Typical Profile Research Articles

Formation mechanism and control strategy of M-shaped and W-shaped profile defects in hot rolling of aluminum plate

Good profile is one of the important control objectives in hot rolling of aluminum plate. However, M-shaped profile defect often appears for wide aluminum plate and W-shaped profile defect often appears for narrow aluminum plate. In order to reveal the formation mechanism of the two typical profile defects, the evaluation indexes of the M-shaped profile defect and W-shaped profile defect are proposed, and the roll-plate coupling deformation model and the roll thermal expansion model are established. The effects of rolling force, bending force and work roll thermal expansion on the profile are analyzed using these models. The results show that the rolling force and bending force has little effect on M-shaped profile defect, and the main reason for this problem is the uneven thermal expansion of work roll. Meanwhile, the W-shaped profile defect is produced under the combined action of the roll thermal expansion and large roll deflection, and the roll thermal expansion is the necessary condition for the formation of W-shaped profile defect. The greater the thermal crown of the roll, the smaller the rolling force and the greater the bending force, the more obvious the W-shaped profile defect. Based on the above conclusions, industrial tests were carried out. By increasing the cooling flow in the middle of the roll, the frequency of M-shaped profile defect decreases from 29.4% to 9.0%. Meanwhile, by increasing the positive shifting of CVC rolls, reducing the bending force, and decreasing the cooling flow of work roll at the edge of the plate, the frequency of W-shaped profile defect decreases from 42.1% to 14.1%. The profiles of the hot rolled aluminum plates are effectively improved by the developed control strategies.

A dataset of Gansu soil species based on the Second National Soil Survey

Based on the results of the Second National soil Survey, Gansu Soil Species was established to accumulate systematic, standardized and quantitative data of soil classification as a solid foundation for the development of soil science in Gansu province.This dataset is based on the processing and integration of Gansu Soil Species published by Gansu Science and Technology Press in 1992. The original data and information of 285 soil species in the book (e.g. attribution and distribution, main characters, production performance summary, physical and chemical properties of profiles) are extracted and collected in a standardized, structured and digital way, integrated with 8 specialized subject data tables indexed by species ID and species name, and conducive to the development of online query, including soil species classification, distribution and characteristics of main soil types, basic information and distribution of soil species, sampling sites and occurrence layers of typical profiles, statistical physicochemical properties of typical profiles and soil species profiles, etc. This dataset can be widely used in regional land quality assessment, environmental effect research, soil carbon storage research, etc., providing significant scientific support for the promotion of new agricultural technology and rational utilization of soil resources.

PREVENTION OF BULLYING IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

The phenomenon of bullying in educational institutions represents a threat to the entire educational endeavor and can manifest itself both physically and verbally, socially or online. The protagonists of bullying are: the aggressor, the victim and the observer. The typical profile of the aggressor is that of an irritable person, with poor self-control, vindictive, rigid, and the typical profile of the victim is that of a vulnerable, silent, solitary, insecure person, there being the submissive and defiant victim category. The effective prevention of bullying actions is possible in a multidisciplinary team effort, and the process must take place on multiple levels: individual, family, school, class, relational, curricular, by involving all professional and civil organizations, interest groups and companies that have a relationship with the school and students, including social services and organizations dealing with health and crime.

A review on hypothalamo-pituitary- adrenal axis

The effector hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis neuroendocrine system are the glucocorticoid hormones cortisol and corticosterone.The level of corticosterone, a systemic intercellular signal, changes dynamically with environmental and psychological stressors and predictably varies with time of day. A wide range of physiological and mental health issues are linked to irregularities in the typical HPA axis activity profiles. Despite several investigations that have uncovered molecular, cellular, and systems-level glucocorticoid actions to date, more glucocorticoid actions, and connections with clinical state, need to be discovered. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis feedback regulation may be compromised due to reduced mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)-mediated feedback in the brain. Medicinal herbs and their compounds have been shown to have a preventative impact against depression through a variety of ways. Medicinal plants can provide fresh ideas for antidepressant medication research.

