Typological Research Research Articles

The evolutionary dynamics of grammatical gender in Torricelli languages

Abstract Grammatical gender in New Guinea is an often neglected area in typological research, even though it is extremely diverse. For example, in New Guinea, some languages have grammatical gender systems with two sex-based categories, more than four gender-indexing targets, and no gender marking on nouns, while some languages have grammatical gender systems with much more categories, which are only marginally sex-based. This paper infers the processes of development and change of grammatical gender in Torricelli languages from two perspectives. First, it synthesizes the available data in the existing literature and hypothesizes the evolutionary pathway of gender systems in Torricelli languages. Nineteen Torricelli languages are selected as a representative coverage of the 55 Torricelli languages listed in Glottolog within the limits of the available documentation. These languages are then coded based on 6 presence-absence features relating to gender marking on verbs, adjectives, nouns, numerals, pronouns, and demonstratives. Second, it conducts an analysis with phylogenetic comparative methods to provide a quantitative assessment of the evolutionary possibilities for gender systems in Torricelli languages. The preliminary results show that gender is likely marked at the root of Torricelli languages, with pronouns and verbs being at the core of the system. This is in agreement with trends reflecting the evolution of gender systems in languages across the world.

Default in Payment in Land Sales That Have Been Registered at the Land Office (A Study of Court Decision Number 15/Pdt/2022/PT.Bdg.)

This research discusses default in the payment of land purchase using a home ownership credit as a basis for canceling a sale that has been registered at the land office, based on the Court Decision Number 15/Pdt/2020/PT.Bdg. In this case, the bank disbursed the credit according to the credit agreement between the buyer and the bank, which should have been paid to the seller by the buyer. However, since the money was not paid despite the transfer of rights being registered at the Land Office, the seller suffered a loss due to the buyer's default. This default can create new legal problems if not promptly resolved through the court. The research method used is doctrinal legal research, based on legal doctrines and applicable laws and regulations. The research typology used is descriptive-analytical. This method describes the applicable laws and regulations and relates them to legal theories and the practice of positive law relevant to the issue. This research focuses on whether a default can annul a land sale that has been registered with the land office and the differences between default and unlawful acts in canceling an engagement based on applicable regulations. The result of this research is that the transfer of land can be annulled by proving that a default has indeed occurred through a judge's decision in accordance with Article 1266 of the Civil Code.

The position of the PPAT Deed in its function as a means of evidence and its registration contains juridical defects

Sale and purchase is an agreement that is made by an authentic deed made by a Land Deed Official (PPAT) which has perfect evidentiary power As an authentic deed, a PPAT deed must fulfil the procedures for making a PPAT deed as prescribed by law and other regulations. Making a PPAT deed must be made by an authorised official, namely a PPAT, because a PPAT deed made before a PPAT has a function as evidence and also as a condition for registration by a PPAT. The purpose of the research is to find out how the position of a PPAT deed made before a PPAT has evidentiary power as evidence for the parties and becomes a condition of registration of the deed if it contains juridical defects. The author conducts research with normative juridical research methods, descriptive analytical research typology, and qualitative data analysis techniques. Based on the results of the research, it is concluded that the PPAT deed has two functions, namely as evidence of certain legal acts regarding land rights and as a registration tool for changes in land registration data. When there is a transfer of land rights, the function of the PPAT deed as a registration tool is completed and leaves the PPAT deed as evidence of legal acts. The function of the PPAT deed is that it must be a requirement so that the transfer of land rights can be registered at the land office in accordance with the regulations regarding land registration and the implications of the juridical defects of the PPAT deed in the Decision result in the legal actions carried out, namely the sale and purchase, having no legal effect, the Sale and Purchase Deed is considered never to have been born even though it has been registered before, it has implications for the land office which requires to restore land rights. because it was previously registered by the land office to return to what it was before the Sale and Purchase Deed was born.

More Than a Photograph: An Analysis of the Photographs of the Interdisciplinary Creative Research Center “Pracownia” Using the Six-Moves Typology in Arts-Based Research

In this article I analyze the actions of the Interdisciplinary Creative Research Center “Pracownia” using the author’s art-based research typology of six moves: downward (two types), upward, inward, along, and across. The paper considers culture animation/community arts to be practices of researching oneself and the world through art. I explain this via the example of “Pracownia” and select one photo of their actions from the years 1978–1981 in order to present every point of the typology. The research aims to fill in the gaps in the history of Polish community arts/culture animation, whilst providing analytical tools for social scientists and practical guidelines for culture animators/community artists.

