Types Of Narratives Research Articles

Zelensky’s most notable war instrument: the use of ‘reels’ on Instagram

This study analyzes social media publications, in particular Instagram reels, by the President of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky during the Ukrainian War to demonstrate the reach of this audiovisual narrative type for crisis communication and their utility as a war tool. Since Russia invaded Ukraine on February 24th 2022, Zelensky has been very active on social media. This is particularly the case on Instagram, where he has over 17 million followers. Zelensky’s previous professional background as a successful actor and audiovisual producer qualifies him to publish technically and persuasively high-quality videos on Instagram. This investigation analyzes 2,175 videos (also known as reels) from Zelensky’s official Instagram profile during the first year of the war (2022). The analysis of data suggests that the Ukrainian leader has built a remarkable audiovisual discourse through social media. He has done this by implementing a professional media strategy that appears to have its roots in the production of fiction and entertainment. For example, institutional videos are published at a chronological time compatible with international media agendas. Zelensky’s images with the uppermost number of views are released at the end of the day and also achieve the highest number of ‘likes’. Furthermore, he uses short spoken videos (which we have termed ‘emotional speeches’) to address Ukrainian citizens. At the end of the day, like Franklin D. Roosevelt’s infamous ‘fireside chats’, Zelensky lowers his tone of voice to convey his message of hope and strength to his people whilst looking straight and unwaveringly into the camera. This research adds to the extant literature available on risk and crisis communication.

The Backstory to "Swaying the Public": A Design Chronicle of Election Forecast Visualizations.

A year ago, we submitted an IEEE VIS paper entitled "Swaying the Public? Impacts of Election Forecast Visualizations on Emotion, Trust, and Intention in the 2022 U.S. Midterms" [50], which was later bestowed with the honor of a best paper award. Yet, studying such a complex phenomenon required us to explore many more design paths than we could count, and certainly more than we could document in a single paper. This paper, then, is the unwritten prequel-the backstory. It chronicles our journey from a simple idea-to study visualizations for election forecasts-through obstacles such as developing meaningfully different, easy-to-understand forecast visualizations, crafting professional-looking forecasts, and grappling with how to study perceptions of the forecasts before, during, and after the 2022 U.S. midterm elections. This journey yielded a rich set of original knowledge. We formalized a design space for two-party election forecasts, navigating through dimensions like data transformations, visual channels, and types of animated narratives. Through qualitative evaluation of ten representative prototypes with 13 participants, we then identified six core insights into the interpretation of uncertainty visualizations in a U.S. election context. These insights informed our revisions to remove ambiguity in our visual encodings and to prepare a professional-looking forecasting website. As part of this story, we also distilled challenges faced and design lessons learned to inform both designers and practitioners. Ultimately, we hope our methodical approach could inspire others in the community to tackle the hard problems inherent to designing and evaluating visualizations for the general public.

구비문학에서 노인 여성의 형상과 역할 - <팥죽할멈>과 <마고할미>에서 일상 세계의 기호로서의 ‘할머니’ -

This paper begins with the recognition that research on elderly women in oral literature is sparse, with many of the existing studies overly focused on the concept of the “great mother goddess”. In response, this study explores the world of “grandmothers” from an intrinsic perspective —focusing on the characters, the story creators, and participants—rather than from the logic of religion(or folklore). It addresses the following questions: “Where are grandmothers(Chapter 2)? What do they do(Chapter 3)? What are the effects of their actions(Chapters 4 and 5)?” This study selects two stories, Patjuk Halmeum and Mago Halmi, in which grandmothers appear as central figures in the narrative world. To compare the two narrative types, the study also references The Grandmother of Dajagu(Dajagu Halmeum). In these two stories, the elderly women exhibited relatively limited mobility. They have remain in the confines of their homes, villages, or fixed locations for extended periods. In these places, they engage in continuous, habitual activities, the processes and outcomes of which are embedded in the text. This phenomenon is referred to here as “thick sedimentation”. The thick sedimentation is not merely the passage of time, but involves forming relationships with objects and shaping the environment. For instance, the grandmother in Patjuk Halmeum mobilizes objects through her habitual act of making and sharing food, ultimately defeating the tiger. In Mago Halmi, while the character is recognized as a divine being —such as a giant goddess or creator deity—her creative acts are rooted in mundane, physical activities such as labor and excretion, rather than transcendent powers. Through habitual and repetitive bodily actions, these women interact with objects and materials, overcome crises and alter their natural world. In these two folktales in which elderly women are prominent, they act upon matter and nature through their prolonged connection to the places where they have lived. Grandmothers form long-term relationships with objects, transforming them, and transforming themselves. This dynamic challenges the dichotomy of passivity and activity, best described by the phrase “being that does without doing.” In these stories, the elderly women are symbols of everyday existence, transforming themselves and their surrounding realities through material interactions within the quotidian world.

