Coronary Heart Disease In Type Research Articles

C-X-C motif chemokine 16, modulated by microRNA-545, aggravates myocardial damage and affects the inflammatory responses in myocardial infarction

BackgroundMyocardial infarction (MI), a common type of coronary heart disease, is the major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Chemokine-mediated inflammatory cell infiltration and local inflammatory damage response are recent research hotspots. Hence, we attempted to examine the role of C-X-C motif chemokine 16 (CXCL16) as a potential candidate in MI.MethodsHuman cardiomyocytes were treated with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) to establish an in vitro cell model. GEO database provided the clinical data of MI patients and GSEA verified the relationship of chemokine and MI. CCK-8 and flow cytometry analyses were used to measure cell viability and apoptosis. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay were conducted to determine the correlation between CXCL16 and miR-545. qRT-PCR and western blot assays were performed to investigate the expression level of the indicated genes. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10 were explored using ELISA assay.ResultsCXCL16 was increased in MI. CXCL16 knockdown can reverse the inhibitory effect of H/R treatment on cell viability, while overexpression of CXCL16 showed the opposite trend. MiR-545 directly targeted CXCL16 and negatively regulated CXCL16 levels. MiR-545 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in the MI cell model, which attenuated the CXCL16-induced injury on cardiomyocytes.ConclusionThese findings demonstrated that CXCL16 aggravated MI damage through being directly targeted by miR-545 and mediating inflammatory responses, thereby providing potential therapeutic targets for MI therapy.

LDL/apo B ratio predict coronary heart disease in Type 2 diabetes independent of ASCVD risk score: A case-cohort study

Background and aimsCoronary heart disease (CHD) is a major mortality risk factor in patients with diabetes. LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) is a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. There is one apolipoprotein B (ApoB) molecule in each LDL particle. We aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the LDL-C/ApoB ratio for CHD in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods and resultsIn this case-cohort study (apo)lipoproteins and glycemic indices were measured in 1058 individuals with T2D from February 2002 to March 2019, with a median duration of follow up of 10 years. Of 1058 patients with T2D, coronary heart disease occurred in 242 patients. Increased waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and hemoglobin A1c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) ratio, presence of hypertension and metabolic syndrome, and insulin and statin use were more prevalent among patients with CHD (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that an LDL-C/ApoB ratio equal or lower than 1.2 could predict CHD independent of ASCVD risk score [adjusted OR:1.841, CI:1.257–2.698, P < 0.001] when adjusted for multiple confounders. The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) did not predict CHD. ConclusionThis study showed that LDL-C/ApoB ratio, but not the atherogenic index of plasma, may be considered as an indicator of CHD independent of the ASCVD risk score in patients with T2D. This finding merits further clarification to optimize preventive strategies for CHD.

Effects of Nano-Protein Complexes on Apoptosis of Myocardial Infarction Cells Based on Complex Curve Analysis.

Myocardial infarction is one of the common types of coronary heart disease in the clinic. Its morbidity, lethality and disability are high, and it has become a serious threat to human health. At present, it is shown that in the early stage of acute myocardial infarction, myocardial cells are mainly apoptotic, suggesting that effectively blocking myocardial apoptosis in the early stage of myocardial infarction is of great significance for reducing tissue necrosis in the infarcted area. Recent studies have shown that NG nano-protein complexes have a better therapeutic effect on acute myocardial infarction and can inhibit left ventricular remodeling in patients with acute myocardial infarction. However, there are few studies on the effect of NG nano-protein complexes on myocardial cell apoptosis after ischemia. This study used a rat model of acute myocardial infarction to analyze its effect on apoptotic proteins of myocardial cells in rats with acute myocardial infarction in order to provide a certain theoretical basis for its clinical application. In this study, 45 SD rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group, a myocardial infarction group, and a NG nano-protein complex group, with 15 in each group. The sham operation group only underwent thoracotomy, and received normal saline gavage postoperatively; the myocardial infarction group and the NG nano-protein complex group were ligated to the left anterior descending coronary artery of the rat to establish an acute myocardial infarction model, and were performed separately treatment with saline and NG nanoprotein complexes. Finally, we conclude that this nano-protein complex can significantly reduce the expression level of myocardial apoptosis-related proteins in rats with acute myocardial infarction, and is of great significance in inhibiting the apoptosis of acute myocardial infarction cells.

