Typical Technological Process Research Articles

Progressive technologies of laser surfacing and gas‑thermal spraying

The article notes the experience of Yantai Huaheng Energy Conservation Technology Co., Ltd in applying protective anti‑corrosion polymer coatings and discusses the most promising modern recovery and strengthening technologies of thermal spraying (PAPS, AS, HVAF, HVOF) and laser cladding (LASC). Examples of installations that the company has and typical restored machine parts with protective wearand corrosion‑resistant coatings and the microstructure of coatings are given. The main stages of a typical technological process for applying coatings are noted. Using the example of the company, the feasibility and effectiveness of the development of this area in China is noted.

Constructing a model of the influence of structural and technological inhomogeneities on electromagnetic energy losses in cables based on a twisted pair

The objects of research reported here were cables based on twisted pairs of various designs. The issue of the emergence of additional losses of electromagnetic energy is related to structural and technological inhomogeneities at the technological stage of cable production. The influence of the working capacitance of the twisted pair on the energy losses in the cables has been substantiated. A methodology was proposed for the numerical calculation of the electric field under the condition of ellipticity of the structural elements of the twisted pair. That has made it possible to determine the distortion of the electric field and the effect of inhomogeneities on the working capacitance of a twisted pair of different designs. Specifically, it was shown that for shielded structures with continuous polymer insulation, the distortion of the electric field and the growth of the working capacitance are observed to a greater extent. The need to find technological solutions to reduce the effect of screen ellipticity on cable capacitance has been emphasized. The effectiveness of capacitance regulation in the presence of inhomogeneities has been confirmed, by using foamed insulation to reduce the loss of electromagnetic energy in the cable. The effect of reducing the working capacitance and increasing additional losses under the simultaneous influence of the ellipticity of the electrical insulation and the protective polymer shell has been established, which necessitates the technological process adjustment in the manufacture of twisted pair. An applied aspect of using the results is the possibility of improving the typical technological process of manufacturing twisted pairs to reduce additional losses of electromagnetic energy at the final technological stage of cable production. The adequacy of the numerical studies was confirmed by experimental dependences of the attenuation coefficient and additional energy losses of the unshielded cable in the frequency range up to 100 MHz

Improvement of fatty systems biotechnological interesterification with immobilized enzyme preparation usage

This work research object was fat systems interesterification biotechnology using the Lipozyme TL IM immobilized enzyme preparation. The problem of enzyme preparation activation by moistening with sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution with 7.4 ... 7.7 (3 % wt.) pH was solved in the work. The obtained results made it possible to minimize the interesterification process duration with high-quality product obtaining. The proposed enzyme preparation processing made it possible to reduce the duration of the biointeresterification process in a model fat mixture (palm stearin, coconut and soybean oils in a ratio of 1:1:1, respectively) to 3.5...3.7 hours. The product with high quality indicators, namely up to 0.26 mg KOH/g acid number, up to 0.60 mmol ½ O/kg peroxide number and 1.70 c.u. anisidine number, was obtained as a result. The obtained data can be explained by a fact that effective biocatalysis with lipolytic enzymes as the protein molecules requires the existence of two phases – lipid and water. This fact was provided by the activation parameters justified in the study. The obtained results feature was possibility of enzyme preparation activation, which is not provided under industrial conditions due to the threat of raw materials and finished products hydrolytic processes, which leads to the finished product quality deterioration. The research results made it possible to minimize hydrolytic processes in fat system during interesterification with simultaneous process efficiency increase. From a practical point of view, the discovered activation mechanism made it possible to adjust the enzyme preparation processing conditions in fat systems interesterification technology. The applied aspect of scientific result using was the possibility of improving the typical technological process of fat interesterification