Deficiency of Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Induces Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiomyopathy in Zebrafish

Lipid metabolism dysfunction is related to clinical disorders including obesity, cancer, liver steatosis, and cardiomyopathy. Impaired lipolytic enzymes result in altered release of free fatty acids. The dramatic change in dyslipidemia is important in lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) catalyzes the lipolysis of triacylglycerol to reduce intramyocardial triglyceride levels in the heart and improve myocardial function. We examined the role of ATGL in metabolic cardiomyopathy by developing an Atgl knockout (ALKO) zebrafish model of metabolic cardiomyopathy disease by continuously expressing CRISPR/Cas9 protein and atgl gene guide RNAs (gRNAs). The expressed Cas9 protein bound to four gRNAs targeting the atgl gene locus, facilitating systemic gene KO. Ablation of Atgl interfered with lipid metabolism, which induced hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. ALKO adults and embryos displayed hypertrophic hearts. ALKO presented a typical dilated cardiomyopathy profile with a remarkable reduction in four sarcomere genes (myosin heavy chain 7-like, actin alpha cardiac muscle 1b, myosin binding protein C3, and troponin T type 2a) and two Ca2+ handling regulator genes (tropomyosin 4b and ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 2b). Immune cell infiltration in cardiac tissue of ALKO provided direct evidence of advanced metabolic cardiomyopathy. The presently described model could become a powerful tool to clarify the underlying mechanism between metabolic disorders and cardiomyopathies.

Unsupervised recognition and prediction of daily patterns in heating loads in buildings

This paper presents a multistep methodology combining unsupervised and supervised learning techniques for the identification of the daily heating energy consumption patterns in buildings. The relevant number of typical profiles is obtained through unsupervised clustering processes. Then Classification and Regression Trees are used to predict the profile type corresponding to external variables, including calendar and climatic variables, from any given day. The methodology is tested with a variety of datasets for three different buildings with different uses connected to the district heating network in Tartu (Estonia). The three buildings under analysis present different energy behaviors (residential, kindergarten and commercial buildings). The paper shows that unsupervised clustering is effective for pattern recognition since the results from the classification and regression trees match the results from the unsupervised clustering. Three main patterns have been identified in each building, seasonality and daily mean temperature being the variables that have the greatest effect. The results concluded that the best classification accuracy is obtained with a small number of clusters with a classification accuracy from 0.7 to 0.85, approximately.

Multiscale and multiphysics production forecasts of shale gas reservoirs: New simulation scheme based on Gaussian pressure transients

Common numerical solutions for production rate forecasting of shale reservoirs have a limited capability to describe the dynamics of fluid mass transfer during a pressure depletion cycle due to production with hydraulically fractured well systems. The pressure drawdown imposed by the well system triggers continuous expansion of free gas in the larger pores, while molecular diffusion predominates in the smaller pores. The declining reservoir pressure leads to the closure of larger pores, which gives further significance to molecular diffusion as a component of the mass transport process. To capture these multiphysics mechanisms, pressure-diffusion and molecular-diffusion forms of the diffusivity equation, discretized in space and time, were simultaneously solved to simulate mass transfer dynamics and kinematics in shale formations. This new approach uses a Gaussian probability function to describe the advance rate of both types of diffusion processes, creating a unique scheme for simulating shale gas reservoirs based on physical parameters that could be either measured or characterized. The adopted algorithms successfully provide solutions that can match the typical shale production profiles. Results are sensitive to the essential reservoir parameters of pressure depletion, matrix permeability, organic content, and local heterogeneity. The simultaneous solution of molecular and pressure diffusivity equations reveals their interdependencies. The production peaks early and then rapidly declines with a growing effect of pore compaction. The flux of the sorbed phase contributes to the production rate by some factor that is determined by the sorption capacity of the organic matter. The methodology provided in this study can be utilized to simulate mass transport in shale reservoirs and predict hydrocarbon production rates, which may greatly aid asset management decisions and maximization of the ultimate recovery.

