Typhoon Hagibis Research Articles

Coastal impacts of super typhoon Hagibis on Greater Tokyo and Shizuoka areas, Japan

ABSTRACT A post-event survey of the coastal impacts of Typhoon Hagibis was conducted in the Greater Tokyo and Shizuoka areas. The typhoon’s intensive landfall generated the highest-level storm surges recorded in the study area with a maximum sea-level anomaly of nearly 2 m at the head of Tokyo Bay. Highly populated coastal areas in the inner sheltered part of Tokyo Bay were subject to only minor damage partially because the peak storm surge occurred during a low spring tide. High water levels along the coastline facing the Pacific Ocean mostly measured 4–8 m above the mean sea level, the exception being the Seisho coast, where extreme wave runup reached over 10 m above the mean sea level. The high water levels predominantly caused by energetic swells were comparable with the crest heights of defense structures in a broad range of the study area. The intensive typhoon did not trigger catastrophic flood damage, but caused minor flooding due to wave overtopping, and there was substantial damage to coastal infrastructures along the coast. This paper presents both an overview of and detailed information regarding the coastal impacts of the intensive typhoon along the highly altered coastline with complex geometry.

Rapid flood and damage mapping using synthetic aperture radar in response to Typhoon Hagibis, Japan

During the aftermath of Typhoon Hagibis, we made flood and damage proxy maps, rapidly derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data using change detection approaches. The maps have large spatial coverage over the Tokyo, Fukushima, Ibaraki, Iwate, and Nagano prefectures of Japan. The maps are also largely in agreement with various validation sources including aerial imagery, optical imagery and news sources. Apart from visual maps, we provide flood and damage extents in various formats compatible with geographic information system (GIS) applications. The data may potentially be used for applications such as typhoon risk modelling, investigating spatial correlations of typhoon impacts, and comparing alternative flood or damage mapping techniques.

Synthetic Aperture Radar Flood Detection under Multiple Modes and Multiple Orbit Conditions: A Case Study in Japan on Typhoon Hagibis, 2019

Flood detection using a spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has become a powerful tool for organizing disaster responses. The detection accuracy is increased by accumulating pre-event observations, whereas applying multiple observation modes results in an inadequate number of observations with the same mode from the same orbit. Recent flood detection studies take advantage of the large number of pre-event observations taken from an identical orbit and observation mode. On the other hand, those studies do not take account of the use of multiple orbits and modes. In this study, we examined how the analysis results suffered when pre-event observations were only taken from a different orbit or mode to that of the post-event observation. Experimental results showed that inundation areas were overlooked under such non-ideal conditions. On the other hand, the detection accuracy could be recovered by combining analysis results from possible alternate datasets and became compatible with ideal cases.

A landslide disaster induced by Typhoon Hagibis in October 2019 in Takumi area, Tomioka City, Gunma Prefecture

A landslide disaster induced by Typhoon Hagibis in October 2019 in Takumi area, Tomioka City, Gunma Prefecture

Sediment disasters caused by Typhoon Hagibis in Minami-Saku District, Nagano Prefecture

Sediment disasters caused by Typhoon Hagibis in Minami-Saku District, Nagano Prefecture

Community preparedness toward flood during Covid-19 pandemic at Pekalongan City and Regency

Several countries experience difficulties in overcoming the effects of natural disasters amid the Covid-19 pandemic, such as Typhoon Hagibis in Japan, floods due to melting snow in Canada, Typhoons in Bangladesh, and Cyclone Harold in Pacific countries. Natural disasters that affected the world during infectious diseases did not only occur in 2020. Earthquakes struck Haiti during the 2010 Cholera epidemic outbreak and respiratory infections during the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami in 2011. Something similar happens in Indonesia, one of which is flood and tidal flood in Pekalongan that occur during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study reviews the efforts of countries in overcoming natural disasters during the pandemic. It aims to propose an approach for flood disasters preparedness in Pekalongan so that disaster preparedness process including victim evacuation, can be done without increasing the spread of Covid-19. Information about humanity, disaster management, health, water and sanitation that are disseminated to the public must be supported by scientific knowledge to avoid the spread of myths and negative stigma. Coordination between stakeholders and the local community plays the most important role in flood disaster preparedness with the Covid-19 protocol during the pandemic.

