Typical Period Research Articles

A IMPORTÂNCIA DO CUIDADO FARMACÊUTICO NO TRATAMENTO DA DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO I EM CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES

Introduction: Childhood and adolescence are the typical periods of onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1), marked by hyperglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis. This autoimmune disease is characterized by the infiltration and destruction of insulin-secreting cells in the islets of Langerhans by lymphocytes. The fundamental role of pharmaceutical professionals in the care of patients with DM1 is essential, their involvement encompassing the management of blood glucose levels, the recommendation of appropriate dosage regimens, the recommendation of lifestyle changes and the selection of medications based on individual needs, safety, cost and efficacy. Objective: The aim of this study was to highlight the importance of the pharmacist’s role in controlling and monitoring DM in children and adolescents.. Methodology: This was a literature review carried out using materials published in databases between 2019 and 2024. Results: The pharmacist, as a qualified professional with experience in handling and managing medicines, plays a crucial role in monitoring patients with DM. Final considerations: In addition to handling medications and monitoring treatment, pharmacists provide essential guidance on the proper use of insulin and other medications, ensuring the safety and effectiveness of treatment.

Inhomogeneous MHz-scale intensity noise in double-pass fiber amplifiers

Abstract Here we report about the first demonstration of periodic MHz-scale inhomogeneous relative intensity noise (RIN) induced in double-pass fiber amplifiers. An Er:Yb-doped double-pass fiber amplifier operating near 1570.2 nm and stable continuous-wave single-frequency radiation source are used for the demonstration. The periodic structure of RIN has typical period of units of MHz observed in the range of 0–50 MHz and is formed in the radio-frequency spectrum of the amplified signal. It was found that the key factor influencing period of the RIN structure is spacing between the active fiber and a reflector forming the double-pass amplifier configuration. The population dynamics gratings formed in the active fiber are considered to be responsible for the formation of the periodic RIN structure. Here we investigate an influence of various factors on the period and positions of the RIN structure maxima. The results obtained can be used for designing single-frequency double-pass fiber amplifiers.

Using extreme value theory to take better account of peak demand when generating typical periods by clustering for district heating networks design optimisation

Using extreme value theory to take better account of peak demand when generating typical periods by clustering for district heating networks design optimisation

Extended Platelet-Rich Fibrin as a Membrane for Lateral Window Sinus Lifts: A Case Series.

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is being increasingly utilized in surgical procedures due to various improvements in clinical outcomes. More recently, a heating process to denature albumin in the platelet poor plasma (PPP) layer has been shown to extend the resorption time of PRF from a typical 2-week period to 4-6 months. Because of its > 4 month resorption properties, extended PRF (e-PRF) membranes have been used in dentistry as an alternative to collagen membranes in alveolar ridge preservations, ridge augmentations, soft tissue grafting, and as a barrier membrane in lateral sinus grafting procedures. A total of 22 patients from 3 different clinical facilities participated in this multicenter case series study. All clinicians completed a standard lateral window sinus technique with sticky bone utilizing allograft, xenograft, or autologous dentin with an e-PRF membrane utilized for sole coverage of the lateral window. The survival rate at second stage implant surgery (~6 months) and radiographic analysis determined on consecutive radiographs: (1) the mean residual bone height (RBH) under the maxillary sinus at implant placement and (2) the change in endosinus bone level, were calculated to assess the endosinus bone changes at 6 months. Between June 2022 and December 2023, 22 patients were included in this study. Patients included 12 women and 10 men with a mean age of 58.8 years, ranging from 32 to 78 years. In 22 lateral window sinuses completed, a total of 31 implants were placed. All patients healed uneventfully without any post-operative complications. Post-op CBCTs were taken at 6 months to demonstrate successful sinus floor augmentation and to calculate endosinus gain. No soft tissue invagination was encountered in any of the study participants nor displacement of the graft material into the buccal mucosa. In one case highlighted in this study, the e-PRF membrane was utilized to repair a sinus perforation. The average 6-month post-operative sinus height was 12.3 mm with a mean change in endosinus bone gain of 8.0 mm. Utilizing extended-PRF membranes in place of collagen membranes for coverage of the lateral window during sinus floor elevation was shown to be a successful treatment modality in this case series. These findings provide new opportunities utilizing denatured albumin membranes in implant dentistry and paves the way for additional applications. The material is 100% autologous, low cost. This is the first case series study highlighting its novel use for coverage of the lateral window during sinus grafting. Larger longitudinal studies are now needed with comparison to standard resorbable membranes as well as long-term follow-up of implants placed into sites grafted with e-PRF membranes.

