Subordinate Types Research Articles

Psychological correction behavioral component of shyness of future psychologists

The article raises necessary issue of implementation system reducing shyness by future psychological students as a necessary prerequisite for training and professional development future specialists. Psychocorrective work for shy students (future psychologists) involves conducting psychosocial training "Reducing shyness of future psychologists", which is aimed at optimizing structural components (cognitive, affective, behavioral). The article focuses on the psychocorrection personal formations of behavioral shyness component: introversion, which was studied by using the K.G. Jung questionnaire; subordinate type of behavior, which was studied by using T. Leary's method of diagnosing interpersonal relations. The relationship between the type of attitude towards others and the shyness levels by future psychologists is presented; identified introverts, amboverts, extroverts among students with different shyness levels (high, medium, low). The theoretical and methodological basis formative experiment was analyzed: person-oriented (principles of empathy, positive and non-valuable attitude), behavioral (production and consolidation of new behavior ways, expansion range behavioral actions, elimination or change erroneous forms behavior), cognitive approaches (work with intolerant beliefs). The formation behavioral practices is presented by cognitive-behavioral praxis social courage focusing on practicing skills behaving in crowd, correctly conveying information (verbally, non-verbally), convincing, attracting attention, recognizing danger; training on the formation of leadership coping strategies aimed at the formation of effective strategies for solving difficult life situations, finding ways of emotional support, developing emotional stability.

Coloniality dressed in green: in its current form, climate finance risks becoming a new tool for colonial rule

As the impacts of the climate crisis are being increasingly felt, a critical part of the solution is said to be the issue of mobilising climate finance. Particularly for the Global South, climate finance is crucial for sustainable development; to simultaneously meet the challenges of the climate crisis while addressing issues around economic development, health, poverty and beyond. Yet at present, Southern progress is being held back by ongoing and evolving patterns of Northern neo-coloniality, including through finance and debt relationships. In a context where the mainstream approach to mobilising climate finance – centring private finance, derisked by the state – reflects the dominance of US-style market-based finance, climate finance in this form simply risks becoming a new mechanism by which Southern countries are exposed to new types of subordination and dependence. Instead, structural changes and policy space is required for the Global South to break away from Northern financial dependence. The Bridgetown Agenda and calls for a new Bretton Woods moment are important steps in this direction. However, in addition such countries need the ability to develop financial institutions and regulatory structures that can simultaneously direct credit towards priority areas, regulate capital flows, and develop infrastructure that is democratically owned and oriented towards the needs of public and environment.

Social Interaction and Class Struggles in Noughts & Crosses by Malorie Blackman

This research employs a sociological approach to literature, drawing on Georg Simmel's social interaction theory and Karl Marx's class struggle concepts, to analyze the dynamics between the upper-class Crosses and the lower-class Noughts in the novel Noughts & Crosses. The study identifies five forms and six types of social interactions, encompassing superordination and subordination, exchange, conflict, prostitution, and sociability, along with character-based classifications such as the miser, the spendthrift, the stranger, the adventurer, the nobility, and the poor. The central focus lies in understanding the struggles of the Noughts in their pursuit of social equality within a deeply divided society. Despite collective and individual efforts, fueled by class consciousness and the formation of the Liberation Militia, the research concludes that achieving equality remains elusive. The powerful Crosses, driven by hidden manipulations and a desire to maintain the existing system, thwart the Noughts' endeavors, underscoring the persistent challenges faced by the lower class in a society marked by reverse racism.

Сутність і значення еко-інновацій у циркулярній економіці

The article is devoted to the consideration of the main provisions and substantiation of the essence of eco-innovations as the main competitive advantage in a closed-loop economy. In the course of the study, the authors consider the features of the development of eco-innovations, taking into account the features of a closed-loop/circular economy. The paper describes the genesis of the concepts of «innovation» and «eco-innovation» in scientific literature and regulations – both international and national. The study is supplemented by an analysis of the domestic legislative field. When synthesizing the existing definitions of the essence of the category of «eco-innovation», two essential approaches (as process and as product) have been identified for the first time. The erroneous interpretation of the essence of «eco-innovation» as process under the condition of the simultaneous existence of the category of «innovation process» has been proved. A theoretical distinction is made and the cause-and-effect relationships between the concepts of «innovation process» and «eco-innovation» are studied, the results of which are presented graphically. The authors propose their own definition of the concept of «eco-innovations» (which does not contradict the norms of the current legislation) within the framework of the essential approach «as product» of newly created (applied) and (or) improved competitive technologies, products or services, as well as organizational and technical solutions of production, administrative, commercial or other nature, created by the company itself or other external structures in order to reduce or prevent eco-destructive impact on environment throughout its life cycle, while ensuring the profitability of economic activity. The classification of «eco-innovations» is considered; technological, organizational, social, and institutional innovations are allocated, and the essence and features of each of the subordinate types are described. Two modern ecosystems – open and closed-loop – are characterized, their distinctive features are presented. The expediency and necessity of production and implementation of eco-innovations for economic entities and the State are substantiated.

