Typical Conditions Research Articles

Design and field test of a foldable wing unmanned aerial–underwater vehicle

AbstractThis paper presents the design and field test of a foldable wing unmanned aerial–underwater vehicle (UAUV). The vehicle can complete diving and air operations, and still have the ability of multiple trans‐medium water egress and ingress under the condition of carrying mission load during a single flight. The wings can be folded back for drag reduction in underwater sailing and water egress, and unfolded to provide lift for flight after water egress. This paper presents the major components and system design of the vehicle, including the overall structure of the vehicle, the design of the mechanism for self‐locking and quick‐folding, the design of the electrical system, the selection of the propulsion system, and analyzes the performance gains from foldable wings and foldable propellers. Then the trans‐medium field test was introduced, and the analysis and discussion were conducted for the four typical operating conditions of the vehicle, including water sailing, aerial flight, water egress and water ingress. Furthermore, the endurance performance under the corresponding operating conditions is estimated based on experimental data and the current battery energy carried. The presence of foldable wings and a large pitch angle water egress strategy reduces the thrust‐to‐weight ratio requirement for the vehicle. The results of the field tests can provide important experience and data support for the subsequent application‐oriented UAUVs.

In-field assessment of the variability in water and nutrient use efficiency among potato farmers in a semi-arid climate

Precise water management is imperative for sustainable crop production under irrigation in semi-arid regions with increasingly variable rainfall. Water use efficiencies achieved by farmers often differ widely, even within regions with homogenous agro-ecological conditions. To better understand the drivers of this variability and derive management recommendations, detailed measurements of water and associated nutrient dynamics were conducted on 20 potato farms in two regions of South Africa. Crop characteristics and typical growing conditions in South Africa make potato cultivation sensitive to water and nutrient losses. Water and nutrient inputs and losses through drainage and plant uptake were measured in potato and the follow-up crop, along with yield and weather variables. Seasonal mean irrigation and evapotranspiration were lower in winter crops (240 mm irrigation, 236 mm evapotranspiration) than in summer crops (598 mm irrigation, 608 mm evapotranspiration). Seasonal field water balances were often close to zero, indicating that estimations of evapotranspiration and drainage were representative for the greater field. Lysimeter observations however appeared more representative in sandy unstructured soils than in heavier structured soils. Rainfall during cropping reduced demand for irrigation and increased water use efficiency based on irrigation water, but caused substantial drainage. Leaching of N and K was considerable (on average 30 kg N, 55 kg K ha−1, much higher in some fields), while P leaching was negligible, with the exception of one field (51 kg P ha−1). Variation in water and nutrients use efficiencies was the result of management decisions and environmental factors, such as rainfall and soil type. Without substantial rainfall, application of irrigation scheduling tools can keep drainage and nutrient losses to a minimum, as was observed on almost half the fields, even on sandy soils with a low water holding capacity. Potato yields greatly varied among farmers (9.1–24.7 t dry matter tuber ha−1). Efficient farmers included those who used water sparsely and had minimal drainage, but also farmers who used inputs judiciously and obtained excellent productivity. The role of follow-up crops as users of surplus nutrients and water left behind by the potato crop was not always evident.

Heat treatment effects on collapse of JCO-E steel pipes under external pressure: Experiments and numerical predictions

The paper examines the collapse resistance of thick-walled steel pipes, candidates for deep offshore applications, fabricated with the JCO-E process. It describes primarily a combined experimental, numerical and analytical work on the collapse of two JCO-E pipes, a 30-inch-diameter X60 pipe and a 24-inch-diameter X65 pipe, both with D/t ratio approximately equal to 20 and focuses on the effects of heat treatment. The JCO-E pipes are subjected to full-scale external pressure testing, which determines their collapse (ultimate) and propagation pressure. Prior to testing, both pipes have been subjected to a thermal heating, similar to the typical heating conditions for the application of a 3-layer coating system (i.e. 3-layer polypropylene system). Initial ovality and thickness measurements along the pipes have also been obtained. Furthermore, strip specimens, extracted from the ”as fabricated” and ”heat treated” pipes, have been subjected to uniaxial testing, so that the corresponding material properties are measured. In addition to experimental work, numerical calculations are performed using nonlinear finite element models that simulate the collapse testing procedure and employ the measured material properties. The experimental and numerical results on collapse and propagation pressure of the pipes are compared with the corresponding predictions of the DNV-ST-F101 standard, and the value of fabrication factor αfab is discussed. Finally, a numerical study is conducted to investigate the effect of yield strength recovery, due to heat treatment, on collapse of pipes with different values of D/t.