Short-term load forecasting method based on multiple meteorological factors and improved TCN-LSTM

Abstract Effective scheduling plans, optimized energy deployment, and grid stability assurance hinge on precisely forecasting short-term power loads. Therefore, this paper introduces an innovative approach to short-term load forecasting that integrates meteorological factors with an enhanced TCN-LSTM methodology. Firstly, the impact of meteorological factors on loads is quantified using Pearson’s phase relationship, facilitating the identification of meteorological input variables for the short-term load forecasting model. Secondly, a novel time-series convolutional neural network (TCN) tailored to power load characteristics is developed. The introduction of a network structure adapted to the characteristics of power loads improves the TCN model, enabling the effective capture of the long-term dependence and short-term fluctuation in load data. Finally, the paper details the construction of the improved TCN-LSTM model for short-term load forecasting. The new vectors, formed based on the load data features extracted by the improved TCN, are used as inputs for LSTM for load forecasting. The proposed short-term load forecasting method is validated using load-meteorological data from a typical period in a specific area, and the results demonstrate a notable enhancement in forecasting.

The key metabolite of fruit flavor change in different ripening stages of Baccaure ramiflora

Baccaurea ramiflora has an unstable ripening period. Herein, five typical periods of fruit ripening of ‘LR’ Baccaurea ramiflora were analyzed by non-targeted metabolomics techniques. The results showed that ripening started 73 days after flowering and reached the ripening criterion at 93 days, a total of 451 differential metabolites were identified for the five periods. KEGG enrichment pathway showed that significant changes in citric acid were significantly correlated with changes in the downstream substance spermine (R2 = 0.9068, y = −5.49 + 0.66×), while citric acid (R2 = 0.9982) and spermine (R2 = 0.9841) were negatively correlated with the sugar-acid ratio. Citric acid was the main component of titratable acid and spermine (R2 = 0.9991) was positively correlated with titratable acid. We speculated that citric acid is a key taste marker for fruit ripening in ‘LR’ B. ramiflora. The results of the study provide new metabolic evidence for flavor changes and scientific basis for their quality improvement and exploitation in B. ramiflora.

Spectra of solar shallow-water waves from bright point observations

Context. Rossby waves, large-scale meandering patterns drifting in longitude, detected in the Sun, were recently shown to a play a crucial role in understanding “seasons” of space weather. Unlike Earth’s purely classical atmospheric Rossby waves, the solar counterparts are strongly magnetized and most likely originate in the tachocline. Because of their deeper origin, detecting these magnetized Rossby waves is a challenging task that relies on careful observations of long-lived longitudinally drifting magnetic patterns at the surface and above. Aims. Here, we have utilized 3 years of global, synchronous observations of coronal bright point densities to obtain empirical signatures of dispersion relations that can be attributed to the simulated waves in the tachocline. By tracking the bright point densities at selected latitudes, we computed their wave-number × frequency spectra. Methods. Wave-number × frequency spectra were computed utilizing the Wheeler-Kiladis method. This method has been extensively used in the identification of equatorial waves in Earth’s atmosphere by highlighting spectral peaks in the wave-number × frequency space. Results. Our results are compatible with the predictions of magneto-Rossby waves with typical periods of several months and inertio-gravity waves with typical periods of a few weeks, depending on the background magnetic field’s strength and stratification at the convection zone base. Our analysis suggests that magnetized Rossby waves originate from the tachocline toroidal field of ≲15 kG. Global observations of bright points over extended periods will allow us to better constrain the stratification and magnetic field strength in the tachocline.