Moral Foundations for the Feelings of Shame and Pride Regarding the Native Country

The feelings of shame and pride regarding the native country are important in the context of the problem of civic identity; therefore, they are of growing interest on the part of sociologists and psychologists. Given the moral nature of these emotions, their analysis based on one of the most authoritative approaches in the psychology of morality, moral foundations theory, seems relevant and justified. The purpose of this study was to analyze the moral foundations for the feelings of shame and pride regarding the native country. The online survey involved 752 subjects (49.9% men) aged 16-73 (mean age M = 42, SD = 10.87). A new version of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ-2) was used to assess the moral foundations. The feelings of shame and pride regarding the native country were assessed using a questionnaire tested in previous sociological and psychological studies. Data processing was carried out using exploratory factor analysis, linear regression analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of the regression analysis on the factors of shame and pride regarding the native country showed that the moral foundations play an important role in these feelings among the inhabitants of Russia. However, a specific set of predictors is determined by what exactly is the subject of pride or shame. In general, the moral foundations of loyalty and authority are of the greatest importance for pride, while liberty and equity are most important for shame regarding the native country. Using the latent profile analysis, we identified typical profiles of moral foundations associated with age. A small group (14% of the sample) of relatively young respondents with an individualistic profile of moral foundations demonstrated a significant predominance of shame over pride regarding their native country. The other two groups with a traditionalist and a moderate profiles of moral foundations were characterized by a balance (or approximate equality) of pride and shame regarding their native country. The results of the study contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of the moral factors of patriotic education based on the formation of a feeling of pride in the country.

Flow physics and boundary layer optimization over a NACA airfoil by camber morphing at subsonic speeds

In this paper, the variable camber morphing strategy is adopted in a NACA airfoil through computational investigation to enhance the lift to drag ratio ([Formula: see text] specifically for military UAV applications. The typical mission profile is also focused on enhancing the aerodynamic performance of the UAV during various flight segments by variable camber morphing. The airfoil camber is changed dynamically at different instances based on the mission profile requirements thereby altering the [Formula: see text] characteristics. The concept of bio-inspired aerodynamics has received a greater attention in recent years because of the proven nature oriented real-time application. Hence, the concept of bio-inspired variable camber morphing is proposed herein that minimizes the use of unconventional control surfaces to attain the required performance at different segments of flight. MQ9 Reaper UAV model is chosen to implement the proposed variable camber morphing strategy at the mission flight segments. NACA 4412 cambered airfoil has been considered as the baseline model airfoil for the present study because of its higher zero lift angle characteristics. The lower camber of the airfoil section is changed from 1% to 3% at different angles of attack (AoA) for the time instances such as 1[Formula: see text]s, 2[Formula: see text]s and 3[Formula: see text]s, respectively. The lift coefficient ([Formula: see text] of the airfoil is also significantly increased through camber morphing at different flight segments during each time step with negligible flow separation as observed through streamline patterns. Hence, the friction drag coefficient is also retained under optimum level as concluded through the boundary layer profiles.

Bending crashworthiness of bionic thin-walled structures inspired by sugar cane stalks

Recently, the design of biologically inspired thin-walled structures has been increasingly popular due to the successful adaptation of biological organisms to their environments due to millions of years of evolution. Plants with high bending resistance to counter the effect of wind forces on slender and tall stalks can be found in nature. To this end, this paper investigates the bending crashworthiness of mechanical structures inspired by sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum). The biological patterns of sugar cane were obtained with a Scanning Electron Microscope, and five bionic thin-walled structures (BTWS) were considered. In all cases, the structures were modeled with 6063-T5 aluminum and numerically evaluated using the finite element method using a three-point bending test. The effects of cross-section configuration on the crashworthiness performance of the structure were investigated. Our results show a better version of the BTWSs relative to a typical circular profile. An increase in energy absorption from 15.60% to 40.27% was computed. The best CFE performance was obtained for a structure defined by a central octagon surrounded by smaller trapeziums. Such a structure is therefore highly recommended for bending crashworthiness applications.

Does the urologist keep a central place in the medical information delivered to patients?