Subordination of Civil Cases: Theoretical Rules and Practical Problems

This article is devoted to the topic of subordination, which is one of the oldest and most relevant institutions of civil procedural law, the content of this topic includes which body is competent to consider disputes (cases), its criteria and conditions, as well as the limits of the competence of the court and other bodies in this area. The task of subordination in a broad sense determines the forms of protection (judicial or extrajudicial resolution) of the rights and interests of individuals (individuals and legal entities). In a narrow sense, it is understood to belong to a number of state bodies and organizations empowered to protect violated and disputed subjective rights of individuals and legal entities and their legally protected interests. The subordination of cases plays a key role in delineating their powers from each other. The article also includes aspects of subordination, which is a broad concept in relation to jurisdiction, similarities and differences with this procedural institution. At the same time, the article provides detailed information and analysis of several types of subordination in civil procedural law, including alternative, contractual, imperative and exceptional types. At the end of the article, problems related to the topic of subordination, suggestions and recommendations for their solution, and the author's conclusions are presented.

Analysis of the main indicators of dental care in Ukraine for 2022

The article presents an analysis of the results of state and industry statistical reports of health care institutions submitted to the Public Health Center of the Ministry of Health of the Ukraine in 2023. In 2022, 16,004 dentists provided dental care to the population of Ukraine in 4,418 institutions of various types of ownership. There is a decrease in the number of dental healthcare institutions in Ukraine from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022: by 14 % in the public sector (1,359 institutions in 2020, and 1,172 in 2022), by 36 % in the private sector (5,084 institutions in 2020, and 3,246 in 2022). The human resources for the dental industry decreased by 28 % compared to 2020 (22,180 dentists). In the public sector, 10,081 specialists provide dental care (12,601 dentists in 2020), in the private sector, 5,551 specialists (8,940 dentists in 2020). The indicator of provision of dental personnel in Ukraine, which was 3.9 doctors per 10,000 population in 2022, including dentists in institutions of all types of ownership and subordination, reduced compared to 2020 (5.4). A decrease in the amount of dental care for residents of Ukraine according to the main indicators has its basis, namely: the change in the funding of dental care, two years of the COVID-19 pandemic and a full-scale war from 2022 caused significant fluctuations in the indicators in the regions of the Ukraine.

Neuroethological analysis of the features of aggressive and submissive behavior of rats with alcohol dependence during the action of intranasally administered progesterone

The aim of the work was to study in a chronic experiment the effect of intranasal progesterone administration on the specifics of behavioral (aggressive and submissive) reactions of rats with alcohol dependence during agonistic encounters. It was shown that the intranasal administration of progesterone to aggressive rats with alcohol dependence under conditions of long-term psychoemotional consequences of zoosocial confrontational interactions led to a decrease in aggressive motivational reactions (the number and total time of attacks); rats with a subordinate type of behavior with alcohol addiction — to a decrease in quantitative and time indicators of passive-defensive behavior. The features of the anxiolytic and hypnotic effects of progesterone on the emotional behavior of aggressive and submissive rats with alcohol dependence were revealed. Key words: alcohol dependence, intranasal administration of progesterone, agonistic collisions

FUQAROLIK ISHLARINING TAALLUQLILIGI: NAZARIY QOIDALAR VA AMALIY MUAMMOLAR

This article is devoted to the topic of subordination, which is one of the oldest and most relevant institutions of civil procedural law, the content of this topic includes which body is competent to consider disputes (cases), its criteria and conditions, as well as the limits of the competence of the court and other bodies in this area. The task of subordination in a broad sense determines the forms of protection (judicial or extrajudicial resolution) of the rights and interests of individuals (individuals and legal entities).In a narrow sense, it is understood to belong to a number of state bodies and organizations empowered to protect the violated and disputed subjective rights of individuals and legal entities and their legally protected interests. The subordination of cases plays a key role in delineating their powers from each other. The article also includes aspects of subordination, which is a broad concept in relation to jurisdiction, and similarities and differences with this procedural institution. At the same time, the article provides detailed information and analysis of several types of subordination in civil procedural law, including alternative, contractual, imperative, and exceptional types. At the end of the article, problems related to the topic of subordination, suggestions and recommendations for their solution, and the author’s conclusions are presented.