Characterizing the Broadband Reflection Spectrum of MAXI J1803-298 during Its 2021 Outburst with NuSTAR and NICER

MAXI J1803-298 is a transient black hole candidate discovered in 2021 May during an outburst that lasted several months. Multiple X-ray observations reveal recurring “dipping” intervals in several of its light curves, particularly during the hard/intermediate states, with a typical recurrence period of ∼7 hr. We report analysis of four NuSTAR observations of the source, supplemented with NICER data where available, over the duration of the outburst evolution covering the hard, intermediate, and the soft states. Reflection spectroscopy reveals the black hole to be rapidly spinning (a * = 0.990 ± 0.001) with a near edge-on viewing angle (i = 70° ± 1°). Additionally, we show that the light-curve dips are caused by photoelectric absorption from a moderately ionized absorber whose origin is not fully understood, although it is likely linked to material from the companion star impacting the outer edges of the accretion disk. We further detect absorption lines in some of the spectra, potentially associated with Fe xxv and Fe xxvi, indicative of disk winds with moderate to extreme velocities. During the intermediate state and just before transitioning into the soft state, the source showed a sudden flux increase, which we found to be dominated by soft disk photons and consistent with the filling of the inner accretion disk, at the onset of state transition. In the soft state, we show that models of disk self-irradiation provide a better fit and a preferred explanation to the broadband reflection spectrum, consistent with previous studies of other accreting sources.

Optimisation of Animal Handing and Timing of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose PET Tumour Imaging in Mice

PurposeIn humans, 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) tumour-to-background contrast continues to increase long after a typical uptake period of 45 – 60 min. Similar studies have not been performed in mice and the static imaging time point for most studies is arbitrarily set at 30 – 60 min post-injection of [18F]FDG. Ideally, static PET imaging should be performed after the initial period of rapid uptake but this period has not been defined in mice, with previous dynamic studies in mice being limited to 60 min. This study aimed to define the kinetics of [18F]FDG biodistribution over periods of 3 – 4 h in different murine tumour models, both subcutaneous and autochthonous, and to further refine fasting and warming protocols used prior to imaging.ProceduresDynamic [18F]FDG PET-CT scans lasting 3 or 4 h were performed with C57BL/6 J and Balb/c nude mice bearing subcutaneous EL4 murine T-cell lymphoma and Colo205 human colorectal tumours, respectively, and with transgenic Eμ-Myc lymphoma mice. Prior to [18F]FDG injection, four combinations of different animal handling conditions were used: warming for 1 h at 31 °C; maintenance at room temperature (20 – 24 °C), fasting for 6 – 10 h and a fed state.ResultsTumour mean standardised uptake value (SUVmean) peaked at 147 ± 48 min post injection in subcutaneous tumours and 74 ± 31 min in autochthonous Eμ-Myc lymphomas. The tumour-to-blood ratio (TBR) peaked at 171 ± 57 and 83 ± 33 min in subcutaneous and autochthonous Eμ-Myc tumours, respectively. Fasting increased tumour [18F]FDG uptake and suppressed myocardial uptake in EL4 tumour-bearing mice. There was a good correlation between tumour SUVmean and Ki calculated using an input function (IDIF) derived from the inferior vena cava.ConclusionsDelayed static [18F]FDG-PET imaging (> 60 min) in both autochthonous and subcutaneous tumours in improved tumour-to-background contrast and increased reproducibility.

Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on granite failure using acoustic emission test

Rock subjected to freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles may experience alterations in integrity and potentially impact its strength. This study investigates the effects of F-T cycles on granite by analyzing the acoustic emission (AE) signals recorded during uniaxial compression tests, characterizing the damage responses of the granite influenced by repeated F-T cycles. The results indicate significant reductions in uniaxial compression strength (UCS) and P-wave velocity as the number of F-T cycles increases. AE analysis reveals progressive damage accumulation, characterized by distinct stages of microcrack development. A parameter, AE energy intensity, is introduced to describe the failure process, showing that the typical AE quiet period in the failure stage is absent in granite pretreated with F-T cycles. Using the superlet transform method, AE frequency and amplitude are analyzed, revealing amplitude evolutions in three frequency domains. The results show that decreasing portions of signals in the high-frequency domain for granite are influenced by F-T cycles. These findings enhance understanding of rock degradation under F-T cycles, offering valuable implications for rock engineering in cold regions.

