Types Of Worms Research Articles

Deworming and adjuvant interventions for improving the developmental health and well‐being of children in low‐ and middle‐income countries: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis

Deworming and adjuvant interventions for improving the developmental health and well‐being of children in low‐ and middle‐income countries: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis

Helmintofauna of sheep and goats in Dnipropetrovsk region

Wormsof classes Nematoda Rudolphi, 1808, Trematoda Rudolphi, 1808 and Cestoda Rudolphi, 1808 were registered in small ruminants (sheep and goats) in Dnipropetrovsk region. Identified nematodes belongto Strongylata Railliet et Henry, 1913, Rhabditata Chitwood, 1933 and Trichurata Skrjabin, 1915. Among the trematodes, representatives of Fasciolata (Skrjabin et Schulz, 1935) were identified. Cestodes were represented by Anoplocephalata (Skrjabin, 1933). Among the specific types of nematodes,representatives of the Strongylata suborder were found: Muellerius sp., Protostrongylus sp., Haemonchus contortus Rundolphi, 1802, Nematodirus sp. Among the helminths Rhabditata we identified Strongyloides papillosus Wedl, 1856, Trichurata –Trichuris sp., Fasciolata –Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus, 1758 andDicrocelium lanceatum Stiles et Hassall, 1896, Anoplocephalata –Moniezia expansa (Rudolphi, 1810) andM. benedeni (Moniez, 1879). The dominant species among worms in ungulates was defined as nematode H. contortus. The smallest share in the group was taken by trematode species F. hepatica and nematodesTrichuris sp. The highest biodiversity indices are recorded in samples of material selected from ungulates consuming pasture herbage from May to September (ten species of worms belonging to three classes:Muellerius sp., Protostrongylus sp., H. contortus, Nematodirus sp., S. papillosus, Trichuris sp., F. hepatica, D. lanceatum, M. expansa, M. benedeni were registered). In animals not pastured throughout the year three types of worms of the class Nematoda: S. papillosus, H. contortus and Nematodirus sp. were defined.

318 各種ウォームとかみ合うプラスチックヘリカルホイールの疲労寿命推定(機素潤滑設計III)

318 各種ウォームとかみ合うプラスチックヘリカルホイールの疲労寿命推定(機素潤滑設計III)

Estudo etnofarmacológico e etnobotânico de Himatanthus drasticus (Mart.) Plumel (janaguba)

RESUMO Himatanthus drasticus (Mart.) Plumel, janaguba, produz um látex em seu caule que é usado para o tratamento de alguns tipos de câncer, vermes intestinais, febre, menstruações irregulares, infertilidade feminina e úlceras gástricas. Estudos fitoquímicos revelaram a presença de acetato de lupeol e proteínas; e estudos farmacológicos, os efeitos antiúlcera, antitumoral, imunomodulador, analgésico e anti-inflamatório. O presente trabalho objetivou realizar levantamento etnobotânico e etnofarmacológico sobre H. drasticus como contribuição ao conhecimento científico da referida espécie. Foi elaborado um questionário, que foi aplicado em entrevista a 21 raizeiros nos mercados das cidades de Crato, Fortaleza e Pacajus do estado do Ceará (CE). Observou-se que 38,1% dos raizeiros têm mais de 10 anos de serviço e 47,6%, estão na faixa etária de 40 a 59 anos, o que representa um fator positivo quanto à experiência com plantas medicinais. Aproximadamente 85,7% dos raizeiros relataram o uso do látex da H. drasticus para tratamento de úlcera; 66,7% para inflamação; 66,7% para câncer. Verificou-se que as principais indicações terapêuticas relatadas pelos raizeiros sobre esta espécie estão de acordo com as informações científicas. Os levantamentos etnobotânicos e etnofarmacológicos exercem um papel primordial no resgate do conhecimento tradicional, nos meios rurais e urbanos, tanto por seu valor histórico-cultural, como também pela necessidade de confirmação das indicações de uso.

