Types Of Trajectories Research Articles

A Review and Comparative Study of Differential Evolution Algorithms in Solving Inverse Kinematics of Mobile Manipulator

Mobile manipulator robots have become important pieces of equipment due to the high mobility of mobile subsystems and the high flexibility of manipulator subsystems. Considering the increasing degrees of freedom and the need to avoid singular locations, one of the most challenging problems is solving the inverse kinematics problem of mobile manipulator robots (IKMM). Of all the popular optimization algorithms, the differential evolution (DE) algorithm is the most effective method for quickly solving the IKMM problem with sufficient solutions. Currently, many strategies have been proposed for DE algorithms to improve the performance of solving mathematical problems; some symmetry strategies or symmetry functions have been introduced to DE algorithms. However, the effects of various DE algorithms on solving the actual IKMM lack a comprehensive explanation. Therefore, we divide various DE algorithms into three categories considering the control parameter selection and compare the specific optimization of various DE algorithms. Then, we compare the performance of various DE algorithms when solving the inverse kinematics problems of mobile manipulators with different degrees of freedom. Considering the effectiveness and the speed of the DE algorithm on the IKMM problem, we determine the best DE algorithm by comparing the error and time required to reach 100 random mission points and tracking the typical trajectories. Finally, the best-performing DE method is further improved by studying the selection of fundamental parameters in the best DE algorithm. Valuable conclusions are obtained from these experimental simulations, which can help with choosing an algorithm that is suitable for solving the inverse kinematics problem of mobile manipulator robots in practice.

Representations of parenting autistic children: A critical interpretive synthesis

Background Many taken-for-granted expectations for parents in Western societies are situated in normative assumptions. Social constructions of ‘good’ parenting may be a poor fit for parents whose children’s development varies from a so-called typical trajectory. Normative assumptions about parenting can have harmful effects for parents of autistic children. Aims/Objectives This paper examines representations of parenting autistic children in contemporary research and considers the potential effects of these representations on these parents’ occupational possibilities. Methods Informed by a critical occupational perspective, a critical interpretive synthesis (CIS) of 27 research articles focussed on parenting autistic children was conducted. Findings Three major discursive threads were identified regarding how parents of autistic children are represented in research: gendered assumptions, caregiving as all-consuming, and disruption of normative expectations of parenting. Conclusions and significance Normative discourses about parenting were (re)produced within this body of research which may perpetuate limitations in the occupational possibilities of parents of autistic children. Critical investigation into contemporary research is necessary to challenge taken for granted expectations for parents of children with autism, to mitigate harmful effects for parents, to inform transformative OT practices and policies, and to promote equitable service provision.

Entrainment probability of coal particle by bubble trailing vortex in coal flotation

Understanding the effect of bubble trailing vortex on particle trajectory is an important precursor for reducing the ash content of coal flotation. Using a high-speed motion acquisition system, we investigated the coal particle trajectory around the cylinder. Two typical trajectories of coal particles around the cylinder were measured. Some particles settled down out of the trailing vortex region while some ones flowed up. The effects of particle density, particle size and fluid flow velocity on the entrainment probability was analyzed. The entrainment probability gradually increased as the coal particle size decreased, increased as the particle density decreased, and increased as the fluid flow velocity increased. The entrainment probability obviously increased as the particle flowability increased independently of particle size, and the increase in the entrainment probability mainly concentrated in the range of particle flowability less than 12.5. The flotation of glass beads was conducted. The flotation recovery increased as the glass bead size decreased, which matched well with the predicted entrainment probability. Our results can provide a valuable insight into the development of flotation technology for cleaner mineral flotation.

