Types Of Symbols Research Articles

MULTIMODAL TEXT TYPE MESSAGE IN THE TELEGRAM MESSENGER (BASED ON THE CHANNEL OF THE GERMAN PARTY AFD)

Multimodality is a central property of modern communication spaces, presented in the form of websites, web channels, and messengers, where the user encounters written and spoken speech, sound, and image in their combination. By decoding information in a multimedia message, the user encounters elements of different modalities, coming through different forms of perception: iconic (textual), auditory and visual. The steps in decoding the elements of the modalities are reading the text typed in a large header, visualizing the pictures, recognizing the text format and font, and reading the content of the message. Elements of modalities, except sound, can be arranged in the communication space in a certain order to ensure the visibility of the message and increase the information content of the messages, e. g.: the image in a cohesive combination with text, using different types of typographic fonts, colors and symbols. Multimodality is the media backbone of the German channel of political party AfD, with more than 19,000 subscribers in the messenger Telegram. The corpus of examples is compiled from 310 messages between January and December 2021. Messages in Telegram are a multimodal text type. Most of the messages are direct critical against the policies pursued by the German parties in the government. The article considers the peculiarities of the use of lexical means (emotive vocabulary, metaphors, lexicon, slogan, formality) and pragma-stylistic means (exclamatives, rhetorical questions) in combination with the image in multimodal messages in the German-language channel of the political party AfD — Im Brennpunkt

인구이동 플로의 지리적 시각화를 위한 개념적 명료화: 우리나라 2020년 인구이동에 대한 주제도 제작

The main objective of this study is to provide conceptual clarifications on geovisualization for migration flow and to exemplify them with various thematic maps for internal migration data of South Korea. A spatial framework for migration studies is offered based on an in-depth discussion on the spatial scale concept. Various migration measures are properly placed on a typology table on which one dimension is about their characteristics and the other is about their spatial scales. A proper way to combine various measures and the three major types of thematic mapping, proportional symbol, choropleth, and flow maps, is examined. Thematic maps for the internal migration flow data in South Korea in 2020 are offered at three different regional scales: a kind of bivariate proportional symbol map for net migrants and net migration rates and a choropleth map for migration effectiveness at the general regional scale; a couple of proportional symbol maps and a couple of choropleth maps for row-standardization and column-standardization proportions at the region-specific level; and a couple of flow maps for stream effectiveness and dominant flows at the inter-regional scale. This study is expected to foster exploratory spatial data analysis for migration flow data beyond simple data visualization.

Analysis of the types of symbols used by Korean University

대학의 상징은 그 의미로만 보더라도 대학을 대표하는 하나의 인증과 같은 의미를 지니게 된다. 대학은 상징을 활용하여 공인된 대학의 이미지를 사람들에게 각인시키고 대학의 정체성 및 정통성을 추구한다. 연구의 방법은 영국의 대학평가기관인 QS 세계대학평가(2021) 데이터를 기준으로 한다. 그중, 아시아 대학평가 상위 20위 이내에 속한 국내 4개 대학을 대상으로 각 대학의 상징활용에 대해서 조사·분석하였다. 대학의 상징을 활용하고 있는 유형과 내용적 측면을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 상징의 이미지 구성은 많게는 6개부터 적게는 2개 정도의 요소를 포함하고 있다. 상징 표현 형태는 구상적 형태가 대부분이다. 대표 상징색은 모두 하나의 색상을 선택하고 있다. 마지막으로 상징(심볼)이 표현하고 있는 색채는 단순한 색상 위주로 이루어져 있다.In that sense alone, the symbol of a university has the same meaning as a certification representing the university. Universities use symbols to imprint the image of an accredited university on people and pursue its identity and legitimacy. The research method is based on the data of QS World University Evaluation (2021), a British university evaluation agency. Among them, four domestic universities in the top 20 in the Asian university evaluation were surveyed and analyzed on the use of symbols by each university. The types and content aspects using the symbols of universities were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, the image composition of the symbol contains as many as 6 to as 2 elements. Most of the symbolic expression forms are conceptual. All of the representative symbolic colors are choosing one color. Finally, the colors expressed by the symbol consist mainly of simple colors.

Effect of Luminance and Contrast Variation on Stereoacuity Measurements Using Smartphone Technology.