Two Types of Intraseasonal Variability With a Vertical Difference in the Currents East of Luzon Island and Their Sources

AbstractIntraseasonal variabilities (ISVs) of the western boundary currents (WBCs) east of Luzon Island were explored using acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements from three moorings at 18°N during 2018–2020. Besides the traditionally known surface‐intensified ISV, subsurface‐intensified ISV with a typical period of approximately 60 days was also detected in the currents, and the strongest signal appeared between 400 and 800 m. Further analysis indicates that they are highly associated with subsurface eddies. Based on their lifespan, subsurface eddies are classified into two categories: short‐lived and medium‐to long‐lived eddies. The short‐lived eddies are primarily generated locally near the eastern coast of Luzon Island, whereas the medium‐to long‐lived eddies are mainly generated away from the western boundary, in the region west of 135°E. Additional energy diagnosis suggests that baroclinic instability induced by the velocity shear of the North Equatorial Current (NEC)/subtropical countercurrent (STCC) system dominates the generation of medium‐to long‐lived subsurface eddies in the interior ocean, while barotropic instability and baroclinic instability play a comparable role in the generation of short‐lived eddies near the eastern coast of Luzon Island.

Chemical Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Environmental Driving Factors of Groundwater in Hetao Irrigation Area

To explore the chemical characteristics and environmental factors of groundwater in the Hetao Irrigation Area of Inner Mongolia, five irrigation fields, including UulanBuh, Jiefangzha, Yongji, Yichang, and Wulat, were selected as the research area. From 72 groundwater observation wells, a total of 216 groundwater samples were collected throughout three typical periods： the end of freeze-thaw （March）, the middle of irrigation （July）, and the end of autumn watering （November）. Comprehensive methods were utilized, such as statistical analysis, Piper three-line diagram, Gibbs diagram, ion ratio, and principal component analysis, to explore the changes in the groundwater chemical environment and the environmental driving factors of groundwater component formation. The groundwater drinking suitability was evaluated using the water quality index （WQI）, and the irrigation suitability was analyzed using the USSL and Wilcox plots. The results indicated that the groundwater in the research areas was generally saline, and the total anion and cation concentrations in each period in ascending order were as follows： late freeze-thaw stage, late autumn irrigation stage, and mid-irrigation stage, with Na+ and Cl- being the major contributing ions. The chemical type of groundwater was dominated by Cl-Na, followed by Cl·SO4-Ca·Mg and a coexistence with SO4-Ca·Mg, HCO3·Cl-Na, HCO3-Na, and HCO3-Ca·Mg. Based on WQI values, the shallow groundwater in Hetao Irrigation District was mainly classified as Class IV and Class V, and the quality was poor in general. According to the USSL diagram and Wilcox diagram, the comprehensive evaluation results showed that the salinity and sodium concentration of shallow groundwater in the irrigation area were generally high. A total of 80.6% of the water samples during the late freeze-thaw period, 76.1% during the mid-irrigation period, and 77.6% during the late autumn irrigation period lacked irrigation suitability. Two major controlling factors of groundwater chemical characteristics were present in the study area, namely, evaporation and rock weathering, and Na+ and Cl- mainly came from the dissolution and cation exchange of salt rocks. Agricultural irrigation and drought were the chief driving factors of groundwater chemical evolution in the Hetao Irrigation Area. The study provides technical support for optimizing agricultural management measures and a theoretical reference for rational utilization of groundwater resources in the Yellow River irrigation area of Inner Mongolia.

Intelligent models for early Autism detection from MRI images

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental conditions that usually manifest during childhood. It is a multi-symptom disorder, and its symptoms overlap with several other disorders. The early detection of these disorders is conducive to more successful treatment outcomes, as treatment is more effective before the disorder becomes severe. However, the conventional diagnostic procedures are quite time-consuming, with a typical confirmation period of several months with different specialists in speech and neurology. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), specifically machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), have demonstrated considerable potential in addressing the diagnostic challenges associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). In this paper, we propose a range of machine learning models, including a support vector machine (SVM), convolutional neural network (CNN), residual networks (ResNet), and vision transformers (ViT), to detect ASDs based on magnetic resonance images (MRI). The SVM model, in terms of accuracy, outperforms the other similar works, achieving a score of 94.03%.