КОМБИНИРОВАННАЯ ОБРАБОТКА ЭЛЕКТРОДОМ-ЩЕТКОЙ ПОВЕРХНОСТЕЙ ИЗДЕЛИЙ С ПЕРЕМЕННЫМ ПРИПУСКОМ

The article considers the possibilities of combined processing with an unprofiled electrode-brush of products with a large unevenness of the initial profile. The coefficient of unevenness was used to estimate the size of the allowance. Methods of obtaining parts with variable allowance, features of their processing are considered. These are parts obtained by casting, welding, stamping, roughing blade and electroerosion treatment. The surfaces of such parts are often characterized by high hardness and wear resistance. To date, there is no universal way to process such parts. Often, such details, after processing, have to be refined with the help of stripping devices or a locksmith method, which increases the processing time and enhances the process. It is of interest to use an unprofiled brush electrode for processing such parts, but for this it was necessary to create an effective processing technology that ensures a stable flow of the process. As a result of theoretical studies and oscillography of the process, the mechanism of the processing process was clarified, which made it possible to clarify the true value of the electrode-brush and more accurately determine its wear. A typical technological process of surface treatment with an uneven allowance was developed. Schemes of surface treatment with variable allowance with adjustment of the amount of the brush electrode clamping by the minimum and maximum allowance values are proposed. Processing modes have been experimentally established. The article presents the practical results of experiments on processed cast iron gratings with different modes.

Should we look for Fibonacci's «golden ratio» in the processes of waste formation

We are making an attempt to introduce the regularity of the appearance of waste in technological processes with the regularities of the well-known «golden ratio» of Leonardo Fibonacci. In this case, they are represented by a system of optimal energy distribution between the material components of the production system. The relationship between equal terms in the basic Formula of Fibonacci and components with optimal comparison of energy, as the basis for applying the number F = 1,618 or related to it in semantic expansion. Other variants of analog Fibonacci series are ordered in order to compare them with the proportions of the main material flows in a typical technological process. Various correlations between the numerical values of the main material and other components: raw materials, energy, information, products and waste, depending on their attitude to the change in their mutual entropy in a variety of technological processes, are shown. We have shown that the absence of such proportions, including indicators of minimal waste generation, has its roots in the principle of thermodynamic duality between the components of raw materials and the energy that is used in the system. We have shown that the basis for the appearance in the material flows of the technological process of relations close to the number of Fibonacci or its analogues can only be the overcoming of the existence of the principle of thermodynamic duality

AUTOMATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSING OF PRODUCTS MADE OF PHOTOPOLYMER MATERIALS

The use of new modern structural materials that would improve the physical and mechanical properties of products, aggregates and components of agricultural machines will help to reduce the mass fraction of metals in their design. It was determined that the use of additive technologies in mechanical engineering is hindered by poor product quality due to the lack of automated control of the polymerization process in the production of 3D products. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing an algorithm to the process of automated control of the technology of manufacturing products from photopolymers. (Materials and methods) A set of controlled parameters of the photopolymerization process was substantiated in the manufacture of parts using additive technologies, which were taken as polymerization time and the dynamics of temperature changes in the material. (Results and discussion) The results of the use of an automated photopolymerization process were given and its analysis was carried out on the example of a typical technological process for obtaining samples of polymer composites similar to natural organic materials. Thermal phenomena that occur when exposed to ultraviolet radiation during polymerization are described. We carried out experimental and industrial tests of the physical and mechanical properties of basic photopolymer resins, which in practice allowed us to investigate the operation of the algorithm of the process control system and conclude that all the indicators of the tested samples exceed in quality the values of samples from acrylic plastics made by the traditional method. (Conclusions) We have developed an algorithm for an automated system of extreme control of technological processes of manufacturing products using additive technologies using photopolymers and their composites. The beginning and end of the polymerization process were identified automatically, increasing the mechanical characteristics of the products. It has been shown that in the production of machine-building parts and, in particular, agricultural engineering, it is possible to use additive technologies.