The association between poor sleep quality and anxiety and depression symptoms in Chinese patients with coronary heart disease

ABSTRACT Poor sleep quality might be a potentially modifiable predictor of prognosis in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Anxiety and depression symptoms are highly prevalent in these patients. Whether anxiety and depression symptoms are risk factors for poor sleep quality in Chinese patients with CHD is unclear. This study is intended to examine the prevalence of poor sleep quality in Chinese patients with CHD and its associations with anxiety and depression symptoms, and to explore whether sex, obesity and CHD type modify these associations. Three hundred and forty-eight participants were included. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI, >7 was defined as poor sleep quality) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used to assess sleep quality and psychological symptoms. 47.1% of the participants had poor sleep quality. Logistic regression analysis showed that poor sleep quality was independently associated with anxiety and depression symptoms adjusting for demographic and clinical factors. However, adjusted for anxiety symptoms, poor sleep quality was no longer associated with depression symptoms. Subgroup and interaction analysis showed that poor sleep quality was associated with markedly higher HADS anxiety and depression scores among patients with stable angina than those with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). These findings suggest that poor sleep quality was associated with both anxiety and depression symptoms in Chinese patients with CHD. However, in the case of concurrent anxiety and depression, anxiety was the main related factor of a high prevalence of poor sleep quality. The association between poor sleep quality and psychological symptoms was influenced by CHD type.

Identification of functional lncRNAs through constructing a lncRNA-associated ceRNA network in myocardial infarction.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a type of coronary heart disease, which refers to the ischemic necrosis of the heart muscle. A large number of studies have discussed the mechanism of MI from the perspective of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. However, the mechanisms underlying the function of lncRNAs in MI have still not been explained in an explicit manner. Therefore, we constructed a scale-free lncRNA-associated ceRNA network to identify some crucial lncRNAs in MI. Results showed that the given disease genes for MI were involved in the network, the degrees of which were significantly larger than the other nodes of the network. For measuring the network centrality, we then constructed a hub subnetwork. The miRNAs and mRNAs in the hub subnetwork have been validated to function in MI-related biological function. In addition, we identified 2 MI-related functional modules from the lncRNA-associated ceRNA network, which suggested that lncRNA exerted function in local network. Enrichment analysis showed that these functional modules corresponded to some similar and different pathways related to cardiovascular disease. More importantly, 3 MI-related crucial lncRNAs, CTD-3092A11.2, RP5-821D11.7 and CTC-523E23.1 were detected as potential biomarkers, which may be involved in MI-related biological progresses. Our study identified 20 functional lncRNAs based on ceRNA network analysis, which may provide novel diagnosis and therapeutic targets for MI from the ceRNA network perspective.

Sudden cardiac death in patients with myocardial infarction: 1.5 primary prevention.

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is one of the most common causes of death in the world. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the root cause of most patients with SCD, and myocardial infarction (MI) is the main cause of SCD among all types of CHD. Early identification of high-risk patients after an MI, and the application of related prevention strategies and disease-specific treatments will be the key to reduce SCD. The mechanism of SCD after MI varies over time, and the relevant risk prediction indicators are also dynamic and different. In the existing guidelines for MI patients, the static and slightly single stratification of primary (PP) and secondary (SP) prevention has significant room for improvement. The 1.5 primary prevention (1.5PP) is defined as patients with PP who also had the following risk factors: non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT), frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), severe heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF <25%), and syncope or pre-syncope. The emergence of 1.5PP has provided a new method for the stratification and management of SCD after an MI.

