Typical Korean Research Articles

Ginsenoside content in berry and root of three typical Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng) cultivars

In this study, we treated ginseng roots and berries to observe the amount of ginsenoside in different cultivars of Korean ginseng. The trend of ginsenosides content in the root was not same as the ginsenosides content in the berry, though in both cases the ginsenosides Re was higher compared with other irrespective of cultivars. But the Re content in the berry was 4–6 times more than Re content in the root. Averaged across all the cultivars, the relative abundance of the five ginsenosides within the roots was Re (3.0mg/g)> Rg1(2.0mg/g)>Rb1(1.5mg/g)>Rc(1.1mg/g)>Rd(0.42mg/g). The cultivar Yeonpoong (red berry color) was the most potential ones in terms of ginsenosides content in the root as this cultivar produced the highest amount of all ginsenosides followed by the cultivar Chenpoong (pink color berry) and the lowest ginsenosides content cultivar was the cultivar Gumpoong (yellow color berry). The amount of ginsenosides content especially Rb1(0.8mg/g), Re (13.0mg/g) and Rg1 (0.59mg/g) was much more in the cultivar Yeonpoong compared with other two cultivars.

Daily intakes of naturally occurring radioisotopes in typical Korean foods

The concentrations of naturally occurring radioisotopes ( 232Th, 228Th, 230Th, 228Ra, 226Ra, and 40K) in typical Korean foods were evaluated. The daily intakes of these radioisotopes were calculated by comparing concentrations in typical Korean foods and the daily consumption rates of these foods. Daily intakes were as follows: 232Th, 0.00–0.23; 228Th, 0.00–2.04; 230Th, 0.00–0.26; 228Ra, 0.02–2.73; 226Ra, 0.01–4.37 mBq/day; and 40K, 0.01–5.71 Bq/day. The total daily intake of the naturally occurring radioisotopes measured in this study from food was 39.46 Bq/day. The total annual internal dose resulting from ingestion of radioisotopes in food was 109.83 μSv/y, and the radioisotope with the highest daily intake was 40K. These values were same level compiled in other countries.

Chemical Tracer Method for Measurement of Flow Rates in Closed Conduits

Thermal output in a nuclear power plant is verified by a calorimetric heat balance on the secondary system of the power plant. The calorimetry involves the precise measurement of the feed water flow rate which should be designed to have ±1:0% of uncertainty. However, the indication of feed water flow rate obtained by a differential pressure measurement across a venturi can be affected by instrument errors, fouling, or a poorly developed velocity profile. These factors can lead to an inaccurate mass flow rate and consequently, an inaccurate estimate of power. The purpose of this study is to develop verification methods with accuracy better than ±0:5% for high-precision flow measurement to be used for measuring feed water flow rate. Such an improvement saves electric power. For a typical Korean nuclear power plant of 1,000MW, 10MW would be potentially saved. This chemical tracer method is a testing process using a tracer, which can be applied to quantify losses in electrical output caused by incorrect measurement of feed water flow rate. This method has a good response to changes in the flow rate. An accuracy better than 0.5% is expected for feed water flow measurement, provided that the feed water system is stabilized during the test.

South Korea's Way to the Future

South Korea leads the world in access to broadband services; as of early 2006, 83 percent of households had broadband, compared to roughly 45 percent in the US. Not coincidentally, the country also leads in the transition to digital music sales via digital rights management (DRM) software. In fact; the past decade has seen South Korea's music scene change dramatically. It once had 8,000 music stores; now, it has 400 - partly because of the Asian financial crisis of the late 1990s, but mostly due to the change in music distribution patterns. South Korea is also the first country in which online music sales exceeded CD sales in value. According to The Korea Times, South Koreans spent 400 billion won buying music from traditional stores in 1999; by 2005, that number was down to 108 billion won whereas online music purchases had reached 262 billion won. The exchange rate is roughly 1,000 won to every US dollar, so converting the word "billion" to "million" gives US readers an idea of what's going on in a country one-sixth the US s size and with 1 /15th of its gross domestic product. A typical South Korean mobile phone is a camera as well as a music player, and some include video players, stored value cards, and full keyboards. South Korea's ringtone market alone is larger than its CD market - ringtones brought in US$336 million in 2004, for example. Consumers can buy unlimited music downloads for $5 per month or broadband service for $20 per month - and they're about to have a new form of interoperability among music vendors

