Typical Water System Research Articles

Tyrosinase-based nanobiosensor for environmental monitoring of hormones in river water

This study explores the application of a tyrosinase cantilever nanobiosensor for detecting 17β-estradiol and estrone in typical water systems. The physical-chemical parameters of water were evaluated within the Tigre River micro-basin in Erechim, RS, to determine water potability for urban populations. Water clarity, conductivity, and pH levels were essential markers, adhering to recognized standards for water quality and human consumption. The cantilever nanobiosensor demonstrated strong sensitivity and a broad linear range, with a limit of detection (<0.00051 ppb) surpassing other enzymatic biosensors and covering a range of 0.0001–100 ppb.The real water sample quality investigated in relation to contamination with 17β-estradiol and estrone by nanobiosensor showed values below the LOD for both compounds. Recovery studies demonstrated the reliability of the nanobiosensor. Selectivity tests indicated minimal interference from structurally similar substances. This study validates the nanobiosensor's potential for environmental monitoring and hormone detection, aligning with standard practices.

Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Risk Assessment of Antibiotic in the Aquatic Environment in China Nationwide, A Review

Antibiotics have been an emerging concern due to the potential adverse threat on the environment and human health. Studies on the presence and fate of antibiotics in Chinese aqueous environments have increased in the past few years. Nevertheless, the distribution of antibiotics contributing to the development and dissemination of antibiotic resistance in China nationwide remains unclear. This review summarizes the temporal and spatial distribution of antibiotics in different aqueous environmental systems across the China in the last decade. In all, 79 antibiotics with the concentration range of 0.04 ng/L~6.54 μg/L have been detected in the aquatic environment in China. The Bohai Sea had the highest annual average concentration of total antibiotics ranging from 5.66 to 1552.59 ng/L. The peak of antibiotics in four typical water systems occurred in different years. Antibiotics in the surface water of Northern China accounted for 47.0% of the total annual average concentrations in four regions. Sulfonamides, tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones were the dominant compounds both for seawater and surface water. In contrast, β-lactams, sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones were the most abundant for the wastewater treatment plants. That indicated that β-lactams were from human medicine and tetracyclines were from veterinary antibiotics. The risk assessment demonstrated ofloxacin, norfloxacin and enrofloxacin had posed the higher risk than other antibiotics. The review provides an improved understanding on aquatic antibiotics pollution to outline the Chinese scenario and addresses the prospects for future research relating to the issues requiring urgent attention.

Characterization of Microcystis (Cyanobacteria) Genotypes Based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer Region of rRNA by Next-Generation Sequencing.

Microcystis is one of the most common and dominant bloom-forming cyanobacteria in freshwater worldwide. The method for genotype detection based on traditional molecular cloning is expensive and time consuming and generates a limited number of sequences. In this study, a high-throughput sequencing (HTS) method was developed to detect the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions between 16S and 23S rRNA region of Microcystis populations along a typical water system in Yuqiao Reservoir–Haihe River in Tianjin, northern China. A total of 629,341 reads were obtained and clustered into 2005 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Analysis of alpha diversity indices showed that the Haihe River is more diverse than Yuqiao Reservoir. In general, the two water areas exhibit a clear differentiation pattern in OTU abundance, sharing genotypes from a small part of Yuqiao Reservoir with those in the Haihe River. Phylogenetic analysis further indicated the possible flexible evolution of Microcystis genotypes occurring in the research areas. This study provides the first exhaustive description of HTS method for detection of ITS region to evaluate Microcystis intra-species diversity and relationship.

Multi-scale water network optimization considering simultaneous intra- and inter-plant integration in steel industry

Chinese steel industry faces increasing pressure to reduce water consumption and wastewater impact. To perform the optimization of steel production process from the perspective of water use, this work describes a new superstructure-based water network optimization model using typical steel park as our study use. The water systems at different scales (e.g. unit-scale, plant-scale and park-scale) in the water network and their interactions are modeled for optimization. To construct the optimization model: 1) All types of unit-scale typical water systems in the park are identified, and short-cut unit models are developed as the basic elements for network superstructure; 2) Intra- and inter-plant superstructures are further established to describe potential configurations of the water network at plant-scale and park-scale respectively; 3) Built up on the element models and superstructures, a Mixed Integer Non-Linear Programming model using total annual cost as objective is set up to investigate potentials for water network optimization in a steel park. To illustrate its applicability and effectiveness, an industrial case study is carried out, in which two schemes are illustrated, one scheme (termed as scheme A) considering only indirect integration between plants, the other (termed as scheme B) considering both direct and indirect integration strategy (mixed integration). In scheme A, due to the higher water efficiency and optimal configuration in the case study, the freshwater consumption and total annual cost are reduced by 22% and 21% respectively. Scheme B shows 23% savings in total annual cost, while the reduction of freshwater consumption keeps unchanged. Besides, the information about the integration strategies of all scales (e.g. unit-, plant- and park-scale) can all be obtained, which is valuable for decision-making.

The distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in typical water system of North China

The temporal and spatial distribution of PAHs in surface-water from the typical rivers of North China was investigated. PAHs in typical rivers ranged from n.d. to 1.98 ng/L. LMW PAHs (2 and 3-ring) were abundant in surface water with high detection frequencies in Beisanhe River, while HMW PAHs (4 and 6-ring) were abundant in Luanhe River. Specific PAHs with its ratios were measured in order to deduce the possible sources of PAHs contaminant. The results indicate that the PAHs were from combustion processes in Beisanhe River, while PAHs were from petroleum products in Luanhe River.