Importancia de exámenes diagnósticos de la arteria coronaria en isquemia miocárdica asintomática

En Myanmar, con los avances recientes en la intervención cardíaca y la capacidad de diagnóstico, discutimos diferentes técnicas sobre el diagnóstico adecuado de los diferentes tipos de enfermedad coronaria. Revisamos un caso con una enfermedad vascular conocida diagnosticada por arterias coronarias por TC y luego, se descubrió que era una enfermedad de dos vasos cuando se realizó el cateterismo cardíaco de diagnóstico. Discutimos los usos y las limitaciones de varias pruebas cardíacas, incluidas la angiografía coronaria por tomografía computarizada (CCTA), las imágenes de resonancia magnética cardíaca (cMRI), el cateterismo cardíaco diagnóstico (CC), la tomografía computarizada con multidetectores (MDCT) a través de una revisión de la literatura.

Type D Personality and Myocardial Infarction: A Case-Control Study.

Background:Coronary heart disease (CHD) is an impending global pandemic in developed countries as well as developing countries and economies in transition, such as India. A significant increase in the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI), one of the most common types of CHD, is being reported in India, and the incidence and severity of the disease are more among the youth in Kerala. Studies assessing the association between psychological factors and MI are few in India.Methods:We adopted a case-control study design. A total of 150 cases (with MI) and 150 controls (without MI and matched for age and gender) from a tertiary care hospital in Trivandrum, Kerala, India, were selected using convenient sampling method, between September 2016 and August 2017.Results:As compared to 33.3% of the controls, 50.7% of patients with MI had type D personality characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for the confounders indicated a positive and statistically significant association between type D personality and MI: OR = 4.14, 95% CI = 2.19–8.85, P = 0.003.Conclusion:Type D personality is associated with MI.

Type D Personality and Myocardial Infarction: A Case-Control Study

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is an impending global pandemic in developed countries as well as developing countries and economies in transition, such as India. A significant increase in the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI), one of the most common types of CHD, is being reported in India, and the incidence and severity of the disease are more among the youth in Kerala. Studies assessing the association between psychological factors and MI are few in India. Methods: We adopted a case-control study design. A total of 150 cases (with MI) and 150 controls (without MI and matched for age and gender) from a tertiary care hospital in Trivandrum, Kerala, India, were selected using convenient sampling method, between September 2016 and August 2017. Results: As compared to 33.3% of the controls, 50.7% of patients with MI had type D personality characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for the confounders indicated a positive and statistically significant association between type D personality and MI: OR = 4.14, 95% CI = 2.19–8.85, P = 0.003. Conclusion: Type D personality is associated with MI.

The association between bacterial infections and the risk of coronary heart disease in type 1 diabetes.

Diabetes increases the risk of infections and coronary heart disease (CHD). Whether infections increase the risk of CHD and how this applies to individuals with diabetes is unclear. To investigate the association between bacterial infections and the risk of CHD in type 1 diabetes. Individuals with type 1 diabetes (n=3781) were recruited from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study (FinnDiane), a prospective follow-up study. CHD was defined as incident events: fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention, identified through national hospital discharge register data. Infections were identified through national register data on all antibiotic purchases from outpatient care. Register data were available from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2015. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activity was measured from serum samples at baseline. Data on traditional risk factors for CHD were collected during baseline and consecutive visits. Individuals with an incident CHD event (n=370) had a higher mean number of antibiotic purchases per follow-up year compared to those without incident CHD (1.34 [95% CI: 1.16-1.52], versus 0.79 [0.76-0.82], P<0.001), as well as higher levels of LPS activity (0.64 [0.60-0.67], versus 0.58EUmL-1 [0.57-0.59], P<0.001). In multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, the mean number of antibiotic purchases per follow-up year was an independent risk factor for incident CHD (HR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.14-1.29, P<0.0001). High LPS activity was a risk factor for incident CHD (HR 1.93 [1.34-2.78], P<0.001) after adjusting for static confounders. Bacterial infections are associated with an increased risk of incident CHD in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Network based study to explore genetic linkage between diabetes mellitus and myocardial ischemia: Bioinformatics approach