<em>Cusculium</em> (Plin. XVI 32), <em>coscus</em> (Chiron 237) y <em>coccolubis</em> (Colum. III 2.19), sustrato mediterráneo y formas latinas

Cusculium, a hapax used by Pliny in its accusative form, has a Pre-Roman base ( cuscu- ) that is found throughout western Mediterranean countries; the same root appears in coscus, referring to certain types of worm. Given its Latin ending, the word could be used to designate both the tree ( cusculius «kermes oak») and its acorns ( cusculium ). Coccolubis is a compound adjective, the first element of which is the diminutive of coccum («grain of kermes»), which carries the same Mediterranean root as the previous word. Given its use as an epithet for a type of vine, its second element may be seen to contain the base of the noun uua. Its original form may have therefore been coccoluuis («of red grape»). The Navarran term cuzculubita («oak apple»), however, suggests that a Pre-Roman compound may have existed.

Malware Prevention and Detection System using Smart Phone

Mobile malware is a malicious software.This software used to disrupt computer operation. This paper surveys current state of mobile malware in the wild. Types of malware includingviruses,Trojans,Rootkits,Zombies,worms,Spyware,a dware,spam,email and Denial Of Services(DOS) attaks. Survey the different types of operating system in different differ mobile.In this paper, we present the different types of malware detection techniques & discuss the smart phone security challenges.

The Worm by E. Gravel

Gravel, Elise. The Worm. Ed. S. Swenson. Toronto, ON: Tundra Books, 2014. Print.Elise Gravel is a Quebec based author and illustrator known for producing original, quirky picture books. In 2012 she won the Governor General’s Award for Children’s Illustration in French for her book "La clé à molette". Her background in graphic design easily lends itself to illustration and is exemplified in her latest work, The Worm.First in Gravel’s Disgusting Critters series, The Worm humorously introduces its readers to the history and lifestyle of the worm. The narrative is both informative and playful, balancing each worm-fact with a pithy commentary from the worms themselves, saying things like “Hey…I’m not disgusting!” and “Feel these [muscles].” Different types of worms are given a quick spotlight, such as the tapeworm, flatworm, and white worm, and extra attention is paid to the earthworm because, as an image of the worm exclaims, “[its] the most popular!” Gravel’s text is highly stylized, using different yet consistent typeface throughout to emphasize key words and concepts; the worms themselves are depicted in pink and can be seen looking into a little blue purse, flexing its (metaphorical) biceps, and dining inside the belly of animal (parasites!).The Worm seamlessly introduces interesting and important worm-facts (like the fact that earthworms are “basically a long digestive tract” and that they sense light via their photoreceptors because they have no eyes), and it does so in a medium that is delightful and downright charming. What’s even better is that it is available in both English and French, making it a perfect candidate for any bilingual classroom or home. This picture book is appropriate for early readers, ages 6-8, or anyone wanting to learn about worms. Other books in the Disgusting Critters series like The Fly, are also worth exploring.Highly Recommended: 4 out of 4 starsReviewer: Jessica ThorlaksonJessica Thorlakson is a Public Services Librarian at the University of Alberta’s H. T. Coutts Education and Physical Education Library. She has a background in English Literature and enjoys little more than reading a good book and drinking some tea.

Intestinal trematode infections.

Intestinal trematodes are among the most common types of parasitic worms. About 76 species belonging to 14 families have been recorded infecting humans. Infection commonly occurs when humans eat raw or undercooked foods that contain the infective metacercariae. These parasites are diverse in regard to their morphology, geographical distribution and life cycle, which make it difficult to study the parasitic diseases that they cause. Many of these intestinal trematodes have been considered as endemic parasites in the past. However, the geographical limits and the population at risk are currently expanding and changing in relation to factors such as growing international markets, improved transportation systems, new eating habits in developed countries and demographic changes. These factors make it necessary to better understand intestinal trematode infections. This chapter describes the main features of human intestinal trematodes in relation to their biology, epidemiology, host–parasite relationships, pathogenicity, clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment and control.