Self-reported life-space mobility in the first year after ischemic stroke: longitudinal findings from the MOBITEC-Stroke project

BackgroundLife-space mobility is defined as the size of the area in which a person moves about within a specified period of time. Our study aimed to characterize life-space mobility, identify factors associated with its course, and detect typical trajectories in the first year after ischemic stroke.MethodsMOBITEC-Stroke (ISRCTN85999967; 13/08/2020) was a cohort study with assessments performed 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after stroke onset. We applied linear mixed effects models (LMMs) with life-space mobility (Life-Space Assessment; LSA) as outcome and time point, sex, age, pre-stroke mobility limitation, stroke severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; NIHSS), modified Rankin Scale, comorbidities, neighborhood characteristics, availability of a car, Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), and lower extremity physical function (log-transformed timed up-and-go; TUG) as independent variables. We elucidated typical trajectories of LSA by latent class growth analysis (LCGA) and performed univariate tests for differences between classes.ResultsIn 59 participants (mean age 71.6, SD 10.0 years; 33.9% women), mean LSA at 3 months was 69.3 (SD 27.3). LMMs revealed evidence (p ≤ 0.05) that pre-stroke mobility limitation, NIHSS, comorbidities, and FES-I were independently associated with the course of LSA; there was no evidence for a significant effect of time point. LCGA revealed three classes: “low stable”, “average stable”, and “high increasing”. Classes differed with regard to LSA starting value, pre-stroke mobility limitation, FES-I, and log-transformed TUG time.ConclusionRoutinely assessing LSA starting value, pre-stroke mobility limitation, and FES-I may help clinicians identify patients at increased risk of failure to improve LSA.

Prediction of Ship Trajectory in Nearby Port Waters Based on Attention Mechanism Model

In recent years, the prediction of ship trajectory based on automatic identification system (AIS) data has become an important area of research. Among the existing studies, most focus on a single ship to extract features and train models for trajectory prediction. However, in a real situation, AIS contains a variety of ships and trajectories that need a general model to serve various cases. Therefore, in this paper, we include an attentional mechanism to train a multi-trajectory prediction model. There are three major processes in our model. Firstly, we improve the traditional density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm and apply it to trajectory clustering. According to the clustering process, ship trajectories can be automatically separated by groups. Secondly, we propose a feature extraction method based on a hierarchical clustering method for a trajectory group. According to the extraction process, typical trajectories can be obtained for individual groups. Thirdly, we propose a multi-trajectory prediction model based on an attentional mechanism. The proposed model was trained using typical trajectories and tested using original trajectories. In the experiments, we chose nearby port waters as the target, which contain various ships and trajectories, to validate our model. The experimental results show that the mean absolute errors (MAEs) of the model in longitude (°) and latitude (°) compared with the baseline methods were reduced by 8.69% and 6.12%.

Being a Teacher in China: A Systematic Review of Teacher Identity in Education Reform

Education reform is expected to change teacher’s identity is expected to undergo changes, which in turn may influence various aspects of their professional life. As such, teacher identity in education reform context has received strong attention in the literature in the last decade or so. This article provides a systematic and critical review of the empirical research published after 2010 on Chinese teachers’ identity construction. It conceptualizes teacher identity construction in times of education reform and the factors mediating this process. A thematic synthesis was adopted to undertake the review of 28 articles. Teacher identity categories in K12 and tertiary education were extracted from the studies to give a contour of teacher identity trajectory. Teacher identities as thriving, as survival, and as exclusion emerge as the three main teacher identity categories. Guided by Wenger’s identity theory, we then discuss three types of teacher identity trajectories: contrive to thrive, adjust to survive, and alienate to wither; and three distinctive factor themes: power relations, agency, and emotion. This contextualized review unfolds stories and mediators of teacher identity construction against the backdrop of education reform in China through which implications for enhancing strong teacher identities are drawn.

Differences in adaptive behaviors of fourth graders according to peer relationship trajectory types in preschool and early school age