КЫРГЫЗ СҮРӨТ ИСКУССТВОСУНУН УЛУТТУК ЖАНА БӨТӨН УЛУТТУК ПРОБЛЕМАЛАРЫ

The purpose of the research in the article is to determine the ethnonational and international problems of modern Kyrgyz art. The economic and socio-political reforms of the late 20th and early 21st centuries had a particular impact on the transformation of Kyrgyz fine art. The methodology of art differs from the methodology of science in that the artist does not always pursue the same goal as the scientist. Art is not a search for truth, but the creation of the most effective form that can convey thoughts, feelings and images to the viewer. For this purpose, the article uses a comparative typological research method. Sometimes in conceptual art the entrepreneurial process is the only part of the work on display, with no visible results. The article interprets new terminological designations of contemporary art (performance, installation, environment, ready-made, science art). The main content of the article analyzes how Eastern and Western cultures influenced Kyrgyz art and examines the criteria of art. As a result, ethnonational and foreign problems of art were introduced experimentally into practical processes, nevertheless, the originality of Kyrgyz artists was preserved and reflected in their work.

Labeling by type

Abstract The primary goal of this article is to take advantage of some recent theoretical innovations in syntactic theorizing to propose a novel characterization of some of the basic word-order types isolated by typological research. In the minimalist framework, a necessary condition for a derivation to converge is that the structure it generates should be appropriately labeled. This requirement in particular holds for the major syntactic structures displayed by the various linguistic types. It will be argued that labeling theory, combined with phase theory and the variable syntax of inflectional and discourse features, offers contrasting characterizations of these structures and, as such, provides a window on how exactly SVO, V1 and V2 grammatical systems differ: they differ precisely in the strategy that each type selects in order for neutral declarative root clauses to satisfy the labeling requirement. It will also be shown that the topic and focus structures involving phrasal movement to the periphery, although different parametric choices are made by the various grammatical systems considered here, basically conform to the same requirement.

The effect of Philosophy for Children (P4C) activities on the development of moral perception and social rules of preschool children

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of P4C implementations on children's perceptions of moral and social rules. The study was carried out with a total of 48 children aged five years old, 23 of them in the experimental group and 25 of them in the control group, attending a public school in the 2023–2024 academic years. A quasi-experimental design was used in the research, and the fully mixed sequential equal status design, one of the mixed research typologies, was applied. The Preschool Children's Conceptions of Moral and Social Rules Scale was applied in the quantitative dimension of the research, and observation, interviews, and anecdotal records constituted the qualitative data collection dimension. Briefly, after the implementation process, the experimental group's perception of moral and social norms improved. In the current study, a substantial difference between the children's moral rule and social rule perceptions after the P4C sessions was discovered when the experimental group's moral rule and social rule perception scale scores were analyzed before and after the implementation. A noticeable improvement in cognitive and social-emotional development was seen. It was determined that positive behaviors improved, particularly in moral situations requiring tolerance, in the experimental group. The study came to the conclusion that teaching children philosophy helps them enhance their critical thinking skills.

Navigating organizational change: sequential vs simultaneous approaches to innovation management in modern enterprises

Purpose This study aims to explore the relationship between innovation and strategic management in contemporary enterprises, emphasizing the navigation of organizational change for sustainable competitive advantage. This study addresses the challenge of adapting to dynamic environments and the critical role of leadership, organizational culture and collaboration in successful innovation management. Design/methodology/approach The authors used the typology research design and comparative analysis to explore the principles and strategies underlying different innovation approaches. This study examines their impact on organizational structures, resource allocation and the integration of technological advancements with managerial practices. Findings The authors developed a typology of two innovation management models. The sequential approach emphasizes phased and incremental innovation, while the simultaneous approach advocates for dynamic and comprehensive integration of innovation across the organization. Each model presents distinct advantages and challenges, underscoring the need for a tailored approach based on the enterprise’s context and objectives. Mature companies may benefit from the sequential approach to gradually evolve their innovation, while new and high-tech-intensive companies can leverage the simultaneous approach for dynamic and continuous innovation. Research limitations/implications Future research should examine local bodies and trade unions’ perception on the energy crisis’ impact toward rural entrepreneurship. Practical implications The findings are useful to Greek and European policymakers and rural micro-entrepreneurs as the experience of dealing with several previous crises can be a useful tool when dealing with current and future crises. Originality/value This study enhances understanding of the complex interplay between organizational innovation and strategy. The authors recommend further exploration of emerging technologies, cultural values, collaboration, sustainable practices and changing customer behavior to boost innovation capabilities and achieve success.