Development of Colon Delivery Tablets of Albendazole using pH-Dependent Polymers

Albendazole is a banzimidazole derivative with broad spectrum anthelmentic activity and excellent tolerability. Albendazole was selected for colon delivery because the colon is the major site of residence for several types of worms and only a very small amount of drug reaches the colon after oral administration. The objective of this work was to deliver Albendazole to colon by coating it with various pH dependent polymers and plasticizers. The formulations were prepared with lactose monohydrate by wet granulation method using Starch paste and coated with pH dependent polymers and plasticizers. The prepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, drug content and in vitro dissolution. Among all formulations, Eudragit S100 coated tablets showed the best outcome to protect the drug in stomach environment as compare to CAP. Tablets coated with 8% Eudragit S100 showed 98.08% drug release within 12 hr. These findings indicate the potential viability using pH dependent polymers for colon specific drug delivery.

Invitro Anthelmintic Activity of Bark of Azadirachta indica against Ascardi galli and Eudrilus eugeniae

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the bark of Azadirachta indica (Family - Meliaceae) and its different extracts ( viz. ethanol and aqueous) against Ascardi galli and Eudrilus eugeniae . Various concentrations (50 and 100 mg/ml) of ethanolic and aqueous extracts and its various fractions were evaluated in the bioassay involving determination of time of paralysis (P) and time of death (D) of both types of the worms. Piperazine citrate was used as standard anthelmintic drug and distilled water was used as control. The results of the present study indicated that the alcoholic ethanol and aqueous extracts of the bark significantly exhibited paralysis (P < 0.05) in worms in lower dose 50 mg/ml and also caused death of worms especially at higher concentration of 100 mg/ml, as compared to standard drug. Further studies are in process to isolate the active principle's responsible for the activity.

Self-Reproduction of Worms in Asynchronous Cellular Automata

This paper proposes a new self-reproductive model for worms in asynchronous cellular automata, in which a variety of worms can be self-reproduced based on the shape-encoding mechanism. By dealing with interplays among worms properly, they can self-reproduce in parallel. Furthermore, self-reproduction of a worm accompanies leaving the shape information, which avoids the overcrowding of worms on cellular space. Experiments show that a space usually results in dominance by only one type of worms due to space competition, even more than one type of worms on a space in the initial, which to some extent displays the characteristic of artificial evolutionary in our self-reproductive model.

Helmith Parasites Found in Goats Slaughtered for Meat in Etim Ekpo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Goats are small ruminants which are reared for several purposes especially in the rural area where they serve as a ready source of cash in meeting with sudden family needs. One of the most prevalent diseases militating against them is worm parasites. The aim of the study was to find out the major types of worms that are prevalent in Etim Ekpo local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State which parasitize goats, thus confirm the economic importance of the worm parasites. 250 samples were randomly collected from the goats slaughtered slabs scattered all over the local government Area using sterile swaps. Saturated salt solution was prepared and used in locating the worm eggs present thus the types of worm parasites using simple floatation method. It was found out that several species of worm viz: Heterakis, Trichostrongylus, Heamonchus, Tricuris, Monienza, Oesophagustomum, Ascaridia, Ostergia etc were found in an average of 48.8% of samples collected, using simple percentage. This it was confirmed that worm parasites are a major constraint in it development of goats in the area. It was also noted that the worm was present in all goats slaughtered for meat in the local government area. Since the offal are washed into a nearby streams which help to spread it to the people who use water from the same stream to bath, wash, and other things that may require water. It was suggested that thorough ante and post mortem should be carried out and treatment should be given where necessary to prevent the spread of the disease to the consumers. Keywords : Goats; Helminthes; Tricuris; Ascaridia; Heterakis; Slaughter

Agent-based honeynet framework for protecting servers in campus networks

Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) and intrusion prevention systems (IPSs) that use signatures cannot protect servers from new types of internet worms. Therefore it is important to collect information about new attacks because the detection rules employed by IDSs and IPSs are formulated using this information. Honeypots are valuable security resources that act as baits for attackers. They can monitor intrusions by being probed, attacked or compromised and can detect zero-day attacks and provide researchers intending to improve security with information about the attacks. However, it is almost impossible to immediately generate detection rules from the information collected by honeypots. This study presents an agent-based honeynet framework for protecting servers in a campus network. In this framework, agents remove malicious processes and executable files on servers infected by zero-day attacks as soon as the honeynet detects them. The proposed framework provides a novel defense mechanism that protects servers from new types of internet worms effectively, without the use of signatures.