Chemical Tracer Method for Measurement of Flow Rates in Closed Conduits

Thermal output in a nuclear power plant is verified by a calorimetric heat balance on the secondary system of the power plant. The calorimetry involves the precise measurement of the feed water flow rate which should be designed to have ±1:0% of uncertainty. However, the indication of feed water flow rate obtained by a differential pressure measurement across a venturi can be affected by instrument errors, fouling, or a poorly developed velocity profile. These factors can lead to an inaccurate mass flow rate and consequently, an inaccurate estimate of power. The purpose of this study is to develop verification methods with accuracy better than ±0:5% for high-precision flow measurement to be used for measuring feed water flow rate. Such an improvement saves electric power. For a typical Korean nuclear power plant of 1,000MW, 10MW would be potentially saved. This chemical tracer method is a testing process using a tracer, which can be applied to quantify losses in electrical output caused by incorrect measurement of feed water flow rate. This method has a good response to changes in the flow rate. An accuracy better than 0.5% is expected for feed water flow measurement, provided that the feed water system is stabilized during the test.

Feasibility of a constructed wetland and wastewater stabilisation pond system as a sewage reclamation system for agricultural reuse in a decentralised rural area

The performance of a constructed wetland (CW) and wastewater stabilisation pond (WSP) system for sewage reclamation and paddy rice irrigation in a decentralised rural area was examined using a feasibility study. The CW was satisfactory for sewage treatment, with good removal efficiency even in the winter period, but the effluent concentration was relatively high in the winter period owing to the high influent concentration. The CW effluent was further treated in a WSP and the WSP effluent was considered safe for crop irrigation with respect to sewage-borne pathogens. Reclaimed water irrigation did not adversely affect the yield of rice; on the contrary, it resulted in an approximately 50% greater yield than in controls. The chemical characteristics of the soil did not change significantly during the experimental period of irrigation with reclaimed water. In the winter, CW effluent could be stored and treated in a WSP until the spring; the water could then be discharged or reused for supplemental irrigation during the typical Korean spring drought. Overall, sewage treatment and agronomic reuse using a CW-WSP system could be a practical integrated sewage management measure for protecting receiving water bodies and overcoming water shortages in decentralised rural areas.

Determination of Tillage Depth Based on Physical Properties of Soil for Rice Production in Korea

Compaction is becoming a great concern in crop production and the environment. Recently, three has been a need of field management based on site-specific conditions to improve sustainability of agriculture and reduce environmental damage. In the study, soil management or tillage depth was recommended nondestructively based on cone index profiles for typical Korean rice paddy fields. Field variables related to tillage, soil strength, rice growth, and other soil physical properties showed considerable spatial and vertical variations as well as significant (α<0.1) correlations among them. Cone index profiles observed also varied by field sites, and maximum cone index and depth to the maximum cone index showed significant (α<0.1) correlation with tilled depth as well as rice growth and other field variables. When soil management was recommended based on CI measurements, 13.4, 16.8, and 95.3% of the total surveyed areas, and 10.6, 18.9, and 51.6% of the total soil volume were chosen for management depth of 10, 20, 40 cm, respectively, indicating that soils of many field sites would not restrict rice growth. It was concluded that the concept of site-specific soil management based on soil conditions could save labor, time, machine use, and energy.

Children’s Behavioral and Conceived Domains in Neighborhood Environment

Children′s psychologically important places and their neighborhood activities were investigated in open-ended field interviews and behavioral observations in a typical Korean high-density apartment neighborhood. Interview data were analyzed in conjunction with behavioral data. The analysis reveals that there is correspondence between domain of children′s neighborhood uses and domain of their places of psychological significance. The children tended to make such valued places in accessible, proximate designated play areas. Meanings associated with such places indicated that possibility for pursuing desired activities and behavioral opportunities or functional supports are important aspects of the psychological experiences in the places. Places are settings where their sociophysical features support children′s preferred, joyful, and important day-to-day activities. Activities in the places (and near the places) differed from activities outside the places: the former were, in general, more place-specific, resource-dependent, and purposive whereas the latter were relatively transient, short-lived, and environmentally independent. The study concludes that the behavioral domain contributes to the psychological domain and yet there are some activities more effective than others.