PERTANGGUNG JAWABAN PIDANA SEBAGAI DAMPAK PENUNTUTAN TERHADAP KORPORASI AKIBAT PAILIT

In practice, it is very difficult to determine whether there is or is not a fault in a corporation. It turns out that in developments, especially regarding corporate criminal liability, it is known that there is a new view or let's say a slightly different view, that specifically the responsibility of legal entities, the principle of fault does not absolutely apply, so that criminal liability is refers to the doctrine of strict liability (absolute responsibility) and vicarious liability (responsibility imposed on another person) which in principle is a deviation from the principle of fault. This research was created and compiled using a narrative descriptive research method. This research typology is descriptive-narrative, emphasizing the use of secondary data obtained through literature study. In Article 59 of the Criminal Code, corporate criminal liability is borne by its management. Therefore, the subject of corporate criminal law is attached to the actions of the management themselves. The meaning of the claim in this case must be interpreted as a civil prosecution because the corporation loses the right to manage its assets which are entered into bankruptcy. Apart from that, if all of the corporation's assets are entered into bankruptcy, this will have an impact on the liquidation process. As stated in Article 71 POJK Number 28/POJK.05/2014, as well as Article 142 UUPT, it is possible for the liquidation process or the cause of liquidation to occur because of the bankruptcy decision.

유형론적 관점에서 본 한국어 조사의 단어성

The purpose of this paper is to measure the wordhood of Korean Josa based on the typological research established in Choi(2021, 2022). As noted, there have been some views that consider Korean Josa as ‘syntactic affixes’ or ‘clitics’. What they have in common is that Korean Josa have phonological dependencies, but syntactically function as words. In this paper, I examined 44 Korean Josa on a 5-point scale according to the criteria for distinguishing between affixes and words proposed by Choi(2022), and found that the average score was 3.78, indicating a high degree of wordhood. The highest score is 4.18 and the lowest score is 3.45, so it is very important to note that none of them appears to be closer to affixes than words. Focusing on each Josa, using the school grammar system's classification of Josa, I could see that the average score is higher for ‘case marking’ than for ‘conjunctive’ or ‘adding special meaning’, but the difference is very small and negligible. In terms of criteria, I categorized them into semantic, syntactic, morphological, and phonological ones, and the scores decreased in this order. Only in the phonological criteria, affixhood scores are higher than wordhood score, which are due to the dependent nature of Korean Josa. The above results are sufficient to empirically prove that Korean Josa can be considered as words in a typological perspective.

Quantitative Analysis Method of the Organizational Characteristics and Typical Types of Landscape Spatial Sequences Applied with a 3D Point Cloud Model

(1) Background: Sequential landscape changes give people experiences of dynamic beauty, and the key to creating spatial sequences lies in the organization of spatial changes. The purpose of this study is to use a 3D point cloud model to achieve a refined description of spatial sequences’ organizational characteristics from information acquisition to description and explore the quantitative interpretation methods of typical sequence organizational characteristics. (2) Methods: The proposed model contains three main steps: data acquisition and extraction, characteristic index system construction and data processing, and quantitative characterization analysis. A typology research method that combines quantitative induction with qualitative statistical verification is proposed. (3) Results: Seventy-two spatial sequence point cloud models of study cases are obtained; 4 indicators are established; 3 typical organization types are summarized, namely fluctuating, reversal and moderate type; and the characterization factors and threshold intervals for each sequence organization type are analyzed to validate the type classification result. (4) Conclusions: This research improves the accuracy of spatial data, the comprehensiveness of sequence organization characterization factors, and the reliability of classification results. It supplements the existing spatial sequence theoretical knowledge system and provides parameters that can be referred to in practical design.