Anthelmintic activity of Clerodendrum viscosum

The juice of the fresh leaves of Clerodendrum viscosum is widely used in the treatment of helminthiasis in folklore medicine. In this present study we have investigated the folklore claim methodically and scientifically. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts of leaves and roots of the plant are tested against Pheretima posthuma & Ascardia galli to ascertain their anthelmintic potential. All the extracts showed significant anthelmintic activity in dose dependent manner; the ethanolic extract of root at a dose of 200 mg/ml exhibited better anthelmintic activity than the reference drug, Piperazine citrate (10 mg/ml) against both type of worms.

Effect of parasites on the of digestive system in Iraqi bulbul Pycnonotus lecuotis mesoptamiae

This study included collecting of 150 specimens of the Iraqi Bird Bulbule Pycnonotus lecuotis mesoptamiae (Pycnotidae , Passeriformes), from the 1st of November 2004 to 30th of October 2005 in the city of Baghdad and its suburbs, in concern of identifying the internal parasite of the digestive tract of these birds and studying the diseases resulted from the infection. The study showed that the bird Bulbule is Parasitized by Four types of Cestodes ,two of them are recorded in this kind of bird in Iraq for the first time ,Paradicranotinae anormalis and Haploparaxis sp. , and the other two are Raillietina tetragona and Allohymenolepsis sp. ,and by two types of Pin Worm(Trematode) that are identified for the first time in the Bird Bulbul , Mosesia Chordilesia and Plagiorchis sp. , Gross study showed that the oral cavity ,pharynx and esophagus had no pathological changes in all infected birds .The muscular stomach looked pale ,nearly brown and corroded ,while the mucosa had rottenness and decay in its grooves .The intestinal walls of the infected birds showed spherical ,small size, solid and rough knots and haemorrhgic bruises. some infected birds developed pale and large in size liver . Histological study showed no pathological changes in the oral cavity, pharynx and esophagus of the infected birds. Chronic inflammations and rottenness has been detected in the glandular stomach and the musculae stomach.The villi of the small intestine of the infected birds appeared to have abnormal shapes, cracked and with lost details compared to the control, beside the hypertrophy of the enteric glandular layer. The caecae and the large intestine were healthy for all the examined birds. The study showed also the presence of common lesions in the same organ and other organs of the digestive tract of the same birds, chronic intestinal inflammation, villi atrophy and hypertrophy accompanied the muscular stomach, the liver and pancreatic inflammation for the same bird with the rate of (10.66%).

Effect of parasites on the of digestive system in Iraqi bulbul Pycnonotus lecuotis mesoptamiae

This study included collecting of 150 specimens of the Iraqi Bird Bulbule Pycnonotus lecuotis mesoptamiae (Pycnotidae , Passeriformes), from the 1st of November 2004 to 30th of October 2005 in the city of Baghdad and its suburbs, in concern of identifying the internal parasite of the digestive tract of these birds and studying the diseases resulted from the infection. The study showed that the bird Bulbule is Parasitized by Four types of Cestodes ,two of them are recorded in this kind of bird in Iraq for the first time ,Paradicranotinae anormalis and Haploparaxis sp. , and the other two are Raillietina tetragona and Allohymenolepsis sp. ,and by two types of Pin Worm(Trematode) that are identified for the first time in the Bird Bulbul , Mosesia Chordilesia and Plagiorchis sp. , Gross study showed that the oral cavity ,pharynx and esophagus had no pathological changes in all infected birds .The muscular stomach looked pale ,nearly brown and corroded ,while the mucosa had rottenness and decay in its grooves .The intestinal walls of the infected birds showed spherical ,small size, solid and rough knots and haemorrhgic bruises. some infected birds developed pale and large in size liver . Histological study showed no pathological changes in the oral cavity, pharynx and esophagus of the infected birds. Chronic inflammations and rottenness has been detected in the glandular stomach and the musculae stomach.The villi of the small intestine of the infected birds appeared to have abnormal shapes, cracked and with lost details compared to the control, beside the hypertrophy of the enteric glandular layer. The caecae and the large intestine were healthy for all the examined birds. The study showed also the presence of common lesions in the same organ and other organs of the digestive tract of the same birds, chronic intestinal inflammation, villi atrophy and hypertrophy accompanied the muscular stomach, the liver and pancreatic inflammation for the same bird with the rate of (10.66%).