Physical phantom of typical Korean male for radiation protection purpose

Dose distribution within a human body can be measured using physical anthropomorphic phantoms. In an effort to establish reference Korean physical model, the first Korean physical phantom of average Korean adult male was constructed using computed tomography (CT) images of a healthy volunteer. The body dimension of the subject was close to that of average Korean male. The source images were obtained using fusion positron emission tomography machine at Radiation Health Research Institute in Korea, and ported into rapid prototyping process. The physical phantom was composed of three tissue-equivalent materials: epoxy resin, urethane foam and polyurethane representing bone, lungs and soft tissues, respectively. The densities of the tissue-equivalent materials were close to those recommended by the International Commission on Radiation Units and measurements. To facilitate dose mapping, the phantom was sliced into 2 cm sections. Hole grids for thermoluminescence (TL) dosemeter chips were drilled. To verify the appropriateness of the physical phantom, organ doses of selected organs were measured for reference photon beam, and compared with those computed by tomographic model constructed from the same CT images. Absorbed doses converted from TL relative response showed good agreement within 7% with those calculated.

Zinc Supplementation Reduces Fractional Zinc Absorption in Young and Elderly Korean Women

Background: Adjustments in zinc losses and absorption are thought to maintain zinc homeostasis with changes in intake, but the capacity to make these adjustments appears to be affected by aging. Zinc status of the individual may also influence adjustments in fractional zinc absorption.Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of changes in zinc status due to zinc supplementation on fractional zinc absorption in young and elderly Korean women.Design: Zinc status and absorption were measured initially in 15 young (20–24 yr) and 15 elderly women (64–75 yr) confined to a metabolic unit and consuming a typical Korean diet. Upon discharge from the unit the women were supplemented with 22 mg zinc/d for 28 days. On d 20, the women returned to the unit for measurement of zinc status and absorption. Fractional zinc absorption (FZA) was estimated from the same typical Korean breakfast at both time points using the dual isotopic tracer method. Zinc stable isotopic ratios were measured in urine samples collected for 3 days following isotope administration.Results: Plasma and urinary zinc concentrations increased significantly with zinc supplementation in the young but not the elderly women. FZA decreased following zinc supplementation in the young women from 22 to 8% (p < 0.0001) and in the elderly women from 19 to 10% (p < 0.0001). The decline in young women was greater than that in elderly women (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Both young and elderly women reduced their efficiency of zinc absorption with zinc supplementation. But, plasma and urinary zinc concentrations did not increase in the elderly following zinc supplementation suggesting that age altered the use of the additional zinc.

Unbreakable ethnic bonds: information-seeking behavior of Korean graduate students in the United States

Everyday life information seeking (ELIS) is a relatively new branch of user studies that examines information behavior in daily life activities. In this study, as an example of ELIS, Korean graduate students' everyday lives in the United States are explored, focusing on their perspectives with respect to main stream society and the role of their ethnic church in their everyday lives. This study combines the grounded theory method with in-depth interviews of eight students and their spouses, as well as participant observation and informal interactions with others. The findings showed two dissimilation mechanisms in the typical Korean student's information-seeking behavior: language barrier and the strong bonds in their ethnic church. Their limited English prevents them from interacting with American society, and the students gather within the ethnic community in settings such as the Korean church for the receipt of information for their ELIS and for social comfort. However, the church maintains strong ethnic bonds with the students by monitoring them and impeding their assimilation into American society.

백두대간 체계 안에 내포된 유역 개념과 문제점

옛 지도와 문헌자료에는 그려질 당시에 사람들이 가지고 있던 생태적 개념이 담겨 있다. 여기서 우리는 한국의 고지도에 나타나는 유역 개념을 소개하고, 문헌 기록을 통해서 그 개념이 나타난 역사를 간단하게 소개한다. 많은 사람들이 백두대간에 대해 논의하는 글에서 산줄기에 역점을 두고 있지만 우리는 생태학적으로 중요한 다른 관점이 그 안에 포함되어 있다는 점을 지적한다. 그것은 백두대간 체계가 유역 개념을 뚜렷이 보여주고 있다는 사실이다 이러한 개념은 1402년에 그려진 것으로 알려진 "혼일강리역대국도지되도"에서 나타나며, 12세기에 집필된 이인로의 청학동유람 기록에서도 이미 그런 시각이 있었던 것으로 해석된다. 나아가 한국의 전형적인 경관짜임은 이러한 유역 개념에 바탕에서 피어났을 것이라는 가설을 제안할 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 개념을 키운 관점이 오늘날 부정적인 영향을 주고 있는 경우도 있어 논의한다 선조들의 생각이 자랑스럽기는 하지만 그것들을 현명한 방향으로 발전시키기 위해서는 더 많은 연구가 필요하다. Ecological concepts were embedded in the old Korean maps and other documents. The concepts may represent ecological views which people had at the time. Through those ecological views, we propose that we can see a watershed concept in old Korean maps. We also discuss relevant records to understand the history of this concept. While many scholars have highlighted in the Baekdoodaegan frame only the pan of the mountain ranges, we are pointing out other perspectives. Our emphasis is that the concept is explicitly related to a watershed concept. An old Korean map shows that people at that time divided the Korean Peninsula into many watersheds, which was as early as 1402. We can even say that the idea is identified in a literal document written in the 12th century. It is hypothesized that a typical Korean landscape configuration was developed in the arrangement of village and surrounding landscape elements situated in a watershed. In addition, we suggest that the view had some negative effects on the current society. Even though the ideas of our ancestor are something to be praised, further study is needed to improve it in a wise manner.