Performance Evaluation of a Height Adjustable Mini Combine Harvester

Mini combine harvesters have been very popular among paddy farmers. The compact size of the machine, in addition to the axial flow threshing mechanism and the effect of low ground pressure on paddy soil, makes it a potential alternative for efficient paddy harvesting of a height-adjustable mini combine harvester used for harvesting paddy fields. This type of harvester was tested in typical paddy field conditions planted with MR297 variety at MARDI Seberang Perai. The performance tests included measuring theoretical and effective field capacity, field efficiency, soil bearing capacity before and after machine disturbance and machine slippage. The fuel consumption was also recorded. The combined harvesting losses were also measured during the experiment. Results showed that in wet and muddy conditions, the mini combine harvester obtained a theoretical field capacity (TFC) of 1.28 ha/hr, effective field capacity (EFC) of 0.94 ha/hr and a field efficiency (FE) of 73.4%. The average fuel consumption of the mini combine harvester was 25 L /ha. The wheel slippage in wet paddy fields was 2.18% and on farm roads was 1.55%. The mini combine harvester also contributed to producing less ground effects, combined with the use of low ground contact pressure tracks, that caused minimal soil disturbance that would affect the soil hardpan layer. This mini combine harvester produced an average harvesting loss of 2.3% with an average harvesting impurity of 10.65%. The mini combine harvester had enough power to move in typical paddy field conditions, with no soft soil problems. The mini combine harvester was able to turn 360 degrees within a small area, which made it suitable for harvesting in paddy fields. Thus, this mini combine harvester has the potential to be used for paddy harvesting with the ability to not only produce minimal harvesting loss, but also produce less ground contact pressure which can help to manage the soil hardpan layer from being easily damaged.

Evaluating the seawater desalination potential of an air-seawater system: through thermodynamic analysis and simulation of an indirect evaporative cooling desalination system

This paper explores the desalination potential of a non-equilibrium air-seawater system. It provides calculations for thermodynamics at three different precision levels and introduces new insights, including the concept of system exergy and reversible transitions, to enhance the understanding of the evaporative cooling and desalination processes. The results indicate that for an air-seawater system at 30 °C, which includes 1 kg of dry air at a relative humidity of 45 % and 1 kg of seawater at a concentration of 3.5 %, there is a desalination potential of 0.138 kg of water product. Furthermore, a novel desalination process that utilizes an indirect evaporative cooling (IEC) chiller is designed, modeled, and simulated to estimate its freshwater production capacity. The simulation reveals a daily water product of 0.503 m3 for specific 1 m3*s−1 of air flow rate. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis of parameters is conducted based on this model. In comparison to the thermodynamic calculations, the simulated model exhibits a reversible efficiency of 3.6 % under typical conditions, suggesting there is ample room to further exploit the desalination potential of the non-equilibrium air-seawater system. Additionally, by incorporating comments on irreversible loss analysis, several optimized strategies are proposed. Considering the exergy inherent in non-equilibrium air-seawater systems is abundant, the concept of desalination based on non-equilibrium air-seawater system holds promise to yield economic benefits and reduce carbon emissions.

A Body-frame Beam Constraint Model

Compliant Mechanisms (CMs) have presented their inherently advantageous properties since the nature of CMs is to utilize elastic deformation of the built-in elementary flexible members to transfer motion, force and energy. To predict the performances of CMs and optimize their designs, modeling CMs turns out to be a major concern in this field, particularly, such as high-precision flexure-based CMs. Reported in the literature, the well-known Beam Constraint Model (BCM) expressed in Cartesian coordinate system serves as an effective tool to model the deflection of flexures. Inspired by BCM, in this paper, we take one step further to propose a Body-frame Beam Constraint Model (BBCM) to handle buckling and intermediate-range deflections under typical beam-end loading conditions. Numerical and analytical analysis also proves that BBCM can also provide reliable accuracy in complex loading conditions and complex beam geometries within small-to-intermediate-range deflections and may accurately characterize large deflections under some specific loading conditions as well.