Owing to the limitations of printed stereoacuity tests, the effects of luminance and contrast on stereopsis have not yet been sufficiently investigated, despite its important implications in designing stereoacuity measuring instruments, particularly for electronic devices. A stereopsis measurement system was established using two 4 K smartphones and a phoropter to evaluate the effects of luminance and contrast variations on the stereoacuity test. Seventeen young subjects with normal visual acuity and stereopsis were recruited. Two types of test symbols, contour-based and random-dot-based, were used in the experiment. Four series tests were established with different maximum brightness values, including 240 lux, 120 lux, 60 lux, and 30 lux. Each series test contained 19 pages with different contrasts between 95% and 5% and was calculated using the Michelson contrast formula. No significant difference was found for both contour-based and random-dot-based stereograms in any of the contrast groups with different maximum brightness. Similarly, no significant difference was found between contour-based and random-dot-based patterns under different contrasts of above 35%. As the contrast decreased below 30%, the stereopsis was significantly better in the contour-based pattern than in the random-dot-based pattern for some degrees of contrast. The luminance and contrast of the digital display are not critical factors for stereoacuity under normal circumstances. This implies that a standard monitor with a certain 3D technology can be used to measure the stereoacuity threshold without calibrating the luminance and contrast.

Symbolika przestrzeni miejskiej a symbol w przestrzeni publicznej

The Symbolism of Urban Space Versus the Symbol of Public Space The article presents an original analysis of the symbolism of urban space and types of symbols complementing public space. It describes the symbolism of a space, what creates it, how it can be interpreted and what role it played in the past and now. Extremely interesting examples of symbolic structures in Poland and other European countries are presented. The features and functions of the symbol in the public space are distinguished and its meaning for the recipient is indicated.

Miejsca pamięci, pamięć traumatyczna i nostalgiczna oraz pamięć językowa w życiu rodzinnym powojennych przesiedleńców z północnokresowego Nowogródka i okolicy

This article refers to the studies from so-called Memory Science, an interdisciplinary scientific field, which has received a lot of attention in the last few decades. The purpose of the article is to present the elements of symbolic types of „memory” (indicated in the title of the article) in the collective memory of post-war displaced people from Novogrudok and the surrounding area. The method of writing and recording of statements and excerpts from correspondence was used to collect the memoirs; the linguistic material was collected on the basis of long-term linguistic observations of displaced people, questionnaires and excerpts from written sources (letters, school notebooks, drafts of applications and various notes). Traumatic memory refers to the painful events of World War I, the period of the Polish-Bolshevik war (1919–1921), recalled in the interwar period, as well as memories from the Second World War (memories of the murdered Jews of Novogrudok). This includes the two post-war years, in which the displaced people had to leave Novogrudok. Nostalgic memory is based on the fact that after 1945 they missed their homeland, Novogrudok and its surroundings, something that was valuable in their life but was lost. The manifestation of linguistic memory is primarily the fact that more than 200 well-known lexical kresovisms, mainly of Belarusian, Belarusian-Russian and Russian origin, have been preserved in the language of displaced people from Novogrudok and the surrounding area, and partly in the language of their children (born no later than 10–15 years after the war).

How to decode interstellar messages

How can we determine the meaning of a message from a distant civilization if we do not have a common language? This paper presents a general technique and principles for decoding interstellar messages: First, find the dimension of the message. Prime numbers may be useful in determining the proportions of messages. Next, find the symbols. This can be done considering symbol types: delimiters, values, relationships, and functions. Then, find the symbol meanings. Features that can help in determining meaning include sub-symbolic type, redundant symbols, expression consistency, physics ratios, and physics expression patterns. Concepts in this paper can be used when a message from another civilization is received, or they can be used to create messages, which can teach communication theory concepts.

Task of leadership for intercultural opening strategies in organizations in adult and continuing education

In view of the growing number of people with a migration background, continuing education organizations are faced with strategic tasks of intercultural opening. These tasks require leaders to initiate and expand integration-promoting teaching work, to promote the intercultural sensitization of the members of the organization, and to develop an intercultural culture. This is a wide issue and concerns leadership action regarding funding, regular and special course programs, training for staff and lecturers, intercultural training, etc. In this qualitative study, the types of intercultural openness adopted by the management of adult education centers were categorized into proactive, reflexive, ambivalent, and symbolic types of openness. Using the procedure of exploratory sequential design, hypotheses were tested with the aim of gaining information that would facilitate broader statements about the field of adult education providers. The quantitative distribution was analyzed using a data set called ‘wbmonitor’ and a regional data set.