THE AUTOMATED RESEARCH OF THE IMPREGNATION PROCESS OF ELASTOMETERS

The problem of field fuel depots remains unsolved today. Incomplete sealing of drain devices and leaks lead to material losses and contamination of the soil, the restoration of which requires considerable time and money. The article presents the overview of existing problems of fuel filling and sealing systems of containers for storage and transportation of petroleum products, fuels and lubricants. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing a methodology and algorithm for studying the swelling process of polymer materials used in the transportation and storage of fuels and lubricants to determine their durability and residual life. (Materials and methods) The article presents the main disadvantages of drain devices. The statistical analysis of the rejection of tank boilers owned by JSC «PGK» has been performed. The main malfunctions that are the cause of the cistern rejection is a valve malfunction and a residue in the drain device cup, which indicates that the valve is leaky due to a leak in the sealing device. (Results and discussion) A typical technological process for the production of polymer materials samples is presented. Authors have developed technical equipment, selected processing methods for the manufacture of polymer samples and technological equipment. Experimental studies of the effect of hydrocarbons on polymer materials were carried out using traditional methods. The article presents the express methodology and the automated experimental setup, the approbation of which allowed us to speed up the studying process. The article proves the possibility of practical application of the proposed methodology and installation, which gives identical results on the destabilization of the physical and mechanical properties of polymer products operated in a carbon-hydrogen environment. (Conclusions) The proposed express method and the developed scheme of the automated control system are simple to manufacture and are necessary for farms using fuel and lubricants storages of any design from various materials. The results of the data obtained make it possible to predict the operating time and residual resource of polymer materials used in containers for transportation and storage of lubricants in the field.

Aspects of Modeling and Automated Control of Photopolymerization Processes

The use of polymers in the agro-industrial complex has increased over the past decades. This is due to their use as structural materials in equipment for processing, storage and preparation of agricultural products. The article presents the overview of the state of existing control systems for the process of predicted polymerization, a literary and patent analysis of the presented mathematical models of chemical polymerization reactions. There are considered the methods of control of the processes of design, manufacture, modeling and construction of automated control systems. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to determine the promising directions for the development and research of the designing materials and products made of photopolymers with predetermined structural properties. (Materials and methods) The article presents software complexes for modeling polymer materials, algorithms and mathematical models of polymerization. Authors used a literary and patent review in the study. (Results and discussion) The analyze of the program complexes for modeling polymer materials shows that in an explicit, visualized form, the process of creating photopolymers with specified design parameters is not represented in them. The analysis of a typical technological process as an object of management was carried out using the example algorithm of a specific production unit, and have established the possibility of improving existing automated control systems for it. The article describes the possibility of constructing an automated control system for the technological process of photopolymerization, stabilization of physico-chemical processes in the production of polymer products. (Conclusions) The actual tasks of further research is creating a software package for modeling materials with specified structural properties; mathematical apparatus for calculating and modeling photopolymerization processes; construction of automated control systems for technological processes of manufacturing products from photopolymer structural materials.

ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ВАЛОВ МАШИН КОМБИНИРОВАНИЕМ ЭЛЕКТРОМЕХАНИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ ПОЛИМЕРНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ

Currently, one of the most acute problems of repair production is the lack of highly efficient, but at the same time easy-to-implement technological processes for restoring the landing surfaces of shafts and axles of machine mechanisms. The solution to this problem is in the combination of simple and inexpensive technological processes with the production of multilayer coatings with specified guaranteed physical, mechanical, rheological and tribotechnical properties, as well as in ensuring the necessary dimensional and geometric accuracy of the restored joints of parts. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a typical technological process for restoring the landing surfaces of the shafts of machine mechanisms for rolling bearings by combining electromechanical processing with the application of polymer coatings. (Materials and мethods) The article presents the studies of the physical, mechanical and rheological properties of polymer materials and combined coatings on the AI-7000M breaking machine of GOTECH Testing Machines Inc. The UGN60R software package was used to process the obtained results. (Results and discussion) The article presents a mathematical model that allows us to describe the process of loading the combined coating of a worn part with the determination of its stress-strain state at the installation stage and during operation of the restored fixed joint. As a result, the load affects the change in contact pressures to a greater extent, and the volume modulus and the shear modulus of the polymer to a lesser extent. (Conclusions) A new standard technological process has been developed and tested for restoring worn-out landing surfaces of shafts for rolling bearings of transmission units of domestic and foreign tractors, cars, agricultural machinery, equipment of processing industries by combining electromechanical processing with a coating based on polymer compositions ANATERM-201 and Loctite 3472.