Energy, modified exergy, exergo-economic and exergo-environmental analyses of a separation-enhanced auto-cascade refrigeration cycle

Auto-cascade refrigeration technology has broad application prospects in the field of low-temperature refrigeration. The separation efficiency of refrigerants is one of the main factors affecting system performance. This paper proposes a separation-enhanced auto-cascade refrigeration cycle. An additional cascade heat exchanger and an auxiliary phase separator are introduced before the original cascade heat exchanger. The configuration enhances cooling capacity and cycle performance. The energy, modified exergy, exergo-economic and exergo-environmental performance of the cycle are evaluated through simulation and compared with the basic cycle and previously modified cycle. The results demonstrate that the proposed cycle outperforms both the basic cycle and the modified cycle in both energy and exergy efficiency. The maximum coefficient of performance and exergy efficiency of the separation-enhanced cycle is 44.4% and 44.3% higher than those of the basic cycle, 17.1% and 24.8% higher than those of the modified cycle, respectively. Furthermore, the modified exergy analysis method identifies the exergy destruction caused by the components and zeotropic refrigerant. Actually, the exergy destruction of refrigerant contributes to 39.7% of the overall exergy destruction under typical conditions. Moreover, the exergo-economic analysis indicates a 7.6% reduction in the total cost rate for the proposed cycle compared to the basic cycle and a 2.35% reduction compared to the modified cycle. The exergo-environmental analysis highlights a decrease of 25.4% in overall environmental impact for proposed cycle compared to basic cycle and 12.1% reduction compared to modified cycle. In general, the comparative analysis reveals the improvement potential of the proposed cycle in terms of energy-saving, economic and environmental performance.

Monitoring low O2 stress in apples – What we can learn from chlorophyll fluorescence and respiratory characteristics

Dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA) is becoming a storage method of choice for apple producers seeking to store long-term. There is limited prior work comparing DCA monitoring chlorophyll fluorescence yield (DCA-CF) and respiratory characteristics (DCA-RQ), particularly for the popular UK-grown apple cultivars ‘Gala’ and ‘Braeburn’. However, these techniques can give an insight into the physiological response of apples to low O2 storage, which could help to design more efficient and sustainable storage regimes. In this study the chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) and respiratory quotient (RQ) responses of ‘Gala’ and ‘Braeburn’ are compared in typical and exaggerated DCA conditions. Results show that not only do the two techniques differ in their detection of low O2 stress but the two cultivars studied also differ noticeably in their behaviour. CF increase was confirmed to be a reaction to a stress signal from inside the fruit. Respiration rate curves were found to reflect the internal structure of the fruit, with ‘Gala’’s more homogeneous tissues and greater gas permeability resulting in a strongly bimodal O2 consumption rate where the change in rate hypothetically corresponds with the majority of the fruit tissue switching to anaerobic respiration at the same time. CF and RQ showed noticeable differences between cultivars, agreeing with previous observations that ‘Braeburn’ is less tolerant of low O2 and elevated CO2 than ‘Gala’ (CF Lower O2 Limit (LOL) for Braeburn of approximately 0.75 kPa O2 relative to 0.5 kPa O2 for Gala). Additionally, the CF and RQ responses indicated different LOLs for ‘Gala’, at approximately 0.5 kPa O2 for CF and 0.25 kPa O2 for RQ. Elevated CO2 depressed both the CF and RQ response, with a strong depressive effect on the rate of CO2 evolution but little effect on the rate of O2 consumption.

Drying behavior modeling of bitumen emulsion-based cold in-place recycling pavement considering heat-moisture coupling effects

Bitumen Emulsion-based Cold In-place Recycling (BE-CIR) pavement has been widely applied for its energy-saving and environmental friendliness. BE-CIR is manufactured at ambient temperature and requires a specific drying duration to develop sufficient strength before overlay placement. However, it is challenging to characterize the drying behavior of BE-CIR pavement due to the complex field curing environments and strength formation process. Hence, this research aims to develop a drying behavior model of BE-CIR pavement considering the heat-moisture coupling effects, which can help optimize the timing for overlay placement under different curing environments. Numerical models of mixture and pavement were established based on the heat and mass transfer theories. Actual temperature and humidity data obtained from laboratory tests and field monitoring were used for model calibration and validation. Time-variable coefficient and depth correction coefficient developed based on functional relationships of physical parameters were proposed to calibrate the model. The finite element calculation results indicated that the calibrated model could effectively simulate the drying behavior of BE-CIR pavement under natural curing environments. Two typical working conditions based on natural pavement curing environments were simulated. The calculation results suggested that the curing time required to reach moisture equilibrium was 120 h at medium temperature and high humidity and 50 h at low temperature and medium humidity, both higher than the measured 30 h at high temperature and low humidity.