Mothers' Acculturation and Eating Behaviors of Korean American Families in California

Objective To compare eating behaviors of Korean American (KA) families with mothers of different acculturation stages with those of families in Korea. Design Survey research using a self-report questionnaire. Settings Field survey on convenience sample in California and in Seoul, Korea. Participants 225 KA and 216 Korean mothers. Main Outcome Measures Frequency of eating at home, preparation of Korean foods, favorite dishes of families, and for special occasions. Analysis Chi-square, t test, and analysis of variance. Results Families of the more acculturated mothers dined out more frequently and had lower preferences for Korean foods than did the families with less acculturated mothers. The more acculturated mothers prepared Korean foods, including kimchi, less at home. Fewer Korean dishes were included among the 5 favored dishes, both for family and for special occasions, in KA families than in Korean families. The acculturation stage of the mothers affected preference for Korean dishes of the families but not for special occasions. Conclusions and Implications Mothers' acculturation stage influenced the family's eating habits. Changes of preference of typical Korean dishes varied by acculturation stage. Nutrition educators should be aware that dietary behaviors of KA families may differ by acculturation stage and tailor interventions appropriately.

Wedding Citizenship and Culture

Research Article| March 01 2003 Wedding Citizenship and Culture: KOREAN ADOPTEES AND THE GLOBAL FAMILY OF KOREA Eleana Kim Eleana Kim Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Social Text (2003) 21 (1 (74)): 57–81. https://doi.org/10.1215/01642472-21-1_74-57 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Eleana Kim; Wedding Citizenship and Culture: KOREAN ADOPTEES AND THE GLOBAL FAMILY OF KOREA. Social Text 1 March 2003; 21 (1 (74)): 57–81. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/01642472-21-1_74-57 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsSocial Text Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Duke University Press2003 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Evaluation of Subbase Friction for Typical Korean Concrete Pavement

The frictional force between concrete slab and subbase is accompanied by horizontal slab movements induced by variation of temperature and moisture in the concrete slabs. The frictional force is exerted in the opposite direction from the horizontal slab movement and causes stress in the slab. Rational evaluation of subbase friction is important in configuring joint sealing, slab thickness, and reinforced steel. Determination of the subbase friction is also required as an input for the recently developed concrete-pavement-construction program HIPERPAV. Lean concrete has been widely used as the typical subbase for jointed concrete pavement in Korea. Generally, polythene sheet is placed between the lean concrete subbase and the concrete pavement slab as a friction reducer. In addition, an asphalt bond breaker may be used as an alternative friction reducer in some cases. Three series of push-off tests were conducted to study the characteristics of subbase friction for this typical Korean jointed concrete pavement system under three different subbase conditions (I, test slab directly cast on lean concrete subbase; II, polythene sheet placed between test slab and lean concrete subbase; and III, 4-cm asphalt bond breaker placed between test slab and lean concrete subbase). For each series, tests were performed under various conditions (rate of movement, slab thickness, number of movement cycles) to investigate the influence of these potential factors on the development of subbase friction.

Characteristics of EFL Readers' Summary Writing: A Study with Korean University Students

Abstract: This study reports part of the findings of a study of Korean EFL students' skill in summarizing an English text. The participants were 70 freshmen who were assumed to possess the typical Korean EFL students' characteristics related to summary writing. The two English texts employed were expository texts taken from a college‐level ESL reading book. One of the texts (i.e., Text A)was assumed to be easier than the other (i.e., Text B). Data gathered from two summaries were analyzed in terms of the content idea units included in the summary, the idea units on four importance levels, use of three summarization rules (i.e., deletion, selection, and transformation), and accuracy. According to the results, the participants in this study were sensitive, though not fully, to importance. The most frequently used rule was the deletion rule, and the least frequently used rule was the transformation rule. Analysis of data also revealed that text difficulty can affect the summary writer's behavior Changes in the writers' behaviors due to text difficulty were noted in the proportion of content idea units included in the summary, the use of selection and transformation rules, and in the accuracy rate, but not in the use of the deletion rule or total rule use. Results indicate that Korean EFL students do not possess effective summarization skills and are in need of appropriate instruction and practice to improve these skills.

