Family Typology Research Articles

The Role of Rigidity in Adaptive and Maladaptive Families Assessed by FACES IV: The Points of View of Adolescents.

Previous studies using Olson’s Circumplex Model and FACES IV, the self-report assessing family functioning, did not clarify the role of rigidity, a dimension of this model. Rigidity emerged as ambiguous: it was considered either as a functional or as a dysfunctional dimension. Building upon the results of previous studies, we provided a contribution intended to disambiguate the role of rigidity considering adolescents’ perceptions and using a non-a priori classification analysis. 320 Italian adolescents (13–21 years) participated in this study and responded to a questionnaire containing scales of the study variables. A latent class analysis was performed to identify the association of rigidity with the other dimensions of Olson’s model and with indicators of adaptive family functioning in adolescence: parental monitoring and family satisfaction. We found six clusters corresponding to family typologies and having different levels of functioning. Rigidity emerged as adaptive in the typologies named rigidly balanced and flexibly oscillating; it was associated with positive dimensions of family functioning, i.e. flexibility, cohesion, parental monitoring, and high levels of family satisfaction. Differently, when rigidity was associated with disengagement, low cohesion and flexibility, and lack of parental supervision, emerged as maladaptive. This was the case of two typologies: the rigidly disengaged and the chaotically disengaged. Adolescents of these families reported the lowest levels of satisfaction. In the two last typologies, the flexibly chaotic and the cohesively disorganized, rigidity indicated a mid-range functionality as these families were characterized by emotional connectedness but lack of containment. Clinical implications are discussed.

A study on the relationship between family typology and perceived social support in spouses of patient after stroke events

Objective To study family typology of stroke survivors' spouse and its relationship with perceived social support and offer a basic reference for family intervention. Methods A total of 327 qualified spouses of stroke survivors were investigated in the Family Cohesion and Adaptability Questionnaire (FACESII-CV) and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) for their family typology proportion and relationship with PSSS. Results Compared with normal group, the ratios of extremity type family and middle family type were increased in this study: 23.9%(78/327)vs. 16.4%(20/122), 45.0%(147/327) vs. 29.5%(36/122), while the equilibrium family type were decreased:31.1% (102/327) vs. 54.1%(66/122), and there were significant differences (χ2=23.089, P 0.05). Family typology was the most important factor to PSSS (β=0.212, P 0.05). Conclusions Among the spouses of stroke survivors, the ratios of extremity and middle family type are increased but equilibrium family type are decreased. Family typology is the most important factor to PSSS of survivors' spouse. The PSSS of survivors' spouse in extremity type families is higher than that in middle and equilibrium type families. Intervention should be offered to the families, guiding the conversion of family typology from other types to extremity. Key words: Stroke; Family cohesion; Circumpolar model; Family typology; Perceived social support

Patterns of adaptation to children's food allergies.

Families with food allergy (FA) are at risk of reduced quality of life and elevated anxiety. A moderate level of anxiety may be beneficial to sustain vigilance for food avoidance; however, excessive anxiety may increase risk for burden and maladjustment. The current study presents a framework for understanding the patterns of adaptation to FA across families and to identify typologies of families that would benefit from intervention. Participants included 57 children, 6-12 years old with documented FA, and their mothers. Families were assessed using the Food Allergy Management and Adaptation Scale. Families also completed measures of quality of life, anxiety, FA management, and psychosocial impairment. A hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that 56 of the 57 families of food-allergic children were categorized into four groups that differed on their adequacy of family FA management, levels of anxiety, and balanced psychosocial functioning: balanced responders (n = 23; 41%), high responders (n = 25; 45%), and low responders (n = 3; 5%). The fourth group, anxious high responders (n = 5; 9%), was characterized by extremely high maternal FA anxiety scores and low scores for balanced integration of FA management and psychosocial functioning. Families in clusters differed across illness and psychosocial outcome variables. Families with FA were characterized by patterns of FA management, anxiety, and ability to integrate FA demands into daily life. Identified adaptation patterns correspond with clinical impressions and provide a framework for identifying families in need of intervention.