Globally, diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most occurred metabolic diseases, involving an increased level of blood glucose in the body. In general, DM patients grow many comorbidities including coronary heart disease, overweight gain, and stroke. Myocardial ischemia (MI) is a type of coronary heart disease, it occurs when heart muscles lost the ability to pump blood accurately. Though DM and MI are not associated but many biological functions of both disease match with each other. Our objectives were to uncover the association between the DM and MI using a bioinformatics approach with bio-molecular signature. We compare both datasets with the Venn diagram, the outcomes showed that 144 genes were overlapped in both disease. The GO analysis revealed that the majority amount of genes were connected with the cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, cytokine activity, and membrane raft. Pathway analysis explored the common 144 genes that were enriched with the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, malaria, and pathways in cancer. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the Cytoscape. From where we identified 10 significant genes (INS, ALB, IL6, TNF, VEGFA, IL10, CCL2, IL1B, CXCL8, and ICAM1) according to their connectivity range using cytoHubba tool. Drug target analysis reveals that the dexamethasone CTD 00005779 target is the most associated with all the hub genes. Our analysis showed the genetic and biological functional associations between DM and MI. The outcomes of the study will help in future medications development of DM and MI.

Impact of Acarbose on Incident Diabetes and Regression to Normoglycemia in People With Coronary Heart Disease and Impaired Glucose Tolerance: Insights From the ACE Trial.

We examined the impact of acarbose, an α-glucosidase inhibitor, on incident diabetes and regression to normoglycemia in 6,522 Acarbose Cardiovascular Evaluation (ACE) trial participants in China who had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and coronary heart disease (CHD). Participants were randomly assigned to acarbose or placebo and followed with four monthly fasting plasma glucose (FPG) tests and annual oral glucose tolerance tests. Incident diabetes was defined as two successive diagnostic FPG levels ≥7 mmol/L or 2-h plasma glucose (PG) levels ≥11.1 mmol/L while taking study medication or a masked adjudicated confirmation of this diagnosis. Regression to normoglycemia was defined as FPG <6.1 mmol/L and 2-h PG <7.8 mmol/L. Intention-to-treat and on-treatment analyses were conducted using Poisson regression models, overall and for subgroups (age, sex, CHD type, HbA1c, FPG, 2-h PG, BMI, estimated glomerular filtration rate, for IGT alone, for IGT + impaired fasting glucose, and for use of thiazides, ACE inhibitors [ACEis]/angiotensin receptor blockers [ARBs], β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or statins). Incident diabetes was less frequent with acarbose compared with placebo (3.2 and 3.8 per 100 person-years, respectively; rate ratio 0.82 [95% CI 0.71, 0.94], P = 0.005), with no evidence of differential effects within the predefined subgroups after accounting for multiple testing. Regression to normoglycemia occurred more frequently in those randomized to acarbose compared with placebo (16.3 and 14.1 per 100 person-years, respectively; 1.16 [1.08, 1.25], P < 0.0001). This effect was greater in participants not taking an ACEi or ARB (1.36 [1.21, 1.53], P interaction = 0.0006). The likelihood of remaining in normoglycemic regression did not differ between the acarbose and placebo groups (P = 0.41). Acarbose reduced the incidence of diabetes and promoted regression to normoglycemia in Chinese people with IGT and CHD.

