Typha Domingensis Research Articles

Systematics and biology of Cotesia typhae sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), a potential biological control agent against the noctuid Mediterranean corn borer, Sesamia nonagrioides.

Many parasitoid species are subjected to strong selective pressures from their host, and their adaptive response may result in the formation of genetically differentiated populations, called host races. When environmental factors and reproduction traits prevent gene flow, host races become distinct species. Such a process has recently been documented within the Cotesia flavipes species complex, all of which are larval parasitoids of moth species whose larvae are stem borers of Poales. A previous study on the African species C. sesamiae, incorporating molecular, ecological and biological data on various samples, showed that a particular population could be considered as a distinct species, because it was specialized at both host (Sesamia nonagrioides) and plant (Typha domingensis) levels, and reproductively isolated from other C. sesamiae. Due to its potential for the biological control of S. nonagrioides, a serious corn pest in Mediterranean countries and even in Iran, we describe here Cotesia typhae Fernandez-Triana sp. n. The new species is characterized on the basis of morphological, molecular, ecological and geographical data, which proved to be useful for future collection and rapid identification of the species within the species complex. Fecundity traits and parasitism success on African and European S. nonagrioides populations, estimated by laboratory studies, are also included.

Compartmentalization of potentially hazardous elements in macrophytes: Insights into capacity and efficiency of accumulation

This study investigated the accumulation of various elements in six species of macrophytes differing in biomass size, anatomy, life form and ecology: Phragmites australis, Arundo donax, Typha domingensis, Apium nodiflorum, Nasturtium officinale, and Zannichellia peltata. In particular, the concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were analyzed in sediments and in different plant tissues. Results showed that the highest element concentrations are accumulated in underground organs, especially roots. Macrophytes showed also a general tendency for trace elements phytostabilization. The grass P. australis performed better than the other macrophytes in terms of capacity and efficiency of trace elements accumulation. This study found that species with a greater biomass size have generally higher element concentrations, but this does not necessarily imply a better performance in element accumulation. Knowing capacity and efficiency of elements accumulation in plant species can help to reduce the risk of contamination in the environment.

Use the aquatic plant (Typha domingensis) as bioindicator to the accumulation of someheavy metals in Abu-Zariq Marsh Southern of Iraq

Use the aquatic plant (Typha domingensis) as bioindicator to the accumulation of someheavy metals in Abu-Zariq Marsh Southern of Iraq

Domestic wastewater treatment by constructed wetlands enhanced with bioremediating rhizobacteria.

Constructed wetlands (CWs) offer several advantages for treating waters; however, the successful application of these systems remains a challenge. Practical solutions to pollution through CWs remain incipient because wetlands are still studied as "black boxes"; further studies are required regarding the involvement of rhizosphere bacteria in the removal of pollutants. This research focused on increasing the performance of CWs treatment systems for the removal of inorganic and organic pollutants from domestic wastewater, by the application of native bioremediating rhizobacteria. A bacterial consortium (CAD/1S) was designed with four rhizobacteria strains isolated from Typha domingensis plants of natural wetlands. Each individual strain was identified by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. This consortium removed organic matter, ammonium, and phosphate with percentages over 70% from model wastewater. The evaluation of abiotic and biotic factors' influence on pollutant removal indicated the best conditions to remove pollutants: a neutral pH, a 72-h contact time, and an inoculum from single growth of each strain. The subsequent bioaugmentation with the consortium of CWs at laboratory scale allowed 100%, greater than 70 and 55% removal of organic matter, ammonium, and phosphate, respectively. The set of results allowed the proposal of a new strategy for the improvement of CWs technology for the treatment of domestic wastewater pollutants.

Comparative analysis of element concentrations and translocation in three wetland congener plants: Typha domingensis, Typha latifolia and Typha angustifolia

This study analyzed the concentrations and distributions of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in three different cattail species growing spontaneously in a natural wetland subject to municipal wastewater and metal contamination. The cattail species included Typha domingensis, T. latifolia and T. angustifolia. Results showed that all Typha species have similar element concentrations in roots, rhizomes and leaves, and similar element mobility from sediments to roots and from roots to leaves. This study corroborated three patterns of Typha species growing in metal contaminated environments: high tolerance to toxic conditions, bulk element concentrations in roots, and restricted element translocation from roots to leaves. This study showed that three different Typha species respond similarly to metal inputs under the same polluting field conditions. Given their similar metal content and similar biomass size, our results suggest that T. domingensis, T. latifolia and T. angustifolia may have comparable capacity of phytoremediation. High element uptake and large biomass make Typha species some of the best species for phytoremediation of metal contaminated environments.