A typology of families with parental alcohol or drug abuse

Objectives To estimate the prevalence of parental alcohol abuse (PAA) or parental drug abuse (PDA), to compare families with PAA/PDA to non-PAA/PDA families, and to identify different types of families with PAA/PDA in terms of mental disorders in parents, family separation, financial difficulties and educational level. Methods Register-based data from a complete birth cohort of children born in 1991 in Finland (N = 62,751), and their biological parents. Data were derived from Finnish administrative registers from 1991 to 2009. Latent class analysis was used to construct typology of families with PAA/PDA. Results 10.5% of families were affected by PAA or PDA before the children’s 18th birthday. Of these families, five family types were identified. The most common type was characterised by father’s alcohol abuse but had no other detectable problems besides parental separation. The second type was a family where the father had a drinking or drug problem, had financial difficulties and had moved away from the family’s home. The two less common family types were characterised by the mother’s drinking or drug abuse and mental disorders. The mothers of these family types were rather commonly living with their children. In the fifth family type, child typically did not live with either of the parents, both parents had alcohol/drug abuse and accumulated problems. Conclusions Early prevention and treatment are needed to avoid the accumulation of parental problems in PAA/PDA families. As both biological parents rather rarely were substance abusers, the parental role of the non-substance abusing parent should be supported and strengthened.

PROBLEM FAMILY AS THE SUBJECT OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY: DIFFICULTS OF DEFINITION AND OPERATIONALIZATION

The phenomenon of the family as the subject of research in social psychology is presented in the article. Scientific publications about research of family socialization are analyzed. The attention is focused on the transformation of the family in terms of social instability. It is proved that in a social crisis of the family and parenthood in a state of transformation that takes place against the backdrop of unavailability families for independent and fully implement educational functions to the changes taking place. It is noted that fatherhood has sociocultural nature and is characterized by the prescribed system of culture and society standards and rules governing the distribution of functions between the parents care for children and their foster families, determining the content of roles, role model behavior. The tendency to weakening this institution and its functions in conditions of instability is shown. The article shows that the socialization function of the family as its basic function is the most defenseless in terms of social instability. The author asserts the view that the critical defenseless of socialization function is systemic socio-psychological characteristic, which can be the basis for qualification of the families as problem families. The system of empirical criteria which give the reasons to determine and to create the typology of problem families is proved. The scientific, socio-cultural and moral-ethical factors that hinder the definition and operationalization of the phenomenon of problem families and its empirical research are determined.

Young people with disabilities: the influence of leisure experiences on family dynamics

ABSTRACTThis article presents the results of a research project on the influence of leisure experiences on the family dynamics of young people with disabilities. Case studies have been performed within five different households, all of which included a teenager living with a disability, in order to understand the importance of leisure experiences in family dynamics. All these teenagers practise a physical activity without the presence of a parent and outside of their home. For the sake of this study, parents and children have taken part in semi-structured interviews. The results show how participation in such activities is associated with the process of family dynamics. A model of influence of leisure on family resilience and a typology of family emerged from the results. This paper supports the importance of sport participation for young people with disabilities.

Families of Youth Who Have Sexually Offended: Understanding Shared Experiences and Moving Towards a Typology

Theoretical frameworks like Family Systems and Ecological Theories that postulate youth development is shaped by interconnected and interdependent systems begets further inquiry into classifications of such systems. Developing family typologies of youth who commit sexual crimes may inform etiology, service approaches, and judicial responses. In collaboration with a state Sex Offender Management Board, this study analyzed the perspectives of treatment providers (N = 19) on families of youth who have committed sexual crimes. Using deductive coding strategies including hypothesis and elaborative coding; observer triangulation and inter-subjective agreement; constant comparison analyses; and other rigorous qualitative techniques, findings confirmed and expanded upon extant literature. Results revealed a spectrum of open and closed family systems and common experiences including distorted perceptions of sexuality, protection of the family system, and other contextual influences. Findings are integrated with the theoretical frameworks and recommendations are offered to improve practices and typological research.

Семейно-имущественная демография помещичьих крестьян России в середине хviii в.