Exploring the mechanism of TCM formulae in the treatment of different types of coronary heart disease by network pharmacology and machining learning

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has long been used in the clinical treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). TCM is characterized by syndrome-based medication, which is, using different TCM formulae for different syndromes. However, the underlying mode of action remains unclear. In this work, we utilized network pharmacology and machine learning to explore the mechanism of eight classic TCM formulae in the treatment of different types of CHD. First, by integrating multiple databases, a total of 669 potential bioactive compounds and 581 targets of the eight formulae were screened. Then, the effectiveness of these formulae on CHD was evaluated using two network-based indicators. The results showed that each formula’s targets were significantly correlated with CHD associated genes and overlapped with the targets of 9 classes of drugs for cardio vascular diseases (CVD) to some degree. Next, from 5 different levels, i.e., herb, symptom, compound, target, and pathway level, we systematically compared the eight formulae using network clustering and hierarchical clustering. We found that all the formulae could be grouped into five clusters and the clustering results were approximately consistent at different levels. All the formulae were involved in 7 pathways closely related to CHD and may exhibit the common effect of relieving angina. Formulae in the same group collectively regulated some unique pathways and suggest further specific indications. For example, the three formulae used for Qi stagnation and blood stasis, Qi deficiency and blood stasis, and Qi-Yin deficiency syndromes acted on two special pathways (TNF signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway) and may exert anti-inflammatory and immune-enhancing effects; the two formulae for Yin deficiency of heart and kidney, and Yang deficiency of heart and kidney syndromes regulated two special pathways (PPAR signaling pathway, thyroid hormone signaling pathway) in endocrine system and could improve renal function. Subsequently, we designed a rank algorithm, which integrated network topology with biological function, to identify important targets of these formulae. The results were consistent with the multi-level clustering results. At last, our literature mining validated about 20 % putative targets, as well as clustering results and effects of the formulae by experimental evidences. This study explained the medication patterns and scientific significance of TCM formulae on different types of CHD from perspective of systems biology. It may facilitate the understanding of different types of CHD described by traditional Chinese medicine from the perspectives of modern biology.

The role of MTHFR C677T and ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism in acute coronary syndrome in a Hakka population in southern China

BackgroundAcute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the most serious type of coronary heart disease and is a global medical burden. The pathogenesis of ACS is very complex and still poorly understood. Epidemiologic studies have revealed that the manifestation of ACS are the results of the interactions between multiple environmental and genetic factors. The present study aimed to investigate the role of polymorphisms of MTHFR C677T and ALDH2 Glu504Lys as risk factors for ACS in a Hakka population in southern China.MethodsBetween September 1, 2015 and October 31, 2017, a total of 1957 individuals, including 860 ACS patients and 1097 controls were recruited. Blood samples were collected and genotypes were determined by DNA microarray chip method and direct sequencing method.ResultsFor the MTHFR C677T polymorphism, frequencies of CC, CT, and TT genotypes were 53.60% versus 55.33, 39.53% versus 38.65 and 6.86% versus 6.02% in patients with ACS versus controls, respectively(p > 0.05). The differences in genotype frequencies between the ACS patients and controls in the three genetic model were not statistically significant. For the ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism, the frequencies of ALDH2*1*1, ALDH2*1*2, and ALDH2*2*2 genotypes were 48.72, 42.67 and 8.6% in the ACS patients, respectively, while these were 53.33, 39.11 and 7.57% in the controls, respectively, showing no significant difference in the distribution of the ALDH2 genotype between the groups. Using the wild genotype ALDH2*1*1 as reference, relative risk analysis revealed a slightly increased risk for ACS in individuals with the ALDH2*1*2 plus ALDH2*2*2 genotypes (odds ratio (OR) = 1.203, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.006–1.438, p = 0.043). In a multivariate logistic regression model, even after adjusting for potential covariates, the association between ALDH2 *2 allele and ACS remained significant (OR = 1.242, 95% CI = 1.045–1.561, p = 0.038).ConclusionsWe present findings regarding the possible clinical impact of the ALDH2*2 variant on ACS patients in a Hakka population in southern China and our findings might help to stratify the high-risk ACS patients and implement appropriate strategies for this genetic subpopulation to ultimately guide the precision preventive procedures in the future.

Circadian Blood Pressure Variability in Hypertensive Patients with Coronary Heart Disease.