Environmental Factors for the Development of Heavy Rainfall in the Eastern Part of Japan during Typhoon Hagibis (2019)

Environmental Factors for the Development of Heavy Rainfall in the Eastern Part of Japan during Typhoon Hagibis (2019)

Sediment disasters caused by Typhoon Hagibis on October, 2019 in Tohoku region

Sediment disasters caused by Typhoon Hagibis on October, 2019 in Tohoku region

Sediment disasters in the Kanto area caused by heavy rains in October 2019, Typhoon Hagibis and locally developed front

Sediment disasters in the Kanto area caused by heavy rains in October 2019, Typhoon Hagibis and locally developed front

Disaster Response Activities of Geospatial Information Authority of Japan to Typhoon Hagibis in 2019

Disaster Response Activities of Geospatial Information Authority of Japan to Typhoon Hagibis in 2019

令和元年台風19号における住民の防災情報認知と避難行動調査報告① 長野･千曲川決壊 住民の「8割避難」を可能にしたものは何か？

令和元年台風19号における住民の防災情報認知と避難行動調査報告① 長野･千曲川決壊 住民の「8割避難」を可能にしたものは何か？

Effectiveness of Disaster Information Sharing System by Distributed Interoperation in Disaster Response Support - A case of Aomori Prefecture in the response for Typhoon Hagibis in October 2019 -

Effectiveness of Disaster Information Sharing System by Distributed Interoperation in Disaster Response Support - A case of Aomori Prefecture in the response for Typhoon Hagibis in October 2019 -

The Application of the Post-Typhoon Damage Model (Ṫ-Model) to The Typhoon Hagibis in Japan (October 2019)

We introduce a new tool to evaluate the human and economic impact of typhoons. The new applicable tool is the “post-typhoon damage Model (Ṫ-Model)”. The Ṫ-Model is based on the application of six indicators, namely (i) post-typhoon damage ratio (Ṫ(i)-Ratio); (ii) post-typhoon damage total value (Ṫ(j)-Total Value); (iii) post-typhoon damage balance (Ṫ(j)-Balance); (iv) post-typhoon damage marginal rate (Ṫ(j)-Marginal Rate); (v) post-typhoon damage critical point (Ṫ(j)-Critical Point); and (vi) post-typhoon damage surface (Ṫ(j)-Surface). The measurement of the six indicators is based, in turn, on simultaneously evaluating nine sub-variables (svi). The nine sub-variables are all defined to be within a perimeter of 10 km2. The sub-variables are number of deaths (sv1), total number of missing people (sv2), total number of sick people (sv3), total number of people with minor injuries (sv4), total number of critically injured people (sv5), total number of people evacuated(sv6), total number of people with access to water and electricity (sv7), total number of people with access to food and water (sv8), and total number of hospitalized people (sv9). The central objective of the Ṫ-Model is to evaluate the human and economic impact from a typhoon. The model generates a Microsoft excel worksheet that inputs, stores, classifies, calculates, and visualizes a typhoon’s human and economic damage within a perimeter of 10 km2. Finally, the Ṫ-Model was applied to the Hagibis typhoon which hit Japan in October 2019.

Disater Management in Japan and Effective Usage of Meteorological Information with A Prompt Report of Typhoon Hagibis

Disater Management in Japan and Effective Usage of Meteorological Information with A Prompt Report of Typhoon Hagibis

Why does surface ozone peak before a typhoon landing in southeast China?

Abstract. A high O3 episode with the large increases in surface ozone by 21–42 ppbv and the nocturnal surface O3 levels exceeding 70 ppbv was observed in the region between Xiamen and Quanzhou over the southeastern coast of China during 12–14 June 2014, before the Typhoon Hagibis landing. Variations in the surface O3, NO2, CO and meteorology during the Typhoon Hagibis event clearly suggest a substantial impact of the peripheral downdrafts in the large-scale typhoon circulation on such an O3 episode excluding the contributions of photochemical production and the horizontal transport. The influence of vertical O3 transport from the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region on high surface O3 levels is further confirmed by a negative correlation between surface O3 and CO concentrations as well as dry surface air observed during the O3 episode. This study provides observational evidence of typhoon-driven intrusion of O3 from the UTLS region to surface air, revealing a significant effect of such a process of stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) of O3 on tropospheric O3 and ambient air quality.

