements of employers. This article discusses the problems of the formation of professional competencies that arise in the learning process for students of the GAU of the Northern Trans-Urals. Conclusion. Considering the activities of Russian student groups as a means of professional development and formation of an active personality of university students, the directions of work of student groups are revealed.