Introduction and objectives: Coronary heart disease is one of the complications of hypertension. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring allows studying the different circadian patterns of blood pressure, but there is not enough evidence linking coronary heart disease with different circadian patterns. This research was carried out with the purpose of characterizing the circadian patterns of blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension and coronary heart disease. Methods: Descriptive and transversal research in 68 hypertensive patients with coronary heart disease who underwent ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The different circadian patterns of blood pressure were related to the different forms of coronary heart disease and to the control of blood pressure. Results: In the sample, women (60.3%) predominated over men (39.7%). The ages were between 45 to 59 (63.3%) and those 60 and over (36.7%). 44.1% did not have their blood pressure under control, 45.6% were overweight and 38.2% were obese. The abnormal patterns were dipper 42.6%, non-dipper 41.2%, extreme dipper 7.4% and riser 8.8%. Morning surge was observed in 29 patients (42.6%), statistically significant in relation to the control of blood pressure (p = 0.033), but not with the different types of coronary heart disease studied. Conclusions: A statistically significant relationship was found between morning surge and control of blood pressure.

Pentraxin-3 diagnostic value and its association with clinical types of coronary artery disease in patients with concomitant diabetes melitus type 2

Summary. Great attention is paid recently to studying of coronary artery disease (CAD) pathogenesis on the background of diabetes mellitus (DM). One of the pathogenetic mechanisms of atherosclerosis is generalized or chronic inflammation. In particular, the question of the role of an inflammatory component role in development of atherosclerosis in patients with DM 2 types is studied. One of new perspective markers of immune inflammation is pentraxin-3 (PTX-3). The purpose of the study –to evaluate the diagnostic value of pentraxin-3 and to study the relationship with the clinical types of coronary heart disease in patients with concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material and methods. The comprehensive examination of 110 patients with CAD was conducted. Patients were divided into groups depending on presence of DM type 2: the first group included 75 patients with stable CAD and DM type 2, the group of comparison consisted of 35 patients with CAD without DM type 2.Also patients were distributed in groups depending on the IHD clinical form: stable stenocardia, post-infarct cardiosclerosis (PIC) and diffusive cardiosclerosis. Results. In patients with CAD with concomitant DM type 2 there was defined pentraxinemia level depending on clinical types of CAD: in patients with PIC the PTX-3 level in blood serum was 5.68±0.51 ng/ml (r&lt;0.05). In patients with stable stenocardia the PTX-3 level was 6.18±0.49 ng/ml (r&lt;0.05). In patients with diffusive cardiosclerosis the PTX-3 level was 4.92±0.47 ng/ml (r&lt;0.05). Pentraxinemia level in patients with CAD without DM type 2 depending on clinical types of CAD was defined as follows: in patients with PIC the PTX-3 level in blood serum constituted 3.76±0.51 ng/ml (r&lt;0.05). In patients with stable stenocardia the PTX-3 level was 4.18±0.39 ng/ml (r&lt;0.05). In patients with a diffusive cardiosclerosis the PTX-3 level was 2.34±0.48 ng/ml (r&lt;0.05). Distribution of PTX-3 had same character, both in patients with DM type 2, and in patients without DM type 2. Conclusions. The diffusive cardiosclerosis was met more often in patients with coronary artery disease and the accompanying diabetes melitus type 2 (in 58.7%). The diagnostic value of pentraxin-3 is to increase the level of pentraxinemia in patients with coronary heart disease with concomitant type 2 diabetes. The pentraxin-3 levels in patients with stable stenocardia were authentically higher, than in patients with diffusive and post-infarct cardiosclerosis that is caused by more distinct activation immune inflammation.