The Management ofTypha domingensis(Typhaceae) affects Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in the Palo Verde Wetland, Guanacaste, Costa Rica

The Palo Verde wetland, one of the most important places for aquatic organisms in Costa Rica, is currently recovering from an invasive expansion of Typha domingensis (cattail). A monitoring program was designed to understand the potential impacts of different management plans on aquatic fauna and flora. Macroinvertebrates were sampled monthly for one year (Aug 2003–Aug 2004) using an artificial substrate method in three plots: Plot A, T. domingensis has been managed since 1987 by manual and mechanical underwater cutting and posterior grazing; Plot B, T. domingensis has been mechanically crushed since 2002; and Plot C, a homogeneous T. domingensis stand without active management. We identified 112 macroinvertebrate taxa from 53 families and 18 orders. Typha domingensis removal in plots under active management did not increase family or taxa richness. Instead, a greater number of rare taxa persisted in the unmanaged plot, and macroinvertebrate communities differed among plots with less than 60% of taxa shared among them. Furthermore, mean taxa richness was higher in T. domingensis cover (X = 8.56) than in the other vegetation covers (X = 4.6 to 5.54). Macroinvertebrate richness was affected by vegetation cover, sampling date, and depth while abundance was affected by depth and dissolved oxygen. Typha domingensis management is necessary to open areas that allow the development of other vegetation types, a variety of communities of macroinvertebrates, and habitat for birds. However, in order to promote a high macroinvertebrates biodiversity and ensure food sources for waterfowl, the Palo Verde wetland should retain some patches of T. domingensis distributed throughout.

Potential of vegetated ditches to manage organic pollutants derived from agricultural runoff and domestic sewage: A case study in Sinaloa (Mexico)

This case study presents the fate of selected organic, priority and emerging pollutants along a 3.6km sector of a vegetated, agricultural ditch situated in Sinaloa (Mexico). The ditch receives runoff of agriculture and domestic wastewater from an adjacent community. During 2013, the occurrence of 38 organic pollutants (pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), artificial sweeteners and pharmaceutical residues) was monitored monthly at five selected points in the ditch water. Additionally, sediment and Typha domingensis (cattail) plants were collected in March, June, and September 2013 and investigated concerning their ability to absorb and accumulate pollutants. The concentrations of the selected pollutants in the ditch water ranged from sub ngL−1 (metolachlor, atrazine) to μgL−1 (metalaxyl, acesulfame). The metabolites endosulfan sulfate and endosulfan lactone exceeded mostly the concentration of the precursor insecticide endosulfan. Sorption on sediments was of minor relevance for accumulation of pollutants in the ditch system. Concentrations in the sediments varied seasonally and ranged from 0.2 to 12,432μgkg−1 dry weight (d.w.). T. domingensis accumulated ten of the studied pollutants mainly in roots (5–1065μgkg−1 d.w.). Overall, the monitoring results of the ditch compartments indicated that downstream the concentrations of the target pollutants decreased. Under no-flow conditions in the hot season, the ditch revealed a noticeable potential to mitigate pollutants. Among the high microbial activity in the water and the subtropical climate conditions, the ditch vegetation contributed to natural attenuation of the selected pollutants.

Batch Adsorption Studies on the Removal of Lead(II) from Aqueous Solution Using Typha Angustata L.

Batch Adsorption Studies on the Removal of Lead(II) from Aqueous Solution Using Typha Angustata L.