The article provides an analysis of family and property demographics of the peasant household in the fortress
 village of Russia in the middle of the eighteenth century. The author that the development of the topic is not
 enough in the historical literature. The source base of this study was documents extracted mainly from the
 funds of the personal origin: orders and instructions of the landlords, reports and records of governing estates.
 The census records and homestead descriptions of villages are especially valuable as they provide the list of
 names of the inhabitants of the yard, their age, family relationships. The object of study was the large and
 medium landowners ‘ ownership of the Central provinces of Russia – Moscow, Suzdal and Rostov, where there
 was an early process of formation of local-patrimonial estates. Based on the system approach such tasks as the
 population of the yard, the composition, structure and typology of family, its human resources, system of marriage
 are examined. The article presents the demographic characteristics of the family with children, adolescents,
 healthy and elderly people. The age and sex ratio of male and female population of a peasant family are
 also studied. In the work there was discussed such question which is little-studied in Russian historiography as
 marital relations in land environment: the proportion of married couples, the age of those who enter into marriage,
 age difference between husband and wife. Special emphasis is given to the impact of the financial status
 of the yard to the marital status of the peasants. Negative aspects of the demographic policy of the landowners,
 which were directed on the increase, first, the solvency of the rural world, were clarified. The obtained results
 will be useful for developing an information base of research on Russian history and historical demography.

Typology of Families Living in Urban areas and Obesity: One Family does not Fit all.

Typology of Families Living in Urban areas and Obesity: One Family does not Fit all.

The Strengthening Families Programme in Spain: a long-term evaluation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to first assess the long-term effects of the adaptation of the American Strengthening Families Programme in Spain (known as the Programa de Competencia Familiar, translated into English as the Family Competence Programme (FCP)). The second aim is to identify family typologies and family changes regarding family competence over time. The paper’s initial hypothesis is that families have different behaviours and take advantage of the FCP in different ways. Design/methodology/approach – Monitored applications of the FCP were conducted using a quasi-experimental design consisting of a control group and pre-test, post-test and two-year follow-up assessments. The sample was made up of 136 families who took part in the programme and another 18 who participated in the control groups. Validated instruments were applied to assess the methodological processes and the family assessments. A cluster analysis was undertaken to identify different family typologies and their evolution in relation to the FCP goals. Findings – The FCP shows effective and consistent results over time for families in a variety of difficult situations, with important result maintenance. The longitudinal analysis (i.e. the two-year follow-up) demonstrates that the majority of changes identified (using the factors under consideration) maintained their relevance for most of the families, producing positive change. Originality/value – There is little long-term evaluation or longitudinal analysis of family prevention programmes that are evidence-based and include cognitive-emotional content. This paper analyses the long-term evaluation of family prevention programmes and identifies the ways in which families change over time.

A Typology of Dual-Earner Families using Work･Family･Leisure time ratio and the Differences in the Daily Emotional Experiences between Husbands and Wives

A Typology of Dual-Earner Families using Work･Family･Leisure time ratio and the Differences in the Daily Emotional Experiences between Husbands and Wives

Multiple families in changing societies in the Maghreb: The case of Morocco

Taking into account relevant old references such as the Arab Family and the challenge of change (Barakat, 1993; 1985), trying to discuss the basic characteristics of the Arab family not only as a central socioeconomic unit, but mainly as a microcosm of the demographic transformation of the society, as well as the first and intimate educational space for the creation of the self and the identity (Caputo, 2006), we move into the complex and delicate subject of the evolving contemporary families in the Maghreb. First of all, we try to analyze the difficult reformulation, within the families, of educational models and values. Nowadays, we are faced with new and multiple typologies of families in the Maghreb, shifting from the traditional models of the Arab and Islamic society to families quite far from such models. Within this context, we start from the meaningful work conducted for years by the Arab Families Working Group (AFWG, 2008; 2013), trying to understand the links between gender and family in the Ara...

Estructura y tipología familiar en pacientes con dependencia o abuso de sustancias psicoactivas en un centro de rehabilitación de adicciones en el Municipio de Chía, Cundinamarca

ObjectiveTo determine the family type, family structure in a group of patients with a diagnosis of substance abuse or dependence who were at a rehabilitation center for addiction during the period between August and October 2009. MethodsThrough a descriptive qualitative-interpretative methodology 10 patients who met inclusion criteria for substance dependence or abuse were studied. The fieldwork and transcripts were made for three months by non-participant observation, non-structured interviews and examination of patients’ clinical history. ResultsSeven of the families interviewed were single-parent families with an unconventional organization on “gender roles”. Single-parent families favored loneliness, difficulty in rule-setting, de-idealization of the place of the father in the family structure and a constant search for complicity. In the analysis by categories, we found that in 10 families in the study of individuals with addictions it is common to find family structure characteristics such as inadequate communication, lack of authority rules and limits, presence of triangulations, the lack of cohesion due to the existence of a disconnected relationship pattern and changed roles compared to conventional gender. The search for the affection of the mother at her emotional overload absence of roles and lack of father, raised by the separation of the couple, was found as an essential aspect underlying the addictive behavior. A pattern of parental abandonment is configured. ConclusionThe findings confirmed what has been mentioned by various authors regarding the characteristics of the family typology structure and personal factors in patients with addictions, in addition to their need for affection combined with the desire for the mother's presence. The family typology does not determine for itself the abuse of psychoactive substances, but the influence of other factors such as family structure, especially deficient affective interactions, which should be considered in the development of therapeutic strategies.