Supervision of Non-Profit Organizations (NPO) On Potential Criminal Acts of Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing

The biggest challenge for NPOs is how the purpose of the NPO, to serve the community, can be run by legal corridors and not be used as a medium for money laundering for criminals or terrorism funding. Supervision of NPOs has a very important purpose in the context of preventing terrorism financing and also in the context of preventing money laundering. Therefore, the identification of donor recipients or beneficiaries for NPOs needs to be analyzed by looking at the existing regulatory framework, and whether the regulatory framework can effectively prevent money laundering and terrorism financing. This paper aims to discuss the supervision mechanism of NPOs in mitigating money laundering and terrorism financing, as well as the liability of NPOs if used as a medium for Money Laundering or Terrorist Financing. The research in this paper is Normative Research with Explanatory Descriptive Research Typology. The data analysis technique that the author uses is data analysis with a qualitative approach. Based on the research conducted by the author, it can be concluded that to prevent NPO funding from being misused for money laundering or terrorist financing, by way of supervision of the transaction flow of Mass Organizations as customers by the financial service provider through the identification and verification of donors and recipients or beneficial owner of NPO, and by the risk-based supervision of NPOs conducted by the Ministry that has authority to allow the establishment of NPOs through educating, monitoring and evaluation.

Spanish–English bilinguals’ use of demonstratives esta and esa

Abstract The limited research on bilinguals’ demonstratives suggests that bilingualism may result in a reduced number of demonstrative forms in bilinguals’ linguistic systems as well as a shift in the factors that constrain demonstrative usage. The current study investigates Spanish nominal demonstrative use among Spanish-speaking monolingual adults in Mexico and two groups of Spanish–English bilingual adults in New Mexico: Adult Arrivals, who were born and raised in a Spanish-speaking country, and U.S. Raised bilinguals, who were born in the U.S. or arrived by age seven. Proximal demonstratives este/esta ‘this’ and medial demonstratives ese/esa ‘that’ were elicited using a puzzle task. All groups varied between este/esta and ese/esa. The monolinguals were likelier than the bilinguals to produce ese/esa when referring to referents farther from themselves and closer to the addressee. Whereas the monolinguals and Adult Arrivals tended to produce este/esta rather than ese/esa when the experimenter selected the incorrect referent, thereby creating a misunderstanding, the U.S. Raised bilinguals showed the opposite trend. The findings are interpreted in the context of typological research indicating that distance between the addressee and the referent impacts demonstrative usage in Spanish but not English. It is hypothesized that increased exposure to English may correspond to reduced attention to the addressee when choosing which demonstrative to use.

Seasonality in Tourism and Hospitality: A Review and Typology for Future Research

Although seasonality is an old tourism phenomenon, the advent of global hypermobilities and the changing features of the tourism industry requires a considerable revisit to the longstanding assumption of tourism. This study provokes further research on various seasonality aspects implicated in the discussion based on the broad range of the literature review and the subsequent findings. The article explores the current seasonality research in tourism and hospitality and proposes a typology and literature-based agenda for future scholarly investigations. Results provide an overview of seasonality research in tourism and hospitality by examining key themes in theory, methodology, research topics, and geographical features. We underscore the importance of theoretical and conceptual development and a comprehensive approach to seasonality research in tourism and hospitality.

Causative Verbs In English And Karakalpak Languages

The article deals with the typological research on causative category in English and Karakalpak languages and represents causative semantics of both languages. Comparative analysis is done using the examples that were taken from literary text. Moreover, causative expression is distinguished by the fact that each language has its own means of expression, syntactic structures, lexical and grammatical forms

THE ROLE OF NOTARIES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LEASE PURCHASE SYSTEM AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO BUILDING OWNERSHIP IN PUBLIC HOUSING SAVINGS (TAPERA)

<table width="574" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="366"><p><em>Notaries have an active role in implementing a new system, namely lease purchase system as an alternative to transferring a new land ownership rights based on the Public Housing Savings Management Agency Regulation Number 2 of 2023 concerning the Second Amendment to the Public Housing Savings Management Agency Regulation Number 6 of 2021 concerning Housing Financing for Public Housing Savings Participants (Peraturan Badan Pengelola Tabungan Perumahan Rakyat Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Peraturan Badan Pengelola Tabungan Rakyat Nomor 6 Tahun 2021 tentang Pembiayaan Perumahan Bagi Peserta Tabungan Perumahan Rakyat). This is because to be able to apply the lease purchase system in a transfer of land ownership rights, an agreement is needed which for legal certainty to be made into a deed for the parties. Departing from the above, the problem raised in this research is how to implement the lease purchase system as an alternative to financing home ownership and the role of the Notary in making a lease purchase agreement deed which is used as an alternative to transfer land ownership rights. To be able to answer these problems, a normative juridical research method with an explanatory research typology is used. The conclusion that can be drawn from this research is that notaries play an important role in implementing the hire purchase system which has just been issued by BP Tapera as an alternative to transferring land and building ownership rights. So that in order to provide legal certainty, the lease purchase agreement needs to be made in an authentic deed made by a Notary.</em></p></td></tr></tbody></table>