Analysis of thermal effects from pulsed field ablation

Abstract Background Pulsed field ablation (PFA) has been described as non-thermal, but abundant data exist in oncology applications [1-3], and growing data are emerging in cardiology [4], highlighting that thermal effects are in fact present with PFA. The particular parameters (such as voltage, pulse gap, pulse number) that most influence the development of thermal energy during PFA are less clear. Purpose We sought to evaluate the thermal effects arising from pulsed field ablation of myocardial and esophageal tissue over a range of typical peak voltage operating conditions. Methods Using a three-dimensional computer model of the left atrium and esophagus, we quantified the thermal effects from PFA applications over a range of peak voltage operating conditions (1 kV, 1.5 kV, and 2 kV). Bipolar electroporation was simulated using one electrode as the anode and the other as a grounded cathode. Far-field and symmetry boundaries were set as electrically insulating. A monophasic waveform with a pulse duration of 100 µs and pause between pulses of 1 s was applied for a total of 50 pulses in a single train. Myocardial thickness was 1.5 mm, esophageal thickness was 2 mm, and the pericardial fat layer was varied between 0.3 and 0.75 mm. Results Minimal temperature rise in the esophagus was seen with 1 kV pulses (corresponding to 13.4 J input). With 1.5 kV and 2 kV peak voltages (corresponding to 32.3 J and 66.2 J), temperature elevations reaching 46.3 °C and > 62 °C were seen, respectively. These elevations occurred after only a single pulse train of 50 pulses, implying that further elevations in temperature would be seen with subsequent applications. Conclusions Thermal effects from PFA depend on total energy deposited, of which peak voltage is an important component. Current commercially available systems appear to have the potential to induce collateral thermal injury, particularly with a thin pericardial fat layer, and with repeated applications of pulsed field energy.

Human left ventricular cardiac fibroblasts undergo a dynamic shift in secretome and gene expression toward a cardiac myofibroblast phenotype during early passage in typical culture expansion conditions

Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are critical components of the cardiac niche and primarily responsible for assembly and maintenance of the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM). CFs are increasingly of interest for tissue engineering and drug development applications, as they provide synergistic support to cardiomyocytes through direct cell-to-cell signaling and cell-to-ECM interactions via soluble factors, including cytokines, growth factors and extracellular vesicles. CFs can be activated to a cardiac myofibroblast (CMF) phenotype upon injury or stimulation with transforming growth factor beta 1. Once activated, CMFs assemble collagen-rich ECM, which is vitally important to stabilize scar formation following myocardial infarction, for example. Although there is greater experience with culture expansion of CFs among non-human strains, very little is known about human CF-to-CMF transitions and expression patterns during culture expansion. In this study, we evaluated for shifts in inflammatory and angiogenic expression profiles of human CFs in typical culture expansion conditions. Understanding shifts in cellular expression patterns during CF culture expansion is critically important to establish quality benchmarks and optimize large-scale manufacturing for future clinical applications.

Analysis of the internal flow features of a CO2 transonic nozzle and optimization of the nozzle shape profile

Two-phase flow Laval nozzles are simple and have promising applications, but the internal flow is intricate and encompasses physical phenomena like phase transition, transonic and Mach waves. Therefore, a 1D mathematical model for validating and designing a CO2 two-phase flow transonic nozzle was developed and validated based on experiments. The findings demonstrated that a grid density of 0.292 mm was appropriate and that the maximum error of the model was less than 6.0 %, with an average error of less than 2.5 %. Additionally, it was discovered that when a phase transition occurred at the nozzle throat, whether through condensation or evaporation, there was a minimum critical pressure ratio in the nozzle; when the phase transition took place in the nozzle diffusion chamber, there was a minimum total pressure ratio. Finally, the Laval nozzle was designed to utilize the isostatic pressure gradient method (IPG), which gave a more significant pressure drop than a conventional nozzle while eliminating the shock wave strings at the nozzle throat. Under the typical operating conditions of a transcritical CO2 heat pump system, the ejector performance was boosted by an average of 5.44 %.