Implementation of National Defense in the Modern Era: Challenges and Strategies to Support National Security

Implementing National Defense in the modern era has its own challenges in supporting national security. In the modern era full of security dynamics and challenges, the role of technology and innovation is crucial in supporting national security strategies. This research aims to explain how technology has changed the security paradigm, discussing key aspects such as monitoring and detection, communication and information, cyber strategy, and the development of modern weapons. The research method used is a narrative review type literature review method with data collection techniques using Publish or Perish and Google Scholar. The research results show that the use of advanced technologies such as AI, sensors and encrypted communication systems has provided significant advantages in dealing with complex threats. The research method used is a quantitative approach with a literature review design. The findings show that the challenges in implementing National Defense are not easy because there are several factors that influence the implementation of National Defense and strategies that support national security. The conclusion of this article is that technology in the modern era has advantages in supporting national security and facing non-military threats.

THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF WAR: HOW SOCIETY SHAPES WAR NARRATIVES

This article explores the complex nature of war as a social phenomenon and analyzes how society shapes the narrative of war. Using the theoretical framework of social constructivism, the article demonstrates that war narratives are not merely a collection of objective facts but rather social constructs shaped by various factors. The study identifies the main factors contributing to the formation of war narratives, such as propaganda and enemy image creation by the political elite, selective coverage and emotional influence by the media, cultural factors (history, religion, traditions), and the influence of various social groups (family, peers, social organizations). The article examines four main types of war narratives: heroic, victim, just war, and dehumanization narratives. It analyzes how each narrative portrays the parties involved in the war, the causes and consequences of war, and the moral dimension of war. It shows that the type of narrative influences public attitudes towards war, support for it, mobilization, and motivation. Furthermore, the article discusses in detail the social consequences of war narratives. It demonstrates that narratives can both strengthen and weaken social cohesion, deepen social inequality, normalize violence, and cause psychological trauma. The research findings emphasize the importance of the critical analysis of war narratives to better understand the social dimension of war, its impact on society, and the prevention of its consequences.

Від реалізму до модернізму: тема рекрутчини у творчості Марка Вовчка, Лесі Українки та Василя Стефаника