Values and Norms of Political Culture in the Public Consciousness of Kazakhstan Society

The article discusses the basic values and norms of the political culture of the Republic of Kazakhstan population on the basis of a sociological survey in the summer, 2022. The purpose of our study is to determine the values and norms in the political culture of the republic population at the present stage of the country’s political modernization. The authors analyze the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the political consciousness of the citizens of the country. Based on the survey results, a conclusion is made about the predominance of parochial and subordinate types of political culture in the mentality of the population of Kazakhstan. The trend of development of participatory political culture elements, despite attempts to implement a program of modernization of public consciousness, is not visible. The main sources of the formation of values and norms of political culture are communicative practices in reference groups, as well as official media.

Peculiarities of Medical Personnel Behavior Styles in Conflict Situations

Introduction: Leadership style is a way, a system of methods of influence of the leader on subordinates. This is one of the most important factors of the effective work of the institution, the full realization of the potential capabilities of people in the team. Leadership style, as an individual way of carrying out management activities, is mostly associated with the person of the manager. The management style is formed under the influence of the relationship between the manager and the team in the process of making and implementing management decisions, individual characteristics and preferences of the manager. The objective of the study was conflicts in the field of healthcare in the system “medical personnel of a healthcare institution—patients and relatives of patients”. The objective of the study was to determine management styles in conflict situations among medical workers. Materials and Methods: With the help of a direct individual survey, according to an anonymous questionnaire developed by us, the opinion of 582 medical workers (422 doctors and 160 nurses) of general hospitals and primary care centers of Chernivtsi and Chernivtsi region regarding the ceilings of behavior in conflict situations was studied. Results: In a conflict situation, the leading form of behavior for medics, both doctors and medical personnel, is the subordinate type (29.6% and 38.1%, respectively). The second most frequent method of conflict resolution is an authoritarian strategy (20.6% for doctors and 15% for nurses), in which personal aspirations and the achievement of one’s own goals come to the fore. Dependent style (17.8% for doctors and 13.75% for nurses) ranks third. A selfish style of behavior in a conflict situation is characteristic of 13.7% of doctors and 13.1% of nurses. A friendly style of behavior during the resolution of conflict situations is characteristic of medical workers at a rather low level (12.3% for doctors and 12.5% for nurses). Aggressive style (5.9% for doctors and 7.5% for nurses) is the least popular as a model of behavior in a conflict situation among respondents. Conclusion: The style of behavior of doctors and nurses in conflict situations is ambiguous, which is due to personal qualities, the degree of leadership, professional relationships and the specifics of the work environment.

Compound adjectives in the Erzya and Hungarian languages

Introduction. Compounding is one of the leading ways to update vocabulary. A compound word is the result of combining two or more meanings at the lexical-semantic, word-formation, syntactic levels, which determines versatile approaches to its study, including comparative-historical. The purpose of the research is a comparative historical study of compound adjectives of the Erzya and Hungarian languages. It can be achieved by considering the formation patterns of compound adjectives; analysis of compound adjectives in Erzya and Hungarian; identifying the types of relationships between the components of a compound word; statistical calculations. Materials and Methods. The material for analysis was formed by the method of continuous sampling from bilingual dictionaries: Erzya-Russian and Hungarian-Russian. It used the methods for determining the genetic affiliation of language data, establishing a system of correspondences and anomalies in the compared languages; spatial localization of linguistic phenomena. Research and Discussion. Compounding in the Erzya and Hungarian languages are divided into two large groups: 1) formed on the basis of a compositional connection and 2) created on the basis of a subordinate connection between components. As the study showed, complex adjectives of the subordinate type in the Erzya language are few in number, while in the Hungarian language they constitute the majority. This group includes words with the first part – an adjective, a noun, a numeral. Compound adjectives of a compositional type, prevailing in the Erzya language, can be formed as a result of the merger of two proper adjectives, two derived adjectives, repetition of derived adjectives. In the Hungarian language, the share of complex adjectives of the compositional type is small. Among them there are the ones paired and formed by the type of twin words. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate that the formation of complex adjectives in the Hungarian and Erzya languages is an active process.