Propane Dehydrogenation over Cobalt Aluminates: Evaluation of Potential Catalytic Active Sites

Non-oxidative propane dehydrogenation (PDH) is becoming an increasingly important approach to propylene production, while cobalt-containing catalysts have recently demonstrated great potential for use in this reaction, providing efficiencies comparable to those of industrially employed Pt- and Cr-based catalytic systems. It is therefore essential to clarify the nature of their active sites, especially since contradictory opinions on this issue are expressed in the literature. In this study, efforts were made to determine the state of Co in cobalt aluminates (CoAl2O4-Al2O3) responsible for PDH under typical operating conditions (600 °C, 1 atm). It is shown that the catalyst with a low cobalt content (Co/Al = 0.1) ensured the highest selectivity to propylene, ca. 95%, while maintaining significant propylene conversion. The structural motifs such as cobalt oxide and metallic cobalt nanoparticles, in addition to tetrahedral Co2+ species in the CoAl2O4 spinel system, were evaluated as potential active-site ensembles based on the obtained catalytic performance data in combination with the XRD, H2-TPR, TEM and XPS characteristics of as-synthesized, spent and spent–regenerated catalysts. It is revealed that the most likely catalytic sites linked to PDH are the Co-oxide forms tightly covering alumina or embedded in the spinel structure. However, additional in situ tuning is certainly needed, probably through the formation of surface oxygen vacancies rather than through a deeper reduction in Co0 as previously thought.

Numerical simulation of steel-copper-steel composite cooling staves: Heat transfer characteristics and structural optimization

The heat transmission properties of the cooling stave were examined using a numerical simulation approach and compared with copper cooling stave and copper steel composite cooling stave under different furnace conditions and different structures. It is found that the existence of the steel layer greatly raises the maximum temperature of the cooling stave when no slag is present, and its hot surface temperature is 152 °C greater than that of the copper cooling stave. However, under typical operating conditions, the hot surface temperature of the steel layer is still below its limit working temperature of 470 °C. The temperature of the cooling stave rises with the temperature of the gas and the temperature of the inlet water and reduces with increasing water inlet velocity and slag thickness. To efficiently lower the temperature of the hot surface steel layer, the operation should ensure that the hot surface gas temperature is kept within 1300 °C, the cooling water speed is raised to 2.4 m/s, and the slag thickness should be set to 15 mm or higher. The optimal construction for a steel-copper-steel composite cooling stave is to keep the thickness of the steel layer at 11.9 mm and the thermal conductivity around 40 W/(m·K).

Effect of primary carbides on rolling contact fatigue behaviors of M50 bearing steel

It is perceived that the fatigue performance of high-strength steel is preponderantly affected by internal defects. Inclusions may be efficaciously controlled and primary carbides have been proved to be the principal type of defects in M50 bearing steels. Primary carbides in service-status M50 were systematically characterized and the rolling contact fatigue (RCF) properties were evaluated under different friction conditions in this work. An innovative method of shakedown analysis was proposed for the first time, extending the shakedown analysis of materials as an integral based on traditional shakedown theory to that of weaker internal defects. By the response of primary carbides, the RCF process was separated into a plastic instability period and an elastic shakedown period. The accumulation of plastic deformation around carbides before shakedown was proposed as the RCF damage parameter, and the influence of primary carbides was studied based on the damage criterion. The competition between surface and internal fatigue initiation was revealed via different friction coefficients. A predictive model for RCF initiation was established, which could predict the critical sizes for disparate types of primary carbides not deleterious to RCF performance, and the critical sizes under typical industrial service condition were reckoned.

Impacts of high-albedo urban surfaces on outdoor thermal environment across morphological contexts: A case of Tianjin, China

The urban heat island (UHI) effect can exacerbate various environmental challenges related to high temperatures in urban areas. Increasing urban surface albedo is an effective strategy to mitigate UHI. However, the efficacy of high-albedo urban surfaces across varying urban contexts remains poorly understood. In this study, we leverage Urban Weather Generator to systematically simulate the effects of high-albedo roads, walls, and roofs on urban microclimate across Tianjin. Our simulation covers a typical meteorological year, representing typical weather conditions from January to December. Our results reveal that increasing road albedo is more effective in mitigating UHI in fringe areas, whereas increasing wall and roof albedo is more effective in mitigating UHI in central areas. Local climate zones with an urban aspect ratio of about 0.5 can obtain a maximum reduction of road surface temperature (-6 °C) and wall surface temperature (-3 °C). The temperature changes induced by albedo changes show evident seasonal characteristics: the road temperature decreases significantly in summer, while the wall temperature decreases significantly in spring and autumn. Our results could help guide UHI mitigation policies and urban planning in cities hoping to enhance urban surface albedo to balance urban growth and climate resilience.