Conscription is a phenomenon that painfully resonated in the minds of Ukrainians and was reflected in the works of writers of different artistic generations, in particular in the story "Two Sons" by Marko Vovchok (1861-1862), the story "The Loner" by Lesya Ukrainka (1894), and the short story "Taken from the Village" by Vasyl Stefanyk (1897). The study aims to analyze the stylistic features of the works united by a common topic- the theme of a conscript, but written by different authors in different periods of literary development. Methodology. In realizing the goal, the primary method used was the stylistic analysis of a literary text. Because of the comparative orientation of the work, comparative methods of literary analysis (typological and comparative, genetic and contact, and thematological and recipe) were used. In addition, cultural-historical, narratological, semiotic, intertextual, and intermedial methods of analyzing literary texts were used. Theoretical basis of the study: the theory of French realism; scientific works of literary critics devoted to comprehending literary style as a theoretical and literary problem; realism and expressionism as artistic phenomena. Research results. The article shows how, in the process of artistic interpretation by writers of the second half of the nineteenth century, the theme of the conscription was transformed, in particular, psychologized with emphasis on social aspects (Marko Vovchok, Lesya Ukrainka) and ontologized (V. Stefanyk). The author analyzes the stylistic features of literary texts with attention to the following poetic and stylistic elements: plot and storyline, narration (type of narrator / storyteller), composition, timeframe, hero-character, psychologism, techniques and methods of visualization, drama, emotionality index, etc. The research focuses on the specifics of the manifestation of the philosophy of the moment ("being here and now" - M. Heidegger) in different styles of fiction. The study focuses on the parallels between Ukrainian and French realism, particularly the development of realist aesthetics and poetics (the emergence and establishment of realism and neorealism). Conclusions. The story "Two Sons" by Marko Vovchok is realistic; it is the realism of the stage of formation of his aesthetics and poetics (the text is "in the process" of developing the technique of realistic writing; poetic elements of romanticism and sentimentalism are interspersed in realistic poetics). Lesya Ukrainka's short story "The Loner" is also realistic. However, it is the realism of the late nineteenth century, organic in the system of modernism (neorealism): a perfect realistic writing technique is combined with expressionistic means and techniques of artistic depiction. The short story "Taken from the Village" by V. Stefanyk is a modernist expressionist text. The study highlights the evolution and establishment of nineteenth-century artistic styles: realism, which transitioned into neorealism, and expressionism, a modernist movement originating in the late nineteenth century and gaining prominence in the twentieth century. It demonstrates that the concept of "being here and now" (philosophy of the moment) is a key stylistic element in realist and modernist (expressionist) aesthetics.

UNRELIABLE NARRATIVE STRATEGY IN AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL WRITING – THE CASE OF SPARE BY PRINCE HARRY

The paper problematizes unreliable narration in autobiographical writing, exploring the rhetorical effects produced in the process of narrativization that challenge genre conventions in terms of the relativization of objective reality in subjective interpretations. Therefore, the paper analyzes discordant and estranging narration as the outcome of textual effects and the rhetorical layering produced by the author-narrator. The theoretical grounds for the exploration of the types of unreliable narration involves a discussion on authorial fictionalization, the role of fictionality in non-fiction as the rhetorical veil between story and narrative discourse, and textual and figurative narcissism. Illustrations come from Spare (2023), the memoir authored and published by Prince Harry, The Duke of Sussex, and his ghostwriter J. R. Moehringer. Keywords: discordant narration, metafiction, autobiography, memoir, textual narcissism, figural narcissism, fictionality, non-fiction.

TV Series Based on Video Games as a Crossing Point of Narrative Forms

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in creating TV series based on video games. They are based on the audiovisual aesthetics of popular games and turn them into television shows. This paper examines the interaction between the two types of screen narratives through a comparative analysis of genre, development of main characters, and plot in three examples. ‘Halo’ (2022) draws inspiration from the main storylines in the popular game but adds new ones and makes changes to the characters' features, making the story more understandable for the TV audience. This is required by the genre of the video game, which relies on fight scenes and limits the possibilities for interpretation. ‘The Last of Us’ (2023) is an example of a successful video game adaptation, as the series not only preserves the visual aesthetic of the source material, but also faithfully recreates the main characters, their features and relationships. ‘The Witcher’ (2019) is an adaptation of both books and games. As the plot develops, the episodes move away from the essence and the source material, which negatively affects the viewer's perception. The examples in this article indicate that there is no one universal method to adapting a videogame into a television production, and the particular approach is chosen depends on both the creators of the series, the specifics of the videogame and the extent to which it is suitable for adaptation. However, all three case studies highlight the importance of the visual code of the source material for its truthful adaptation into a TV series.