Family Typology and Appraisal of Preschoolers' Behavior by Female Caregivers.

Children with vulnerable caregivers may be at risk for being labeled as having behavior problems when typical behaviors are viewed by their caregivers as problematic, and therefore, research examining the accuracy of the caregivers' perceptions of children's behaviors is needed. The purpose of this study was to use the resiliency model of family stress, adjustment, and adaptation as the theoretical foundation to explore family factors associated with the primary female caregiver's appraisal of her child's behavior, the extent to which the primary female caregiver's appraisal of her child's behavior may be distorted, and the child's level of risk of having a behavioral problem. A cross-sectional, correlational design was used. Data were collected from female caregivers of preschoolers (N = 117). Family factors, demographic characteristics, comfort in parenting, appraisal of behaviors, daily stress, parenting stress, depressive symptoms, social support, ratings of children's behaviors, and distortion in the ratings were measured. Associations were studied using ANOVA, ANCOVA, and chi-squared tests. Family typology was not associated with the female caregiver's appraisals of her child's behavior (p = .31). Distortion of the caregiver's rating of her child's behavior was not associated with family hardiness (high or low; p = .20.) but was associated with having a child with an elevated risk for behavioral problems (p < .01). Families classified as vulnerable were significantly more likely to have a child with elevated risks of having behavioral problems than families classified as secure or regenerative. Findings emphasized the association between family factors (hardiness and coherence) and young children's behaviors. Additional research is needed into how these factors affect the young child's behavior and what causes a caregiver to have a distorted view of her child's behavior.

Adolescent Science Students’ Perception of Acquisition of Environmental Health Skills through School Health Programme in Nigeria

The study was on science students’ perception of acquisition of environmental health (sanitation) skills among adolescents in Imo State through the school health programme. Six research questions and five hypotheses guided the study. The descriptive research design was used for the study. Using the multi- stage sampling technique, 565 science students were sampled for the study. The study revealed that all the items presented in the study were perceived to be very important environmental sanitation skills by students. These covered water pollution, disposal of human waste, food handing, and environmental cleanliness. Gender, educational qualification of parents, and person responsible for family health were significant on the acquisition of environmental sanitation skills while family typology and status of single parenthood had no influence on acquisition of health skills. The perception of students whose parents hold PhD was significantly higher than those with ordinary National Diploma (OND), Nigeria Certificate in Education (NCE) and First School Leaving Certificate (FSLC). The perception of those whose father cares most was significantly higher than those whose mother does not care or cares a little. In view of the results of the study, it was recommended that the Ministry of Education should develop procedures for inculcating these skills in adolescents as a way of life and as a school requirement for graduation. Parental responsibility in health care is fundamental in acquisition of health skills. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2015.v5n1p193

Students’ Perception of Acquisition of Personal Health Skills among Adolescent in Imo State through the School Health Programme

The purpose of the study was to identify students’ perception of acquisition of personal health skills among adolescents in Imo State through the school health programme. Six research questions and five hypotheses guided the study. The descriptive research design was adopted for the study which utilized 360 students in secondary schools in Imo State as the sample frame through multi stage sampling procedure. A questionnaire was the main instrument for the study. The mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA and Duncan Multiple range test were used for data analysis. The result of the study revealed that the students perceived all the health skills as very important; these encompass health practices for body hygiene, clothing and physical exercise (x̄ = 2.50). Gender, educational qualification of parents and person responsible for health care were significant on the acquisition of personal health skills. Family typology and type of single parenthood were not significant on acquisition of skills for personal health. It was recommended that personal health skills should be taught as component of life- long education. Male students should be taught to realize that personal health skills are for optimal health and not for beauty. Parents should be made to realize through the Ministries of Education and Health that their educational qualification and their responsibility in family health care significantly influence the acquisition of personal health skills of adolescents. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2014.v3n7p153