Effects of soil saturation and salinity on seed germination in seven freshwater marsh species from the tropical coast of the Gulf of Mexico

The Gulf of Mexico will be strongly impacted by climate change. Most climate change scenarios predict increases in sea level, which will affect coastal wetland systems. Our aim is to understand how salinity and flooding affect germination in tropical freshwater marsh species. The germination of seven species occurring in coastal freshwater marshes in central Veracruz on the Gulf of Mexico was evaluated. The purpose of this study was to determine in the laboratory the rate and percentage of seed germination at different levels of salinity and flooding for the species: Typha domingensis, Sagittaria lancifolia, Ludwigia octovalvis, Pontederia sagittata, Boehmeria cylindrica, Cyperus digitatus and Fuirena simplex. Germination tests were conducted in Petri dishes. The treatment consisted of two factors: saturation and salinity. The first factor presented two levels (moist and saturated), and the second factor four levels (freshwater, 5, 10 and 15 ppt). The controlled conditions in the germination chamber were light for 14h at 25°C and dark for 10h at 20°C. The results showed that the species germinated faster and had higher germination percentages in the freshwater treatment compared to the more saline conditions. The three most salt-tolerant species were T. domingensis, L. octovalvis and C. digitatus. Additionally, germination was higher under saturated conditions for all species except for B. cylindrica. Based on our results, we conclude that changes in hydroperiod, but mainly an increase in saline conditions, can significantly affect the germination process of coastal freshwater marsh species under wetland salt intrusion.

Hydrology, Soil Carbon Sequestration and Water Retention along a Coastal Wetland Gradient in the Alvarado Lagoon System, Veracruz, Mexico

ABSTRACT Moreno-Casasola, P.; Hernandez, M.E., and Campos C., A., 2017. Hydrology, soil carbon sequestration and water retention along a coastal wetland gradient in the Alvarado Lagoon System, Veracruz, Mexico. In: Martinez, M.L.; Taramelli, A., and Silva, R. (eds.), Coastal Resilience: Exploring the Many Challenges from Different Viewpoints. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 77, pp. 104–115. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The Alvarado Lagoon System (ALS) is a wetland complex in the Gulf of Mexico, with different types of wetlands. We studied six wetland types that differ in species composition and dominant life forms: Rhizophora-Avicennia mangrove, Pachira aquatica freshwater forested wetland, Sabal mexicana flooded palm forest, two broad-leaved marshes (Pontederia sagittata marsh in Rio Blanco; Pithecellobium-Spartina marsh in Popoyeca) and a cattail (Typha domingensis) marsh. The hydroperiod data indicate that all wetland types are flooded for several months of the year, the palm...

An assessment of iron and calcium amendments for managing phosphorus release from impacted Everglades soils

The recent implementation of agricultural best management practices (BMPs) and treatment wetlands called stormwater treatment areas (STAs) have reduced phosphorus (P) concentrations and loadings to the Everglades Protection Area (EPA) in Florida (USA). There is a concern that despite reductions in external P loadings, internal loading from the legacy P enrichment of the EPA wetland soils will continue to elevate water column P concentrations, and may impede restoration outcomes. In an effort to explore ways to reduce soil P efflux, we retrieved intact, vegetated (cattail, Typha domingensis) soil monoliths from two P-enriched areas of the EPA and deployed them at a location where they received pre-treated (low P) surface water as ex situ flow-through mesocosms for 21 months with a mid-study 7-week dry down to mimic natural hydroperiod conditions. Two treatments were tested for soils from both sites, using triplicate mesocosms for each treatment. After applying a herbicide (glyphosate) to eliminate the cattail vegetation, iron (Fe as liquid FeCl3) amendments provided no P retention benefits in the organic soils from the two sites, and did not yield significantly (P > 0.05; n = 43) lower flux rates (6.1 and 3.5 mg Pm−2 d−1) than the herbicide/no soil amendment control (3.9 and 2.1 mg Pm−2 d−1), as was expected. A combination of low oxidation–reduction potential, heightened organic matter P mineralization, high pH, and sulfide production acted interactively to enhance Fe and P mobilization in the Fe-amended mesocosms. The herbicide/limerock (CaCO3)-amended soils exhibited significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05; n = 43) P flux (1.3 and 1.1 mg Pm−2 d−1) than the herbicide/no soil amendment control soils, but it remains unknown whether the observed reduction in P efflux (ranging from 48 to 67%) would justify the expense and potential environmental impacts of applying a surficial limerock amendment to large regions of the P-enriched wetlands.

Flora do Rio de Janeiro: Typhaceae

Resumo O presente estudo tem como objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento das espécies da família Typhaceae Juss. ocorrentes no estado do Rio de Janeiro. O trabalho tem por base a análise morfológica de materiais depositados em herbários e coletas de campo, além da compilação de dados de literatura. Foi registrada uma espécie: Typha domingensis. Descrições, ilustrações, dados sobre hábitat e distribuição geográfica da espécie são apresentados.