Reducing transphobia with the narratives of transgender YouTubers

YouTube has emerged as a valuable resource for trans people to get themselves heard. It also has the potential to help mainstream audiences to understand more about transgender’s lives. Following Contact, Narrative Persuasion, and Queer Intercultural Theories, two experiments were conducted among cisgender people to investigate which types of narratives (positive, neutral, or negative) shared by trans YouTubers are more effective for reducing prejudice towards trans people, and whether this effect depends on the YouTuber’s gender (Study 1) and/or their ethnic background (Study 2). Results from Study 1 (N = 254) show that negative narratives mediate the reduction of prejudice through narrative transportation, empathy, and intergroup anxiety. Trans women’s narratives are more effective for prejudice reduction. Study 2 (N = 161) replicates these findings and shows that xenophobia moderates the aforesaid effect if trans YouTubers are from different nationalities. Consequently, different prejudices might interact in the reception of LGBTQ+ narratives.

Failing the state self: on the politics of state shame

Abstract Observers have noted that world politics is replete with shame. Whether they observe this concerning the apologies regarding past atrocities, the felt necessity for revenge after a humiliating defeat, the feelings that populist leaders find antithetical to the greatness of their nation, or the affective responses to the latter's election, shame seems to be ubiquitous. Vital to understanding the particular politics of this emotion is the concept of state shame. However, the origins, divergent effects, and social and moral roles of state shame are left obscure in International Relations (IR) scholarship, making the concept undertheorized and in need of further elaboration. The primary goal of this research is to (re)conceptualize state shame as a narrative on the social position of the state by building on insights developed by IR theory, sociology, and social psychology. Moreover, the article proposes four types of state shame narratives, namely situational shame, narcissistic shame, aggressive shame, and deferential shame, that can separately account for the divergent effects and social and moral roles that the emotion can be attributed with. These four types, and the politics that characterize them, aim to capture and explain lived practices and meanings that state shame can come to hold.

Narratives of worth: analyzing the effects of worthy and anti-immigrant narratives on immigration attitudes

ABSTRACT Political elites use contrasting narratives about immigrants to shape public attitudes and influence immigration policy support. This study examines how pro- and anti-immigrant narratives affect public preferences for reducing immigration in the United States. Using two distinct samples – a non-Hispanic White sample from YouGov and a racially diverse sample from NORC – the experiment reveals that exposure to these narratives significantly shapes attitudes toward immigration. Effects vary depending on the type of narrative, as well as respondents’ political affiliations and racial backgrounds. Specifically, the pro- (‘worthy’) immigrant narrative, which portrays immigrants as hardworking, law-abiding members of the in-group, reduces support for lowering immigration levels, especially among White respondents, with Republicans and Independents showing the greatest shift. In contrast, the anti-immigrant narrative, which characterizes unauthorized immigrants as undeserving outsiders, increases support for reducing immigration across racial groups. This research advances our understanding of how political rhetoric shapes public attitudes toward immigration by employing large, diverse samples and realistic portrayals of pro- and anti-immigrant narratives.

Understanding coaches’ perspectives on building trust in sport: a narrative inquiry approach

ABSTRACT Quality relationships between coaches and their team members play an important role in promoting individual and team-level outcomes. Trust has been identified as a key feature of these quality relationships, yet little research exists examining how these trusting relationships can be built. By adopting a narrative inquiry approach, we sought to elicit coaches’ stories on their (a) perceived approaches to building trust with team members (i.e. coaching staff, athletes) and (b) life experiences that shaped their approaches. We recruited 18 Canadian interuniversity coaches who engaged in semi-structured interviews which we analysed using a two-phase storyanalyst approach (thematic narrative analysis and holistic-form structural). From these conversations, we found that coaches drew from one of two context-situated narratives with regard to initial trust development: ‘It needs to be given’ and ‘It needs to be earned’. When sharing stories about trust maintenance, however, all coaches drew upon a third context-situated narrative: ‘It needs give and take’. Coaches’ stories were then situated within higher-order narrative types (e.g. performance, stability). Altogether, our findings illuminate the personal and social complexities of building trust from the coach perspective, while reinforcing the importance of developing trusting relationships within sport teams.