이 연구의 목적은 유아기 또래관계 변화궤적 유형과 초등학교 저학년기 또래관계 변화궤적 유형을 구분하고, 유형에 따라 초등학교 4학년 적응행동이 다른지 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위하여 한국아동패널 5차~11차 자료를 활용하였다. 분석대상은 아동 449명(남: 224명)이다. 유아기와 초등학교 저학년기 또래관계 변화궤적 유형을 구분하기 위하여 잠재 계층 혼합 모형을 활용하였다. 분석 결과, 초등학교 저학년기 또래관계가 평균이상형인 아동은 다른 유형의 아동보다 정서증상, 행동문제, 과잉행동/부주의를 더 적게 보이고, 친사회적 행동을 더 많이 보였다. 또한, 초등학교 저학년기 또래관계 변화궤적 유형에 따른 적응행동은 유아기 유형에 따라 차이가 있었다. 초등학교 저학년기에 평균이하형인 아동은 평균유지형인 아동보다 4학년 때 과잉행동/부주의를 더 많이 보였고, 이들 중에서 유아기에 평균이하형이었던 아동은 유아기에 평균유지형이었던 아동보다 4학년 때 과잉행동/부주의를 더 많이 보였다. 이러한 결과는 학령기 아동의 적응행동을 이해하기 위해서 학령기 또래관계뿐만 아니라 유아기 또래관계에 대한 고려가 도움이 될 수 있음을 보여준다.

Exposure to Intimate-Partner Violence and Resilience Trajectories of Adolescents: A Two-Wave Longitudinal Latent Transition Analysis.

Despite the serious emotional and social consequences of adolescents' exposure to intimate-partner violence (IPV) and the high prevalence of this exposure, few analyses have focused on person-centered models or considered psychological IPV. Studies that address exposure to violence tend to focus on physical IPV. Therefore, in this study, we examine (across two waves) the trajectories of resilience among adolescents who have witnessed psychological IPV by conducting a latent transition analysis and predicting class membership through socio-demographic and individual-level protective factors. Using a sample of 879 (T1, fall 2020) and 770 (T2, spring 2022) adolescent Swiss students with mean ages of 11.74 (SD = 0.64) and 13.77 (SD = 0.53), we identified four distinct time-invariant resilience classes: comorbid-frustrated, internalizing-frustrated, comorbid-satisfied, and resilient. The classes characterized by some level of psychopathological symptoms and basic psychological-needs frustration were the most stable over time. Furthermore, we found the four typical resilience trajectories: recovery, chronic, delayed, and improving. Gender, socioeconomic background, and protective factors showed a significant prediction of class membership in wave 1, highlighting the importance of increasing sensitivity to psychological-IPV exposure on the one hand, and reinforcing the relevance of prevention in schools regarding the promotion of protective factors on the other.

Trajectories of care of community-dwelling people living with dementia: a multidimensional state sequence analysis

BackgroundThe type and level of healthcare services required to address the needs of persons living with dementia fluctuate over disease progression. Thus, their trajectories of care (the sequence of healthcare use over time) may vary significantly. We aimed to (1) propose a typology of trajectories of care among community-dwelling people living with dementia; (2) describe and compare their characteristics according to their respective trajectories; and (3) evaluate the association between trajectories membership, socioeconomic factors, and self-perceived health.MethodsThis is an observational study using the data of the innovative Care Trajectories -Enriched Data (TorSaDE) cohort, a linkage between five waves of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), and health administrative data from the Quebec provincial health-insurance board. We analyzed data from 690 community-dwelling persons living with dementia who participated in at least one cycle of the CCHS (the date of the last CCHS completion is the index date). Trajectories of care were defined as sequences of healthcare use in the two years preceding the index date, using the following information: 1) Type of care units consulted (Hospitalization, Emergency department, Outpatient clinic, Primary care clinic); 2) Type of healthcare care professionals consulted (Geriatrician/psychiatrist/neurologist, Other specialists, Family physician).ResultsThree distinct types of trajectories describe healthcare use in persons with dementia: 1) low healthcare use (n = 377; 54.6%); 2) high primary care use (n = 154; 22.3%); 3) high overall healthcare use (n = 159; 23.0%). Group 3 membership was associated with living in urban areas, a poorer perceived health status and higher comorbidity.ConclusionFurther understanding how subgroups of patients use healthcare services over time could help highlight fragility areas in the allocation of care resources and implement best practices, especially in the context of resource shortage.

Variation in End-of-Life Trajectories in Persons Aged 70 Years and Older, Sweden, 2018‒2020.