The Issue of Indirect Meaning: On the Rhetorical Modifications in Fine Arts

The article proposes to adapt the experience of rhetorical understanding of the text to the aesthetic issues of trope in the fine arts. Differentiating the rhetoric of figures and the rhetoric of the text as a whole, author proves the determination of the rhetorical (poetic) function in the fine arts as a means of self-detection of work’s artistic language involved in creation of meaning and as a set of operations leading to the semantic changes and to the integration of text semantics. Significance of metalogism as a type of rhetorical transformation in the fine arts has been revealed. A thesis that the category of visual metalogisms includes operations associated with the deviations from visual perceptual and logical codes present in a work, which is the specificity of the fine art systems of the modern art, has been put forward. Regarding the analysis of metalogisms, author concludes that the refusal from the principles of mimesis, the reduction of the optical illusion and the beginning of scene, which were typical for the art of the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, are the ways to realize poetic (rhetorical) function of language in the fine arts. The article reveals the functional heterogeneity of the various types of intertextual relations, suggested by the rhetoric of text. It has been accented that one of the sources, that generate indirect meanings in art, is a communicative situation, given by the presence of the centers of semantic uncertainty in a work and leading to activation of autocommunication acts. Taking into account the distinguishing between linguistic and extralinguistic symbolism, the proposed model can become a methodological basis for the differentiation of historical types of symbolism in art, including non-classic specific for art.

The Effect of Display Pixel Density on the Minimum Legible Size of Fundamental Cartographic Symbols

ABSTRACT This paper reports findings of a laboratory study that attempts to establish the limits of legibility for fundamental cartographic symbology on modern smartphone screens of varying pixel density. In a controlled setting, participants were asked to discriminate different types of cartographic symbology, while stimulus size was gradually reduced. From the collected results, the limits of discriminability for each symbol type and screen resolution are derived. The paper gives a detailed report and statistical analysis of the results of the experiment and proposes updated guidelines for minimum cartographic symbol sizes for settings in which a high-density display device can be reliably provided.

Deep learning framework for geological symbol detection on geological maps

Dynamic legend generation for geological maps aims to detect and identify geological map symbols within the current viewshed and generate a corresponding real-time legend to help users quickly obtain the name and meaning of symbols. Detection and recognition entail high complexity and uncertainty because of the diversity of symbol types and the randomness of symbol distribution, and thus the generation of dynamic legends for geological maps is challenging. A new framework based on deep learning is proposed in this study, combining the deep convolutional neural network (CNN) and graph convolutional network (GCN) to realize the extraction and recognition of geological map symbols. Within the framework, a CNN-based model called single symbol detection network (SSDN) is developed to detect and identify single geological map symbols, and a novel GCN combined with L2 distance attention (DAGCN) is proposed to deal with the difficulty of extracting compound symbols caused by the randomness of symbol distribution. This work systematically solves the problem of geological symbol detection with the aid of object detection technology based on deep learning, providing foundation for the dynamic legend generation. Experiments show that the framework of the proposed method is effective, and a new benchmark is established for geological symbol detection on geological maps. All of our data and code are publicly available.

Sojusz artystyczno-cyrkowy w filmie "Tratwa Meduzy"

The film The Raft of the Medusa (1980, directed by Karpo Godina) attempts a recreation of a short part of the day in the life of avant-garde artists belonging to the “Zenit” group. The director aims to re-create the energy of artists‘ actions, and to analyse the reasons behind the movement‘s downfall. Central to the plot is the question of the possibility of revolutionary art in the remote, muddy plazas and roads of the newly established Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. His search for an answer to that question eventually turns into a stance in the fierce discussion on the independence of art and its right to interfere in politics, which raged in the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia at the time of the movie‘s making. The figure of the athlete Alojz Žnidaršič is of particular importance to the message of the movie. As a symbolic type, he needs no external justification – his self-sustaining artistic act has a direct, if limited, impact on reality.

The Autonomy of Art and the Legitimization of Biofiction: An Aesthetic Turning Point in Twentieth-Century Literature

Abstract Biofiction is literature that names its protagonist after a historical figure, and since the 1990s it has become one of the most dominant literary forms. This is surprising because many prominent scholars, critics, and writers have criticized and even condemned it. This essay hypothesizes that postmodern theories of truth and concomitant transformations in reader sensibilities partly account for the legitimization and now dominance of biofiction. The essay analyzes a 1968 literary debate among Ralph Ellison, William Styron, and Robert Penn Warren, which on the surface concerned the uses of history in literature. But because it happened just one year after the publication of Styron’s controversial novel about Nat Turner, the debate ended up focusing primarily on the nature and value of biofiction. By analyzing the discussion in relation to contemporary formulations about and theorizations of biofiction, this essay illustrates why the forum represents a turning point in literary history, resulting in the decline of a traditional type of literary symbol and the rise of a more anchored and empirical symbol—that is, the type of symbol found in biofiction.