IMPROVING OF ROUND HOLE CUTTING PROCESS IN THE SHEET METAL

Improving existing technological processes is an important stage in the development of all industries. As a consequence, this article is devoted to the analysis of the process of flanging round holes in sheet steel. The existing typical technological process, with a detailed analysis, gives grounds for substantiating the idea of an innovative solution. Changing the sequence of the traditional flanging method will ensure high productivity and material savings. Of the many promising methods of metal forming by pressure, which include flanging of round holes, two are given for comparison: the traditional one and the improved one. The methodology of the traditional direction, worked out over the years, provides for a clear sequence of the technological process using tools for marking, centering, making a hole and using tools for flanging. The final, after the previous operations of marking the centers of the holes, punching, making holes, is the flanging stage. The tapered punch (usually a metal rod) prevents the small-diameter hole from deviating from the marking lines and ensures the centering of the punch-blank-matrix system. Following the above steps, the conventional workflow involves positioning the workpiece over the surface of the punch hole to guide the tool in the desired direction. For the manufacture of a flanged hole, a special sharpening of the working part of the punch is performed so that the diameter of the central part of the tool is equal to the difference between the diameters of the guide hole of the matrix and the inner diameter of the workpiece of the part. To avoid further displacement of the hole, the workpiece is centered by placing it on the die and the next operation is supposed to lower the punch to flang the hole. As a result, the article touches on the topic, taking into account the widespread use of thin sheet metal, including in the agricultural sector, the feasibility of using an innovative idea to improve the technological process associated with the processing of sheet material, namely thin metal sheets. It is advisable to note that, for example, a material is considered that is characterized by its versatility, namely steel. Despite numerous sources devoted to the study of improving the flanging technological process, there are a number of issues, in particular, the extension of this direction to numerous varieties of metal materials that have surfaces with and without coating, various thicknesses within thin-walled rolled products. The most significant result is the improved technological process of flanging will find application in the system of efficient servicing of agricultural machinery.

Modeling quality criteria for restoring parts of cars, vehicles and road-building machines

The article analyzes the types, methods and techniques of parts processing at restoration and quality criteria of parts of cars, other vehicles and road-building machines in terms of efficiency. Correlations between the quality criteria and the functionality of the part have been established, for which the requirements for machine safety and reliability after the restoration of individual parts have been taken. A mathematical model has been developed in the form of an algorithm for selecting the best variant of the restoration technology for a functionally important part, based on a typical restoration technological process, which consists in the development of a multi-criteria problem, the initial postulates of which are matrices: W “wear resistance → durability”; S “safety → reliability”; F “part fragility → machine safety”. New parameters in the form of coefficients describing roughness, hardness and riveting of a part have been proposed. In particular, the authors define the coefficient of technological isotropy of roughness, which evaluates the roughness parameters in the process of technological changes of a part; the coefficient of isotropy of hardness, which compares the hardness parameters on the surface of the part and in the core of it; the coefficient of intensity of hardness, which is a complex parameter and in which there is a change of hardness by the depth of the part and the value of hardness depth (riveting). The purpose of introducing these coefficients is consistent with the model being developed to select the optimal technology for restoring parts of cars, other vehicles and road-building machines.