MODEL PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA NELAYAN BERWAWASAN AGRIBISNIS DI KOTA BENGKULU

Globalization era characterized by increasingly open and integrated commodity markets both between countries and between regions including fishery commodities. This imply that an increasing of product quality through empowering fishing resource is a significant step to be able to enter an era of competition. This study aims to identify the performance of the fisherman resources, a partnership between fishermen and fish entrepreneurs, and formulate alternative development model of fisherman resource with agribusiness minded. The research method is based on the survey method (primary and secondary data). Descriptive methods, descriptive statistics, and methods of the Logical Framework Analysis (LFA) are used to analyse data. The results showed that the fishermen, in general, are in the productive age with the typology of the nuclear family; more than half of the fishermen have junior secondary education level; fishing experience is categorized long enough that 18.26 years; fishermen have the motivation to keep working as a fisherman and a hierarchy of compassion (safety needs) by 60%; technical and managerial skills possessed by fishermen in general is quite good but the managerial aspects of fishing is still not good. Furthermore, most fishermen have high accessibility to the means of fishing, but only a few fishermen who use capital loans of non-formal institutions, mostly fishermen actively looking for information about fishing technology, relationship between the fishermen and fish processors/collectors is a patron client pattern, the market formed in the study area is oligopsonistic market, and net income of fishermen can be categorized enough. There are two alternative models of fisherman resources development with agribusiness minded: training model with a training for impact approach, and education model.Key words: agribusiness, development model, fisherman resources

Conjoint Family Drawing: A Technique for Family Clinical Assessment

Born in 1970 by Bing, Conjoint Family Drawing is very useful in research as well as in clinical settings because it allows to assess the family as a whole. Unfortunately, a lack of studies and researches identifying a clear grid or unambiguous criteria for its interpretation is to be acknowledged. How can data from the Conjoint Family Drawing be used in a standardized and structured fashion? Which of t he elements and aspects in the drawings need to be considered to assess families? This paper aims to identify a group of categorical variables that will serve for an objective interpretation of drawings as well as to verify the instrument's discriminant capacity. In particular, the criteria and variables found in literature on t he use of drawings and other family assessment instrument s were explored and t heir suitability for the explanation of Conjoint Family Drawings (CFD) was tested out. A coding grid of 18 categorical variables (10 concern various element s in the drawing and the remaining 8 concern the drawing making process) was developed and applied on a sample of 117 CFDs from clinical and non-clinical families. The variables consider emotional, interactive and relational aspect s. A two –step cluster analysis was carried out to define discriminant variables and 6 different family typologies were identified.

An empirical typology of private child and family serving agencies

Differences in how services are organized and delivered can contribute significantly to variation in outcomes experienced by children and families. However, few comparative studies identify the strengths and limitations of alternative delivery system configurations. The current study provides the first empirical typology of private agencies involved with the formal child welfare system. Data collected in 2011 from a national sample of private agencies were used to classify agencies into five distinct groups based on internal management capacity, service diversification, integration, and policy advocacy. Findings reveal considerable heterogeneity in the population of private child and family serving agencies. Cross-group comparisons suggest that differences in agencies' strategic and structural characteristics correlated with agency directors' perceptions of different pressures in their external environment. Future research can use this typology to better understand local service systems and the extent to which different agency strategies affect performance and other outcomes. Such information has implications for public agency contracting decisions and could inform system-level assessment and planning of services for children and families.

Family Structure and Subjective Economic Well-Being: Some New Evidence

The paper investigates the main socio-demographic and economic determinants of subjective economic well-being in different typologies of households. Previous studies have used dummy variables to explore the effect of family structure. In this paper, however four different models—one for each family typology—have been estimated to test if each selected explanatory variable is significant and how it acts in determining the level of subjective economic well-being. To achieve this, we apply an under-used logit model—the partial proportional ordered model. Our analysis, based on data from the 2005 Italian Survey on Income and Living Conditions highlights the main variables affecting the subjective economic well-being of all household typologies. These main variables are related to income adequacy, such as being able to afford housing, clothes and holidays, and also include the work-status and level of education of the respondent. These variables produce notable differences in the level of subjective economic well-being. We find that couples with no children have the highest level of perceived economic well-being, while couples with two or more children and even more so one-person households are more economically insecure.