Dynamics of small metazooplankton in relation with environmental factors: A 12-year study in the coastal zone of the Southwestern Crimea (the Black Sea)

Based on continuous 12-year (2010–2021) monitoring of the average summer abundance of small metazooplankton (SMZ) in the coastal zone of the Southwestern Crimea, the patterns of its interannual fluctuations were investigated. The total SMZ abundance during the study period varied from 37.8 to 176.0 thousand·m−3 in the open coastal area (on average, 104.0 ± 49.2 thousand·m−3) and from 90.3 to 556.8 thousand·m−3 at the bay mouth (on average, 264.5 ± 121.0 thousand·m−3). The crustacean fraction accounted for 85–91% of the total SMZ abundance. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a noticeable contribution of 48 % of total temperatures and wind speed and different direction repeatability to the SMZ abundance variability. For native data, significant relationships were revealed between the abundance of individual SMZ fractions and hydrometeorological parameters: total temperatures of the warm period of the year (May–October), periodicity of the southern and southwestern, northern winds, calm conditions (events of the absence of wind), and the summer index of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) with a 1-year lag. The application of fast Fourier transform (FFT) with a Hamming filter to the original series and periodograms analysis allowed revealing typical periods of variability in SMZ abundance and hydrometeorological parameters of the environment: 2–4-year and 5–6-year ones. At these scales, a higher number of significant relationships was established with the indicated hydrometeorological parameters, inter alia winter and summer NAO indices, than during the analysis of the original series. The total contribution of hydrometeorological and climatic factors to the variation in the abundance of SMZ increased to 78–79 %. This confirms the assumption that the relationship between SMZ and environmental parameters is characterized by its own features at different scales. Analysis of long-term SMZ different fractions tendencies for Summer 2010–2021, according to the Mann-Kendall criterion, did not show significant results.

FPSO ROLL MOTIONS DRIVEN BY SECOND-ORDER FORCES AND THE IMPACTS ON SLWR RISER DESIGN

Abstract The dynamic behavior of risers is highly influenced by the FPU motions, associated with environmental loads, caused by waves, current and wind. Particularly, as well known, under potential flow modelling, wave loads may be represented through power series expansions, with respect to a small parameter ε. First-order wave forces pulsate in the frequency range of the incident wave spectra, whereas second-order wave forces are related to sum or difference frequencies of the same spectra. The so-called second-order difference frequencies forces may then be responsible by resonating motions of the vessel in that range. Significant low-frequency motions due to second order forces are commonly observed in the horizontal plane, resonating low natural frequencies of moored floating systems characterized by low mooring stiffnesses. Recently, however, this phenomenon was also observed for roll motions in several new FPSOs that will operate in the Pre-Salt of Santos Basin. The phenomenon had already been detected in a deep draft semi-submersible in Campos Basin, but only more recently in FPSOs. The new floating units are characterized by high roll natural periods, above the typical wave period range in the pre-salt region, and the roll response to the second-order difference frequencies forces can be significant. This phenomenon was indeed detected in model tests and confirmed by numerical studies. In fact, this additional FPSO roll behavior occurs in typical periods slightly above 20 s, imposing displacements and accelerations that can directly affect the dynamics of the riser top region. The present paper addresses this phenomenon and its possible impact on steel lazy-wave riser (SLWR) designs.

Risk factors for persistent postoperative opioid use: an entity distinct from chronic postsurgical pain

Despite a decline in opioid prescriptions over the past decade, patients commonly receive opioid analgesics as a treatment for postoperative pain in the USA. One complication that patients may experience...

Eating habits of students during a typical exam period-Case of Kosovo

The exam period is a stressful period for students, which often influences them to make wrong food choices. This study examines the eating habits of students during a typical exam period, to understand their food patterns or dietary choices, in a period when they have greater stress due to the high academic demands at the university. The 200 students of different academic levels at the University of Prishtina participated in this research. Data have been compiled through online questionnaires where the respondents were asked to anonymously declare their health status, the number of meals they take per day during a typical exam period, their food preferences, physical activity, and sleep. Results showed that Kosovar students have unhealthy eating habits during exam periods. They have a disorder in the time and number of meals they take during the day on a typical exam period, compared to other periods of the year. The findings of this research contribute to the existing literature related to dietary habits of students in stressful periods, providing knowledge for students and addressing the issue of education for healthy nutrition in educational institutions.