Сложные существительные подчинительного типа в венгерском языке

The paper aims to identify the most productive word-formation models for compound nouns of subordinate type in the Hungarian language. The main focus of attention lies in the consideration of different parts of speech as the first component. The scientific originality of the research consists in the thorough analysis of compound nouns of subordinate type in the Hungarian language on the material of the dictionary “Magyar-orosz szótár = Hungarian-Russian Dictionary”. As a result, it has been revealed that any part of speech can be the first component, while the second component is presented by a noun, which determines the belonging of compound words to this part of speech. The examples provided prove that the formation of compound nouns based on the subordinate relationship is a productive way of word-formation.

Scandinavian/Rus’ Captives and Slave Soldiers: an Eastern Perspective

During the Viking Age (c. AD 750–1050), the Rus’, an inclusive group of warrior-merchants of mainly Scandinavian origin – owning and trading slaves – were active in the East (in this case the eastern Baltic region, European Russia, Belarus, the Ukraine, the Black Sea region, Byzantium, the Caucasus, and beyond). There are several written accounts of Rus’ taken captive in the East during the Viking Age, including information about some of them ending up as slaves. This article will examine different fates of Rus’ captives in these areas, on the basis of contemporary Byzantine, Muslim – and to a limited extent – later Old Slavic and Old Norse written accounts. The sources reveal that the captured Scandinavian/Rus’ warriors often were victims of a special type of subjugation: ‘slave soldiery’. This status will be contrasted to other types of militarily subordination to illuminate the relative social standings of such warrior groups in the East.

Оценка русскоязычной речевой деятельности ребёнка-билингва

The paper aims to assess the Russian-language speech skills of bilingual children residing in Turkey. The article describes the phenomenon of bilingualism, identifies its basic types and presents results of a sociolinguistic survey among the bilingual children. Scientific originality of the study involves identifying speech mistakes of the Russian-Turkish bilingual junior schoolchildren who remained in the Russian-language environment at middle pre-school age. The findings indicate that bilingualism among the children surveyed belongs to the subordinate type and is unbalanced due to linguistic interference.

STATE POLICY OBJECTIVES IN THE FIELD OF COMBATING CRIME

The paper examines the concept and goals of the state policy of countering crime, which is considered as a special direction of state activity associated with the development and implementation of strategies and tactics (general line) of organized resistance to crime and other offenses. Conditioned by the objective need to protect society from criminal encroachments, this policy is formed and implemented as a response of the state and society to the very fact of the existence of crime, its dangerous prevalence and continuous growth, and is designed to serve as a solution to the social conflict associated with the existence of crime. All this determines the goals of counteraction crime policy, its ideology, the main parameters, structure, main directions (types) and implementation practice. As a relatively independent and complexly organized type of social policy, it is implemented through a hierarchically structured system of subordinate types of policies at different levels, each of which has its own goals, objectives and content, and together they all serve to implement the general goal of reducing crime as much as possible, deterring it and keeping it at a socially acceptable level. The diversity and multi-level nature of the goals in the field of crime prevention, which make the process of their implementation long, complex and ambiguous, require a certain systematization of them. In this regard, the author formulated a number of important (in fact, key) requirements for the formation and implementation of goals, as well as the construction of their system in the field of combating crime, which could become important factors for achieving the planned results. At the same time, the author critically assesses the identification of the policy in the field of combating crime as a combination of all the efforts of the state and society aimed at countering crime with criminal policy as the activity of the state related to the criminalization and penalization of acts, the development and implementation of strategies and tactics, forms and methods of influencing crime with the help of criminal legal instruments.

КЪМ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКАТА НА СМЕСЕНИЯ ЕЗИК НА ВИЕНСКИТЕ БЪЛГАРИ ОТ ВТОРО ПОКОЛЕНИЕ / TO THE CHARACTERISATION OF THE MIXED LANGUAGE OF SECOND-GENERATION VIENNESE BULGARIANS

Second-generation emigrants who preserve a number of features of the Bulgarian language exhibit bilingualism of a subordinate type. An active process of internal simultaneous translation of a subordinate type is still observed in these speakers. The dominant foreign (Austrian) environment determines the direction of interference. At present, the initial variability between Bulgarian and German language elements typical for first-generation emigrants has begun to disappear in the speech of the second gene-ration and a marked tendency towards the stabilisation of German elements – through direct or indirect borrowing (calquing) – is under way.