Negative appendectomy experience in children

The aim of this study was to discuss the findings of our patients who had negative appendectomy. Hospital records of negative appendectomy for abdominal pain patients were evaluated retrospectively. Negative exploration for acute appendicitis (AP) was done in 149 patients. The most frequent complaints were abdominal pain, vomiting and fever. The commonly established diagnoses after negative exploration were gastroenteritis and urinary infections. However, the frequent pathologies observed during the operation were mesenteric lymphadenitis and Meckel's diverticulum. All patients with systemic disease such as Henoch-Schonlein's purpura operated for AP had it diagnosed during the postoperative course. Interestingly, two different types of worms were found in the lumen of the appendices. Despite new techniques, 100% correct diagnosis of AP is still a challenging problem. Furthermore, appendicitis is a deadly disease if not treated properly. Therefore, it is best to perform exploration without undue delay in cases with suspicious AP.

STUDY EFFECT OF SOME CONTAMINATION SOURCES IN THE INFECTION TRANSPORT OF THE INTESTINAL PARASITES AMONG CHILDREN IN SOME VILLAGES OF MOSUL CITY

The paper aims to perform study to investigate the types and percentage of intestinal protozoa and worms parasites spread among the children in different countryside located around Mosul city. The study involved different samples of children whom uses water and foods from different supply sources and lived indoors made of different establishing materials. The study has carried out during the interval extended from March 2007 to Aprial 2008 and involved 1317 an investigated samples of children at ages (1-14) years. The obtained results have showed an existence of different types of parasites and worms in different types of protozoa and worms in the used samples. The protozoa groups showed presence of Entamoeba coli, Gairdia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica and Iodomoeba butschlii types, while the worms types were Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Hymenolypis nana and Taenia saginata as well. Moreover, the study has also showed that the maximum infections were (62.3% ) between children engage indoors of mad made, 73.2% Jaetween children use shared water: tap water plus well's water, whereas the maximum percentage infection was 98.5%) between children depending on agriculture and animals in their living

P03-83 - Ekbom syndrome: a case report

IntroductionDelusional parasitosis, also known as Ekbom syndrome, is the most frequent among the somatic delusions. It may occur at any age but is more common in the elderly, particularly in females. It is a syndrome in which the patient has the false belief that he is infested by some type of insects, lice, worms or other invertebrates, and that they live or grow under their skin or inside their body. Psychiatric interventions are usually rejected by these patients and long-term treatments are frequently abandoned.Objectives and methodA clinical case was followed and reviewed to illustrate the links between somatic delusions, hypochondriasis, somatization and obsessive disorders.ResultsA 58-year-old female presents delusions of infestation. She has a long history of somatization and hypochondria, which can be interpreted as a continuum in the onset of the delusional syndrome. In this case, delusions of infestation are projected onto a third person. Psychophramacological treatment with long acting injectable risperidone was then introduced, as an alternative to drugs previously used.ConclusionsThe effectiveness of pimozide and risperidone for the Ekbom syndrome has been documented in the literature. In our case, we decided to introduce long acting injectable risperidone after several rejections or long-term discontinuation in oral treatments.

Filariasis In The Arm – A Diagnostic Enigma!

Lymphatic filariasis is a disease of the tropics. It is caused by infection with any of several round, thread-like parasitic worms. This most commonly occurs due to infection with a parasite that lives in the lymph system. This is called lymphatic filariasis. The parasite is spread from person to person by infected mosquitoes. Long-term exposure and repeated infections can cause severe damage to the lymph system and serious, debilitating complications. Prevention centers on controlling mosquito populations in communities and avoiding mosquito bites. Filariasis is caused by three types of parasitic worms: Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugia timori. We report a case of lymphatic filariasis in the right arm, in a young 22-year-old male. This was treated by excision of the dilated lymphatic vessel which revealed the presence of live worms.