Adverbial causal clauses as relative clauses

This paper investigates to what extent adverbial causal clauses and relative clauses can be reduced as one and the same phenomenon. Whereas causal clauses have always posed a challenge for a unified account of relativization and adverbial subordination in theoretical studies, typological research has long demonstrated that causal clauses are diachronically connected to relative clauses as well as to adverbial subordinates that have been theoretically analysed as relative clauses. We argue that at least some causal clauses are underlyingly relative clauses over situations (see Arsenijević 2021). Our claim is supported by the diachronic development of the Italian subordinator siccome ‘because/since’, an univerbated form morphologically composed of two items, the comparative-similative wh-pronoun come ‘how’ and the demonstrative adverbial pronoun sì ‘so’. We demonstrate that the causal subordinator is derived from the comparative-similative one via a three-stage diachronic change which is formally captured in terms of type of movement and null elements (Kayne 2005, Cinque 2020b). In so doing, our paper extends a relative clause analysis to causal clauses and adds a novel path to the diachronic development of causal clauses.

Privacy Issues in Electronic Medical Records: A Systematic Review

Background: Recently, there has been a great development in healthcare services, and in the future, it is expected to evolve even more. The incorporation of the latest technologies, such as modern sensors, networks and cloud computing, has revolutionized the traditional healthcare system, one of the most important of these Updates electronic medical records that are a substitute for paper records. Objectives: This paper presents a systematic study of the recent literature on privacy issues faced by electronic medical records (EMR), through which we provide a comprehensive review, analysis and synthesis of research published in the past five years. Methodology: We collected relevant literature published between 2016 and 2021 and reviewed the approved issues, research problems, manuscript scopes, research methodologies, and main findings. 29 studies yielded our final extracted cohort. Conclusions: Using the objective analysis of the extracted cohort, we present a research typology that summarizes the major EMR privacy issues of relevant recent research in this field.

The Impact of Patient Engagement on Healthcare: A Systematic Review of Unveiling the Benefits of Patient Engagement in Healthcare

Background: Recently, a body of evidence has emerged that patients who participate in the healthcare process have better health outcomes and lower treatment costs. Therefore, healthcare institutions have tended to use strategies for better patient engagement in the healthcare process, by educating them about their health conditions and fully involving the patient in making decisions about their healthcare. Objectives: This paper presents a systematic study of the recent literature on determining the outcomes and benefits of patient engagement in the healthcare process, through which we provide a comprehensive review, analysis, and synthesis of research published in the past five years. Methodology: We collected relevant literature published between 2018 and 2023 and reviewed the approved issues, research problems, manuscript scopes, research methodologies, and main findings. 28 studies yielded our final extracted cohort. Conclusions: Using the objective analysis of the extracted studies, we present a research typology that summarizes the major outcomes and the benefits of patient engagement in the healthcare process of relevant recent research in this field.

Ideological literary policy of Stalin and Khrushchev

The subject of this study is the changes in ideological literary policy by I.V. Stalin to N.S. Khrushchev. The article examines the features of Stalin’s literary ideological policy (concept of socialist realism). This concept, developed in the light of the ideological and political guidelines of the Stalinist leadership and supervision, writers, poets, and critics lost their creative freedom. This was the reason for the formation of the theory of conflict-free behavior in the literature. The author notes that by the early 1950s a new path opened for creating examples of literary creativity, since the new political leader rethought the concept of socialist realism and eliminated Stalin’s cult of personality. When studying problems related to the analysis of the ideology and political orientations of outstanding statesmen of the USSR, comparative historical and typological research methods were used in the work. To formulate the conclusions of the study, the author used methods such as comparative and descriptive. As a result of the research, the evolution in the ideological and political views of the state leadership on the course of the literary process in the country was revealed, it was concluded that the period of Khrushchev’s reign can rightfully be called the time of the onset of the cultural “thaw” in the details of the writers, poets, and critics. However, factors that seem obvious at first glance, introducing a certain degree of freedom into the creative process, are still accompanied by the inevitable tightening of policies and political supervision over the content of literary works. The author concluded that the cultural “thaw” that clearly emerged in the country during the reign of Khrushchev turned out to be an incomplete reform, since the content of creativity was still supposed to revolve around the ideas and orientations of the party’s activities.