Geochemical constraints on the origin and distribution of Cretaceous source rocks in the Ceará basin, Brazilian Equatorial margin

The Mundaú sub-basin composes the western segment of the Ceará Basin, which is one of a series of basins of the Brazilian Equatorial Margin that resulted from the breakup of Western Gondwana. This study investigates the origin and maturation of the organic matter preserved in the rocks of the middle and outer shelf of the Mundaú sub-basin, in order to assess the source-rock potential for oil and gas generation. The samples selected for this study are representative of the Mundaú, Paracuru, and Ubarana formations, which correlate with the rift, transition, and drift phases of the Western Gondwana breakup. The results indicate moderate to good potential for oil generation and good potential for gas generation for the Mundaú Formation. Fault activity during the rift phase favored sediment supply. Kerogen type III predominates in shallower portions and probably reflects the contribution from the continent. Good to excellent potential for oil and gas generation is indicated for the Paracuru Formation. Kerogen types I and II predominate, having the marine organic matter been deposited in reducing conditions. The most promising interval for hydrocarbon generation is limited by the top of the Trairí Member and the top of the Paracuru Formation. Moderate to good potential for oil and gas generation is suggested for the Uruburetama Member of the Ubarana Formation. The source rocks located in the middle shelf were deposited under reducing conditions in a transgressive marine environment. Kerogen varies from type II, to a mixture of types II and III, and to subordinate type III. Poor to fair potential for oil generation is indicated for the Itapajé Member of the Ubarana Formation. Kerogen type IV (inert or degraded) is typical in the middle shelf, and kerogen type IV and subordinate type III are typical on the outer shelf. The presence of inert kerogen is related to high-energy, oxidizing depositional environments. The hydrocarbon expulsion threshold estimated for the outer shelf is at 2106-m, for the middle shelf at 1635-m, and for the deep waters at 3632-m depths. Source rocks of the middle and outer shelves occur between 561 m and 4080 m, whereas those in deep waters occur between 2754 m and 5007 m of depth. The Active Source Rock Depth Limits (ASDL) estimated for the outer shelf is below 4500 m, whereas for deep waters, this limit is close to 6000 m. These organic geochemical constraints are important guidelines for oil and gas exploration in the Ceará and adjacent basins.

أحكام التنازل عن الحقوق العينية (دراسة تحليلية مقارنة)

يعالج هذا البحث موضوع التنازل عن الحق وبخاصة التنازل عن الحقوق العينية بنوعيها الأصلية والتبعية. ويكتسب الموضوع أهميته لما له من آثار خطيرة على الذمة المالية للشخص المتنازل على اعتبار أن التنازل يعد من التصرفات الضارة ضرراً محضاً. ولقد توصل البحث إلى أن التنازل عن الحق هو تصرف قانوني يتم بالإرادة المنفردة أو بالاتفاق بقصد ترك الحق أو اسقاطه، وقد يترتب على التنازل عن الحق التحرر من التزام كان يثقل الحق محل التنازل. ولقد خلصت الدراسة إلى جواز التنازل عن الحقوق العينية سواء كانت أصلية أو تبعية مع مراعاة القيود الواردة على التنازل من ضرورة عدم الاضرار بالغير والمتنازل نفسه.

SEMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MATRIX AND INFINITIVE PROPOSITIONS (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF THE FRENCH PRESS)

The article focuses on identifying relationships between an action expressed by the infinitive and an action expressed by the verb in a personal form representing a predicate in such sentences as Il aime raconter des histoires (He likes telling stories). The research is conducted from the perspective of the sematic-functional approach, which allows defining syntactic status and thus discovering nominative potential on the basis of the content analysis. Taking into account the notions of basic and non-basic propositions within the semantic-functional classification of the predicate, the predicate complex aime raconter is qualified as the compound predicate, which consists of the matrix (main) predicate and the second predicate referring to the same subject. In this case, the infinitive has a function of the second infinitive predicate expressing an additional predication of subordinate type in comparison with the matrix predicate. Matrix and infinitive propositions form a content block inside of which both actions have the relationships classified as the taxis ones. The realization of the taxis relationships is affected by the specific character of the infinitive, which expresses a non-localized in time action, the implementation of which is regarded as hypothetical or potentially possible. The article concludes that the above-mentioned features of the infinitive restrict the possibility of expression of the taxis character of the relationships between the matrix and the infinitive actions due to the usage of the specific lexico-semantic groups of verbs representing the matrix predicate.

Езикът на българските общности извън България / The Language of Bulgarian Communities abroad

Езикът на българските общности извън България / The Language of Bulgarian Communities abroad