Research on Cold Core Eddy Change and Phytoplankton Bloom Induced by Typhoons: Case Studies in the South China Sea

The effects of 8 typhoons which passed by coldcore eddy (CCE) areas in the South China Sea (SCS) from 1997 to 2009 were observed and evaluated. The changes in the preexisting CCE acted upon by typhoons were described by eddy kinetic energy (EKE) and eddy available gravitational potential energy (EAGPE). The mechanical energy of CCE was estimated from a two-layer reduced gravity model. Comparing with the scenario that typhoon passes by the region without CCEs, the preexisting CCE area plays an important role in the increase of chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration in the CCEs impacted by the typhoons. The preexisting chl-a in CCE is about 25%~45% (8%~25%) of postexisting chl-a in CCE for higher (slower) transit speed typhoons. If the EAGPE of CCE increases greatly after typhoon passing by with slow transit speed, so does the chl-a in the CCE area. The EKE (EAGPE) changes of the preexisting CCE are in the order of O(1014~1015 J). EKE and EAGPE of CCE are dominantly enhanced by typhoon with slow transit speed (<3 m/s) and the posttyphoon EAGPE is always larger than posttyphoon EKE for 8 cases. The maximum EAGPE change of the preexisting CCE reaches5.11×1015 J, which was induced by typhoon Hagibis.

Seasonal variation of chlorophyll a in the South China Sea from 1997–2010

This study aims to document the seasonal cycle of chlorophyll a interannual variability and to determine the dynamic framework for understanding the mechanisms that produce it. We investigated the variation in sea surface chlorophyll a concentration from autumn 1997 to summer 2010 in the South China Sea using the Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor products. Using the Season-Reliant Empirical Orthogonal Function method, we revealed the interannual and seasonal variations and their dependency on climate variability. The time coefficient of the first mode shows a sudden drop in 2007. Corresponding season-reliant empirical orthogonal function (spatial pattern) is the largest in the southern centre in the autumn, which can be explained by a large increase in chlorophyll a concentration during which Typhoon Hagibis passed through. The second mode reflected an anomalous event of low phytoplankton biomass in the western center of the sea during the summer of 1998 and 2010 due to an El Niño event. Time coefficient is negatively related with the Multivariate El Niño–Southern Oscillation Index. The third mode revealed an interannual variability of chlorophyll a in the region to the northwest of Luzon Islands, which appeared from autumn to the next spring. To better understand the chlorophyll a variation off the South Vietnam coast, we analyzed the summer chlorophyll a variability in this local region solely using the Empirical Orthogonal Function method.

Impacts of the binary typhoons on upper ocean environments in November 2007

Using multiple satellite observations, Argo floats profiles, and one-dimensional (1-D) ocean mixed layer model, this study systematically investigated the impacts of the binary typhoons Hagibis and Mitag [which coexisted respectively in the South China Sea (SCS) and western North Pacific (WNP) during November, 22 to 26, 2007] on upper ocean environments. It was observed that intense Ekman pumping and two mesoscale cold, cyclonic eddies, which, induced by long forcing time of strong wind stress curls, appeared respectively in two certain areas instead of after the binary typhoons' trails. Both cyclonic eddies retained for similar to 39 days, accompanied with maximum sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) reduction of similar to 25 cm induced by Hagibis and of similar to 44 cm induced by Mitag, respectively. The largest sea surface temperature (SST) drop of 7 degrees C and 2 degrees C, the maximum chlorophyll a (Chl-a) enhancement respectively was >20 times and similar to 3 times in these two eddies' regions induced by Typhoon Hagibis and Mitag, respectively. The results of the 1-D ocean mixed layer model showed that, given its 84 h forcing time, the simulated MLT cooling and mixed layer deepening induced by Hagibis were similar to-2.8 degrees C and 45 m, respectively, similar to-0.5 degrees C and 25 m for Mitag at its 66 h forcing time. This work provides convincing evidences that typhoons, which appear frequently in the SCS and the WNP, play a notable role in the activities of mesoscale eddies in these areas. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JRS.6.063583]

Strong enhancement of chlorophyll a concentration by a weak typhoon

Recent studies demonstrate that chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations in the surface ocean can be significantly enhanced due to typhoons. The present study investigated chl a concentrations in the middle of the South China Sea (SCS) from 1997-2007. Only the Category1 (minimal) Typhoon Hagibis (2007) had a notable effect on the chl a concentrations. Typhoon Hagibis had a strong upwelling potential due to its location near the equator, and the forcing time of the typhoon (>82 h) was much longer than the geostrophic adjustment time (~63 h). The higher upwelling velocity and the longer forcing time increased the depth of the mixed-layer, which consequently induced a strong phytoplankton bloom that accounted for about 30% of the total annual chl a concentration in the middle of the SCS. The implication is that the forcing time of a typhoon should be long enough to establish a strong upwelling and consequently for the induction of significant upper ocean responses.