Remoção de matéria orgânica e nutrientes de águas residuais de laticínios em sistemas alagados construídos

This work had as objective to evaluate the effectiveness of constructed wetlands systems in wastewater treatment of agribusiness of dairy products. The systems were submitted rates of organic load and nutrients to hydraulic detention time 3.5 days by applying a flow of 7.5 L day-1. Were implanted six experimental units by means of polyethylene tank with a net volume of 75 L, using as means crushed stone no 0 in the three of the systems and crushed stone no 0 and sand in the other three, in the proportion of 80% and 20% sand. Four units were cultivated and two maintained as witnesses. The species selected for cultivation were the macrophytes Typha domingensis and Hedychium coronarium. The efficiencies sized in the nitrogen and phosphorus were between 42 to 50%, and 39 to 43%, respectively, in beds vegetated and 28 to 30% and 16 to 19% in the beds not vegetated, and there are significant differences between beds cultivated and witnesses (p 0.05), between the systems, presenting these efficacies averages of removing 89 to 91% for DBO and 82 to 86% for DQO.

Effects of Environmental Stress on Nutrients of Typha domingensis Pers. Plant in Najaf, Iraq

Effects of Environmental Stress on Nutrients of Typha domingensis Pers. Plant in Najaf, Iraq

Determination of some Heavy Metals Speciation Pattern in Typha domingensis invaded Soil in Bauchi, Nigeria

The speciation of some heavy metals on Typha domingensis invaded soil along Gombe road, Bauchi were evaluated. Soil samples from the Typha domengensis invaded soil and the control site were collected and analysed for exchangeable bound metals, carbonate bound metals, manganese bound metals, iron-manganese bound metals, organic/sulphide bound metals and residual bound metals. The results on the Typha domingensis invaded soil were found to be exchangeable bound metals; Fe 1.47 ± 0.21 mg/dm3, Zn 1.45 ± 0.02 mg/dm3 and Pb 0.16 ± 0.04 mg/dm3. Carbonate bound metals Fe 26.10 ± 1.01 mg/dm3, Zn 2.66 ± 0.17 mg/dm3 and Pb 0.89 ± 0.03 mg/dm3 and Manganese bound metals Fe 14.50 ± 0.45 mg/dm3, Zn 4.03 ± 0.78 mg/dm3 and Pb 1.22 ± 0.06 mg/dm3. Iron-manganese bound metals Fe 120.40 ± 19.15 mg/dm3, Zn 6.79 ± 1.12 mg/dm3 and Pb 2.16 ± 0.05 mg/dm3. Organic/sulphide bound metals Fe 5.90 ± 0.50 mg/dm3, Zn 4.14 ± 0.68 mg/dm3 and Pb 3.58 ± 0.07 mg/dm3. Residual bound metals Fe 13.10 ± 0.55 mg/dm3, Zn 6.12 ± 0.17 mg/dm3 and Pb 4.48 ± 0.09 mg/dm3.The results of the control sample (without Typha domingensis) shows that the exchangeable bound metals Fe 9.40 ± 1.89 mg/dm3, Zn 1.71 ± 0.45 mg/dm3 and Pb 0.28 ± 0.05 mg/dm3, Carbonate bound metals Fe 0.70 ± 0.12 mg/dm3, Zn 2.20 ± 0.71 mg/dm3 and Pb 0.46 ± 0.12 mg/dm3, Manganese bound metals Fe 2.50 ± 0.21 mg/dm3, Zn 1.90 ± 0.09 mg/dm3 and Pb 1.68 ± 0.04 mg/dm3, Iron-manganese bound metals Fe 221.30 ± 21.12 mg/dm3, Zn 7.46 ± 0.48 mg/dm3 and Pb 2.75 ± 0.06 mg/dm3, Organic/sulphide Fe 4.20 ± 0.62 mg/dm3, Zn 3.70 ± 0.80 mg/dm3 and Pb 3.93 ± 0.04 mg/dm3 and Residual bound metals Fe 30.10 ± 5.80 mg/dm3, Zn 7.38 ± 0.61 mg/dm3 and Pb 0.53 ± 0.03 mg/dm3. Statistical analysis using pooled standard deviation methods of computing t indicates significant difference in all the fractions at (p=0.05). This research work shows that the plant (Typha domingensis) have negative impacts on the soil samples.