“I” Value the Future, but “We” Value the Past: The Impact of Self‐Construal on Nostalgia Versus Forestalgia Narrative Ads

ABSTRACTMarketers often use narrative ads as a powerful tool to shape consumer attitudes. These ads deliver key messages through storytelling, but what makes a story effective in the eyes of the consumer remains largely unexplored. Using a Facebook field study and a series of four experimental studies, we examined the interaction between the narrative's temporal type (nostalgia vs. forestalgia) and the characters' self‐construal (interdependent vs. independent) on consumer attitudes. Drawing on regulatory focus theory and regulatory fit theory, we found that consumers prefer forestalgia (vs. nostalgia) narrative ads when paired with an independent (vs. interdependent) character. In addition, this effect was mediated by narrative transportation, which enhanced consumers' attitudes toward the ad. These findings advance our understanding of effective narrative advertising and offer practical insights for marketers by highlighting the importance of aligning the narrative temporal type with the character's self‐construal to create more impactful ads.

THE ROLE OF THE AUTHOR, NARRATOR, AND CHARACTERS IN NARRATIVE TEXTS

This article discusses the types of narrators, the role of the author, the narrator, and the characters in literary works, focusing on their distinctive features as well as their similarities and differences. It also examines the methods employed by writers to influence readers, with examples from literary works.

Youth Is Going to Study in a Metropolis: How Not to Stay Alone

The needs of young people who have moved to study from other cities are often overshadowed by numerous studies of international students, traditionally considered by sociologists and practitioners to be among the most vulnerable groups. In this article, we focus on the migration paths of out-of-town students in megacities and what they face on their way to discovering a new city. The aim is to reconstruct scenarios of social inclusion for nonresident students. How and in what way do young people cope with feelings of isolation and loneliness, and is it really becoming a problem for them? In conceptualizing the scenarios, we rely on the "social drama" approach. By social inclusion scenarios we understand idealized models that summarize similar narratives of student youth about the period of moving to a big city and the way to find their place in it, having their own scenario with a lead, main action and a finale. We interpret social inclusion with reference to the modern debate on citizenship, understood as a wide field of youth involvement, not limited to politicized forms. This article uses the results of a qualitative analysis of 63 interviews with students who moved to study at two universities - the Higher School of Economics in St. Petersburg and KFU in Kazan. In each case an average of 31 interviews was conducted with graduate and undergraduate students. We distinguish 6 scenarios associated by the type of plot with film genres. In each of the identified scenarios we record different types of narratives related to experiences of loneliness or isolation in the first months or even years of acquaintance with a new city.

Seen and named in narratives: denizens of hell in the early Middle Ages

This article discusses a special type of narrative: encounters with named individuals in hell. The catchment is broad (Homer to Dante) but the focus is on the early Middle Ages. Philological and literary techniques elucidate and reinterpret a number of important visionary texts, Anglo‐Saxon, Merovingian, and Carolingian. Boniface, Ep. 115 re‐emerges as a woman’s vision. Gregory of Tours, DLH 8.5 (Guntram’s banquet of 585), where Chilperic is sighted, finds a place within the Roman tradition of the dark or terrifying banquet and the dangerous telling of dreams. In the Visio Pauperculae (terminus post quem = 3 October 818), Queen Irmengard’s torture is reinterpreted by reference to the NT and to contemporary legal realia. An argument is made for an old emendation that required a romantic and courtly reading, including a fuzzy connection to Dante’s Inferno 5.

Associations of Microbiota and Nutrition with Cognitive Impairment in Diseases

Background/Objectives: Recent research highlights the growing interest in the impact of nutrition on cognitive health and function in disease, as dietary habits are increasingly recognized as crucial factors in relation to brain function. This focus is especially important given the rising prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases and the cognitive decline associated with poor dietary choices. Links are now being sought between brain function and the microbiota and gut–brain axis. Mechanisms are proposed that include low-grade chronic neuroinflammation, the influence of short-chain fatty acids, or the disruption of glial cells and transmitters in the brain. Methods: We reviewed the articles on pubmed. This is not a systematic review, but of the narrative type. We wanted to outline the issue and summarise the latest information. Results: The axis in question has its foundation in nutrition. It has been reported that diet, particularly the components and the timing of food intake, has an impact on cognitive processes. The Mediterranean diet is most often cited in the literature as being beneficial to health. In order to obtain a more complete view, it is worth considering other dietary patterns, even those that impair our health. Conclusions: Determining what is beneficial and what is not will allow us to develop a speronized strategy for the prevention of, and fight against, cognitive impairment. Appropriately selected supplements, the functions of which we have also discussed, may prove supportive.