Objectives. To analyze variation in end-of-life trajectories with regard to elder care and medical care and how they relate to age, gender, and causes of death. Methods. We analyzed all deaths of persons at age 70 years and older between the years 2018 and 2020 in Sweden, using a linkage of population registers. We applied latent class analysis to identify distinct types of end-of-life trajectories. Results. We identified 6 different types of end-of-life trajectories. The types differed substantially in the amount of utilized elder care and medical care before death. Deaths characterized by high levels of elder care and medical care utilization become more common with age. The trajectory types show distinct cause-of-death profiles. Conclusions. Most deaths today do not comply with what is often referred to as a "good" death (e.g., retaining control or requiring low levels of elder care). The results suggest that longer lifespans partly result from a prolonged dying process. Public Health Implications. The current modes of dying call for a discussion about how we want to die in an era of increasing lifespans and aging societies. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(7):786-794. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307281).

Concomitant magnetic-field compensation for 2D spiral-ring turbo spin-echo imaging at 0.55T and 1.5T.

To develop 2D turbo spin-echo (TSE) imaging using annular spiral rings (abbreviated "SPRING-RIO TSE") with compensation of concomitant gradient fields and B0 inhomogeneity at both 0.55T and 1.5T for fast T2 -weighted imaging. Strategies of gradient waveform modifications were implemented in SPRING-RIO TSE for compensation of self-squared concomitant gradient terms at the TE and across echo spacings, along with reconstruction-based corrections to simultaneously compensate for the residual concomitant gradient and B0 field induced phase accruals along the readout. The signal pathway disturbance caused by time-varying and spatially dependent concomitant fields was simulated, and echo-to-echo phase variations before and after sequence-based compensation were compared. Images from SPRING-RIO TSE with no compensation, with compensation, and Cartesian TSE were also compared via phantom and in vivo acquisitions. Simulation showed how concomitant fields affected the signal evolution with no compensation, and both simulation and phantom studies demonstrated the performance of the proposed sequence modifications, as well as the readout off-resonance corrections. Volunteer data showed that after full correction, the SPRING-RIO TSE sequence achieved high image quality with improved SNR efficiency (15%-20% increase), and reduced RF SAR (˜50% reduction), compared to the standard Cartesian TSE, presenting potential benefits, especially in regaining SNR at low-field (0.55T). Implementation of SPRING-RIO TSE with concomitant field compensation was tested at 0.55T and 1.5T. The compensation principles can be extended to correct for other trajectory types that are time-varying along the echo train and temporally asymmetric in TSE-based imaging.

Analysis of the return in professional men's and women's padel

The goal of this research was to analyze how situational variables such as the tactical position and the direction of the serve, the return's direction, and the score affect the vertical trajectory (VT) of the return (straight or lob) in men's and women's professional padel. For this, a sample of 2752 points (1431 men and 1321 women) corresponding to 69 matches played in the 2021 season of the World Padel Tour circuit was used. The VT of the return (straight or lob), to which player it was oriented, how important the point was attending to the score, the tactical position of the serving players, and the direction of the serve by systematic observation were recorded. The results showed that situational variables had a significant influence on the type of vertical return trajectory. Men performed a significantly higher percentage of straight returns (three out of four returns) when returning to the player at serve, or at a nonkey moment, or Australian position, or when the serve was to the body or to the side wall. In contrast, women returned a significantly higher percentage of lob returns (three out of four returns) to the server's partner, or in golden point situations, or in serves to the “T” and to the body, regardless of the tactical position at serve. The return had not been analyzed considering the score, observing changes in the golden points. These results have a great impact both on carrying out specific return training and on improving pair's anticipation to serve in different return situations.

Multi-Stage Adaptive Spline Autofocus (MASA) with a Learned Metric for Deformable Motion Compensation in Interventional Cone-Beam CT.