Abstract P362: The Associations of Neighborhood Social and Built Environments with Ambulatory Blood Pressures in Young Adults of the Georgia Stress and Heart Cohort

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is an assessment method in which BP measurements are taken at regular intervals when individuals are awake and asleep, during a typical 24-hour period. Thus, ABPM is an accurate and effective way to measure BP. Neighborhood social and built environments play an important role in health, which were previously associated with cardiovascular risk factors. However, the effects of neighborhood social and built environments on ABPM is understudied, particularly among young adults and African Americans. The current study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional associations between neighborhood social and built environments and ABPM in our Georgia Stress and Heart Cohort consisting of 543 participants, aged 29.1 ± 3.6 years, 49.7% African American and 51.2% female. There were found to be consistent positive associations of neighborhood social and built environments with 24-hour systolic BP (SBP), 24-hour diastolic BP (DBP), daytime SBP, daytime DBP, nighttime SBP, and nighttime DBP ( p ≤0.01, respectively), after the adjustment for age, race and sex. Neighborhood factors such as Median Household Income and College Graduation held the negative associations with measurements of 24-hour SBP, 24-hour DBP daytime SBP, daytime DBP, nighttime SBP, nighttime DBP, and 24-hour SBP ( p ≤0.01, respectively). This study is one of the first to report the relationship between neighborhood social and built environments and ABP, particularly in young adults and African Americans residing in the US southeastern region. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to further support the findings of the current study.

Response of hydrodynamic environment to land reclamation in Sanmen Bay, China over the last half-century

Sanmen Bay (SMB) is one of the important harbors in Zhejiang Province. It is a semi-enclosed shallow bay that has undergone large-scale land reclamation activities. Long-term reclamation has changed the hydrodynamic conditions of SMB, such as tide, residual current, tidal prism, water exchange capacity, and tidal asymmetry. In this study, three typical periods of numerical models, based on historical charts and remote sensing, were established to investigate the influence of reclamation activities on the hydrodynamic conditions of SMB from 1971 to 2020. These model results reveal that the amplitude and phase of M2, the main tidal components in SMB, decreased by ~0.1–0.3 m and ~ 5°–15°, respectively, over the last half-century. Additionally, under the influence of ~200 km2 reclamation, many hydrodynamic conditions in SMB also changed. This includes the reduction of a residual current and tidal prism, an increase in residence time, and a change in tidal asymmetry characteristics. The residence time in nearby Xiayangtu exhibited a downward trend from 2003 to 2020, because land reclamation squeezed, and thus, enhanced the residual current eddy. The water-exchange capacity of the bay became weaker with the reduction of tidal prism to one-third and an increase in residence time. The tidal asymmetry characteristic of SMB changed from half of flood dominant to fully flood dominant by the influence of shoreline and bathymetry, which raised the flood risk. Research on the response of the hydrodynamic environment to reclamation activities in SMB reminds the local government to reassess the impact of land reclamation on the hydrodynamic environment.

The Impact of Transitional Shock on Newer Nurses in a Contemporary Healthcare Environment.

The aim of this study was to understand newer nurses' perception and expectations of their work environment, professional and institutional satisfaction, and motivating/decision-making factors around nursing and intent to leave their positions. Studies have shown newly graduated nurses face many challenges transitioning from a student to an independently practicing nurse. The COVID pandemic complicated this transition and created new stressors resulting in discouragement and turnover for newer nurses. This study used a qualitative approach through purposive sampling, semistructured qualitative interviews, and content analytic techniques. Transitional Shock Theory was used as the theoretical framework. Four themes emerged from the study: 1) confronting the reality; 2) betrayal/mistrust; 3) relational integrity; and 4) enablers of clinical competence. The findings will help nurse leaders understand the importance of organizational-level supports to improve the transition of newer nurses in typical periods and in times of additional stress.