Is Mass Housing Increase or Decrease Symbolic Cultural Diversity? An Emperical Investigation

Housing is one of basic needs in modern society driven by the population growth and limited land resource. Housing for low-income segment has minimum standard features which difficult personalization. Nevertheless, people have means to create personal identity symbol on facade material to show personalization in the simplest way. Purpose of this research is to investigate diversity symbol type created by housing resident despite personalization limited constraint. Transdiciplinary housing theory (Salama et al, 2017) is served as basic framework of this research. Observations conducted in five housing in Palembang discover fewer collectivism symbols and many individualism symbols. Thus author revised the transdiciplinary model and create housing social architecture model for better descriptions on how housing dweller responses to housing architecture and defines their cultural identity. Instead of tune down culture symbolism, mass housing exhibits more basic roots of this symbolism.

Multispectral Analysis of Miniature Nuragic Bronze Flasks

Miniaturized bronze flasks represent a small portion of a wide metallurgical production that flourished in Sardinia (Italy) between the Final Bronze Age (FBA) and the Early Iron Age (EIA). They replicate a well-known and symbolic type of object, the pilgrims’ flask, common in all Europe and Mediterranean basin, and have but few archaeological parallels. For these reasons, their characterization can be considered important from an archaeological perspective. Three flasks, preserved at the Antiquarium Arborense museum (Oristano), were analyzed by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) and Raman spectroscopy, integrated by multispectral images. The samples, coming from illegal excavations, posed two problems: establishing their authenticity and investigating the alloy composition of such particular objects. All specimens presented a widespread degradation in the outer surface: XRF and Raman spectroscopy indicated the presence of copper oxides, calcium and copper carbonates deposits. The abscence of Zn, a clear marker of forgeries, was not detected by XRF. In two of the flasks, an unusual Sn content above 20%, was detected. For FBA and EIA, especially regarding southern Europe, Sn was extremely rare, and was possibly used with caution. Further results are presented herein.

The Founder Legitimation Process Among Refugee Entrepreneurs

The founder legitimacy literature argues that would-be entrepreneurs establish their legitimacy by framing their stories and actions differently for different resource-providing audiences. Yet, different individuals frame differently, with some being more flexible and able to appeal to more diverse audience preferences and judgments than others. We explore these differences in flexibility and why they arise by investigating the under-studied founder legitimation process. Using a qualitative inductive approach, we investigate how early interactions of refugee entrepreneurs with host audiences, as well as their experiences prior to resettlement, influence how flexibly they frame. We find that refugees who have been exposed to more diverse environments prior to resettlement set broad targets for legitimacy, engage with more diverse audiences, and experiment with more types of legitimation symbols than other refugees. Refugees in the first group, called “Explorers,” tend to frame more flexibly than refugees in the second group, called “Traditionalists.” Finally, we find that flexibility of framing tactics have important business and personal implications, with Explorers having access to more diverse resources and dealing better with feelings of dissonance than Traditionalists.

A Research Paper on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Theory based Automated Traffic and Road Sign Detection and Recognition System

India is a country with a dense road network and has a complex system to maintain road safety. As we all know that we have a complex traffic system in which we have more than 100 types of traffic symbols in it. While driving, it is tough to take care of all the symbols placed at the road end. Sometimes the driver does not know what that symbol says. In this system sometimes the driver misses the road signs because the attention of the driver is overdriving the vehicle safe which leads to an accident or issuing Challan. Sometimes the traffic signs don't notice by the driver. So all the drivers or the vehicle need a system which is capable to read and recognize the traffic symbol placed at the road end and the system must be capable of giving simple instruction to the driver. So that system can automatically detect which type of symbol is this and can notify the driver. The system must have a good accuracy rate, as well as the system, must have a very good speed of working. This system can also be used in driverless cars to notify the system about the road signals and hence the system can tackle all the symbols carefully.

The gleam-glum effect: /i:/ versus /λ/ phonemes generically carry emotional valence.