Although urologists play an essential role in informing patients, with the ever-increasing use of modern media, a wealth of information sources is now available. The aim of this study was to identify the different sources of information available to urology patients, assess the scale of use of the internet and social networks in this group, and establish the profile of patients for whom a high level of information is crucial. A questionnaire was given to 500 patients consulting the urology department of a university hospital. Out of the 500 questionnaires, 372 were analysable; the average age of respondents was 62.9years; 73% were men; 66.9% said they used the internet; 57% had received an explanatory document such as an French Urology Association information leaflet, 32.5% had received information from the paramedical team, 28.2% from their regular doctor, 28.2% from health-related websites and 5.9% from the website developed by the French Urology Association. Although 80.3% of patients thought that information received from the urologist was satisfactory, 53.2% of patients would like to receive more information. We did not identify any factors allowing us to determine the typical profile of patients seeking more information. Urologists seem to retain their central role in informing patients, but almost half of patients were still seeking additional information after their urology consultation. The increasing use of the internet should encourage urologists to use these new media resources to optimise the information supplied to patients.

Machine-learning prediction for hospital length of stay using a French medico-administrative database

ABSTRACT Introduction: Prolonged Hospital Length of Stay (PLOS) is an indicator of deteriorated efficiency in Quality of Care. One goal of public health management is to reduce PLOS by identifying its most relevant predictors. The objective of this study is to explore Machine Learning (ML) models that best predict PLOS.Methods: Our dataset was collected from the French Medico-Administrative database (PMSI) as a retrospective cohort study of all discharges in the year 2015 from a large university hospital in France (APHM). The study outcomes were LOS transformed into a binary variable (long vs. short LOS) according to the 90th percentile (14 days). Logistic regression (LR), classification and regression trees (CART), random forest (RF), gradient boosting (GB) and neural networks (NN) were applied to the collected data. The predictive performance of the models was evaluated using the area under the ROC curve (AUC).Results: Our analysis included 73,182 hospitalizations, of which 7,341 (10.0%) led to PLOS. The GB classifier was the most performant model with the highest AUC (0.810), superior to all the other models (all p-values <0.0001). The performance of the RF, GB and NN models (AUC ranged from 0.808 to 0.810) was superior to that of the LR model (AUC = 0.795); all p-values <0.0001. In contrast, LR was superior to CART (AUC = 0.786), p < 0.0001. The variable most predictive of the PLOS was the destination of the patient after hospitalization to other institutions. The typical clinical profile of these patients (17.5% of the sample) was the elderly patient, admitted in emergency, for a trauma, a neurological or a cardiovascular pathology, more often institutionalized, with more comorbidities notably mental health problems, dementia and hemiplegia.Discussion: The integration of ML, particularly the GB algorithm, may be useful for health-care professionals and bed managers to better identify patients at risk of PLOS. These findings underscore the need to strengthen hospitals through targeted allocation to meet the needs of an aging population.

In-place fiber-optic inclinometer based on a vertical cantilever beam and dual FBGs

Inclinometers are commonly used in boreholes to monitor the profile of land/soil displacement, which is vital in geotechnical engineering. A new in-place fiber-optic inclinometer (FOI) is developed based on a vertical cantilever beam and dual fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). This FOI is characterized by its robust design, bidirectional large range, multiplexing capability, and push-pull configuration with temperature insensitivity. A pair of pre-stretched FBGs with different reflection wavelengths are respectively glued on the opposite surfaces of a vertical cantilever beam with tip mass to form a push-pull structure, which is further encapsulated by a solid cylinder made of aluminum alloy. Calibration tests of the proposed inclinometer are performed in the laboratory to examine its measurement performance, revealing a measurement sensitivity of ∼ 0.1 nm/°, resolution of ∼ 0.01°, and a maximum bidirectional measurement range of ± 30°. The numerically calculated sensitivity based on actual parameters agrees well with the experimental result. Furthermore, three inclinometer units are connected by spacers to conduct an assembled inclinometer test in the laboratory, four typical profile patterns are validated with a sensing error of <6.73 %.