Cone-beam CT (CBCT) is widespread in abdominal interventional imaging, but its long acquisition time makes it susceptible to patient motion. Image-based autofocus has shown success in CBCT deformable motion compensation, via deep autofocus metrics and multi-region optimization, but it is challenged by the large parameter dimensionality required to capture intricate motion trajectories. This work leverages the differentiable nature of deep autofocus metrics to build a novel optimization strategy, Multi-Stage Adaptive Spine Autofocus (MASA), for compensation of complex deformable motion in abdominal CBCT. MASA poses the autofocus problem as a multi-stage adaptive sampling strategy of the motion trajectory, sampled with Hermite spline basis with variable amplitude and knot temporal positioning. The adaptive method permits simultaneous optimization of the sampling phase, local temporal sampling density, and time-dependent amplitude of the motion trajectory. The optimization is performed in a multi-stage schedule with increasing number of knots that progressively accommodates complex trajectories in late stages, preconditioned by coarser components from early stages, and with minimal increase in dimensionality. MASA was evaluated in controlled simulation experiments with two types of motion trajectories: i) combinations of slow drifts with sudden jerk (sigmoid) motion; and ii) combinations of periodic motion sources of varying frequency into multi-frequency trajectories. Further validation was obtained in clinical data from liver CBCT featuring motion of contrast-enhanced vessels, and soft-tissue structures. The adaptive sampling strategy provided successful motion compensation in sigmoid trajectories, compared to fixed sampling strategies (mean SSIM increase of 0.026 compared to 0.011). Inspection of the estimated motion showed the capability of MASA to automatically allocate larger sampling density to parts of the scan timeline featuring sudden motion, effectively accommodating complex motion without increasing the problem dimension. Experiments on multi-frequency trajectories with 3-stage MASA (5, 10, and 15 knots) yielded a twofold SSIM increase compared to single-stage autofocus with 15 knots (0.076 vs 0.040, respectively). Application of MASA to clinical datasets resulted in simultaneous improvement on the delineation of both contrast-enhanced vessels and soft-tissue structures in the liver. A new autofocus framework, MASA, was developed including a novel multi-stage technique for adaptive temporal sampling of the motion trajectory in combination with fully differentiable deep autofocus metrics. This novel adaptive sampling approach is a crucial step for application of deformable motion compensation to complex temporal motion trajectories.

Wild-type MECP2 expression coincides with age-dependent sensory phenotypes in a female mouse model for Rett syndrome.

Rett syndrome is characterized by an early period of typical development and then, regression of learned motor and speech skills in girls. Loss of MECP2 protein is thought to cause Rett syndrome phenotypes. The specific underlying mechanisms from typical developmental trajectory to regression features throughout life are unclear. Lack of established timelines to study the molecular, cellular, and behavioral features of regression in female mouse models is a major contributing factor. Due to random X-chromosome inactivation, female patients with Rett syndrome and female mouse models for Rett syndrome (Mecp2Heterozygous , Het) express a functional copy of wild-type MECP2 protein in approximately half of all cells. As MECP2 expression is regulated during early postnatal development and experience, we characterized the expression of wild-type MECP2 in the primary somatosensory cortex of female Het mice. Here, we report increased MECP2 levels in non-parvalbumin-positive neurons of 6-week-old adolescent Het relative to age-matched wild-type controls, while also displaying typical levels of perineuronal net expression in the barrel field subregion of the primary somatosensory cortex, mild tactile sensory perception deficits, and efficient pup retrieval behavior. In contrast, 12-week-old adult Het express MECP2 at levels similar to age-matched wild-type mice, show increased perineuronal net expression in the cortex, and display significant tactile sensory perception deficits. Thus, we have identified a set of behavioral metrics and the cellular substrates to study regression during a specific time in the female Het mouse model, which coincides with changes in wild-type MECP2 expression. We speculate that the precocious increase in MECP2 expression within specific cell types of adolescent Het may provide compensatory benefits at the behavioral level, while the inability to further increase MECP2 levels leads to regressive behavioral phenotypes over time.