Floristic diversity and vegetation structure of Al-Dissah area northwestern Saudi Arabia

This study was conducted on wadi Al-Dissah; a part of Jabal Qaraqir and its surrounding area in the Northwestern region of Saudi Arabia. Jabal Qaraqir in Saudi Arabia is the first site to be assessed for the Important Plant Area (IPA) programme in the Arabian Peninsula. This paper has the objective of determining the floristic composition, species diversity and the vegetation structure of the plant communities, including a breakdown of its different life forms and chorology of the recorded species. A total of 63 species belonging to 61 genera and 31 families were recorded. One family; Adiantaceae belongs to Pteridophyta, while the other 30 families are angiospermae. About 35% of the recorded species in the study area are belonging to four families: Asteraceae and Poaceae had the highest contribution (each had 9.5% of the total species followed by Boraginaceae and Fabaceae (7.9% each). The data also reflect the high taxonomic diversity in the study area. The life form spectrum of the recorded species showed the prevalence of theorphytes (49.2%) followed by chamaephytes (17.5%), phanerphytes (14.3%), geophytes (9.5%), while the least frequent life form class was hemicryptophytes (7.9%). The chorological analysis of the recorded species in the study area showed the predominance of biregional taxa (50.8%) over the other phytogeographical elements followed by the monoregional (25.4%). The present study findings showed that most species belonged to Saharo-Arabian – Sudanian (15.9%) followed by Sudanian elements (11.1%). Only one endemic species is recorded in the study area; Dolichorhynchus arabicus I.C.Hedge & KitTan (syn Douepea arabica). It is a rare threatened endemic plant species in Saudi Arabia. It was locally in Wadi Qaraqir. Other rare species were Ficus palmata which is a small tree with edible fruits, belonging to family Moraceae, and Parietaria umbricola which is an annual species belonging to family Urticaceae. Plant species of Al-Dissah area were checked with international IUCN list. Eight of the recorded species in the study area are globally threatened and incorporated into the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Version 3.1: Cyperus laevigatus, Mentha longifolia, Nerium oleander, Phragmites australis, Tamarix nilotica, Typha domingensis, Chrozophora tinctoria, Adiantum capillus-veneris. All of them are included in the least concern category. Five plant communities were recognized in the study area. The highest plant diversity was reported in plant communities which occupy the wet wadi bed where the perennial stream flows together with the nearby areas between palm trees; Phragmites australis and Mentha longifolia communities. As floristic analyses are the prerequisites for conservation of plant species, therefore, it is critical to examine the current status of floristic and species diversity to provide appropriate guidelines for developing effective system of conservation and management. Information from this study may provide a valuable reference for appropriate conservation and management of the study area.

Invasive Plants of West Africa: Concepts, Overviews and Sustainable Management

Invasive species are considered as one of the most environmental challenges of the 21st century. They constitute the second cause of biodiversity loss and lead to high economic disruption and public health. Despite significant, financial and human investments made by countries and world conservation of biodiversity agencies, there are not strategies that lead to appropriate measures for sustainable management and control. The objective of this study is to assess the state of knowledge on invasive plants in West Africa and to promote knowledge and exchange information. It contributes also to establish in Western African region, a coordinated early warning system through a network of intervention. The paper discusses concepts and bio-ecology of invasive plants, gives precise indications on their diversity and distribution. To achieve the objectives, a literature review was carried out to collect data on invasive species from Western African countries. Therefore, different information sources included floras, database and collection were consulted. The results how that in West Africa, the information collected on invasive plants indicate that 113 invasive species are reported, distributed in 94 genera and 43 families. The most represented families are Poaceae (17 species) and Leguminosae (16 species). They are followed by Cyperaceae (9 species) and Asteraceae (6 species). Euphorbiaceae, Solanaceae and Nympheaceae have 4 species each one. The most common invasive species in West African countries are present in, at least, eight countries. They are: Chromolaena odorata, Eichhornia crassipes, Salvinia molesta, Typha domingensis and Pistia stratiotes. Depending on data availability, the presence and importance of invasive plants vary from one country to another. It must be noticed that there are few data related to Cape Verde, Guinea Bissau and Nigeria. Recommendations were formulated to improve knowledge and sustainable management of invasive plants in West Africa. The expected results of this work should improve the understanding of issues related to invasive species at national and regional levels