New perspectives on temporal changes in occupancy characteristics of residential buildings

Occupancy patterns are key elements in improving our understanding of building energy usage and implementing demand-oriented strategies to reduce energy consumption. Occupancy pattern is changed over time driving by multiple factors, but there are lacks of research to reveal its temporal change. We analyzed occupancy pattern of residential building based on time-use survey (TUS) data, and compared data from the years 2008 and 2017, to reveal temporal changes in occupancy patterns and to explore the influencing factors of behavioral change. In this study, occupancy patterns on workdays and weekends were distinguished and categorized. Clustering analysis, function fitting, and correlation analysis were used to identify typical occupancy profile of residential building in 2008. Occupancy duration, influencing factors, and distribution curves were compared between 2008 and 2017 to reveal changes and to clarify personnel-related factors affecting occupancy patterns. The length of time Chinese residents spent in their homes was revealed to have increased from 18.35 to 20.31 h on workdays and decreased from 20.73 to 20.01 h on weekends. Further, residents shifted from the living room to the bedroom, in their homes. The age of family members was positively correlated with the length of time spent at home. Also, education level and employment status were inversely proportional to the length of time spent at home. These results deepen our understanding of occupancy patterns and are of great significance for analyzing future trends and their impacts on energy consumption in residential buildings.

Effect of roof and wall material on energy usage for house cooling system in hot-humid climate

A model of a typical townhouse in Surabaya is simulated using building energy simulation software to analyse the energy consumption for cooling due to a severe climate. The assessment focused on the internal heat effects caused by the wall and roof material to meet the thermal comfort in a hot-humid climate region. A baseline building was a one-story building for one family with the typical load profile in Surabaya applied. The insulation thickness and material composition of the wall and roof were varied, whereas the internal cooling system was maintained at 25.5oC by the air-conditioning system. Results are presented and compared in terms of the annual energy consumption to meet the Indonesian standards for buildings. The best optimisation shows that the implementation of the insulation in the model can lower the annual energy consumption and conserve the energy by 37%.

Field Experimental Study on the Infiltration and Clogging Processes at Aksu Research Site, Kazakhstan

The challenge of a good quality drinking water supply to southeastern Kazakhstan’s local population from far-away natural surface water sources motivates groundwater utilization from local aquifers. To prevent groundwater resource deficits, artificial groundwater recharge is needed. To this end, infiltration and clogging processes were evaluated through comprehensive field research in southeastern Kazakhstan’s typical river drainage basin (Aksu experimental site). The infiltration scenario included constructed mini pools and their typical soil profile clogging and silting processes. The local aquifer unsaturated and upper saturated zones underwent a detailed study of water balance, hydrodynamic setting, and filtration properties. The research results suggest that the infiltration rate decreased from 15 m/day until the saturation steady state and remained at 0.75 m/day until the end of the experiment. In summer, clogging layers with thicknesses ranging from 3 mm for the clayey silt layer to 6 mm for muddy clay began to form at the mini pools nearly one month after the test began. During infiltration, the mini pools’ upper soil layer dirt-holding capacity varied from 3.72 to 5.25 kg/m2. The field study results serve as a factual basis for artificial replenishment system design and groundwater replenishment methodology optimization in southeastern Kazakhstan and similar regions.

Understanding of groundwater evolution through chemical and age dating information in the Yongding River alluvial fan in Beijing

Groundwater plays important roles in human community development and the urbanization process as the results of global environmental change and rapid population growth. A clear understanding of the vertical and horizontal spatial distribution characteristics of groundwater and sediment is the premise of efficient groundwater resource management and utilization in alluvial plains. To explore the evolution process of groundwater and the distribution of sediment in the Yongding River (YDR) alluvial fan, a typical profile from Mentougou to Fengheying was chosen to conduct an extensive hydrogeological investigation with multiple hydrochemical, isotopic, and age dating analyses, which represents one of the most typical hydrogeological units in the YDR alluvial fan. The analysis results show that (i) along the profile, the water’s chemistry type gradually changes from HCO3-Ca·Mg to HCO3-Na. The contents of coarse grain gradually decrease while fine particles regularly increase. Also, a similar evolution trend is found in the vertical direction. (ii) The annual renewable rate of groundwater is &amp;gt; 10% in the upper fan, 2%–8% nearby Daxing, and &amp;lt; 2% in Fengheying. (iii) In the proximal fan area, the average flow velocity of the single and double layer is about 65 m yr−1 and of approximately 18.9 m yr−1. From the mid fan to distal fan, the value of velocity and hydraulic conductivity decreases from 12.4 m yr−1 to 3.75 m yr−1 and from 8.54 m yr−1 to 0.64 m yr−1, respectively. (iv) The 14C analysis results indicate that the age of shallow and deep groundwater ranges from 5a to 60a and from 4000a to 12000a, respectively. The groundwater age increases with depth in the vertical direction and increases from northwest to southeast along in the alluvial fan in the horizontal direction. Understanding the evolution process of sediment and hydrochemistry in the YDR alluvial fan provides a valuable reference for groundwater resource development, utilization, and pollution prevention in the alluvial fan.