Longitudinal Trajectories of White Matter Development in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

BackgroundFew longitudinal studies have investigated whether white matter development reflects differential outcomes for children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To examine whether deviations from typical trajectories of white matter development were associated with the persistence or remission of ADHD symptoms, this study examined microstructural and morphological properties of 71 white matter tracts from 390 high angular diffusion scans acquired prospectively for 62 children with persistent ADHD, 37 children remitted from ADHD, and 85 children without ADHD. MethodsParticipants (mean age at wave 1 = 10.39 years, scan interval = 18 months) underwent up to 3 magnetic resonance imaging assessments. White matter tracts were reconstructed using TractSeg, a semiautomated method. For each tract, we derived measures of fiber density (microstructure) and fiber bundle cross-section (morphology) using fixel-based analysis. Linear mixed models were used to compare trajectories of fiber development between the persistent ADHD, remitted ADHD, and non-ADHD groups. ResultsCompared with the non-ADHD group, the remitted and persistent ADHD groups showed accelerated fiber development in thalamic pathways, striatal pathways, and the superior longitudinal fasciculus. In the remitted ADHD group, accelerated fiber development in corticospinal, frontopontine, striatal-premotor, and thalamo-premotor pathways was associated with greater reductions in ADHD symptom severity. The persistent ADHD group showed ongoing white matter alterations along sensorimotor pathways. ConclusionsThese results suggest that variations in white matter development are associated with different clinical trajectories in ADHD. The findings advance our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underpinning ADHD symptom progression and provide novel evidence in support of developmental models of ADHD.

Thermal design of view port of a sub-orbital flight

The current work deals with a thermal design of a view port for a sub-orbital flight. Geometry of a typical sub-orbital flight was considered for this design. Using a typical suborbital flight trajectory, heat flux was estimated. For atmospheric re-entry, engineering correlations are used to estimate time varying stagnation heat flux from the trajectory data. At a time instant, CFD analysis was carried out to verify the consistency in stagnation heat flux. From CFD analysis, a factor was derived between stagnation heat flux and the heat flux at view port location. This factor was applied over the time varying stagnation heat flux to obtain transient heat flux profile on view port. A grid Independence study was performed and the grid independent results were only used in this study. Different materials were evaluated for the view port and a thermal analysis was carried out to estimate the optimum thickness requirement for each of these material using one dimensional thermal analysis.

Long-term functional ability trajectories and mental health among older people before and after the COVID-19 pandemic onset in Chile

Objectives Despite the advances in understanding the complex association between functional abilities and mental health in old age, studies have overlooked two important aspects. First, traditionally, research has employed cross-sectional designs, measuring limitations at a single time point. Second, most gerontological studies on this field have been conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic onset. This study aims to explore the association between diverse long-term functional ability trajectories across late adulthood and old age, and older people’s mental health in Chile, before and after the COVID-19 pandemic onset. Methods We use data from the population-representative and longitudinal ‘Chilean Social Protection Survey’, sequence analysis to reconstruct functional ability trajectory types from 2004 to 2018, and bivariate and multivariate analyses to measure their association with depressive symptoms in early 2020 (N = 891) and late 2020 (N = 672). We analyzed four age groups defined by their age at baseline (2004): people aged 46–50, 51–55, 56–60, and 61–65. Results Our findings indicate that erratic or equivocal patterns of functional limitations across time (with people transiting back and forth between low and high levels of limitations) show the worst mental health outcomes, both before and after the pandemic onset. Prevalence of people with depression increased after the COVID-19 onset in most groups, being particularly high among those with previous equivocal functional ability trajectories. Conclusions The relationship between functional ability trajectories and mental health calls for a new paradigm, moving away from age as the main policy guide, and highlighting the need to adopt strategies to improve population-level functional status as an efficient policy to address the challenges of population aging.

Ten-Year Cohort Study of Emotional Distress Trajectories After Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