Modeling of systems for restoration of parts of cars, other vehicles and road construction machines

The article deals with the application of process typification in the restoration of the most worn-out parts of cars, other vehicles and road construction machines from the point of view of application of optimization of the best quality parameters selection. A typical technological process of part recovery using the solution of a multi-criteria dynamic problem by the zoning method has been proposed with the introduction of the best variant of the matrix technology into the algorithm of selection: W “wear resistance → durability”; S “safety → reliability”; F “part fragility → machine safety”. The goal is to achieve maximum efficiency in structuring the technological process of restoration of parts of cars, other vehicles and road construction machines according to a number of reasonable criteria. While solving the task, the analysis of the existing methods of modeling for solving such tasks has been performed. The authors proposed their own solution in the form of an algorithm of the zoning method based on the principle of compliance with the hierarchical correlation of probabilities of possible states of the external environment in order to select an optimal variant of the required solution. As a result, it has been found that obtaining the maximum efficiency of the technological process of shaft-type parts restoration in cars, other vehicles and road construction machines can be solved by the task of dynamic programming as determining the optimal trajectory of the part transitions during the restoration process.

ABOUT THE CHOICE OF THE INITIAL SIDE OF A SPHERICAL GLASS LENS PROCESSING

The article analyzes the choice of the initial side of a spherical glass lens processing. The analysis was carried out on the basis of a survey of employees of the optical shop and familiarization with the description of a typical technological process for manufacturing lenses at one of the instrument-making enterprises in Novosibirsk, as well as by a retro-review of technical publications on the manufacture of optical parts. Two schemes of decision-making about the initial side of spherical lens processing are revealed: selection (assignment) or calculation by formula. The results of the analysis are formulated and the tasks of further research are defined.

Витягування циліндричних деталей із не суцільного матеріалу

A new method for drawing cylindrical parts from a flat metal mesh netting with square openings has been proposed, developed and investigated. According to this method, drawing is carried out from a square workpiece, whose sides are parallel to the diagonals of the netting mesh. A new method of drawing parts with flange clamping of a sheet workpiece has been proposed and experimentally tested, which differs in that the workpiece is pre-perforated; perforation of the workpiece is performed only in the flange area, whose inner diameter is equal to the average diameter dc of the cylindrical part obtained; perforation of the workpiece is performed so that the sum  of all jumpers by the width ai on each concentric circle of the location of the perforation holes is equal to the circumference at the average diameter dc of the cylindrical part obtained, i.e. formula is valid. The use of the proposed method, in comparison with the known one, creates such conditions for drawing, under which the limiting drawing ratio becomes significantly lower (< 0,46), which makes it possible to conduct a deeper drawing of parts in one press run. The scientific novelty of this research is as follows. Usually, when manufacturing parts such as caps or box shapes, stamping is used in several runs to avoid the phenomenon of tearing- off of the bottoОдержаноm. However, the use of stamping in several runs leads to a complication of the process equipment and an increase in the cost of the product, which is justified only for cases of obtaining a high-quality product and provided that the integrity of the part is intact at a considerable depth. When trying to draw parts of considerable depth, objective difficulties arise associated with breaking-off of the bottom, which are due to exceeding by the tensile stresses in the critical section of the workpiece (between the bottom and lateral surfaces) of the ultimate tensile strength в of the latter. As part of the research described in this article, a way to overcome those difficulties has been proposed. It is based on the fact that when implementing the stamping process at lower values of the drawing ratio than the critical one, a metal mesh netting or perforated workpiece is used, and tearing-off of the bottom is therefore no longer observed. This method made it possible to obtain an integral shape of the part while using a significant depth of drawing due to the prior perforation of the workpiece, which significantly reduces the cost of the product. That means that the obtained scientific result in the form of a proposed kinetic description of the stamping process compared to the known one creates such drawing conditions, under which the unevenness of the height of the cylindrical portion of the part is significantly reduced, which in turn reduces by 35-40% the cost of stamping cylindrical parts from a flat metal mesh netting with square openings. This result is interesting from a theoretical point of view. As far as the practical point of view is concerned, a mechanism of transition of plastic bending of netting meshes into cold volumetric expanding of its constituent wires has been revealed, which makes it possible to determine the conditions for using the process of manufacturing parts from metal mesh netting or perforated workpieces. Consequently, an applied aspect of using the scientific result obtained is the possibility of improving the typical technological process of stamping, where the stamping force will be significantly reduced and hence the stress in the critical section, which will make it possible to reduce significantly the limiting drawing ratio and increase the depth of stamping. This constitutes prerequisites for the transfer of the obtained technological solutions of the process of drawing from a metal mesh netting or a perforated workpiece.