Calcite and Barite Solubility Measurements in Mixed Electrolyte Solutions and Development of a Comprehensive Model for Water-Mineral-Gas Equilibrium of the Na-K-Mg-Ca-Ba-Sr-Cl-SO4-CO3-HCO3-CO2(aq)-H2O System up to 250 °C and 1500 bar

Calcite and barite are two of the most common scale minerals that occur in various geochemical and industrial processes. Their solubility predictions at extreme conditions (e.g., up to 250 °C and 1500 bar) in the presence of mixed electrolytes are hindered by the lack of experimental data and thermodynamic model. In this study, calcite solubility in the presence of high Na2SO4 (i.e., 0.0407 m Na2SO4) and barite solubility in a synthetic brine at up to 250 °C and 1500 bar were measured using our high-temperature high-pressure geothermal apparatus. Using this set of experimental data and other thermodynamic data from a thorough literature review, a comprehensive thermodynamic model was developed based on the Pitzer theory. In order to generate a set of Pitzer theory virial coefficients with reliable temperature and pressure dependencies which are applicable to a typical water system (i.e., Na-K-Mg-Ca-Ba-Sr-Cl-SO4-CO3-HCO3-CO2-H2O) that may occur in geochemical and industrial processes, we simultaneously fit...

Adsorption of Antimony on Sediments from Typical Water Systems in China: A Comparison of Sb(III) and Sb(V) Pattern

The present work investigated the adsorption of Sb(III) and Sb(V) on five sediment samples (Pearl River, Yangtze River, Yellow River, Yongding River, and Liao River) from typical water systems in China and the adsorption of Sb(V) on Pearl River sediment with different organic carbon (OC) fractions using batch experiments. In order to assess the contributions of sedimentary organic components to the overall adsorption of pentavalent Sb on sediments, one sediment sample was treated by commonly used chemical and physical methods to remove different organic components. Experimental data of Sb(III) and Sb(V) adsorption on five sediments were successfully modeled using the Freundlich (r2 > 0.96) isotherm. In general, the sediments with high Fe and Al oxide contents and total organic carbon (TOC) had higher Sb(III) and Sb(V) adsorption than the sediments containing small amounts of Fe and Al oxides and TOC. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in sediment promoted the adsorption of Sb(V), and humin fractions and black carbon-like material in sediment had a high affinity for Sb(V).

Norfloxacin Sorption to Different Fractions in Sediments from Typical Water Systems in China

Sorption isotherms of Norfloxacin (NOF) to different fractions from six typical sediments in China were determined to compare the NOF sorption behavior and contribution of different fractions to total sorption. All sorption isotherms were nonlinear and fitted well with the Freundlich model. Sorption coefficients (K f) by original sediments changed in larger magnitude, from 114 (mg/g)/(mg/L)n to 5271 (mg/g)/(mg/L)n, and black carbon with more aromatic carbon has more sorption capacity and nonlinearity. The sorption capacity K f values were found to significantly correlate with SSA (specific surface area), OC (organic carbon), BC (black carbon), and TON (total organic nitrogen) (p < 0.05), but had no obvious relation with pH, CEC (cation exchange capacity), TOC/TON, and BC/TOC. The DOC removed, NaOH extracted, and 375°C heated fractions showed more nonlinear sorption than the original sediments, suggesting more heterogeneous sorption sites in these fractions. Among different sediment fractions, the 375°C heating fractions were responsible for >50% of the total NOF sorption over the whole concentration range. The contribution of DOC removed fractions to the total sorption was the highest at higher NOF concentration.

Phenanthrene sorption to humic acids, humin, and black carbon in sediments from typical water systems in China

Humic acid (HA) and humin (HM) were extracted with 0.1 M NaOH and black carbon (BC) was isolated using a combustion method at 375 degrees C from six sediments in different areas in China and their sorption isotherms for phenanthrene (Phen) were determined. All sorption isotherms were nonlinear and fitted well with the Freundlich model. Among the SOM, HM and BC with more aromatic carbon controlled the sorption nonlinearity and capacity. Compared to HM, higher K (oc) values were observed for BC due to the combustion of organic matter and native sorbates in HM. For HAs isotherms, a positive relation was observed between the K (oc) values and aliphaticity or H/C ratios, but a negative relation was shown between the n values and polarity of HAs. HA, HM, and BC were responsible for 0.4-9.3%, 46-97%, and 65-96% of the total sorption, respectively, indicating the dominance of HM and BC fractions in overall sorption of Phen by the sediments.

Computer Aided Decision Making in Water Retention and Allocation

The paper presents DISPATCHER-H a decision support system (DSS) t o be used in short-time water retention and allocation problems (WRA) so that several objectives such as: maintaining river flows and reservoir levels within specified ranges and satisfying the demands of consumers are met. To set the stage for WRA problem, salient background about DSS terminology and the standards of DISPATCHER, a DSS generator to be used in control of processes interconnected via reservoirs is reviewed. Then a basic pattern of a typical water system (WS) consisting in hydrodam reservoirs and consumer areas is considered. Starting from the initial model (in physical variables) of the WS new representations (for normal, deficit and flood situations) in DISPATCHER terms are obtained by using variable transformations similar to Jamshidi and Wang (1984) approach. The utilization of integrated autoregressive and moving average (ARIMA) models in forecasting stochastic components is presented. The architecture of DISPATCHER-H is given.