The gleam-glum effect is a novel sound symbolic finding that words with the /i:/-phoneme (like gleam) are perceived more positive emotionally than matched words with the /Λ/-phoneme (like glum). We provide data that not only confirm the effect but also are consistent with an explanation that /i:/ and /Λ/ articulation tend to co-occur with activation of positive versus negative emotional facial musculature respectively. Three studies eliminate selection bias by including all applicable English words from the English Lexicon Project (Balota et al., 2007) and the Warriner et al. (2013) database and every possible Mandarin Pinyin combination that differ only in the middle phoneme (/i:/ vs /Λ/). In Study 1, 61 U.S. undergraduates rated monosyllabic English /i:/ words as robustly more positive than matched /Λ/ words. Study 2 analyzed the Warriner et al. (2013) valence ratings, extending the gleam-glum effect to all applicable words in the database. In Study 3, 38 U.S. participants (using English) and 37 participants in China (using Mandarin Pinyin) rated word pairs under three conditions that moderate musculature activity: Read aloud (Enhance), read silently (Control), and read silently while chewing gum (Interfere). Indeed, the effect was both replicated and was significantly larger when facial musculature was enhanced than when interfered with, and the two language populations did not significantly differ. These findings confirm a robust gleam-glum effect, despite semantic noise, in English and Mandarin Pinyin. Furthermore, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that this type of sound symbolism arises from the overlap in muscles used both in articulation and emotion expression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

The Depiction of Hand Symbols (In) in Animated Series Naruto: Shippuden Episode 375

Naruto comics by Masashi Kishimoto are very popular comics. Besides Naruto comics are made in animated series films, and they are also available in the form of a game. Like the comics’ success, the Naruto animated series films were made up of hundreds of episodes. In the Naruto series, the most dominant element appears, namely the hand symbol. The hand symbol as part of the Ninja moves becomes an important element in this film and becomes an attraction for Naruto fans. In each episode of Naruto, there are depictions of hand symbols, one of which is in the Shippuden episode 375. This study aims to classify the types of hand symbols depicted on the characters of the animated film Naruto Shippuden episode 375 and the point of view of the depiction through descriptive methods. Data were collected through literature and observations of the animated series Naruto Shippuden episode 375. Hand symbols were collected through screenshots and tabulated. The results show that there are four depictions of hand symbols on the six figures. The character is depicted with six depiction points of view so that it affects the depiction of the hand symbol.

СИМВОЛІКА ОЛЕКСАНДРІВСЬКОЇ КОЛОНИ У ПАРКУ ІМЕНІ Т. Г. ШЕВЧЕНКА В ОДЕСІ

Purpose. The article is devoted to the analysis of the Alexander Column symbolism in the Taras Shevchenko Park in Odessa. Methodology. Field study and bibliographic research, synthesis and analysis, historical method, and method of analogies are used in that work. Results. Achievements and a number of reforms carried out by Emperor Alexander II and his role in the history of the Russian Empire are analyzed. The historical facts, contributing to the creation of the Alexander Park and the Alexander Column, dedicated to the memory of the emperor, on the 10th anniversary of his tragic death, are investigated. The architectural and artistic decoration of the monument has been analyzed in detail and it symbolic meaning has been deciphered. The functional purpose of this object is to preserve the memory and high social status of the personality of Alexander II in history, his place in the royal dynasty. These are personal symbols, such as a medallion with the profile of the sovereign and commemorative inscriptions on marble plaques. These are different types of status symbols: secular (crown, sword, scepter), indicating a high imperial status and continuity of power, and religious (Vladimir Monomakh's hat) – a symbol of God's anointing to power. The symbols of the apotheosis, the transition to the kingdom of heaven, are double-headed eagles with wreaths. The coat of arms of Odessa, surrounded by laurel and oak branches, is a symbol of memory and gratitude of the inhabitants of Odessa. The Alexander Column depicts elements of royal power from different historical periods, with an indication of the continuity and divinity of the imperial power. Scientific novelty. For the first time a study of the symbolism of the Alexander Column in Odessa was carried out in a detailed level. All symbols are correlated in time and reflect the philosophy of the era and the continuity of generations and royal power in the history of the state. Practical significance. The Alexander Column is located today on the main visual axis, the main alley of the Taras Shevchenko Park. Being on a hill, it also acts as a pronounced dominant, attracting the attention of visitors to the park. In addition to the aesthetic and compositional significance, it bears historical and memorial value