Computational modelling of historic masonry railroad arch bridges

The problems encountered during the analyzes of structural response of historic masonry railroad arch bridges are described in this paper. The attention is mainly focused on the stiffness of the masonry arches, their strengths and appropriate estimation of railroad load intensity. Issues related to computational modelling of two, existing, almost 130 years old masonry arch railroad bridges are presented in this context. The main properties and results of detailed inspection of the structures are shown. Computational models that were created in the finite element method environment in order to efficiently describe the responses of the bridges under typical loading conditions and estimate their load carrying abilities are presented. The outcomes of several nonlinear static analyses that were conducted for this purpose are discussed. What is more the results of finite element analyses are reviewed against the inspected bridge condition and final conclusions are formulated on that basis. All the analyses allowed to find the possible causes of the deterioration of the bridges condition.

China's carbon emissions trend after the pandemic

Is China on a path to peak its greenhouse gas emissions in the near future as it has pledged under the Paris Treaty? We compare carbon emissions and energy production trends in the first eight months of 2019 and the first eight months of 2023. The former period represents typical conditions before the COVID-19 pandemic, while the latter is the first period after China removed most COVID-19 related restrictions in December 2022. Carbon emissions increased by 10 % over this period or an average of 2.95 million tonnes per day, while emissions from the power sector, where decarbonization efforts might be expected to be first focused, increased by 21 %. Though renewable energy production has increased significantly, the production of fossil fuels continues to grow strongly. Coal production in the first eight months of 2023 grew at a compound rate of 6.1 % per annum since the corresponding period in 2019, and the share of coal in the total energy mix also increased for the first time since 2007, by 0.2 %, between 2021 and 2022. Therefore, there is little sign of “growing back greener”. Going forward, the changing geopolitical environment may further impede China's emissions peaking.

A novel online method incorporating computational fluid dynamics simulations and neural networks for reconstructing temperature field distributions in coal-fired boilers

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of temperature distributions can be used to effectively design power plants and ensure production safety. Typically, 3D temperature reconstruction based on the flame image processing technology and finite element calculation of furnace combustion using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation are performed to obtain the furnace temperature field. In this study, a novel online method that overcomes the defects of image detection devices was proposed for reconstructing the temperature field with improved evaluation accuracy. Numerical simulations were used to perform numerous calculations. In this method, deep neural network (DNN) models were used for reconstructing the 3D temperature distribution. The training set was derived from offline CFD simulations that were set for a specific boiler and a series of typical working conditions. Based on established DNN models, the online calculation of 3D temperature distribution was realized for current operating conditions. The result revealed that the furnace temperature field could be accurately reconstructed online in a 350-MW tangentially fired boiler. Compared with the numerical simulation results, the mean absolute percent error under the tilt angles of 0°, 10°, and −10° were 3.61 %, 4.25 %, and 4.52 %. The proposed integrated method was applied to actual boilers with average error 3.448 % and achieved feasible solutions within 20 s.

Pilot-Scale Experimental Investigation on Dry Capture of Mercury and SO3 in Smelting Gas of Acid Making.

In this study, a novel dry capture process utilizing a mixed adsorbent of ZnO and CuS was proposed for the simultaneous removal of Hg0 and SO3 in flue gas from zinc smelting, addressing severe mercury pollution and high SO3 concentrations. The experimental results showed that flue gas cooling caused the SO3 to transform into sulfuric acid mist, which changed the reaction mechanism from a gas-solid to a liquid-solid reaction and helped to improve the SO3 removal efficiency. Additionally, properly increasing the absorbent/SO3 molar ratio significantly improved the SO3 removal performance. However, excessive absorbent injection could cause aggregation and uneven dispersion of the absorbent particles in the flue gas, therefore impairing the effectiveness of SO3 capture. Under typical operating conditions (flue gas flow rate of 3500 m3/h, flue gas temperature of 180 °C, ZnO/SO3 molar ratio of 0.74, and residence time of 0.5 s), using a mixed absorbent of ZnO and CuS achieved an SO3 removal efficiency of up to 32.6%, and a total mercury capture at 43.2%, of which the Hg0 removal attained a remarkable 76.3%. These results preliminarily confirm the feasibility of the dry capture technology for simultaneous removal of SO3 and mercury, laying the foundation for further application and promotion.