Gas emission from anaerobic decomposition of plant resources

Abstract: Aim The aim of this study was to quantify the emission rates of gases resulting from the anaerobic decomposition of different plant resources under conditions usually found in sediments of tropical aquatic systems and drained organic soils. Methods Incubations were prepared with green leaves, bark, twigs, plant litter, sugarcane stalks and leaves, soybean leaves, grasses, forest leaves and an aquatic macrophyte (Typha domingensis). Over 10 months, the daily volume of gas evolved from decay was measured and a kinetic model was used to describe the anaerobic mineralization. Results Using the mathematical model, it can be observed that the composition of the plant resources is heterogeneous. The temporal variation of the gas rates indicated that the mineralization of the labile fractions of detritus varied, on a carbon basis, from 16.2 (bark) to 100% (samples composed of leaves, grasses and sugar cane stalks). High gas emissions were observed during the mineralization of grasses, sugar cane stalks, leaves and plant litter, while low volumes of gases were measured during the mineralization of bark, twigs, forest leaves and T. domingensis, which are the most fibrous and recalcitrant resources (carbon content: 83.8, 78.2, 64.8 and 53.4%, respectively). The mineralization of labile carbon presented half-life values, which varied from 41 (twigs) to 295 days (grasses). Conclusions Considering the high amount of remaining recalcitrant fraction, the anaerobic decomposition of these plant resources showed a strong trend towards accumulating organic matter in flooded soils. Despite the higher temperatures found in the tropical environment, these environments represent a sink of particulate detritus due to its slow decomposition.

Seasonal allocation of carbohydrates between above‐ and below‐ground organs of Typha domingensis

Seasonal carbohydrates allocation by Typha domingensis was evaluated to identify the potential physiological weaknesses in the growth cycle of this plant in Lake Burullus, Egypt. Monthly plant samples (February–October 2014) were separated into shoots, roots and rhizomes to evaluate the seasonal changes in water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSC), starch and total non‐structural carbohydrates (TNC) for each plant organ. The present study indicated that rhizomes are strong carbohydrates sink during the life cycle of T. domingensis. Starch represented the greatest part of the TNC pool, surpassing the concentration of WSC 1.8–4.3 times. The WSC, starch and TNC concentrations of T. domingensis below‐ground organs (rhizomes and roots) were high at the beginning of the vegetative period (February); they reached their minima in March to support the shoots growth, then were followed by a gradual increase due to the translocation from shoots. The time when T. domingensis is expected to be most susceptible to a management technique is at the point in the seasonal cycle when the stored carbohydrates are at the lowest (in March).

Accounting for the Impact of Management Scenarios on Typha Domingensis (Cattail) in an Everglades Wetland.

The coupled regional simulation model, and the transport and reaction simulation engine were recently adapted to simulate ecology, specifically Typha domingensis (Cattail) dynamics in the Everglades. While Cattail is a native Everglades species, it has become invasive over the years due to an altered habitat over the last few decades, taking over historically Cladium jamaicense (Sawgrass) areas. Two models of different levels of algorithmic complexity were developed in previous studies, and are used here to determine the impact of various management decisions on the average Cattail density within Water Conservation Area 2A in the Everglades. A Global Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis was conducted to test the importance of these management scenarios, as well as the effectiveness of using zonal statistics. Management scenarios included high, medium and low initial water depths, soil phosphorus concentrations, initial Cattail and Sawgrass densities, as well as annually alternating water depths and soil phosphorus concentrations, and a steadily decreasing soil phosphorus concentration. Analysis suggests that zonal statistics are good indicators of regional trends, and that high soil phosphorus concentration is a pre-requisite for expansive Cattail growth. It is a complex task to manage Cattail expansion in this region, requiring the close management and monitoring of water depth and soil phosphorus concentration, and possibly other factors not considered in the model complexities. However, this modeling framework with user-definable complexities and management scenarios, can be considered a useful tool in analyzing many more alternatives, which could be used to aid management decisions in the future.