“I can’t tell you what freedom is ’cause I’ve never seen it”: Addressing the Omission of Liberation Narratives in Sociology

ABSTRACT While liberation, or the process of freeing marginalized individuals and groups from societal oppression and domination, is referenced across many sub-disciplines of sociology, it surprisingly remains under-conceptualized in sociological literature. To address this omission, the present study responds to the following query: how, if at all, do Black individuals conceive of a Black liberated future? I draw on data from 65 in-depth interviews with Black Millennials during Black Lives Matter to capture their imaginings of a Black liberated future. Findings reveal that participants construct four types of liberation narratives when detailing their perceptions of Black freedom: 1) Liberation via Reformation, 2) Liberation via Reconstruction, 3) Liberation via Afrocentrism, and 4) Liberation as Inconceivable. I ultimately argue that liberation narratives function as resistant knowledge projects and, as such, are significant socio-political artifacts and resources for future generations of change agents, community organizers, and social movements actors. Altogether, this study demonstrates how rectifying the omission of liberation narratives magnifies our sociological knowledge about marginalized groups and deepens our analytic capacity to make sense of their ontological approaches toward politics of liberation and imaginings of their collective futures.

Psychosocial disorder or rational action? Contrasting professional and pupil narratives of school exclusion

ABSTRACT Over the last five years, the Excluded Lives team has been examining the patterns and processes of school exclusions across the UK in order to identify those factors which may exacerbate or reduce exclusions. One of most the striking aspects is the contrasting accounts of the causes of exclusion provided by professionals and pupils. Drawing on interview data from 29 school-based professionals and 16 excluded pupils in Wales, the paper analyses the different discourses which underpin their respective narratives. Professional accounts draw on discourses of vulnerability – seeing their pupils’ behaviour as symptomatic of some underlying malaise, typically as victims of adverse socio-economic and familial circumstances. Pupils’ accounts, on the other hand, are not about underlying ‘causes’, but about the specific circumstances of the ‘offence’. In their accounts, they are neither vulnerable nor victims. Indeed, they present their actions as rational – sometimes even heroic – responses to their situation. In drawing out this contrast, the paper does not seek to privilege one type of narrative over another – for both contain ‘truths’. However, it concludes that the hierarchy of credibility might need to be rebalanced in favour of the pupil if pupil-professional dialogue is to progress and trust be fostered.

Narrative Accounts of Youth and Their Mothers With Chronic Headache: Application of a Socio-narratology Framework to Pain Narratives.

This study was the first to apply a socio-narratology framework to the narratives about child pain as told by youth with chronic pain and their parents, all of whom experience chronic headaches. Storytelling is a powerful social transaction that occurs within systems (eg, families, clinical encounters) and is both shaped by, and can shape, the pain experience. Narrative can be harnessed as a clinical tool to aid in the ability to listen, understand, and improve clinical encounters. Twenty-six youth (aged 11 to 18y) and their mothers, both with chronic headaches, recruited from a tertiary level pediatric pain clinic separately completed in-depth interviews about children's pain journey narratives. Data were analyzed using narrative analysis, which incorporated elements of socio-narratology to compare similarities and differences between and within dyads' narratives. Five narrative types were generated: (1) The trauma origin story-parents, but not youth, positing traumatic events as the causal link to children's pain; (2) mistreated by the medical system-neglect, harm, and broken promises resulting in learned hopelessness or relying on the family system; (3) the invalidated-invalidation of pain permeated youth's lives, with mothers as empathic buffers; (4) washed away by the pain-challenges perceived as insurmountable and letting the pain take over; and (5) taking power back from pain-youth's ability to live life and accomplish goals despite the pain. Findings support the clinical utility of narrative in pediatric pain, including both parents' and youths' narrative accounts to improve clinical encounters and cocreate more youth-centred, empowering narratives.