ObjectiveTo characterize trajectories of emotional distress across the first decade after moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and explore relations with personal and injury-related factors. DesignCohort study with follow-ups at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 years post-injury. SettingCommunity. ParticipantsParticipants were sampled from a larger longitudinal study of 4300 individuals recruited from consecutive inpatient TBI admissions to a rehabilitation hospital between 1985 and 2021 (N=4300). We analyzed data from 596 unique individuals (13.86% of total dataset; 70.81% male; Mage=40.11 years, SDage=17.49 years; 7.59% non-English-speaking background) with moderate-severe TBI who had complete data on all personal and injury-related variables (collected on admission) and emotional data at 3 or more time-points. There were 464 participants at the 1-year post-injury time-point, 485 at 2 years, 454 at 3 years, 450 at 5 years, and 248 at 10 years. InterventionsNot applicable. Main Outcome MeasureThe Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). ResultsVisualization of the individual HADS symptoms (line graph) showed that the most highly endorsed symptoms at each time-point were feeling slowed down and restlessness. On average, each symptom reduced across the first decade post-TBI, with an overall mild level of emotional distress at 10 years. However, visualization of participants’ individual trajectories based on the HADS total score (Sankey diagram) revealed significant heterogeneity. Using latent class analysis, we identified 5 distinct trajectory types based on the HADS total score: “Gradual Improving” (38.93%), “Resilience” (36.41%), “Gradual Worsening” (10.40%), and 2 non-linear trajectories of “Worsening-Remitting” (8.22%) and “Improving-Relapsing” (6.04%). Middle age at injury, lower Glasgow Coma Scale score, comorbid spinal and limb injuries, and receipt of pre-injury mental health treatment predicted earlier and/or worsening post-injury emotional distress. ConclusionsEmotional distress across the first decade after moderate-severe TBI is dynamic, heterogeneous, and often chronic, underscoring a need for ongoing monitoring and responsive treatment.

Partnership trajectories and their consequences over the life course. Evidence from the German LifE Study.

Following a life course perspective, this study examines the link between partnership trajectories and three dimensions of psychological well-being: psychological health, overall sense of self-worth and quality of life. Assuming that life outcomes are the result of prior decisions, experiences and events, partnership histories can be seen as a resource for psychological well-being. Furthermore, advantages or disadvantages from living with or without a partner should accumulate over time. While previous cross-sectional research has mainly focused on the influence of partnership status or a status change on well-being, prior longitudinal studies could not control for reverse causality of well-being and partnership trajectories. This research addresses the question of how different patterns of partnership biographies are related to a person's well-being in middle adulthood. Selection effects of pre-trajectory well-being as well as current life conditions are also taken into account. Using data from the German LifE Study, the partnership trajectories between ages of 16 and 45 are classified by sequence and cluster analysis. OLS regression is then used to examine the link between types of partnership trajectories and depression, self-esteem and overall life satisfaction at age 45. For women, well-being declined when experiencing unstable non-cohabitational union trajectories or divorce followed by unpartnered post-marital trajectories. Men suffered most from being long-term single. The results could not be explained by selection effects of pre-trajectory well-being. While women seem to 'recover' from most of the negative effects of unstable partnership trajectories through a new partnership, for men it was shown that being mainly unpartnered has long-lasting effects on their psychological well-being.

The impact of symmetry violations on determining optimal control trajectories for complex robotic systems

Complex robotic systems, their properties, features and interactions are considered, the article offers the definition of a complex system on the basis of 5 properties: openness, non-morphic variability of three types (structural, spatial and information), Double-code, event aggregation and violation of physical symmetries. The influence of violations of physical symmetries on the determination of optimal control trajectories is reflected in the paradigm approach to the study of complex robotic systems that are not formalized as mathematical objects. The basic concepts, postulates and hypotheses are formulated. Ideal designs of variability of complex systems; energy causal sets; energies; events, causes, effects and evolution; spacetime, quanta and vacuum; interaction of individuals; operators of physical interactions, aggregated events, text and attachments of words. Three basic models for the study of complex systems - the model of physical interactions, the neurolinguistic model and the model of control at incomplete compatibility are proposed and briefly described. The structure of the kernel of the platform of physical simulation modeling for the researches of complex systems is resulted. Three types of space-time quantum modeling - minimal, semantic and evolutionary - are described. The article provides an illustration of results of application of the proposed approach to the study of actions of complex systems. It is noted that the resulting mathematical structure exhibits fractal properties. Typical trajectories of evolution - «homeostat»; «attenuation of actions»; «invariant»; «accident»; «window of possibilities» have been allocated. The article provides a number of principles of research of complex methodological and methodical systems. Recommendations were made on the scope of the proposed approach.