Intensification of the recovery of hydraulic equipment parts by iron in the electrolyte flow

The technology of bath-free ironing of parts in an electrolyte flow with simultaneous hydromechanical activation of the growing surface is proposed. Its advantages over the traditional type of coating are introduced. The structure, some physicomechanical and operational properties of iron coatings were studied depending on the electrolysis regimes and the composition of electrolytes. The possibility of high-speed electrodeposition of iron with a wide range of physical and mechanical properties is shown. There were shown the electrolysis modes, which make it possible to obtain high-quality strong-adhered pure-iron coatings with a wear resistance several times higher than hardened alloy steels and a precipitation growth rate tens of times higher than with traditional ironing. A typical technological process of parts ironing was developed. It was tested on the example of restoration of hydraulic valve spools of agricultural machinery. The design of an installation and an electrochemical cell for ironing the valve hydraulic distributors, providing optimal hydrodynamic conditions when applying coatings to worn surfaces, was proposed. Recommendations for the post-electrolysis treatment of restored parts by iron are given. Bench and field tests of hydraulic valves with remanufactured valves were carried out. They confirmed the results of laboratory studies, and showed that no malfunctions were identified during the operation period. Technical and economic calculations have shown the high efficiency of the proposed technology in comparison with traditional ironing. The introduction of the technology in production will reduce the production area and the time spent on restoring parts by increasing the productivity of the iron process and reducing the number of operations, reducing the cost of materials for preparing electrolytes by reducing the operation of anodic treatment and washing, and increasing the reliability of the technology by improving its structural scheme.

IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF DRILLING THIN SHEET STEELS

This article considers the technological process of drilling holes in sheet metal. The existing typical technological process, with detailed analysis, provides grounds for substantiating the idea of an innovative solution. There is a connection between the improvement of economic indicators of this technological operation with the change of geometric parameters of the tool. The comparison of existing technological processes, operations, and transitions of production of round openings with the use of spiral drills is given. The traditional technique involves a clear sequence of the technological process with the use of tools for marking, kerning, and sequential use of screw drills of different diameters. Therefore, after the previous operation of marking the center of the two holes, perform the operation of kerning. The core (recess in the metal) prevents the deviation of the small diameter screw drill from the marking lines. After the above steps, the traditional technological process involves drilling a small diameter hole in order to direct the main tool in the right direction. To make the main hole perform special sharpening of the working part of the twist drill so that the diameter of the Central part of the tool is equal to the diameter of the first guide hole to avoid further displacement of the main hole and the next operation is to drill the hole to the desired diameter. As a result, the article raises the topic, given the widespread use of sheet metal, including in the agricultural sector, the feasibility of using an innovative idea to improve the technological process associated with the processing of sheet material, namely thin metal sheets. It is worth noting that for example, we consider a material that is characterized by its versatility, namely steel Ст 3. Despite the numerous sources devoted to the study of improving the drilling process, there are a number of issues, including the extension of this direction surfaces with a covering and without it, various thicknesses within the thin-walled hire. The most significant result of the improved technological process of drilling will be used in the system of efficient maintenance of agricultural machinery.

Contemporary methods for production of Prussian blue

Prussian blue, a blue-coloured pigment, has found a wide application in various branches of production, including such industries as construction and transport, where Prussian blue is applied as a coloured coating, and also in agriculture and medicine. A typical technological process for production of Prussian blue includes nucleation, enlargement of formed crystals, aggregation of formed crystals, and, finally, recrystallization followed by further oxidation, rinsing of impurities and drying. A typical technological process for production of Prussian blue is observed, its features are studied, and the influence of chemical components on the properties of the obtained pigment are examined. Recommendations on the mole ratio and concentrating of chemical components are given. The pigment produced by the given recommendations is superior in quality to foreign counterparts.