Continuity versus change in latent profiles of emotion regulation and working memory during adolescence

Significant structural and functional brain development occurs during early adolescence. These changes underlie developments in central neurocognitive processes such as working memory (WM) and emotion regulation (ER). The preponderance of studies modeling trajectories of adolescent brain development use variable-centered approaches, omitting attention to individual differences that may undergird neurobiological embedding of early life stress and attendant psychopathology. This preregistered, data-driven study used latent transition analysis (LTA) to identify (1) latent profiles of neural function during a WM and implicit ER task, (2) transitions in profiles across 24 months, and 3) associations between transitions, parental support, and subsequent psychopathology. Using two waves of data from the ABCD Study (Mage T1 = 10; Mage T2 = 12), we found three unique profiles of neural function at both T1 and T2. The Typical, Emotion Hypo-response, and Emotion-Hyper response profiles were characterized by, respectively: moderate amygdala activation and fusiform deactivation; high ACC, fusiform, and insula deactivation; and high amygdala, ACC, and insula response to ER. While 69.5 % remained in the Typical profile from T1 to T2, 27.8 % of the sample moved from one profile at T1 to another at T2. However, neither latent profiles nor transitions exhibited associations between parental support or psychopathology symptoms.

Propagation and intensity of blast wave from hydrogen pipe rupture due to internal detonation

The coupled fluid-structure-rupture model was developed to study the propagation and intensity of blast wave from hydrogen pipe rupture due to internal detonation. The dynamic rupture of pipe and propagation of blast wave were well coupled together in every timestep during the simulation. The numerical model was validated with experiments in terms of both typical rupture profiles and blast overpressures. Results reveal that crack branching of pipe can dramatically increase the rupture opening rate which controls the intensity and shape of the resultant blast wave. Due to the process of crack initiation and extension, the blast wave out of the pipe first forms and then is strengthened by the subsequent compression waves. This makes the maximum peak overpressure appears at a certain standoff distance above the rupture. Despite consuming some percentages of energy, the dynamic rupture of pipe generally presents positive effects (up to 2–3 times) on the blast wave intensity along the jetting direction due to the convergence effect of rupture opening on the release of internal high-pressure gas. Finally, through defining normalized overpressure and impulse based on the same hydrogen detonation in open spaces, the quantitative influences of pipe rupture on the blast wave intensity in cases of different detonation pressures and standoff distances are clarified.

International financial integration and economic growth in developing and emerging economies: an empirical investigation

This paper explores the relationship between international financial integration (IFI), external vulnerability and economic growth. It proposes a taxonomy of typical IFI profiles and applies it to a sample of 90 developing and emerging economies (DEEs) for the 1992–2016 period using a dynamic panel data model. Drawing from a Post Keynesian and Structuralist analytical framework, it argues that what matters for economic growth is less the degree of IFI per se and more the profile, or “quality,” of this integration. The results suggest that DEEs which succeed in integrating into global financial markets under a more balanced and autonomous profile may experience, at best, negligible benefits for economic growth, while a more financially dependent and vulnerable profile exacerbates the risks of financial globalization, undermining growth in the long run. Moreover, the growth path in the latter tends to be more affected by external financial shocks, even though systemic shocks also impact the former.