Pengaruh Healing Touch Terhadap Kecemasan Pada Pasien Infarak Miokard Di Rsud Syarifah Ambami Rato Ebu Bangakalan

Acute myocardial infarction is a type of coronary heart disease that has a prevalence in Indonesia in 2013 of 0.5% or an estimated 883,447 people. Anxiety may be a risk factor for a poorer prognosis and an increased risk of death in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The results of preliminary study concluded that as many as 60% of respondents have a severe anxiety. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of healing touch on anxiety in patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction at Syarifah Ambami Rato Ebu Bangkalan Hospital.&#x0D; The design of this study was pre-experimental and the design used one group pretest post test with anxiety variables on acute myocardial infarction and healing touch. The population of the study were 11 respondents and the samples taken were 11 respondents in Irna B Syarifah Ambami Rato Ebu Bangkalan Hospital. Sampling technique using purposive sampling. While the data collection tool using observation checklist sheet with test statistical test Wilcoxon Match Pairs Test.&#x0D; Result showed that there was a difference of decrease in anxiety before and after given healing touch. Wilcoxon Match Pairs Test results obtained results P Value 0,020, which means H0 rejected means there is influence of healing touch on anxiety in patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction in RSUD Syarifah Ambami Rato Ebu Bangkalan.&#x0D; From the results showed that healing touch can reduce anxiety in patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction so that researchers expect for other researchers to develop the number of samples become larger so that the results of the study can be more generalized.

Current situation and clinical strategy for treatment of coronary heart disease in the elderly

The elderly patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)is progressively increasing along with population ageing in China.The elderly people possess unique clinical characteristics and pathophysiology.The clinical decision for the elderly with CHD may be different from that for the young with CHD.Different types of coronary heart disease are summarized, and data from clinical trials worldwide over the past 10 years are presented in this review in order to provide the basis for CHD treatment in the elderly. Key words: Coronary heart disease; Therapeutics

Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: Two Case Reports and a Brief Review

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an unusual, special type of coronary heart disease characterized by various symptoms, such as chest pain, ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (ACS), ventricular arrhythmia, and sudden cardiac death. Here, we report two different cases who presented with ACS and were found through coronary angiography (CAG) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) to have SCAD, but for whom follow-up CAG and IVUS 3 months later showed different outcomes.

Clinical Practice Guideline for Cardiac Rehabilitation in Korea.

BackgroundThough clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for cardiac rehabilitation (CR) are an effective and widely used treatment method worldwide, they are as yet not widely accepted in Korea. Given that cardiovascular disease is the second leading cause of death in Korea, it is urgent that CR programs be developed. In 2008, the Government of Korea implemented CR programs at 11 university hospitals as part of its Regional Cardio-Cerebrovascular Center Project, and 3 additional medical facilities will be added in 2019. In addition, owing to the promotion of CR nationwide and the introduction of CR insurance benefits, 40 medical institutions nationwide have begun CR programs even as a growing number of medical institutions are preparing to offer CR. The purpose of this research was to develop evidence-based CPGs to support CR implementation in Korea.MethodsThis study is based on an analysis of CPGs elsewhere in the world, an extensive literature search, a systematic analysis of multiple randomized control trials, and a CPG management, development, and assessment committee comprised of 33 authors—primarily rehabilitation specialists, cardiologists, and thoracic surgeons in 21 university hospitals and 2 general hospitals. Twelve consultants, primarily rehabilitation, sports medicine, and preventive medicine specialists, CPG experts, nurses, physical therapists, clinical nutritionists, and library and information experts participated in the research and development of these CPGs. After the draft guidelines were developed, 3 rounds of public hearings were held with staff members from relevant academic societies and stakeholders, after which the guidelines were further reviewed and modified.ResultsCR involves a more cost-effective use of healthcare resources relative to that of general treatments, and the exercise component of CR lowers cardiovascular mortality and readmission rates, regardless of the type of coronary heart disease and type and setting of CR.ConclusionIndividualized CR programs should be considered together with various factors, including differences in heart function and lifestyle, and doing so will boost participation and adherence with the CR program, ultimately meeting the final goals of the program, namely reducing the recurrence of myocardial infarction and mortality rates.