Efficiency of alfalfa granulated feed additive in balanced ration of Ukrainian Riding Horse

We established positive influence of granulated alfalfa feed on the growth, development intensity, and sport qualities of the race horses. We registered the increase in live weight of young horses, which consumed the full granulated alfalfa feed by 8.0-9.8%. These animals had a more pronounced constitutional breed type. Thus, at the age of 18 months, they outclassed their peers in main linear dimensions: they had higher values of thoracic development (by 4.6%), higher thoracic diameter (by 4.5%), higher body length (by 5.7%). At the age of 24 months, these advantages were 6.4, 8.2, and 6.0% respectively. We found that the colts and fillies in the experimental group at the age of 12 months outperformed the same year horses from the control group by 1.1% by the index of format. Further, at the age of 18 and 24 months, the animals of the experimental group outperformed their counterparts from the control group by 0.2 and 0.4%, respectively. In terms of breast circumference index, the advantage of the exerimentary group animals at the age of 12 months was 0.1%, at the age of 18 months - 1.7%, at the age of 24 months - 1.8%, respectively. Similar results were recorded for the compactness index, where the advantage at the age of 12 months was 1.2%, at 18 months - 1.9%, at 24 months - 2.3% respectively. The effective use of environmentally friendly feed is confirmed by the results of hematological blood tests. It was found that for the vast majority of indicators they correspond to the physiological norm. This blood composition naturally characterizes changes in horses during the whole period of research. The received hematological profile is the basic characteristic of the state of health of horses in the research enterprise.

Mathematical modeling of grain mictures in optimatization tasks of the dump bunker’s kinematic parameters

Typically, in the technological processes of agricultural production, machines and equipment are used, where self-loading containers, bunkers, operating on the principle of natural gravitational leakage of friable, grain materials are used for transportation or overload of bulk materials. But the use of such components is justified only for use in the process of harvesting maize ears in the swaths and provided that the start is fed to the collecting hopper of the combine harvester, and after filling it is overloaded in the technological transport by the principle of “dump truck”. When trying to go beyond these limitations to increase transportation or overload of bulk materials, there are objective difficulties that arise from the freezing and sticking of the bulk material in the absence of the gravitational leakage phenomenon. As part of the study described in this article, an analytical description of overcoming these difficulties is proposed. It is based on the fact that the analytical equations of motion of a grain mixture, such as quasi-liquids, allow taking into account the bunker’s turn around the fastening axis during unloading of the grain mixture. This analytical approach allows us to further substantiate the kinematic parameters of self-propelled bunkers of harvesting machines. The mode of the technological process of unloading the dump of the hopper with grain material with a minimum unloading time is analyzed. This means that the obtained scientific result in the form of the equation of motion of a grain mixture, as quasi-liquids, on a sloping plane is interesting from the theoretical point of view. From the practical point of view, the analytical equations of motion of the grain mixture, such as quasi-liquids, allow us to determine the conditions of use of combine harvesters in the technology of plant production. Thus, the applied aspect of using the obtained scientific result is the possibility of improving the typical technological process of harvesting agricultural crops. This is a prerequisite for the transfer of technological solutions to agro-industrial production.

ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ВЫРАЩИВАНИЯ И ЕЁ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА УРОЖАЙ И КАЧЕСТВО ПЛОДОВ АРБУЗА

In modern farming systems the basis of the technology of cultivation of crops, becomes the regulation of the physical properties of the soil, the moisture supply of plants, the control of weeds, diseases and pests. Therefore, the introduction of resource-saving elements of technology for the care of watermelon crops, allowing to obtain stable yields remain relevant at this stage of development of market relations. It has been established that in order to increase the yield of watermelon fruits, it is necessary to carry out up to 4 cultivations that promote soil aeration and the destruction of weeds during the period of growth and development of plants. It was revealed that the best is differential watering, in which the standard yield is from 92.8% to 96.8%. Based on the systematization of the scientifically-based data obtained, the VNIIOOB staff developed OST 10316-2002 Food melons. Typical technological process, whichis approved and put into operation in Russia.