An improved method for determination of ethyl carbamate in Korean traditional rice wine.

An improved extraction method for ethyl carbamate, a genotoxic and carcinogenic compound found in various fermented foods and beverages, was investigated for its determination in the two most typical Korean traditional rice wines, takju and yakju. When the rice wines were extracted twice with chloroform at 30 degrees C for 60 min, the recovery of ethyl carbamate was less than 16%. When they were saturated with NaCl before extraction, the recovery of ethyl carbamate increased to 24.4% in takju and 67.2% in yakju. Adjustment of pH to 9.0 after NaCl saturation in takju resulted in a dramatic increase of recovery to 81.2%, but not in yakju. When the contents of ethyl carbamate and its precursor, urea, in various Korean traditional rice wines were determined, there was no correlation between the two contents. This is due to the fact that storage time is more important than urea content in the formation of ethyl carbamate in rice wine. In addition, its storage at high temperature resulted in a dramatic increase in ethyl carbamate content according to the prolonged storage time, suggesting that storage time and temperature play a key role in the formation of ethyl carbamate in Korean traditional rice wine.

Effects of Cognitive Flexibility Theory‐based instruction on Korean high school history teaching

Understanding complex conceptual relationships is crucial for Korean high school history learning. The motivating hypothesis for this study is that a Cognitive Flexibility Theory‐based Hypertext instructional module will promote acquisition of advanced knowledge associated with complex conceptual relationships. This study focussed on improving Korean history teaching and learning in terms of these learner characteristics based on Cognitive Flexibility Theory, an influential constructivist approach in the field of educational technology. A referential hypertext program based on Spiro and his colleagues’ (1988, 1990) Cognitive Flexibility Theory (CFT) was developed for this study. Three learning programs were presented: (1) Cognitive Flexibility Theory‐Based Hypertext (CFTH), (2) hierarchical hypertext, similar to CFTH except for its hierarchical node connections, and (3) a textbook representing the typical Korean high school history instruction process. The effects of these three treatments on history achievement were examined in terms of post‐test item characteristics. Independent variables were students’ IQ, and prior knowledge and motivation toward each learning program that was measured after the treatment. Students’ achievement was the highest among three groups, especially in complex items: comparison, analysis and synthesis. In the CFTH group high IQ and low PK students’ achievement was most improved, and motivation was the chief influential factor in explaining the achievement.

Experimental study on the aseismic capacity of a wooden house using shaking table

The aseismic capacity of a typical Korean wooden house built using traditional construction methods is quantitatively estimated. Tenon joints were used in wooden frames. Two 1:4 scale models were tested for rock and soil foundation conditions. Scaled real earthquake time histories were input for the tests. The natural frequency and modal damping ratio of the wooden house in the elastic range were 1.66 Hz and 7 per cent, respectively. The Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) at the collapse of the house at the soil site was 0.25g, whereas PGA for moderate damage at the rock site was 0.6g. A significant reduction in acceleration response and increase in displacement response was observed for rock and soil foundation conditions, respectively. The wooden house studied is much more vulnerable at soil sites than at rock sites due to the rich low-frequency contents of the input motion and the flexible characteristics of the wooden house. Non-linear dynamic analyses using the modified Double-Target model were compared with test results. The modified Double-Target model appropriately simulates the non-linear inelastic behaviour of a wooden house with tenon joints.

A study on the dynamic characteristics of the Korean Yi-dynasty bell type structure

The dynamic characteristics of the Korean Yi-dynasty bell type structure, including the acoustic effects, are analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. The numerical solutions of natural frequencies and mode shape for membrane and flexural behavior are obtained by using the NASTRAN program for the finite element method with plate shell elements of triangular and quadrilateral types. Test bells, A and B types similar to the Kap-Sa bell in Kong-Ju chosen among typical Korean Yi-dynasty bells, are manufactured on different scales to the original bell. To consider the effects of the variation of the structural dimension on the dynamic response, these bells are analyzed with respect to the variation of the thickness of the wall and the bottom rim and the asymmetric Dang-Jwas. The impact method with the Fast Fourier Transform Analyzer is adopted to experimentally assess the dynamic response. Results are in good agreement with the numerical solutions.